464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 SELECT COMMITI'EE ON SMALL BUSINESS, form the duties of the Chair during my also hold public hearings on Friday, Jan­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .absence. uary 30, 194<3, at 10:30 a. m., on Senate Januar y 23, 1948 (cor rected from Janu ary A. H. VANDENBERG, bill 1651 , to amend the General Bridge 12, 1948) Presi dent pro tempore. Act of 1946. All interested parties will , To THE CLERK oF THE HousE: Mr. CAIN thereupon took the chair as be afforded the opportunity to be heard .. The above-ment ioned committee or sub­ Acting President pro tempore. concerning these bills. Witnesses are re­ commit tee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of THE JOURNAL quested to file with the committee writ­ the Legislat ive Reorga nization Act of 1946, ten statements of their proposed testi­ Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap­ On request of Mr. WHERRY, and by proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits mony at least 3 days in advance of the unanimous consent, the reading of the hearings. the following report showing the name, pro­ Journal of the proceedings of Wednes­ fession, aJ1d total salary of each pe!'son em­ LEAVES OF ABSENCE ployed by it for the period from July 1, 1947, day, January 21, 1948, was dispensed to and including December 31, 1947, together with, and the Journal was approved. Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. President, I have with funds if authorized or appropriated to .MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT a very important meeting to attend in and expended by it: Connecticut tonight and I ask unani­ Messages in writing from the President mous consent to be absent from the Sen­ of the submitting nomina­ Total ate after 12:30 p. m: tc;>day! Name of employee Profession gross tions were communicated to the Senate . The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ salary by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries. pore. Without objection, the order is MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE made. M . W. RowelL ______Chief o( ______$4, 166.65 Allen W. Maddren ______Staff member ___ __ 3, 998.24 A message from the House of Repre­ Mr. WHERRY asked and obtained · J . G. Crost. . ------__ ___ do ______1, 692. 43 consent that Mr. FLANDERS be excused Leo Cullinane ______do ______. 1, 482. 51 sentatives. by Mr. Maurer, one of its Willis J. Ballinger______Economic adv: iser 3, 973. 6!1 reading . clerks, announced that the from attendance on Monday and Wed­ · (per diem). House had passed a bill {H. R .. 2873) to nesday next. William Warmack __ ~ --- Staff member {per 1, 808.00 diem). amend certain provisions of the ·Recla­ Mr. WHERRY asked and obtained con­ Grace F. Purdy______Clerk __ ------494. 50 mation Project Act of 1939, in -which it sent that Mr. FLANDERS be excused from Arvilla Benson ______Stenographer ______e43. 29 G!adys.Flanagan ______do ______1, 269. 65 requestea the concurrence of the Senate. attendance on Monday and Wednesday Kathryn 0 . Keyes ______d o ______823.89 MEETINGS OF COMMITTEES DURING next. Dorothy Henry- -- ~ ----- ·_____ do ______1, 385.64 Willie E . ForisteL ______do· ----- ~ ------461. 88 . SESSiON OF THE SENATE EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Margaret Denny------_____ do ______194.67 Ethel M . Zider ______do ______90.54 Mr. WHERRY. _ Mr. President, I ask The ACTING _PRESIDENT pro tem­ Flatley ______: ---- ~do ______207. 77 unanimous consent that the Subcom­ pore laid before the.Senate the following Margaret M. Koe ln .~ --- __ ___ d O------~ -- -- 230.94 C. J. Reynolds, Jr______Messenger------"- 1, 110. 96 mittee ott Commodity Speculation of the letters, which were referred as indicated: Senate Committee bn Appropriations be SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF ALIENS To ta L.------~ ------24,035.25 granted permission ·to sit during the ses­ ·A letter from the Attorney General, trans­ sion of the Senate today. mitting, pursuant to law, a report reciting Funds authorized or appropriated, for com- mittee expenditure_------$60,000.00 The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the facts and pertinent provisions of law in Mar. 24 throu {1; h June 30, 1941-----·------18,622.21 pore. Without objection, the order · is the cases of 298 individuals whose deporta­ made. · tion has been suspended for more than 6 41, 377. 79 months by the COmmissioner of Immigra­ July 1 through Dec. 31, 1947______39,075: 44 . Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, at there­ tion and. Naturalization Service under the quest of the C()mmittee on Foreign Re­ .authority vested in. the Attorney General, to­ Balance pnexpended as of Dec ..3 1, 1947 _ 2, 302. 35 lations, I ask unanimous consent that WALTER C. PLOESER, Chairman. gether with a statement of the rea,son that committee be authorized to aold for · such suspel;.ls~on (with accompanying hearings during the session of the Sen­ papers); to the Committee on ~he Judiciary. ate today. REPORT ON TORT CLAIMS PAID BY FEDERAL The . ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ SECURITY AGENCY SENATE pore. Without objection, permission is A letter from the Acting Administrator, granted. . Federal Security Agency, transmitting, pur­ FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1948 PUBLIC HEARINGS BY SUBCOMMITTEE suant to law, a report of all claims paid by . that Agency under the Federal Tort Claims ON FLOOD CONTROL AND IMPROVE­

pay roll than does the one previously used TABLE 2.-Comparative statement of assets We trust that the above figures and com­ by the Board with respect to prior service and liabilities under the existin'{l plan and ments will give the committee such infor­ contributions under the existing law. How­ of the corresponding assets and liabilities mation as it needs in order to arrive at the ever, it was deemed desirable to proceed in under H. R. 4127, as passed by the House relative difference in cost between the exist­ this manner in order not to include in the of Reptesentatives on July 21, 1947, pre­ ing law and H. R. 4127 as passed by the figures comparing the relative costs of the pared as of Sept. 30, 1947-Continued House of Representatives on July 21, 1947. two groups of provisions, an allowance for LIABILITIES (MILLIONS) Very truly yours, the amortization of the accrued liability GEORGE B. BUCK, which might tend to overstate the true dif­ EDWARD B. FACKLER, Ratio ferences between the plans. The revised nor­ of R. B. REACH. mal cost of the provisions under the exist­ JOHN D. PHENIX. Exist- H.R. ing 1aw and the normal cost of the provisions Item ing H.R. 4127 MAURICE 8. BROWN. under the proposed law as obtained from plan 4127 to exist· Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, as we see· the present valuations are as follows: ing plan from reading the letter, it shows that TABLE 1.-The normal cost of the various · the cost of the Stevenson bill is approxi­ benefits allowable under th·e existing plan, ------·1------expressed as percentages of pay roll, com­ Percent mately $84,000,000 a year. I may say pared with the corresponding costs under Value of voluntary deposits ___ 100 that informally the same actuaries have H. R. 4127 as passed by the House of Rep­ Present value of annuities estimated that the cost of the substitute resentatives on July 21, 1947 payable to retired annui­ will be approximately one-half of that tants as of the valuation date: cost, or $42,000,000 a year additional. Normal rates Ratio of Annuitants now on rolL ___ _ 963 1,187 123 Mr. President, let me finish the gen­ Annuitants eligible for de- Benefit l--...... ,--- llt27~o ferred annuities ______369 437 118 eral statement in regard to the bill: Exist· H. R. existing What the bill does, in the first place, ing plan 4127 plan SubtotaL______1, 332 1, 624 122 is to increase the pensions of those who Present value of prospective already have retired. The bill will in-· P ercent Percent Percent benefits payable to or on •. crease their pensions by 25 percent, or Eervice ______4. 59 5. 09 111 behalf of present active Disability------• 75 . 84 112 members: $300, whichever is less. That amounts Discontiriued service: Retiring on account of age __ 6, 011 7, 221 120 to an average increase in pensions of ap­ Voluntary------. 39 . 38 97 Retiring on account of dis- proximately 23 percent for those who Involuntary------·-- . 58 . 82 141 ability ------804 ·868 108 Return of contributions on Retirin!{ on a ·discontinued already have retired. Of course, that is withdrawal without a re­ service benefit: a straight gift. Their pensions accumu­ tirement benefit and on Voluntary separation _____ 249 261 105 death______1. 14 1. 08 95 Involuntary separation ___ 558 774 139 lated under a certain plan; and, frankly, Withdrawing without a re· this would be a gift on the part of the SubtotaL______7. 45 8. 21 110 tirement benefit or dy- ing. _____ ------789 637 81 Government, in order to increase their Widows: pensions somewhat. No one has suffered Payments deferred to age SubtotaL______8, 411 9, 761 116 60.------• 47 in the United States as much from the Payments during period Present value of prospective increase in the cost of living as the peo­ youngest child is under benefits payable to wid­ age 18 ______------.09 ows of deceased members: ple who have been on fixed pensions. Upon attainment of age 60 While I do not know that we can adopt SubtotaL ______------. 56 ------by widow ______------618 ------any such policy for . other employees, I During period that young- Total rates .. _------7. 45 8. 77 118 est child is under age 18. ------think the Government, as an employer, Less rate payable by em- 87 ------can properly go back and make that in­ ployees .•.. ------, 5. 00 6. 00 120 SubtotaL ______.__ ------705 ------Total liabilities______9, 749 12,096 124 crease. Net rate payable by Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will Government______2. 45 . 77 113 The normal cost figur·es combined with the the Senator inform us whether the ad­ accrued liability figures, as previously pre­ ditional amount to be given pensioners The Board then determined the total sented, may be expressed in terms of the present value of the liabilities under the is to be borne entirely by the Federal annual appropriations needed to support the Treasury, or will any of it come from present plan and under the proposed act and benefits, as shown in table 3: the respective present valties of the future the pension fund? . normal contributions under the plans. De­ TABLE 3.-Annual contributions required to Mr. TAFT. It will be borne by the ducting the funds in hand and the present support the existing plan compared with Federal Treasury. Obviously that is · value of the future contributions from the corresponding contributions under H. R. total liability gives the accrued liability f9r 4127 as passed by the House of Representa..,. done in· respect to those who are draw­ each plan. The figures obtained from the tives on ·July 21, 1947, prepared as of Sept. ing the pensions to which their contri­ valuation are shown on the following page. 30, 1947 butions entitle them, with the additional Government contribution. This is an TABLE 2.-Comparative statement ot assets and liabilities under the existing plan and Normal cost Deficiency Total cost additional Government contribution. It as- cost as- . as- of the corresponding assets and liabilities makes up about $24,000,000 of the addi­ under H. R. 4127, as passed by the House -----·--- tional cost of $42,000,000. It is the most I» 0 I» 0 I» 0 of Representatives on July 21, 1947, pre­ , I wish to say to the Senator of age. The measure now before us pro­ individual must have at any rate 5 years from Ohio that the Federal Employees vides that she can start receiving her of civilian service before he is entitled Pay Act of 1945 is very clear that the pension at 50 years of age if she has not to a pension under the civilian pension employees of the judiciary branch and of remarried by that time; that is, unless law. the legislative bodies shall have their she has a minor child or children. There Section 4 is not material. It will allow deductions based on gross pay, and their is then provided an annuity for minor employees . who are receiving hospital annuities based on gross pay. There children left by a man who dies in the · treatment an additional period to file may be some question respecting the Ian- service. claims for disability annuities. The . guage of the pending measure, and I Most pension plans today provide for provision will cover only a few merito­ suggest that on page 4, line 19, in sub­ such survivorship benefits, and I think it rious cases. It will also eliminate the section (d), the word "the" be stricken, is certainly only putting this system in necessity for medical examination of and that there be inserted in lieu thereof, line with other systems to provide that disabled annuitants after they have ·. "except as provided in sections 501 and additional matter. I think I am correct reached the age of 60. 522 (b) of the F'ederal Employees Pay in saying that the entire cost of those Section 5 on page 9 of the bill makes Act of 1945, as amended, the." survivorship benefits is paid by increas­ perhaps the most important change in Then the language would continue ing the payment from 5 percent to 6 per­ the Langer law. Under the law, as ''the term 'basic salary, pay or compen­ cent. That is substantially what the in­ amended, after 5 years of service, an in­ sation'," and so forth. crease in the deduction from the pay is dividual may retire at any time. He Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, has the for-to pay for the survivorship benefits. may then receive the money he has paid Senator the amendment in written The other cost additions in the substitute into the pension fund, no matter how form? are covered by the increased cost to the long he served, either less or more than Mr. REVERCOMB. Yes. Government, which is approximately the 5 years. He may receive back the money Mr. TAFT. If the Senator would care same proportion as the increased cost to he has paid in with interest at 4 percent, to submit the amendment I shall be glad the employee. ·and 3 percent after December 31, 1947. to accept it. Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, will the Or he may take a deferred annuity be­ Senator yield? ginning at age 62 which, of course, will Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, I Mr. TAFT. I yield. only be equivalent to the number of offer the amendment which I send to the Mr. COOPER. Upon the question of years which he served. The amount in­ desk and ask to have stated. survivorship, is there any particular rea­ volved may be very small. If he has The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ son, actuarial or otherwise, for providing served 5 years it would be a small pore. The amendment will be stated. that the benefit shall not be paid until amount, of course, but the amount is The CHIEF CLERK. On page 4, line 19, the widow reaches the age of 50 years? based on the number of years he has it is proposed to strike out the word "the" Mr. TAFT. The bill, after all, is a pen­ served. and insert in lieu thereof the words, "ex­ sion bill, to take care of people in the Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the cept as provided in sections 501 and 522 upper-age groups. It is not primarily life Senator yield? of the Federal Employees Pay Act of insurance. i cannot answer the Sena­ Mr. TAFT. I yield. 1945, as amended, the." tor's question. I suppose it can be done Mr. BYRD. In other words, an em­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ anyway. But the bill as presented, ' I ployee of the Government can receive pore. The question is on agreeing to the think both in the House and Senate, pro­ back, whenever he desires it and termi­ amendment offered by the Senator from vided for the widow's pension to begin at nates his service, any deposit he has West Virginia. age 60. If the man has retired, he may made? The amendment to the amendment accept a reduced annuity in considera- · Mr. TAFT. That is correct. He may was agreed to. tion of the fact that after his death his get back what he has paid in with Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, is there widow shall continue to receive a · 50- interest. anything in the substitute which affects percent pension. That is true, I think, Mr. BYRD. Regardless of how long section 602, I believe it is, of the Re­ no matter what her age may be, after the he has served? organization Act of 1946, which gave to husband has retired, if he accepts a re­ Mr. TAFT. Yes. Or he may receive Members of the House and the Senate duction in his own pension. He may a deferred annuity. the benefit~ of the retirement system? · provide his widow with a pension by ac­ Mr. BYRD. When he does take the Is.there anything in the subs~itute which cepting a reduction. But this provision deposit he separates himself entirely affects that section? · is to cover cases of death in the service, from any annuity in the future? Mr. TAFT. No. I left out the provi­ and in most cases I suppose that the Mr. TAFT. Yes. sion respecting Senators and Represent- widow under 50 is presumably able to Mr. BYRD. .I am very much in favor atives entirely. · work. Most widows are unless they have of that provision. · It seemed to me that it was wise, if we minor children. If a widow has a minor Mr. TAFT. Not only that, but the were going to revise that section, to revise child or children, then she may draw her measure provides further that if subse- it at a separate time. ~here is one ex- pension. XCIV--31 482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 Mr. COOPER. I note also on page 17 men:t then puts up approximately · the Mr. WILLIAMS. As I understand the the substitute defines a widow as "a sur­ same amount, and the pension which he amendment of the Senator from Ohio, viving wife of an individual who * * * receives is based upon those amounts. it merely retains the provisions now con­ shall have been married to such individ­ Under the present law a man who does tained in the act. Under those provi­ ual for at least 5 years immediately pre­ not wish to make the back payments­ sions it is possible for a man' who has ceding his death." and a man who has been in the service had 10 or 20 years' service to withdraw Is there any particular reason for re­ for 20 years may not be able to make such from the Government service and take quiring as a condition of eligibility that payments-even though he does not all his money back. If he can obtain a widow must have been married 5 years? make the payments, may receive that employment for 1 day with some Gov­ Mr. TAFT. I think that provision is part of the pension which would have ernment agency, or on some Senator's contained in both measures, and I sup­ been contributed by the Government if staff, he can be fired, and will still be pose it was placed in the substitute in he had made his payments. It does not eligible for a pension. By resigning or order· that a man on his deathbed might cost the Government any more than if being removed, either voluntarily or in­ not marry for the purpose of giving a he made his deposits, except that without voluntarily, he can withdraw all his woman a pension. I think that is un­ this amendment, in the case of a person money; and by reinstatement for as doubtedly the reason for the language. who did not make the deposit, the Gov­ little as 1 day he can become eligible for Unless there were a time limit_such a ernment would not put up anything. a pension based upon his . entire length situation may be open to serious abuse. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, · will the of service. That was one of my objec­ Mr. COOPER. It seems to me that Senator yield? tions- with respect to the bill in the be­ only in rare cases would a marriage oc­ Mr. TAFT. I yield. ginning. That provision was eliminated cur for such a reason. There would be Mr. BYRD. Suppose an employee had in the original so-called Taft substitute, greater possibility that a deserving widow not made a deposit for 10 years, and but this amendment now proposed would who had married within 5 years before then made a deposit under this pro­ restore the provision. I think the Sen­ the death of l:ler husband would be de­ vision. This provision would give him ator from Ohio will agree with me. prived of the r.dvantages of the survivor­ an advantage, as contrasted with other Mr: TAFT. Yes. Unless this prov·i­ ship provision. employees by reason of the contribution sion goes into the bill we shall be Mr. TAFT. If she had a child, that by the Government. changing the existing law. provision would be waived, and she would Mr. TAFT. Anyone who has been able I should like to have the Senator cite receive the pension. If she had been to come into the system and has not a case in which he thinks this provision married only" a short time, and her hus­ elected to come in, cannot get in now, as would give a person an undue advantage band died, ·presumably she would be just I understand. · over someone who has been in the sys­ as well off as before she was married, just Mr. BYRD. In previous years there · tem all along. as able to work again, and possibly just was a smaller deposit, and in some previ­ Mr. WILLIAMS. One case I shall cite as able to marry again. ous years no deposit was required. As I is a ·case which was described in the Mr. COOP.ER. The Senator has placed understand, under this provision a per­ Washington Daily News of December 10, this provision in his amendment to meet Gon who did not make any deposit would · 1947, in an article written b~· Mr. John abuses which he assumes might occur. get the benefit of the Government con­ Cramer. In that article he referred to It seems to me that it is more likely the tribution, which would give him an un­ the case of a Mr. Geoffrey May, a Gov­ provision will work a hardship upon fair advantage over employees who made ernment employee who had been work­ many surviving widows who need and de­ the deposit. . ing with the Bureau of the Budget for serve benefits and who did not marry for Mr. TAFT. I do not understand that about 14 years. The article states-and the purpose of securing benefits. a person who failed to elect to come in this was later confirmed-that he had Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I think I can come in at this time. The provi­ decided to leave the Government serv­ have covered the main features of the sion covers only cases of new employees. ice. . I understand that he is now em­ bill, as proposed to be amended by the Mr. BYRD. The language is: played by the Government in the Greek substitute, except for the matter of the Notwithstanding the failure of an officer relief program. Mr. May, with the amendment which is now pending. or employee to make such deposit, credit knowledge and consent of Mr. Flemming The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ shall• be allowed for the service rendered, but and Mr. Irons, of the Civil Service Com­ pore. The question is on agreeing to the the annuity of such employee shall be re­ mission, arranged a deal whereby he amendment offered by the Senator from duced by an amount equal to the amount would be employed by the Federal Se­ North Dakota [Mr. LANGER] on behalf of of annuity such deposit would purchase if curity Agency on a newly created job the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT]. made, . unless the officer or employee shaH which was to last for 45 days, at the end elect to eliminate such service entirely from of which the job was abolished as pre­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I wish to credit under this act. state the question involved in the amend­ arranged, making Mr. May eligible un­ ment. W.ben the bill was drafted I did Mr. TAFT. That is correct. It is ex- · der the involuntary separation provision not understand the exact issue raised in actly the same provision as that which of the act. He thereby became eligible this amendment, so it is not in the bill applies to Senators and Representatives. for a greatly increased annuity valued which was introduced day before yester­ Perhaps it is a disputable point, but any at about $9,000. He went to this job at day; but I favor the amendment. Senator or Representative who came in a salary of $10,000 a year. He paid into The amendment provides, on page. 12, during the past 2 years may refuse to the fund for 45 days. His contribution that any person may make deposits for make a deposit, and yet receive in his amounted to approximately $50 in that past service. That is tlie general purpose pension a reflection of the contribution period. He thereby increased his annu­ of section 9. A person may make deposits which the Government would make if he ity valuation $9,000 for a payment of ap­ for past service at certain percentages of made the deposit. That has been the proximately $50. I communicated with his salary plus interest, and thereby bring law for civil-service employees and for the Civil Service Retirement Division, himself into the pension system and re­ Senators and Representatives. I think and the story was confirmed. The job ceive a full pension. However, the it is a very liberal provision. was started on May 15. It was abolished present law provides that a person who As I understand, this provision would on June 30. No one seems to know what does not wish to make back payments not give any new right to any employee the man did, except that he set up his may still receive a pension based upon the that he does not have under existing law. retirement privileges during the 45 days. Government's contribution, or the con­ Mr. BYRD. It must apply to a pres­ I understand that the benefits which Mr. tribution which the Government would ent employee, because a new employee May received have since been taken have made if he had made such deposits. would automatically come under the away. I was also told that this was an In other words, a man who comes into system. isolated case, and that the same situa­ the system may pay his share, which is, Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President; will tion arose in very few cases. However, let us say, half· the cost of his pension, the Senator yield? this is not true, as I find that it has by making back payments. The Govern- Mr. TAFT. I yield. happened 6,439 times in the past 12 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 483 months. That is confirmed in a letter fectly sound. Incidentally, if it is not ber of years of service employees have under date of December 11, 1947, which sound, then it is clearly unsound with had, in addition to the salaries paid at I received, signed by Mr. Irons, of the reference to Representatives and Sena• that time. The Government will not Civil Service Commission, in which he tors who have been covered into the sys. pay any more whether an employee pays stated that there had been 6,439 such tem. I do not know of any private com· or does not .pay in his deductions. If he cases during the past 12 months. I asked pany which establishes a pension system paid during that time he will receive a Mr. Irons to pull from their files for me which does not base its pension at the larger pension, and he receives the value copies of the first 50 cases of persons re­ beginning on a certain number of years' of the money which he may deposit tired during the month of March, as well service to which neither the employee later. The Government does not pay as 50 who retired under that provision nor the employer contributes. any more. The Government simply during the month of October. I took Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, there is no recognizes the fact that a man who has those 2 months, and the first 50 names question at all that the Representatives worked for the Government for a cer­ in each month, in order to obtain a cross­ and Senators have a special privilege tain number of years is entitled to a section. I have the names of those re­ given them in the law. I happened to be pension. There are some features of tired under that provision. the one who offered an amendment to this system that are perhaps too lib­ To illustrate some of the extreme strike that out, and it received 20 votes eral, but I do not think that principle cases, I have the name of Mr. George out of 96. is wrong. I think that when we begin · W. Bunce. The total amount of his con­ Consider, for example, a man who has a pension system and someone comes tribution was $116.11 for his entire period served 20 years in the legislative branch under its provisions because of the pas­ of service. He is now on retirement at an of the Congress, as a clerk to a commit­ sage of a new law, it is fair that the annuity of $409.56. The total value of tee, during which time there was no ap­ Government should give a man a pen­ his annuity is $1J,109. plicable retirement plan. There was no sion based on the number of years of Mr. TAFT. How long did he work for assessment made. That man can go to his employment, whether or not he is the Government? one of the departments of the Govern­ able to pay up the back payments. Mr. WILLIAMS. Sixteen years and ment and receive temporary employment Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, will 10 months. His age is 55. He is retired and, by paying 5 percent of his salary for the Senator yield? under a redt~ced annuity. He was in the 1 year, can receive retirement pay for the Mr. TAFT. I yield. system only long enough tp pay $116.11, rest of his life. Mr. WILLIAMS. The Senator from based upon an average salary of $4,155. Mr. TAFT. I understand it has to be Ohio followed the particular case which That means that he was in the system based upon permanent appointment, not I cited, that of a man who had 34 years for only 2 or 3 months. He is now re­ temporary appointment. of service. This particular gentleman, tired; and, according to the life-expect­ Mr. BYRD. I happen to know of some Mr. George J. Barber, who was the ancy tables of the Civil Service Commis­ appointments which were not permanent. twenty-fifth man who retired during the sion, there will be payments for nearly Mr. TAFT. That may have been the month of March 1947, under the involun­ 20 years, amounting to a total of $8,109. fact in the past. I do not think tem­ tary separation clause, held a position Another case is that of James M. Bed­ porary appointments are covered by the with the Government to the extent that ford, who worked for the Government for plan at all. he had been a substitute mail driver, I 12 years and 10 months. Mr. Bedford Mr. BYRD. It is possible for a man to have been informed, for approximately has $72.86 in the fund. He is on retire­ hold .a position for 6 months or a year 30 years, and also held an independent ment, and at the age of 56 years and 11 and pay in 5 percent of his salary andre­ job with a private industry. He drove months he has a paid-up retirement ceive a life pension based on 20 . years the mail only on occasions when the regu­ worth $4,640.24. service in some other branch of the lar mail driver was absent. He was Another case is that of Mr. George J. Government. blanketed in and retired on an an­ Barber. Mr. Barber worked for 34 years Mr. TAFT. Every :t:ension system es­ nuity, nothwithstanding the fact that and 2 months. He was blanketed into tablished today gives some credit for for 30 years he had worked in private the system in 1942. Mr. Barber has paid past service and contributes gradually a industry. The Senator from Ohio a total of $138.18 into the fund. sum to bring-· up the necessary amount. seems to think he was entitled to it. Nearly every industry has done that. The value of the annUity to be received Mr. TAFT. Let us take the case of a There is no particular reason why the man who worked 34 years and 2 months under the present law is $17,850.60, Government should not add its share. for a payment of only $138.18. The and finally, for one reason or another. It is not giving an employee any more a law was passed placing him under the law passed in 1942 made that pos­ than he would receive if he had paid sible. The examples I have cited may act and providing for compulsory deduc­ up all of his deductions all those years. tions thereafter from his salary. The He receives the same amount which he be extreme cases, but there is not one Government will add its share of his pen­ would have received from the Govern­ of them in which the Government has sion, covering 34 years. I do not know ment if he had paid those deductions. not been "taken for a ride." The total why it should not do so, even though he That is the only difference. amount of deductions from the salaries does not have the money to pay back a Mr. BYRD. Suppose the salary were of these 100 employees sampled amount­ number of thousands of dollars which $3,000. He would pay in 5 percent. ed to $69,394.96, and the amount of the he might have paid year by year if he That would amount to $150, He could accrued liability of the Government re­ had been covered by a retirement plan then obtain a pension for his service, quired to pay their retirement pensions at the beginning of the 34 years. This including all of his service in any other for the duration of their lives is $501,- pension is an addition. The Govern­ agency of the Government where there 607.33. ment is saying, "If a man has worked was no retirement system at that time. The Ramspeck Act was passed on the for the Government for many years we Consecutive ·service is one of the main assumption that it would cost the Gov­ will recognize that fact and give him a factors in the determination of the ernment very little. I have no objection certain amount which will be in addition· amount of retirement. to the Government's paying retirement to his salary." To the extent that he Mr. TAFT. I suppose that any private benfits to employees based upon service, himself has paid money into it it adds employer is faced with the necessity of but I do not see any reason why we to the amount of this Government gift. paying a man a pension, although that should pass a law :Providing for the pay­ It is true that various persons have been man contributes nothing. Every em­ ment of benefits for which the employees covered in. Sometimes they were not ployer today thinks he has a moral ob­ make no contribution. subject to the system. Of course no one ligation to take care of people who have According to the Department of Com­ was subject to it at one time. Groups worked for him a long time. I see noth­ merce there are 10,000,000 persons in of persons have been added in, and the ing wrong with the theory that the Gov­ this country over the age of 60 years. I Government took care of their past serv­ ernment contribute, out of the Govern­ do not see why we should give a special ice also. There may be some abuses, ment's pocket, if you please, a certain privilege just because a person is fortu­ but I think the principle of it is per- amount for pensions based on the num- nate to have a Government job for as 484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 short a time as 1 week. The Senator tion that he has a permanent appoint­ to which I have referred, containing the from Ohio says that we cannot give ben­ ment, and then can separate from the figures which I have cited. efits under a temporary appointment. service, and be eligible for such benefits. There being no objection, the list was But the law says that a man can work I ask unanimous consent to have print· ordered to be printed in the RECORD. Rc: as short a time as 1 week on the assump- ed in the RECORD the list of the 100 cases follows: Analysis of 100 involuntary separation annuities

FIRST 50 AWARDED DURING MARCH 1947

Service Age at commenc· . I T~tal of Present law H. R. 4127 ing annuity Average Amount Annuity lYea~s of _uc_ annut~Y to be annuity at 62 annuity at 62 Annuitant salary contributed awarded t X expect - recCJved if voluntary if voluntary to fund ancy unde~a~esent separation 1 separation 1 Years Months Years Months ------1----1------1-----1------1------5 li ~~ ------9- $1, 800.00 $471.72 $216.72 11.94 M ~2. 587.63 ~202. E6 ~232. 91 ~: ~~e~i!· Jlfi~~:~======8 7 2, GOO. 00 893.32 282.00 16.49 M 4, 650.18 332.52 416.67 3. Lewis H. Holliday------5 11 [;5 3 1, 850.00 ~70. 05 135.48 19.62 M 2, 658. 11 228.48 205.29 4. James M . Bedford ______12 10 EG 11 700.00 72.86 251.64 18.44 M 4, 640.24 391.04 227.33 5. Rafael A. Gandia ______5 1 55 3 1, 300.00 259. 19 101.04 19.62 M 1, 982. 40 171 . .50 166.08 6. William Girard ______6 10 '55 ------1, 600.00 354. 24 154.20 19. 80 M 3, 053. 16 240. 96 281.45 7. P eter Wagner______19 1 58 2 I, 592. 29 1, 150. 14 545.76 17.57 M 9, 586.98 672. 48 761.23 8. May A. Gartland ______5 2 55 4 1, 554.17 333.10 124.44 22.51 F 2,801.14 188.04 209.46 9. Wm. F . Emerson ______7 2 t6 8 2, 400.00 708.79 187.20 18.62 M 3, 485.66 282. S6 351.17 10. Lonnie Riley ______17 7 55 0 2, 100.00 408.30 382. 56 19.80 M 7, 574.78 570.48 685.' 55 11. Willis E. Hackley______18 7 fj6 10 2, 000.00 1, 580.93 486.12 18.50 M 8, 993. 22 703. 56 796.00 12. Albert I. D ecker______6 0 70 ------2, 605.00 652. 39 243.00 10.28 M 2, 498.04 243.00 301.26 13. S. May Allrn ______12 5 62 ------2, 100.00 . !)99.17 .505. 68 17.68 F 8, 940.42 443. 52 579.73 14. Dayton D. Beverage ______(j 3 59 10 1, 100.00 233. 75 170. 52 16.44 M 2, 803.34 207.48 225.00 15. John J. MenottL.------5 4 55 6 1, 700.00 238.58 127. 32 19.44 M 2, 486.10 204.00 234.83 16. Bernhard Lawrence ______5 9 67 ------?, 600.00 676.49 230.52 11.94 M 2, 752.40 230. 52 293.00 17. Thomas A. Crawford ______18 3 3, 253. 75 556. 57 488.64 18.38 M 8, 981. 20 585.48 777.19 18. Daniel F. Sullivan ______57 ------­ 13 1 ()0 ------2, 281. 46 373. 65 387.24 16.32 M 6, 319. 75 m .48 429. 68 19. Hugh J. Carr ______6 1 3, 211.52 632.18 288.12 15.00 M 4, 321.80 243.48 347.42 20. George W. Bunce ______62 ------16 10 55 ------4, 155. co 116. 11 409. 56 19.80 M 8, 109. 28 503. 04 712.62 21. Frank J. Coombes ______9 .6 1, 750. 00 376.98 373.08 11.94 M 4, 454. 57 315. GO 364.17 22. Millard Markland ______67 ------13 8 68 ------1, .522. 07 445.71 520.08 11. 38 M 5, 918. 51 441. 00 549. 67 23. Gustave RummelL ______6 7 56 2, 500.00 605.98 163. 20 18.79 M 3, 066. 52 256.48 303.52 24. Orner M. RichleY------5 3 59 2, 000.00 448. 19 167. 40 16.66 M 2, 788.88 192. 50 222.25 25. George J . Barber. ______24 2 2, 000.00 138.18 1, 190.04 15.00 M 17,850.60 914.04 1, 035. 75 26. George W. Rogers ______.______62 ------5 0 62 ------1, 862.88 416. 16 198.00 15.00 M 2, 970.00 185.00 211.90 27. PaulK. T. Kirk ______5 4 55 2, 300.00 546. 51 126.24 19.50 M 2, 461. 68 212. 00 259.09 28. Frederick S. Nyham ------5 8 55 1, 800. 00 384. 07 134. 28 19.44 M 2, 610. 40 211.00 220.33 29. Thomas J. Shea______5 0 64 2, 296. 23 541.74 207. 00 13.74 M 2, 844. 18 204.00 231.69 30. Clinton D. Crouch ______13 5 64 ------1, 800.00 529. 13 533.64 1~. 74 M 7, 332. 21 457. 50 422.68 31. David W. M yers ______5 10 58 3 2, 650.00 720.39 183.72 17.51 M 3, 216. !)3 246.00 301.17 32. Frank J. McCarthY------10 2 57 7 2, 600.00 805. 47 :282.00 17.98 M 5, 070. S6 372.00 .502.82 33. Barco ewcomb ______12 2 67 4, 812. 73 '1,135. 44 836. 52 11.94 M 9, 988.04 558.00 889.75 34. Camille C . Malmgren ______17 1 62 2, 698.33 1, 200. 64 683. 28 16.99 F 11,608. 92 605. 50 888.00 35. George P. Thompson ______8 11 57 2, 887.79 584. 66 213.00 18.38 M 3, 914. £4 311.50 350.94 36. James E . Wilson ______8 2 77 1, 517. 53 242. 76 293. 16 6.97 M 2, 043.32 275. 23 209.38 37. Mary W. Pearson ______8 2 57 8 1, 262. 70 28.57 231.96 20.78 F 4, 820. 12 231. g(j 234.18 38. Thad Enns ______9 2 55 1, 555.05 109. 52 180.36 19.80 M 3, 571. 12 281.00 207.12 39. Elmer E . Linn .~ ------8 5 71 1, 673. 57 153.01 335. 76 9. 76 M 3, 277. 01 267. 50 349.14 40. Chester E. Colerane ______:20 11 66 1, 666. 39 433.29 846.60 12.53 M 10,607.89 676. 50 871.38 41. Robert P. Halland ______5 8 62 2, 600.00 705.65 230.00 15.00M 3, 450.00 230. 00 288.84 42. Francesco D. Amico. __ ------6 1 56 1, 737. 41 401.40 152.88 18.79 M 2, 872.61 218. 50 257. 76 43. Francisco Revera ______5 10 56 2, 600. 00 681.33 156.24 18.62 M 2, 909. 18 235. 00 297.00 44. Nettie K. BlundelL ______16 10 55 2,100. 00 1, 172. 33 402.24 22.76 F 9,154. 98 604.00 730.06 45. Leon S. Maue ______6 0 56 2 1, 700. 00 377. 29 148.08 18.97 M 2, 809.07 216. 00 254.00 46. Oscar Williams ______5 10 65 1, 642. 65 365. 98 229. 32 13.13 M 3, 010. 97 204.00 216.67 47. Lucius Charles______~ --- 5 7 55 10 1, 700. 00 204.97 123. 72 19.20 M 2, 375. 42 187. 50 193. 33 48. William P. Burke ______6 11 57 5 2, 300. 00 592.80 188. 52 18.09 M 3, 410.32 259. 50 342.23 49. Alexander E. Lenczer ______5 11 67 2, 000. 00 391.52 244.68 11.94 M 2, 923.45 216. 50 277.55 50. Patrick M. MurphY------.------5 2 69 1, 600.00 374.79 210.60 10. 82M . 2, 278.69 197.00 203.34

FIRST 50 AWARDED DURING OCTOBER 1947

51. Otto Wagner ______------5 6 55 ______.. $2,695.21 $1,735.71 $140.40 19.80 M $2,879.92 $245.04 $285.7 2 52. Mary V. Kilgallon ______14 6 64 ------1, 800.00 482.71 538.92 16.32 F 8, 795. 17 462.00 430.6 9 53. Gilbert K. Johnson ______11 8 68 ...... 3, 000.00 347.79 377. 04 11.38M 4, 290.71 341.04 397.9 2 54. Gustave A. Almquist ______6 2 63 ------8- 2;000. 00 468.78 242.76 14.36 M 3, 486.03 221.04 250.3 6 55. Harry L. Cash ______20 4 55 2, 765.94 656. 87 400.68 19.32 M 7, 741. 13 662.04 785.3 3 56. Van L. White------8 3 62 ------2, 200. 00 594.06 327.96 15.00 M 4, 914.40 290.52 396.3 3 57. Benjamin S. Thomas ______6 5 55 ------2, 400.00 544. 22 147.12 19.80 M 2, 912.97 244. 56 311.3 3 58. Michael J. Moloney ______12 4 70 ------4, 756. 50 1, 973.10 838. 03 10.28 M 8, 615. 46 5GO. 04 894.90 59. Ludwig SaaL _------22 0 67 ------1, 800. 00 699.00 879. 96 11.94M 10,506.72 717.96 980.1 0 60. 5 0 64 ------3, 088.42 768.74 220. 56 13. 84 M 3, 030.49 213. 00 279.40 61. i~~; s~~~~t-~~~======12 0 62 ------2,100. 00 573.20 464.04 15.00 M 6, 960.60 400.00 476.6 2 62. Timothy J. O'Neil.•... -- ~ ------8 3 70 ------1, 756. 12 431.55 330.00 10.28 M 3, 392.40 206.48 355.1 2 63. lrvin A. Shifter ______6 0 66 2, 100.00 527. 94 237. 95 12.53 M 2, 981. 51 227.00 64. Earl G. Arnold ______------260.4 3 11 8 64 ------1, 780.00 750. 33 478.68 13.74 M 6, 577.06 425.00 498. 8 7 65. Harry E. Clark ______5 1 66 ------2, 347.00 569. 31 203. 28 12. 53 M 2, 547.09 200.52 245.6 8 66. Annie L. CaldwelL ______11 10 56 11 2, 300.00 892. 61 323.16 21.33 'F 6, 89il. 00 429.00 561.1 4 67. Glenn H. Shaw·------5 0 65 . 1, 800.00 435.64 209.04 13.13 M 2; 744.69 197.00 216.9 5 68. Edward M. Tetreault.. ______5 11 63 ------...... 2, 500.00 610.64 232.68 14.36 M 3, 341. 28 229.48 286.0 Charles F . UhL ______0 69. 9 8 76 7, 525.04 2, 087.49 879.24 7.39 M 6, 497. ~:s 523. 24 928.0 5 70. Joseph L. Wall ______------. 412.00 Ole M. Axness ______12 0 57 1 2, 100.00 506.92 290.40 18.33 M 5, 323.03 378.29 71. 9 10 67 2, 716. 69 1, 011. 25 393.36 11.94 M 4, 696.71 389.04 513.0 0 72. J. C . P enderg:tst. ______5 7 ------· 2, 200.00 •544. 48 222.48 9. 26 M 2, OGO.l6 222.48 252. 73. Albert I. Oien ______n ------GO 5 0 66 ------2,100. 00 514.34 200.04 12.53 M 2. 506. 50 198.00 229.8 0 74. Robert A. Davis ______5 3 62 ------1, 755. 95 426.47 278.04 15.00 M 4, 170.60 261.48 233.4 4 75. Vi!!'go L . .Yepsen ______5 1 63 5, 548.80 1, 464. 54 426.00 14.36 M 6,117.36 293. 52 423.08 76. John P. Rinn ______------8- 2, 000.00 487.74 187.44 17.22 M 3, 227. 71 231.96 77. Rufus C. Allen ______6 0 58 272.0 4 28 3 55 2,882. 34 2, 264.58 683.88 19.80 M 13, 540.82 1, 104. 56 1, fi16. 24 78. Fred H. Mund ______12 11 60 ·------6 3, 829.73 1, 024.10 533.52 15.99 M 8, 530.98 457. 56 626.9 79. Eben H. Andrews ______3 17 1 55 ------5- 2, 600.00 1, 572.20 390.00 19.80 M 7, 722.00 662.50 856.67 80. Winfred W. BradburY------10 0 56 2, 300. 00 608.57 250.80 18.79 M 4, 712.53 360.00 480.0 0 81. Edward W. Blood •• ------6 1 57 2 2,800. 00 686.20 172.80 18.27 M 3,157. 05 252.48 304.8 5 82. Philip Willett.. ______5 5 56 9 1, 750.00 378.47 140.64 18.56 M 2, 610. 27 198.48 230.21 83. Richard J. Carter------5 6 60 4 2, 300.00 611. 05 197.28 16.10 M 3, 176.2.0 225.00 265.88 84. Charles E. Leach ______6 6 5.5 7, 027.25 1, 831.66 378.60 19.80 M 7, 496.28 374.04 685.1 Alexander D. Larson______------6 85. 12 0 64 ------2, 920. 14 761.70 462.60 13.74 M 6, 356.12 420.00 487. 90 86. Jett H. Davidson __ ------6 3 55 ...... 2,000. 00 478.99 147.00 19.80 M 2, 910.60 239. 52 279.6 2 1 Annuity reduced according to outstanding deposits or redeposits, j,f_ any. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 485 Analysts of 100 involuntary separation annuities-Continued FiRST 50 AWARDED DURING OCTOBER 1947---:COntinued

Service Age at commenc­ Total of Present law H. R. 4127 ing annuity Average .Amount Annuity IYears of life IannuiJ:Y to be ann~ity at 62 annuity at 62 Annuitant salary contributed awarded 1 X expect- = received if voluntary if voluntary to fund ancy unde~a~esent separation 1 separation 1 Years Months Years Months

87. Charles M. Rittman ______18 7 65 2,600. 00 1,383. 52 423.84 19.80 M 8,392. 03 696.48 947.75 88. Charles T. Hoist------6 1 65 1,800. 00 445. 39 224.28 13.13 M 2,944. 79 211. 56 221. 02 89. Tom D. White------11 7 69 1, 750. 00 370.36 449.28 10.82 M 4, 861. 20 380.52 310.60 90. William J. Dolan------7 4 70 1, 700.00 1,866.03 293.28 10.28 M 3, 014.91 264.00 308. 00 91. Cyrus E . Eubanks------8 7 55 ------8- 2,300. 00 703. 35 196.44 19.80 M 3, 889. 51 325. 56 412.00 92. Alice L . He me _ ------~------7 11 55 1, 800.00 502.65 199.32 22.26 F 4, 436. 86 291.48 325.83 93. Claude J. Hinman_------7 5 62 ------6- 2, 500.00 414.47 302.64 15.00 M 4, 539.60 264. 48 355.41 94. W alter M . .Adams_------13 0 60 3, 229.54 1, 517.34 526.32 15.99 M 8, 415. 85 512.04 732. 24 95. H erbert G. Gortner ------10 11 79 2, 910. 94 761.47 408.96 6. 17 M 2, 523.28 408. 96 455. 28 96. Charles A. T errY------16 8 64 2, 831.53 721.86 574.20 13.74 M 7,889. 50 559. 00 640. 58 97. William C. O'Hara ______12 Carl A. H anson______0 61 1 2,859. 72 750. 86 405.12 15.60 M 6, 319. 87 411. 00 48!1. 70 98. 6 0 57 11 1, 700.00 1, 211.68 204.36 17:74 M 3, 625.34 259.00 273.95 99. Roy C. Loucks.------5 0 68 1, 650.00 417.03 198.00 11.38 M 2, 253.24 191.00 206.50 100. M artin Sweitzer_------11 --8 59 6 2, 300.00 544.72 374.16 16.66 M 6, 233.50 397.00 541.18 Total, 100 cases------69,394.96 32,878.83 ------601,607.33 35,107.95 43,007.27

1 Annuity reduced according to outstanding deposits or redeposits, if any. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. TAFT. That is to say, Represent­ pore. The question is on agreeing to the . pore. The clerk will state the amend­ atives and Senators who have taken ad­ amendment offered by the Senator from ment offered by the Senator from Dela­ vantage of the option under which they Ohio [Mr. TAFT]. ware to the amendment of the Senator pay nothing into the fund but simply Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I send from Ohio to his amendment in the na­ come under the act and receive the bene­ to the desk at this time an amendment ture of a substitute: fit of the Government's payments for which I offer as a substitute to the Sen­ The CHIEF CLERK. On page 22, after their past years of service, will have that ator's amendment and ask that it be the section number in line 21, it is pro­ option canceled, and hereafter they will agreed to. This amendment provides posed to insert " ." have to make all payments for past that Members of Congress shall make On page 22, after the comma in line years of service. Is that correct? contributions before becoming eligible to 22, insert the following: "and except as Mr. WILLIAMS. No, Mr. President. receive retirement benefits. I see no rea­ provided in this section." As I understand this amendment; it does son at all why a Member of Congress On page 23, after line 3, insert a new not affect any Member of Congress who should expect a retirement benefit from subsection as follows: has retired during the past 12 months the Government for services which he (b) Paragraph (5) of section SA of such under the act as it was passed . . renders in Washington during any period act of May 29, 1930, as amended, is amended Mr. TAFT. But I have in mind Mem­ in which he contributes nothing to the by adding at the end thereof a new sentence bers who are now serving in the Con­ fund. as follows: "In computing years of service gress. I ask that the amendment which I for the purpose of this paragraph, there shall Mr. WILLIAMS. It is my intention, offer, making it mandatory that every be excluded all periods of service for which if this amendment to the amendment in no deductions have been made as provided Member of Congress, in order to receive in paragraph (2) and no deposit shall have the nature of a substitute is adopted, the benefits of the fund, shall be required been made as provided in section 9." that every Member of Congress now serv­ to pay contributions into it, be agreed to. Ing will pay into the fund in the same The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I withdraw manner that all other Government em­ pore. The Chair will advise the Senator my amendment to my amendment in the ployees are required to pay into the from Delaware that the Chair has been nature of a ·substitute, in order that the fund. informed that the amendment which the Senator from Delaware may first offer Mr. TAFT. I do not think the Senator Senator wishes to offer at this time is not his amendment to my amendment in from Delaware has so drafted his amend­ in order, for the reason that it is an the nature of a substitute. ment. As I· read it, I do not think it is amendment in the third degree to the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ retroactive. It seems to me that those amendment which has been offered by pore. Without objection, the amend­ now serving, who have already made the the Senator from Ohio, which must first ment of the Senator from Ohio to his election, would not be affected. be disposed of. own amendment in the nature of a sub­ Mr. WILLIAMS. I am advised that Mr. WILLIAMS. Would it be in order stitute is withdrawn. my amendment will apply to all Members · to move to substitute my amendment in The question now is on agreeing to the of Congress who now are serving, and it place of the amendment offered by the amendment of the Senator from Dela­ will apply to all annuities which are com­ Senator from Ohio? ware to the so-called Taft amendment in puted after the date of the enactment of The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the nature of a substitute. this measure. pore. The Chair is informed that the Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, this Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I myself same objection would be applicable to the amendment merely provides that Mem­ feel that Representatives and .Senators Senator's last request. bers of Congress shall be treated in ex­ should be treated in exactly the same Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I ask unan­ actly the same manner as it is proposed manner as other persons who have be­ imous consent that the rule may be that all other Government employees latedly come under the Retirement Act waived, and that the amendment of the shall be treated under the so-called Taft for some particular reason. I myself be­ Senator from Delaware may be offered as substitute-for instance, employees mak­ lieve that this amendment to the Taft a substitute for the -amendment to my amendment, in the nature of a substitute, amendment in the nature of a substitute. ing as little as $1,000, or $1,200 a year. In other words, all will pay into the should be rejected, and that my amend­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ment to the Taft amendment should be pore. Without objection, it is so or­ fund, or else they will not participate. adopted. If that is done, Members of dered. If the Senator from Delaware I ask that my amendment to the Taft Congress will be on the same basis as will send to the desk his amendment to amendment in the nature of a substitute other Government employees. the amendment of the Senator from be adopted. Of course, the present congressional Ohio to his amendment in the nature of Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I should pension system provides that a Repre­ a substitute, it will be read by the clerk. like to ask the Senator from Delaware sentative or Senator who has served for Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I a question. Ill the first place, is . the 30 years, let us say, may come into the send my amendment to the desk and ask amendment retroactive? system and may pay nothing, and yet that it be stated. Mr. Wll..LIAMS. It is. he will receive from the Government its 486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 contribution for those 30 years. Of So I think the amendment offered by then it seems to me the principle I am course, he wm receive a smaller pension the Senator from Delaware to the Taft advocating should apply. I had rather in that way, as compared to the pension · substitute should be rejected, and that understood that was the objection at the he would receive lf he made the back · my amendment to my substitute should present time. payments on his part for the 30-year be adopted. Then all Government em­ Mr. WILLIAMS. As I understand the period. ployees will be treated on the same basis. present law, every time a man accepts As I .have said before, when a pension The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The a new job with the Government, he is fund is established and when someone question is on agreeing to the amend­ eligible to come under the retirement who has not been subject to it and could ment of the Senator · from Delaware to funct. in the legislative branch, if he not be subject to it and had no right to the Taft amendment in the nature of a does· elect to go under the retirement come into it is brought under it by law substitute. system at that time, he is credited with or in some other way, it seems to me to be Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, as I under­ all the years of his prior service with a perfectly sound principle that he shall stood the reading of the amendment of the Government, regardless of whether not have to make up all those back pay­ the Senator from Delaware, it would he made contributions to the fund during ments which he would have made if he serve the purpose of seeing to it that those years, although if he has not made had been a member of the fund. If he· as of the present and in the future no such contributions he will be paid a pen­ has had that length of service, it seems person shall draw any retirement annu­ sion under a reduced formula. to me that the Government should ·be ity benefits from the Government unless But I say that no one is entitled to a willing to contribute the same amount he has contributed his proportionate pension unless .he has paid for it. If I that it would contribute if he did make share of those benefits.· come to the Congress and serve for a the back payments. In that way there_ Mr. TAFT. Unle~s such Government certain period of time and dO- not make .will be no special advantage to him, ex­ employees had contributed for all their . payments to the retirement fund, ~er­ cept that he will be spared tbe very dif­ years of service, beginning with the date tatnly I am not thereafter entitled to ficult job of making all past payments or of the original employment, thus picking receive a pension based on such service deposits. up payments which they could not have when I attain the age of 62. That is Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, prior made prior thereto, during many years particularly true when it is proposed ih to the adoption of the retirement syste·m of service with the Government. the bill new before us to grant that ex­ for Members of Congress,· there were no Mr. CAIN. That is not my interpre­ emption to Members of Congress only deductions, and they were not proposed. tation of the intention of the amendment and not to extend it to the rest of the But .when the bill was passed and went of the Senator from Delaware. I think people. What will be done later on·the into effect; I could not find in the RECORD we must clear up that point before we · Senator--'s amendment· is a matter to be · anything to show that any Member of shall be able to know precisely what the discussed, but the bill as now before the Congress objected to having the Govern- · amendment is intended to achieve. I Senate proposes that everybody in the ment make its portion of the payments ~ should like--to ask that question of the· Governme!lt service ·except Members of for his past years of service. Senator from Delaware. Congress shall· pay into the fund. I ask The bill as now before us for discus­ · Mr. WIL'LIAMS: It is the purpose of that my amendment be adopted. sion provides that every civilian em­ my amendment to. the Taft substitute Mr. TAFI'. Mr. President, payment of ployee of the Government shall make to provide that any Member of Con­ this deductiOn on the part of employees back payments into the fund. So I do gress who in the future goes on retire·· is not optional except in the legislative riot see why we Members of Congress ment must first have paid into the retire­ branch. In other words, the question should consider ourselves privileged' offi­ ment fund his deductions for all years· does not really arise, except that the Sen­ cials to the extent that we dQ not have which he wishes to have included in cal­ ator has pointed out one possible loop­ to pay for all retirement benefits we cp.lating the amount of his pension. In hole. It is apparently true that if some­ receive. other words, if a Member of Congress body in the legislative service who has Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I fully served for 6 years in the Congress and the right to elect to go in or not to go in, agree with the Senator from Delaware during that time made payments into a right not shared by others, should elect . that Members of Congress should have the fund, and if thereafter he served not to go in, then if he obtains a job in no advantage over anyone else in Gov­ six other years for which he did not make the civil service he apparently may, as ernment service, and that is one reason payments into the fund, he would have the Senator points out, pay nothing in, why I presented my amendment, because to make his payments for the 6 years pick up his past years' service, and go on apparently we were taking away from the for which he had not made payments, with the pension. I should be perfectly ordinary civil-service employees the or else he would not be able to receive willing to modify the bill to provide that rights they had had, and which we had credit under the retirement or pension anyone who has had the optional right given to Members of Congress last year fund, except for those years for which to pay in or not to pay in, and who or the year before. I thought we should contributions had been made.· chooses not to go in, shall not thereafter restore that right. In other words, in my own case, if I have the right to go in, if he becomes an I see no reason why the Government, served 6 years as a Senator and during administrative employee. I think some in setting up the pension system, should that time did not make payments into such an amendment as that might be not assume a liability for all the years the retirement fund, I would receive appropriate, but I think the general of service on the part of such a Govern­ nothing. On the other hand, after serv­ principle that a man who has not been ment employee, regardless of whether he ing those 6 years and making no pay­ able to pay because the law did not has made payments. Of course, if he ments, I perhaps could get a job in a permit him to pay, should not be required h.as made the payments, he will receive a Senator's office and could serve the Gov­ to go back and pay at a future time in larger pension or annuity. If he has not ernment in that way over a brief period order to take advantage of the Govern- made payments, under the amendment of time, and during that tiine could make ment's share of his pension. · he would receive from the Government a few payments, and thus I would receive Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I differ the same amount of Government con­ a pension for the rest of my life. with the Senator from Ohio to this ex­ tribution that he would have received if Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I am not tent: In my opinion, the Government has he had made payments on his own part able to say whether the Senator from no . obligation to Nlembers of Congress and, to match them, had received pay­ Delaware is accurate in that statement dating back prior to the enactment of the ments by the Government on its part. or not. But certainly I would not ob­ retirement legislation, as incorporated in If we recognize the principle of having ject to a provision that if a man had been the Reorganization Act. That act pro­ salaries based on the number of years of able to make s:uch payments, but elected vides that the Government give credit service, I do not see why we should not not to join the fund, he could not· later for the number of years which a Mem­ recognize that same principle as applied join the fund, even in some other ca­ ber of Congress has served, and pay into to pensions based on the number of years pacity. To such a provision I would be the fund the Government's share with­ of service, regardless of · whether the entirely agreeable. But U that person out · requiring that Congressman pay employee has made payments on his own had been in a position in which he was anything for those years antedating the part, at least insofar as payments by the not eligible to join the fund, and under act. I say this is inequitable and unfair Government are concerned. which he had no way of joining the fund, to the other employees who are denied 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 487 this advantage under the present pro­ Thereupon to make such de­ ware to the amendment in the nature of Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I want to posit, credit shall be allowed for the serv­ a substitute. modify my amendment before I offer it ice rendered, but the annuity of such Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, the again, and if there are other amend­ employee shall be reduced by an amount ments to be offered, I would suggest that amendment merely provides that in the equal to the amount of annuity such de­ cases of all of those who are now out of they be submitted, and that we then pro­ posit would purchase if made, unless the ceed with this amendment. Government service, or have an accumu­ officer or employee shall elect to elimi­ lated equity in the retirement fund, such Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, w111 nate such service entirely from credit the Senator from Ohio yield for a ques­ equity will be figured from the formula under this act." of the new act and not from the formula tion at this point? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Mr. TAFT. I yield. of the old act. question is on the amendment offered Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the Mr. HOLLAND. When the able Sen­ by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] ator was discussing the features · of his Senator again please explain the pur­ to the amendment in the nature of a pose of the amendment? substitute bill, I was called from the substitute to the committee amendment. Chamber. I was not present when he Mr. WILLIAMS. The bill as it now The amendment to the amendment reads states that- discussed the details of his substitute was agreed to. bill which have to do with present annui­ In case any officer or employee shall have tants; that is, former Federal employees The PRESIDENT pro· tempore. The been separated subsequent to January 23, who have already been retired. I should substitute amendment offered by the 1942, and prior to effective date of this act, like to get from the Senator, if I may, Senator from Ohio is open to further and have acquired title to . annuity under information with respect to provisions amendment. section 7 of the act of May 29, 1930, as of the so-called Langer-Chavez bill, Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I offer amended, beginning after such effective date, an amendment which I send to the desk such annuity shall be computed as if this which allowed an increase, in the event act had not been enacted. of the enactment of that bill, of $300 a and ask to have stated. year to each of the present annuitants, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The What I am proposing to do is to say and also additional privileges to the amendment will be stated. that in the case of those persons who ha4 widows of present annuitants and to de­ The CHIEF CLERK. On page 17, line an equity under section 7, as the act pendents, whether those provisions are 12, it is proposed to strike out the word now stands, their annuity must be com­ altered or changed by the substitute bill "five" and insert in lieu thereof the word puted under the new formula. That offered by the Senator from Ohio. "two." merely removes from those who have Mr. LANGER. If I may answer the Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I dis­ been separated from the service on an question, I will say to the distinguished cussed this matter awhile ago with the involuntary basis the privilege of being Senator from Florida that they are all Senator from Ohio. The purpose is granted a 25-percent approximate in­ included in the substitute bill. simply to change that portion of the crease to their pension due to the fact Mr. HOLLAND. Are · the provisions section defining a "widow,'' which reads, that they were involuntarily severed. I of the substitute bill on this point identi­ "a surviving wife of an individual, might say that there are 75,800 such an­ cal with the provisions of the Langer­ who * • * shall have been married nuitants who are now waiting, who left Chavez bill? to such individual for at least 5 years the service last year, and according to the Mr. LANGER. Yes. As a matter of immediately preceding his death,'' to Civil Service Commission they were eli­ fact, they are more liberal, because the make it, "2 years immediately preced­ gible to receive an annui~y under section widow gets in at age 50 instead of 60. ing his death,'' so as to read, "a sur­ 7 of the old act upon reaching retire­ Mr. HOLLAND. I am glad to hear viving wife of an indivipual who shall ment age. I merely propose under this that. I appreciate the information. have been married to such individual for amendment that those annuities shall The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Are at least 2 years immediately preceding be computed under the new formula. his deatn." there any further amendments to the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Taft substitute? I believe that .with this change pro­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I should tection · is maintained against abuses question is on agreeing to the amendment like to take some time to amend the which the author fears, and at the same offered by the Senator from Delaware to amendment along the lines suggested time the benefits of survivorship will be the amendment in the nature of a sub­ to the Senator from Delaware, before I made available to a large class of widows stitute. offer it again. who deserve benefits, and whom the hus­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I am not The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The band would want to protect. perfectly certain of the effect of the Chair has asked for other amendments. Mr. TAFT. Recognizing the typical amendment, but I am willing to have it None seem to be available. courtesy of all Senators from Kentucky, placed in the bill and be taken to con­ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I ask I am glad to accept the amendment. ference with the House conferees and that the Senate take a recess, subject to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The there worked out. the call of the Chair. question is on agreeing to the amend­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. . The The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is ment offered by the Senator from Ken­ question is on agreeing to the amend­ there objection to the request of the tucky to the amendment in the nature of ment to the amendment. Senator from Nebraska? The Chair a substitute offered by the Senator from The amendment to the amendment hears none. Ohio. was agreed to. 488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Are Mr. WILLIAMS: Mr. President, this (e) The joint committee is empowered to there further amendments to be pre­ amendment merely proposes that any appoint and fix the compensation of such . experts, consultants, technicians, and cleri­ sented to the substitute amendment? annuitant who is now on the rolls shall cal and stenographic assistants as it deems Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I call at­ not be eligible for an increase if such necessary and advisable, but the compensa­ tention to the fact that there are 16 dif­ increase brings his pension over and tion so fixed shall not exceed the compensa­ ferent pension systems in the Federal above that which would be allowed tion prescribed under the Classification Act Government, and I express the hope that under the proposed act. It was recog­ of 1923, as amended, for comparable duties. the Post Office and Civil Service Com­ nized by some that there are bound to The committee is authorized to utilize the mittee will conduct an investigation with be inequities in the change-over under services, information, facilities, and person­ respect to that situation and make a rec­ the new bill. The amendment merely nel of the departments and establishments ommendation to the Congress. I will irons out those inequities as they arise. of the Government. name the 16 retirement systems. They In other words, a man who now receives Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, the amend­ are as follows: · an annuity will not be eligible except ment speaks for itself. I think the gen­ First, Civil-service; Panama Railroad. for that portion of the increase which eral spirit of the La Follette-Monroney Second. Canal Zone. would bring him up to the amount al­ Act was not to set up any more commit­ Third. Alaska Railroad. lowed under the new act. tees than were provided for by that act, Fourth. Foreign Service. Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I do not and that if any committees were to be Fifth. Federal Reserve. think the amendment is necessary, but proposed the proposal should come to the Sixth. Tennessee Valley Authority. I am perfectly willing to have it in­ Committee on Rules and Administration. Seventh. Comptroller of the Currency, serted in the bill. Special committees have been provided Eighth. Civilian Teachers at Naval The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The for, and the procedure is to submit the Academy. question is on agreeing to the amend­ matter to. the Committee on Rules and Ninth. District of Columbia teachers. ment to the amendment in the nature Administration. The amendment makes Tenth. District of Columbia policemen of a substitute. a proposal for the establishment of a and firemen. The amendment to the amendment joint committee; The proposal has not Eleventh. Federal judiciary. was agreed to. gone to the Committee on Rules and Ad­ Twelfth. Judiciary of Federal Terri­ Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I of­ ministration. It has never been sub­ tories and possessions. fer another amendment which I send mitted to the Post Office and Civil Serv­ Thirteenth. Construction period work­ to the desk and ask to have stated. ice Committee. I should hesitate very ers, Panama Canal. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. ·The much to set up on top of our existing Fourteenth. Canal Zone employees, amendment to the amendment will be committee structure another joint com­ disabled. stated. mittee. It is true that probably a study Fifteenth. District of Columbia judges. The GHIEF CLERK. At the end of the of the matter involved should be made. Sixteenth. Panama Railroad, disabled. bill it is proposed to insert a new sec­ The funds in question are quite numer­ It seems to me that some study should tion as follows: be made so as to consolidate, if possible, ous. However, altogether the whole 12 the various retirement systems into the SEc. -. (a) There is hereby created a funds, I understand, cover only about f% joint committee to be composed of (1) three percent of the employees, and the 98% regular system. Members of the Senate, one from the Com­ Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I percent are under the general system mittee on Post Office and Civil Service, one we have been considering. It seems to might say to the distinguished Senator from the · Committee on Finance, and one from Virginia that at the beginning of from the Committee on Appropriations, to · me it is unnecessary to set up a new joint the drafting of the bill we did consider be appointed by the President of the Sen­ committee with a new joint staff, which that subject, but the railroad men did ate, and (2) three Members of the House of would be expensive, and particularly not wish to come in. The result is we Representatives, one from the Committee without adequate consideration by the did not investigate any other systems, on Post Office and Civil Service, one from Committee on Rules and Administration the Committee on Ways and Means, and or by any standing committee of the but decided to complete the bill. I can one from the Committee on Appropriations, assure the Senator from Virginia that a to be appointed by the Speaker of the House Senate. full and complete investigation of the of Representatives. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, gen­ subject will be made at the present (b) It shall be the duty of the joint com­ erally speaking I would agree with the session of Congress. mittee to make a full and complete study Senator from Ohio as to the objections to Mr. BYRD. I thank the Senator from of all retirement systems applicable to offi­ setting· up a special committee, because North Dakota. cers and employees of the United States (in­ I think it is true that perhaps many of cluding military and naval personnel), with . Mr. LANGER. I am delighted that a view to ascertaining the extent to which these conditions could be worked out in the Senator from Virginia has called the such systems should be revised or combined, the regular Senate committees and com­ attention of the Senate and the country and to report to the Senate· and the House of mittees of the House. But the truth of to the situation. Representatives at the earliest practicable· the matter is that that has not been The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Are date the results of such study, together with done. We have before us here a major there any further amendments to be its recommendations. change in the retirement legislation. offered to the substitute amendment? (c) Vacancies in the membership of the We are trying to work it out on the floor Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, .I of­ joint committee shall not affect the power of the remaining members to execute the when it should have been worked out in fer an amendment which I send to the functions of the joint committee, and shall the committees. In order to show how desk and ask to have stated. be filled in the same mariner as in the case this retirement legislation has been The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The of the original selection . . The joint commit­ worked out in committees, and why there amendment to the amendment will be tee shall select a chairman and a vice chair­ has been so much confusion regarding stated. man from among its members. the cost of the particular provision in The CHIEF CLERK. On page 10, after (d) The joint commi~tee, or _any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, 1s author­ question, I wish to read from a letter the colon in line 19, it is proposed to which I hold in my hand. insert the following: "Provided, That no ized to hold such hearings, to sit and act at such places and times, to require, by This letter is dated March 13, 1947, such increase shall (1) exceed an amount subpena or otherwise, the attendance of signed by Mr. R. R. Reagh, the Govern­ which, when added to the present an­ such witnesses and the production of such nuity of any suc.h officer or employee, ment actuary of the Treasury Depart­ books, papers, and documents, to administer ment, addressed to Mr. Riley, staff direc­ exceeds the amount of annuity which such oaths, to take such testimony, to pro- such officer or employee would have . cure such printing and binding, and to make ·tor of the Senate Committee on Post received had the provisions of this act such expenditures as it deems advisable. Office and Civil Service. In this letter been in effect at the date of his retire­ The cost of stenographic services to report Mr. Reagh points out a possible $200,- ment, or (2) . be payable in any case in such hearings shall not be in excess of 25 . 000,000 cost for Senate bill 637. cents per hundred words. The provisions Again, on May 9, 1947, in a letter from which the present annuity of any such of sections 102 to 104, inclusive, ·of the Re­ officer or employee exceeds the amount vised Statutes shall apply in case of any Mr. Arthur S. Flemming, Acting Presi­ cf annuity which such officer or employee failure of any witness to comply with a dent of the Civil Service Commission, ad­ would have received had such provisions subpena or to testify when summoned under dressed to the Chairman of the Post been in effect on such date." authority of this section. Office and Civil Service Committee, he 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 489 estimated the cost as being negligible. I some of the funds than the annuitants by the executive department of the Gov­ quote from the letter: are receiving from them. I think it is ernment. If the Senator from Delaware The committee will appreciate, I am sure, time for Congress to make a study of will introduce a measure directing some that there is no current precise statistical: the problem. Such a study has not been existing Government bureau to make the data upon which to base a firm estimate of made in our committee. We have been study, or establishing some agency to do cost under t his or any other proposal with too much concerned with getting a piece it, such a proposal might be proper. If regard t o retirement; but with the facts of legislation which will not cost any­ he does not like the Civil Service Com­ available to us it is our judgment that the thing and at the same time materially mission, he might propose that the Bu­ liberalized provisions are balanced by modi­ increase present benefits. fications elsewhere in the bill, plus, of course, reau of the Budget or some other agency increased contributions of 1 percent made by I have reviewed most of the ·retirement make this study. Such a study would the Federal employees. legislation for the past 14 years, and I seem to me to be more within the scope have· yet to find a single piece of legisla­ of the ability of the executive depart­ In other words, it was his opinion on tion which has been passed with respect ment than that of Congress. However, May 9, 1947, that there would be no ap­ to which it was stated that it would cost I believe that we ought not to create an­ preciable cost. The same error was re­ any appreciable amount. Notwithstand­ other joint committee at this time. peated in the committee report. ing that fact, on various occasions we Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I cer­ Five days later, on May 14, 1947, a let­ have doubled and trebled the obligations tfl.inly will not sponsor a resolution cre­ ter was written, signed by George Buck, of the Government. In 1945 we passed ating another Government bureau. the same Mr. Reagh and Mr. Edward retirement benefits for Members of Con­ A further example of the inefficient Thacker, who were consulting actuaries gress. At that time it was stated that and biased advice we have received from for the Civil Service Commission. In the system would not cost the Govern­ the Civil Service Commission on all these this letter they stated that the cost would ment any money; yet every Member of proposals is revealed in the discussion to be $109,000,000. That was 5 days after Congress in computing his pension, was eliminate the so-called tontine payment, the statement that the bill would not given benefits for all the years he served which is a deduction of $1 a month from cost anything. in Congress. It was not going to cost the the salary of all Government employees. We ran into a little trouble on the Government anything; and at the same All the testimony which was given before question of the cost of the bill before time it was stated that a Member of Con­ our committee by officials of the Com­ • the Senate. For that reason I objected gress did not need to pay anything back. missiQn was to the effect that its cancel­ to it and insisted upon realistic estimates Mr. President, I urge that my amend­ lation would not cost anything. This is before any further action. A month ment be agreed to, and that a special another example of misleading testimony later, on June 9, 1947, there was another committee be established to study the inexcusable in any competent Govern­ letter, written by one Harry B. Mitch~ll, various retirement systems, perhaps with ment official. President of the Civil Service Commis­ the thought of consolidating them into I read from a letter signed by Mr. sion, addressed to the Senator from one system, to insure uniformity, to in­ Arthur S. Flemming, a meml:ler of the North Dakota rMr. LANGER], in which the sure economy in administration, and to Civil Service Commission, under date of cost of the same retirement bill was esti­ remove the remaining inequities not re­ May 9. The letter is addressed to the mated at $39,160,000. moved by the bill now under considera­ chairman of the Senate Civil Service On July 22, 1947, I asked the Bureau tion. To do this the joint committee Committee, and in it Mr. Flemming of the Budget if it could not straighten would secure experts on insurance and states: us out as to the cost of the bill. I have · retirement from outside sources. This charge of $1 per month levied against a ·letter signed by Mr. James E. Webb, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The each Federal employee has been an admin­ Director of the Bureau of the Budget. question is on agreeing to the amendment istrative problem ever since its inception. This time he agreed with the actuaries offered by the Senator from Delaware It is grossly unfair, in that the $1 per month that the cost of the bill would be $39,160,- [Mr. WILLIAMS] to the Taft amendment is charged against the account of the low­ 000. Those are the only two letters that in the nature of a substitute. salaried employee as well as the ~igh-salaried agree. . Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I think employee. When full account is taken of the Two days later, on July ~4. 1947, I re­ it is due the Civil Service Commission administrative handling charges, there is ceived another letter from the Civil and . the United States Senate that I actually little net gain in income to the Service Commission. Apparently in fund. Administration of the act by the agen­ should make the statement that the cies and by the Commission will be greatly order to get the bill through the last Civil Service Commission has cooperated simplified by the elimination of the tontine. session of Congress the estimate had been wholeheartedly with our committee. revised down to $Ui,OOO,OOO. Bear in Time and time again Mr. Irons gave us All the testimony which ·vas given be­ mind that in the meantime no amend­ estimates of cost. Over a period of sev­ fore the committee-and I think the ment to the bill had been submitted eral months we asked for various esti­ ehairman of the committee will agree which could account for these discrep­ mates. We asked for estimates based with me-was to the effect that the elim­ ancies. upon one and a half million employees, ination of the $1 a month so-called ton­ On January 16, of this year, in con­ two milliou employ·ees, and two and a tine charge would not change the cost nection with the same bill, the Civil half million employees. We asked for of the bill, yet in another letter dated Service Commission made another esti­ estimates based upon a retirement fund July 13, 1947, signed by · Harry B. mate. This time its estimate was $84,- of 1 percent, 1% percent, 1% percent, Mitchell, President of the Civil Service 000,000. and 2 percent. So far as I know, all Commission- We are endeavoring on the floor of the ! was advised that the income from this Senate to pass a piece of legislation the letters which were received by our committee were honest expressions of the tontine charge during the last year (1946) which the Senator from Ohio now says is was $16,809,186.30. supposed to cost us about $42,000,000, Civil Service Commission, and I wish to yet at the same time we are told that say publicly that I think the Commission Yet, Arthur Flemming, his associate the cost of this bill is $60,000 ,000 cheaper is doing a fine job. member, say~ that it is a . negligible than the cost of the bill which the Mr. TAFT. Mr.· President, I wish to amount, and that we can eliminate a Senate Post Office and Civil Service Com­ point out one further reason why I think $16,000,000 income without making any mittee had been claiming would not cost we should not create more joint commit­ appreciable difference in the cost of the anything. tees than we already have. There are bill. My argument is that if we reduce I think it is time for some committee no rooms left in which any new commit­ that income, we must increase the ap­ to go to work on retirement legislation. tee could find space to live. ·We have propriations to offset it. I agree that it It has been pointed out by the Senator reached the point where I do not believe would be much better and simpler to from Virginia that we have 16 different we should create any new committees eliminate that charge and figure it in the retirement systems in the Federal Gov­ unless we abolish some of the old ones. percentage cost. I am not opposing the ernment. They are administered by 11 Unless there is some very strong reason elimination of the tontine charge, but I different agencies. I have a copy of for it, I do not believe that we should do say that we should squarely recognize every one of these retirement systems. create new committees. the cost. Yet prior to this letter repre­ We have some retirement systems with a Furthermore, this is largely a tech­ sentatives of the Civil Service Commis­ complete organization to administer the nical actuarial subject. If such a study sion appeared before our committee, and affairs of as few as 175 Government em­ as has been suggested is to be made, it the testimony was to the effect that such ployees. It is costing more to administer ought to be made in the first instance a provision would not cost anything. 490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 The net income for the past 12 years mitted by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. . CONTROL OF WEAPONS OF MASS has been more than $47,000,000. I have TAFTJ. DESTRUCTION very little respect for the advice of any The amendment to the amendment Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, I official in the Civil Service Commission was agreed to. quote very briefly from an Associated who regards $47,000,000 as a negligible The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Press story appearing in the last edition amount. question is on agreeing to the committee of the Washington Star under today's The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. amendment, as amended. date: LANGER J has spoken of the cooperation The committee amendment, as amend­ LoNDON, January 23.-Winston Churchill of Mr. Irons, the Chief of the Civil Serv­ ed, was agreed to. declared today western Europe must unite ice Commission retirement fund. Not­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The quickly and demand a show-down with the withstanding the fact that Mr. Irons ap­ Chair lays before the Senate a bill com­ Soviet Union before the Russians develop peared before our committee and testi­ ing from the House of Representatives, atomic. weapons, possibly in a year or so. fied that the bill would cost nothing, which will be stated by title. "Even an early show-down would not guar­ during the summer months he has been The CHIEF CLERK. A bill (H. R. 4127) antee that war would not come," Churchill to amend the Civil Service Retirement said, but: campaigning all over the country for this "I beiieve it would give the best chance piece of legislation, a fact which I think Act of May 29, 1930, as amended. of preventing it and, if it came, we would should be called to the attention of the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I move have the best chance of coming out of it Department of Justice. I wish to read a that the Senate proceed to consider the alive. part of one of his speeches. In speaking House bill. "I believe the best chance of preventing before a group on this retirement bill The motion was agreed to, and .the war is to bring matters to a head and come Senate proceeded to consider the bill. to a settlement with the Soviet Government Mr. Irons said: before it is too late,'' Mr. Churchill told the It is not the most generous survivorship Mr. WHERRY. I move to strike out House of Commons. program that can be reasonably designed, all after the enacting clause of the bill, "You may be sure the present situation but the important thing, I think, is to get and in lieu thereof to insert the text of cannot last. There are very grave dangers in that principle across in legislation, to get Senate bill 637, as amended. letting everything run on and pile up until • it a firm part of the Retirement Act. There The motion was agreed to. something happens and the matter passes are other years coming. There will be mor'e The amendment was ord-ered to be en­ all of a sudden out of your control." generous Congresses in the future. grossed and· the bill to be read a third Mr. President, I read these words with Apparently he is going to help see to time. a deep sense of conviction that the for­ it that more liberal-minded men come to . The bill hub of the matter, we shall be in error. The rest of the provisions relate to [Mr. SALTONSTALL), the Senator from At a future time and on a future occa­ what class of employees will . receive the Maryland [Mr. TYDINGSl, and the Sena­ sion I shall address the Senate on what I benefits of the bill. They are technical tor from Virginia [Mr. BYRD]. believe is necessary for the supplemen­ provisions. Those are the principal THE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY tation of the Marshall program, but I think it is well for the Senate and for the things ·involved. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The country and the Congress to have in mind unanimous consent that after the calen­ now the basic fact which cannot be too question is on agreeing to the amend­ dar is called on Monday next, Calendar much emphasized, that as long as this ment submitted by the Senator from No. 862, Senate Joint Resolution 111, arms race proceeds, anything else we do Delaware [Mr. WILLIAMS]. approving the agreement between the : to bring about the peace is preliminary. The amendment to the amendment United States and Canada relating to the was rejected. Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basin, be EXECUTIVE SESSION The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The made the unfinished business. Mr. WHERRY. I move that the Sen­ question is on agreeing to the amend­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ ate proceed to t}1e consideration of ex­ ment in the nature of a substitute sub- · out objection, the order is made. ecutive business. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 491 The motion was agreed to; and the to be considered next week, and I won­ afternoon, after we begin to consider Senate proceeded to the consideration of dered what chance there would be tor the unfinished · business, the St. Law­ executive business. consideration on Monday. , . rence seaway joint resolution. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Mr. TAFT. I have no particular feel­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, ing about it. I think perhaps we ought did I correctly understand the Senator The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ to have a little notice, however, that the from Ohio to say that the St. Lawrence fore the Senate messages from the Pres­ bills are coming up. That is my only seaway legislation will not consume very ident of the United States submitting reservation. much time? sundry nominations, which were referred Mr. GURNEY. Then at this time I Mr. TAFT. My understanding is that to the appropriate committees. wish to mention the two bills which I on the first day of the consideration of (For nominations this day received, should like to have called up on Mon­ such measures, Senators very often run see the end of Senate proceedings.) day. The first is the procurement bill. out of speeches at about 5 o'clock in the EXECUTIVE REPORT OF A COMMITTEE The other one would modify the provi­ afternoon. The following favorable report of a sions of the Vinson-Trammell Act in re­ Mr. REVERCOMB. In other words, nomination was submitted: gard to the purchase of materials fqr the Senator from Ohio does not think the Navy and the Air Force. the Senate will take final action on the By Mr. BUCK, from the Committee on the District of Columbia: Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, prior St. Lawrence seaway joint resolution on Guy Mason, of the District of Columbia, to to the suggestion made just now by the Monday? be a Commissioner of the District of Colum­ Senator from South Dakota, the St. Mr. TAFT. I do not. bia for a term of 3 years, and until his suc­ Lawrence seaway jo{nt resolution was THE UNTIMELY ENDS OF MY SENATOR cessor is appointed and qualified. made the unfinished business for Mon­ FRIENDS-POEM BY HORACE C. CAR­ day. Of course: the Senator from South LISLE The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If Dakot3, has a perfect right to move that there be no further reports of commit­ these other bills be brought up first on Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I send tees, the clerk will proceed to state the Monday, temporarily displacing the St. to the desk and ask unanimous consent nominations on the calendar. Lawrence seaway measure. But since that there be printed at this point in the THE ARMY the chairman of the Judiciary Commit­ RECORD, a · poem by Horace C. Carlisle The legislative clerk proceeded to read tee is not in the Chamber at this time, I entitled "The Untimely Ends of My Sen­ sundry nominations in the Army. wonder whether the Senator from South ator Friends.'' Dakota will withhold his request until There being no objection, the poem Mr. GURNEY. I ask that the nomi­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, nations be confirmed en bloc. Monday. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ Mr. GURNEY. I do not believe it is as follows: out objection, the nominations in the necessary to make a formal request in THE UNTIMELY ENDS OF MY SENATOR FRIENDS Army are confirmed en bloc. regard to these bills, but I simply give "The path of the just is as the shining notice of a desire to have them taken up light that shineth more and more unto the THE NAVY for ·consideration as soon as possible. perfect day." The legislative clerk proceeded to read They are Calendar No. 597 and Calen­ These dear Senators who have now passed sundry nominations in the Navy. dar No. 657. from my view Mr. GURNEY. I ask that the nomina­ Out into the great Unknown Beyond, Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, a week All of them loved this life, with its struggle tions in the Navy be confirmed en bloc. ago I asked to have the procurement bill and strife, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ passed over, during the call of the calen­ But when Death called they had to re­ out objection, the nominations in the dar, because other departments of the spond- Navy are confirmed en bloc. Government, particularly the Treasury And, tho these have all gone, still the Sen­ ate runs on, · THE AIR FORCE procurement service, felt they should have the right to make purchases in Little changed by the passing of years, The legislative clerk proceeded to read emergency conditions in the same way As they sweep swiftly by, to where past ages sundry nominations in the Air Force. lie, that the a1med services might have. Undeterred by life's turmoils and tears. Mr. GURNEY. I ask that the nomi­ However, I understand that the Comp­ nations in the Air Force be confirmed en In their faces, now gone, their sweet charac­ troller General objects to having the pro­ ters shone bloc. curement service given that right, and The PRESIDENT pro tempore . . With­ With a beauty that can't be expressed, really is not enthusiastic about having As they toiled on and on, toward the eternal out objection, the nominations are con­ dawn, firmed en bloc. the armed services given it. In . view of that situation, and inas­ Without taking time for needed rest. THE MARINE CORPS All of these, whom I knew, bade the Senate much as I am not able to spend the nec­ adieu, The legislative clerk proceeded to read essary time in endeavoring to work out To re-live in the sweet by-and-by- sundry nominations in the Marine Corps. amendments and have them adopted, or And they all I've enshrined in the heart o1 Mr. GURNEY. I ask that the nomi­ possibly rejected, I shall not object to my mind, nations be confirmed en bloc. having the procurement bill acted upon There to stay till I meet them on high. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Wi.th­ at any time the Senate sees fit to take Underwood, Harrison, Blease, and Sheppard out objection, the nominations in the action upon it. are gone- Marine Corps are confirmed en bloc. Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I suggest ! saw Fletcher and Trammell both pass­ Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, I ask that possibly the St. Lawrence seaway ! saw death still the tongue of Maloney atid that the President be immediately noti­ Long, legislation will not consume all Monday Johnson, Norris, McNary, and Glass- fied of the confirmation of these nomi­ afternoon; so probably after the termi­ And, from this life below, I saw Bailey, Bilbo, nations. nation of the consideration of that legis­ Bankhead, and Andrews, too, slip away­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ lation on Monday, there will be an hour In the harness they died, by their works glo­ out objection, the President will be noti­ or so during which it will be possible to rified, fied forthwith. consider the. two bills mentioned by the And the Senate mourns them to this day. ORDER OF BUSINESS Senator from South Dakota. -Horace C. Carlisle. Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, I should Also there is another bill, I believe. ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY like to direct a question to the senior Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I move Senator from Ohio. Our committee has would prefer not to have other bills that the Senate adjourn until 12 o'clock been importuned to secure as rapid ac­ brought into the picture at this time, noon on Monday next. tion as is possible on two· small bills. until we determine what we shall do in The motion was agreed to; and (at 2 I believe I previously notified the Senator regard to the St. Lawrence seaway meas­ o'clock and 51 minutes p. m.) the Sen­ of our interest in them. I understand ure. I submit that the pr~per time to ate adjourned until Monday, January 26, the St. Lawrence seaway matter is going bring up other bills will be on Monday 1948, at 12 o'clock meridian. 492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 NOMINATIONS Alfred F . Robertshaw William G. Muller, Jr. Berti! E. Larson Clarence H. Moore Jino J. D'Alessandro Benjamin B. Man- Arthur L. Adams Gordan E. Gray Executive nominations received by the Henry J. Revane chester III George P. Wolf, Jr. Arthur N. Nehf, Jr. Senate January 23 (legislative day of Melvin D. Henderson Frank E. Gallagher, Franklin C. Bacon Russell L. Janson January 21), 1948: Eliott B. Robertson Jr. Webster R. Hood Martin B. Roush COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. Chester A, Henry, Jr. Robert C. McDonough Robert W. Anderson Lawrence L. Herzog Sidney F. Jenkins Boyd 0. Whitney Vernon L. Bartram Harry F. Schwethelm Joseph T. Sylvester, of Portland, Maine, ·George F. Gober Richard D. Strickler Robert B. Neville James E. J ohnson to be collector of customs for customs collec­ John D. Howard Frederick R. Findtner Howard .F. Stevenson Frank P. Barker, Jr. tion district No. 1, with headquarters at Fred T. Bishopp James W. Keene George Codrea Vance F . McKean Portland, Maine. (Reappointment.) Cecil W. Shuler John F. Kinney Thomas C. Dutton Richard H. Pierce · UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Glenn R. Long Michie! Dobervich James A. Pounds III Charles E. Kollmann Samuel D. Mandeville,Robert F. Jenkins, Jr. Karl G. Palmer Milton M. Cook, Jr. The following-named candidates for ap­ Jr. · Lewis A. Jones Robert R. Fairburn Howard E. Cook pointment and promotion in the Regular William G. Thrash Norman E. Sparling Robert B. McBroom Lowell D. Grow Corps of the Public Health Service: Louis Metzger Julian V. Lyon Charles A. Lipot William L. G. Hughes , To be medical director (equivalent to the Luther R. Seibert Carl M,Longley Walter E. Reynolds, Jack B. Winters Army rank of ), effective date of Wendell H. Best Francis W. Benson Jr. Henry W. Horst acceptance: John I. Williamson, George R. Stallings George J. Debell Carol D. Dalton Frederick A. Johansen Jr. William J. McKennan Donald B. Otterson J ames E. Grubbs To be surgeons (equivalent to the Army Robert S. Riddell LeRoy P . Hunt, Jr. James G. Juett Francis X. Witt, Jr. rank of major), effective date .of acceptance: George T. Fowler Claude S. Sanders, Jr. William E. Baugh Wallace J. Slappey, Jr. Harold M. Janney Warner T. Bigger William R. Dorr, Jr. Drew J. Barrett, Jr. William P. Dukes Russell 0. Settle Charles A. Rigaud Henry E. W. Barnes Harry B. Smith John D. Noble Surgeon to be senior surgeon (equivalent Roger S. Bruford Walter H. Stephens Robert L. Cochran Roy R. Hewitt to the Army rank of lieutenant colonel): Randall L. Stallings Clarence R. Schwenke Charles D. Barrett, John G. Babashanian Maurice A.' Roe · Edwin C. Godbold John F. Mallard · Jr. Gale W. Roberts Senior surgeon to be temporary medical Warren P. Baker George B. Thomas Gerard T. Armitage Jay E. McDonald director (equivalent to the Army rank of James Taul Henry J. Smart Frank J. Clarke Harlen E. Hood colonel): Homer E. Hire John E. Rentsch William A. Murphy Joseph F. Wagner, Jr. Maurice A. Roe George V. Hanna, Jr. Charles T. Hodges James F. Lawrence, Scott G. Gier Surgeons to be temporary senior surgeons Richard Quigley · Kenneth H . Black Jr. James A. Etheridge (equivalent to the Army rank of lieutenant Royce W. Coin William C. Humberd Walter J. Ridlon, Jr. Robert D. Bachtel colonel): Henry S. Massie Robert R. Burns James A. Moriarty, Billie K. Shaw Harold M. Janney Alfred T. Greene Marion E. Carl Jr. James P. Wilson Russell 0. Settle Melville M. Menefee Charles W. Somers, Jr. Jerrold 0. Cote Richard W. Schut t Senior assistant sanitary engineers to be Wayne M. Cargill Arthur R Adams Marshall R. Pilcher Henry V. Joslin temporary sanitary engineers (equivalent to J ames 'B . Moore Angus M. Fraser James H. Crutchfield Daniel J . Regan the Army rank of major): Louis L. Frank Robert Hall Madison C. Whiteside Lyle K. London Donald L. Snow Joseph W. Kean, Jr. Ralph M. Wismer Orvin H. Ramlo Robert H. Daley Roscoe H . Goeke Theodore F. Beeman Donald J. Robinson Cruger L. Bright Harry A. Hadd Senior assistant engineer to be temporary Wyatt B. Carneal, ,Jr. Alfred M. Mahoney William J . Sims Floyd M. Johnson, Jr. engineer (equivalent to the Army rank of William C. Kellum Robert M. Hanna George D. Wolverton Richard M. Elliott major): Richard K. Schmidt Erik W. Ritzau Thomas W. Furlow John C. Lundrigan George · L. Carley, Jr. Thomas V. Murto, Jr. Earl W. Gardner Herbert A. Peters Victor J. Barringer . Senior scientists to be temporary scientist Mori:'is E. Flater John C. Brewer Howard L. Walter GeorgeS. Saussey, Jr. directors (equivalent to the Army rank of Frank H. Collins William D. Morgan Leo F. Tatro, Jr. Alexander S. Walker, colonel): Albert H. Potter William E. Clasen Samuel Richards, Jr. Jr. Floyd S. Daft Gordon A. Hardwick "J" Frank Cole Matt S. Ober, Jr. Ashby J . Fristoe Justin M. Andrews Lyman D. Spurlock Lowell S. Reeve George L. Hollowell Paul D. Parker Senior assisbnt scientists to be temporary Howard E. King Homer G. Hutchinson, Jack easley · Henry G. Gatlin, Jr. scientists (equivalent to the Army rank of Waite W. Worden Jr. Samuel B. Folsom, Jr. Carl W. Hoffman major): · James R. Anderson Allen H. Anderson Conrad G. Winter · Robert R. Weir Harry D. Pratt Francis M. Middleton Lee A. Christoffersen Glenn L. Todd Philip W. Kelly Edward L. Bale, Jr. Roy F. Fritz H. Page Nicholson Deryle N. Seely Elkin S. Dew Robert G. Howie Edward K. Pedersen Ralph C. Barnes Harold S. Raise Erwin F. Wann, Jr. Richard L. Nickerson John w. Beebe Roger C. Power, Jr. Otis V. Calhoun, Jr. IN THE MARINE CoRPS ·Walter R. Bartosh Robert K. Dahl Hoyt U . Bookhart, Jr. Talbott F. Collins William E. Crowe John c. Landrum The following-named officers for appoint­ Albert F. Moe John H. Partridge Robert R. Ayres, Jr. Robert L. Thomas ment to the permanent grade of colonel in Martin W. Storm Frederick J. Karch Jack L. Brushert the Marine Corps: John E. Morris Lawrence F. Fox George M. Dawes Dean S. Hartley, Jr. Randolph S. D · Lock- Horace H. Figuers Grant W. McCombs Raymond E. Hopper Frank M. Reinecke Thomas A. Heaton William P. Batten John M. Davis wood Joseph S. Skoczylas Arthur F. O'Keefe William G. Johnso11 ·Cornelius P. Van Ness Walfried H. Fromhold Robert D. Heinl, Jr. Gerald G. Williams William B. Freeman Harold F. Brown Edson L. Lyman James T. Wilbur Guy B. Smith, Jr. John W. A. Antonelli Sidney L. Groff George B. Herlihy George H. Cloud Charles H. Hayes Fred J. Klingenhagen Edwin C. Kimball Wallace G. Wethe Robert I . Conrad Charles E. Shepard, Donald M. Weller Clyde T. Smith George W. Herring Thomas H. Mann, Jr. William P . Mitchell Jr. Edward A. Montgom- Wilbur F. Meyerhoff David C. Wolfe Kenneth D. Frazier Robert F. Conley Carl J. Cagle Edward V. Menden- Peter A. McDonald ery Arvid W. Blackmun Walter T , Warren · Thomas B. Hughes Edgar 0. Price John A. Burns hall, Jr. John L. Mahon Francis C. Clagett William D. Patterson, William B. McKean Robert E. Hill Homer S. Hill Jr. Fred D. Beans James M. Daly, The following-named officers for appoint­ Elmer P. Thompson, Floyd c. Kirkpatriclt Wallace M. Greene, Ronald D. Salmon ment to the temporary grade of lieutenant Jr. colonel in the Marine Corps: L J~. F F Ralph C. Rosacker Russell Lloyd OUIS ~ erguson . Harry C. Dees Paul W. Russell Ernest W. Fry, Jr. Frederick Belton Lawren e W. Smith, . h d W B td ff Jr. RIC a or The following-named officer for appoint­ John G. Johnson ar . ment to the temporary grade of colonel in The following-named officer for appoint­ Richard J. Flynn, Jr. James W. Hendriclt the Marine Corps: · m-ent to the permanent grade of lieutenant Willard C. Lemke Robert J . Bolish Carroll E. McCullah Kenneth C. Greenough August Larson colonel in the Marine Corps Reserve: Robert R. Read Robert E. Brown The following-named officers for appoint­ Harold A. Strong ment to the permanent grade of lieutenant The following-named officers for appoint­ The following-named officers for appoint­ colonel in the Marine Corps: ment to the permanent grade of major in ment to the temporary grade of major in the Marine Corps: William R. Williams William A. Stiles the Marine Corps: William F. Harris Edwin C. Aiken Thomas B. Tighe James L. Fawley, Jr. Willis R . Lucius Gordon D. Gayle Russell Duncan Bert Davis, Jr. Henry Matsinger Theodore A. Petras James D. McBrayer, Richard M. Huizenga Robert W. Nelson John E. King The following-named officers for appoint­ Jr. George M. Lhamon Hugh J. Irish James H. Naylor ment to the permanent grade of in Jack Hawkins William A. Cloman, Thomas M. LeineweberThomas T. Grady the Marine Corps: James B. Glennon, Jr. Thell H. Fisher William W. Curtis John D. Case Benjamin S. Read Jr. Alfred N. Gordon Daniel H. Davis Carl 0. J. Grussendorf Robert S. Stubbs U Frederick A. Quint 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 493 ' Carl L. Hill William E. Mack Arthur F. Wilson, Jr. Edward I. Lupton in Europe, with the rank of lleutenant gen­ John S. Canton Jess Thierry, Jr. Walter S. Metzger Mervin B. Porter eral with rank from October 1, 1947. Richard M. Giddens Gerald J. Tice Nathaniel H. Carver William R. Van Ness Maj. Gen. Idwal Hubert Edwards, to be Reverdy M. Hall George M. Bryant James A. Blakely, Jr. Thomas J. Bardon Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and Ad­ Edward 0. Alsip Arnold L. EmUs Edward F. Danowitz Charles C. Schwartz ministration, United States Air Force, with Edmund K. Griswold Ralph A. Soderberg Walter M. Atherton William M. Derby, Jr. the rank of lieutenant general with rank Joseph P. Cushing Charles D. Fredrick Ross M. MacAskill John R. Gill from October 1, 1947. John D. Fair Calvin C. Crum Vincent J. Robinson Bruce A. Goewey Maj. Gen. Howard Arnold Craig, to be Dep­ EdwardS. Fris Melvin J. Flannagan James R. Poe James A. Dorsey uty Chief of Staff for Materiel, United States Harry B. Persinger, Jr. "J" "P" Nixon Frank J. Hubka James Payette Air Force, with the rank of lieutenant gen­ Robert Baird Eugene W. Nelson John H. Wagner Lawrence P. Hart eral with rank from October 1, 1947. ·James W. Baker james A. Harper Leonard A. Lemback Francis C. Buxton Maj. Gen. Benjamin Wiley Chidlaw, to be Thomas H. Miller, Jr. Charles H. Church, Jr. James A. Gallo, Jr. Edwin J. Mika Deputy Commander, Air Materiel Command, Frank C. Lang Carl W. Lindell Elmer A. Anderson, Jr. Ernest A. Buford, Jr. with the rank of lieutenant general with Monroe E. McNiel Edwin H. Finlayson Albert A. Black Robert Sabot rank from October 1, 1947. Ronald L. Bruce Thomas J. Burnam Leslie L. Page Roy L. Reed Maj. Gen. Elwood Richard Quesada to be JohnS. Parrott, Jr. Manning T. Jannell The following-named officers for appoint­ commanding general, Tactical Air Command, William J. Wachsler Loren K. Bronleewe ment to the temporary grade of captain in with the rank of Ueutenant general with Thomas R. O'Dell, Jr. William R. Nowadnlck the Marine Corps: rank from October 1, 1947. Robert M. Keirn G~rge w. Brewer James W. Tuma Chester H. Fritts Maj. Gen. Edwin Willlam Rawlings to be Glenn L. Rieder Harrold J. Eiland Thomas H. Cutler Elwood E. Gebhart air compt'l'oller, United States Air Force, with Laurel M. Mickelson warren G. Hopkins Good Burleson Thomas C. Palmer, Jr. the rank of lieutenant general with rank Edward R. Agnew, Jr. Thomas J. Ross Arthur A. Compton Herman T. Barbee from October 1, 1947. William G. Dair, Jr. John E. Barnett James D. Swinson Paul F. Brandenburg James M. McGrew Alfred w. King Allen F. Stockdale Stanley P. Bulkowski TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT IN THE AIR FORCE OF Kenneth L. Moos Donald L. Fenton Richard w. Sinclair Wllliam G. Reid THE UNITED STATES Theodore R. Yachik Harland E. Troy Donald L. Shenaut Robert J. Corbett To be major generals, with rank from October John C. Donovan Vernon J. Peebles Edwin M. Clements Paul Kerns 1, 1947 George E. McClane Rex Wilson Max C. Taylor John Gerey Chester R. I_Iarris William L. Devinney Franklin Otis Carroll · Mainerd A. Sorensen Henry ~· Camper Joseph Hampton Atkinson John K. Smderholm,Jesse V. Booker John E. Bugary· Fred R. Philpot Jr · Floyd W. Earnest Ray M. Burrill Arthur. C. Fix To be brigadier generals, with rank from Alton F. Vergote Harry R.' Moore Reginald M. George James E. Brown October 1, 1947 Charles B. Chambers Nathan B Peevey Jr Wilbur G. Patton · · ' · William A. Willett Alfred M. Jones, Jr. Edward Higgins White William E. Greiner, Jr. Francis C. Jennings AI bert F. Rinehart Charlie H. McGee, Jr. John Beverly Montgomery j i Martin William M. Crapo, Jr. Fernand A. Landry Walter L. Simpson Horace Armor Shepard B en am n G · Basil T. Idler William T. Smith Charles 0. Diliberto George Nasif Herbert G Manning Victor E. Sellers Edward E. Burt IN THE ARMY James R. Martin Jr · ' APPOINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE Frank J. Faureck · Judson Vanderhoof Albert J. Assad William R. Earney John A. Gibson, Jr. Donald W. Houston Wilbur C. Conley UNITED STATES Garth K. Sturdevan Donald T. Doxey Frederick V. Osborn Vernon L. Hendley To be major generals William E. Melby Fred C. Houser Alexander Gagyi Anthony J. Roscoe Manton Sprague Eddy William M. Streeter James C. Stanfield Jerome Hieronymus Joseph Lawton Coll1ns Peter A. Tonnema, Jr. George E. Kelly Matthew Bunker Ridgway Robert E. Dawson Frank G. Parks CONFIRMATIONS LeRoy Lutes Robert D. Thurston John J. Richards John Reed Hodge James B. Ord, Jr. Stephen Shervais Executive nominations confirmed by John Edwin Hull Charles F. McKiever Clifford D. Miller the Senate January 23 (legislative day Lucius DuBignon Clay James T. Pearce William J. Wagner of January 21), 1948: Albert Coady Wedemeyer William A. Kerr Joseph E. Davies Raymond Stallings McLain John B. Harney Johnny D. Lindley IN THE ARMY Stephen J. Chamberlin Don E. Wegley Robert L. Dominick Lt. Gen. Joseph Lawton Collins to be Willis Dale Crittenberger Lester E. Veigel Edwin L. Hickman, Jr. Deputy Chief of Staff, , Geoffrey Keyes Charles C. Cresap Charles C. Samis with the rank of general. Harold Roe Bull Clarence E. Corley, Jr.William E. Brandon Maj. Gen. Willard Stewart Paul to be Di­ Henry Spiese Aurand Robert F. seward Richard A. Bj~rson rector, Personnel and AdminiStration, United James Alward Van Fleet Victor A. Kleber, Jr. Joseph L. Fre1tas, Jr. States Army, with the rank of lieutenant Clarence. Ralph Huebner Kenneth T. Whites-Harry E. Leland, Jr. general. Willard Stewart Paul carver, Jr. Walter E. Ottmer Maj. Gen. Stephen J. Chamberlin to be Robert Sprague Beightler Harold E. Smith John P. Roden Director ot Intelligence, United States Army, George Fleming Moore Vincent J. Smith Myron E. Wilcox, Jr. with the rank of lieutenant general. Wllliam Henry Harrison Morrls, Jr. Robert C. Lehnert John Lomac Maj. Gen. Manton Sprague Eddy to be Di­ Walter Melville Robertson John H. Glenn, Jr. Willi~ H. Cowper rector of Army Education System and Com­ Archibald Vincent Arnold Harry A. Stahlstrom Fredenck A. Vernon mandant, Command and General Staff Col­ Louis Aleck Craig Earl W. Johnson Elwood H. Potter lege, with the rank of lieutenant general. Frank William Milburn Robert J. Barbour Harvey M. Patton Maj. Gen. Henry Spiese Aurand to be Di­ George Jacob Richards Rolland E. Marker John E. Hansen rector, Service, Supply and Procurement, Charles Wolcott Ryder Robert J. Lynch, Jr. Robert D. Limberg United States Army, with the rank of lieu­ Stafford LeRoy Irwin Edward B. Winston Elwood D. Bush tenant general. John William Leonard John W. Muldoon, Jr. Victor E. Allen MILITARY LIAISON COMMITTEE OF THE ATOMIC Alfred Maximilian Gruenther Rudolph L. Bittman Earle E. Bagnall ENERGY COMMISSION AND ARMED FORCES Joseph May Swing Victor A. Armstrong John E. Vanhousen SPECIAL WEAPONS PROJECT Edward Hale Brooks David G. Johnson Lynn W. Griffitts Wilton Burton Persons Richard S. Rash Valdemar Schmidt, Jr. Maj. Gen. Leslie Richard Groves to be arshall William H. Livingston Army member of the Military Liaison Com­ Glen Edgar Edgerton R o b er t M · M Robert D. Janssen mittee to the Atomic Energy Commission and Everett Strait Hughes Robert L. Lamar Dav~d Cleeland Chief of the Armed Forces Special Weapons Donald Hilary Connolly Albert G. Schone~ergerPaul N. Storaasli Project with the rank of lieutenant general. Raymond Albert Wheeler Herbert P. Mosca, Jr. Michael D. Harvath John Porter Lucas Am FORCE Royce W. Watson Clifford P. Blankenship Ira Thomas Wyche Donald I. McKamy James T. Cotton APPOINTMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE John Louis Homer Zaphney 0. Hum-Earl B. Sumerlin, Jr. Lt. Gen. Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg, to be Albert Monmouth Jones phreys Reuel H. Pietz Vice Chief of Staff, United States Air Force, Clift Andrus Ray T. Lemmo~s Joel L. Neuman with the rank of general with rank from Harry James Malony Roy s. Bachstem John H. Lavoy October 1, 1947. Edwin Pearson Parker, Jr. Donald S. Thornbury William E. Zimmer Maj. Gen; Lauris Norstad, to be Deputy John Breitling Coulter George F. Lewis Andrew Ir. McVicars Chief of Staff for Operations, United States Lunsford Errett Ollver Herbert E. Roser Emilius R; Ciampa, Jr. Air Force, with the rank of lieutenant gen­ William Richard Schmidt Wilford L. Stone Robert J. Lesak eral with rank from October 1, 1947. Robert Walter Crawford Robert W. Lowe Lee B. Swindall Maj. Gen. Curtis Emerson LeMay, to be Orlando Ward Gordon A. Kroodsma James C. Jewell commanding general, United States Air Force Jens Anderson Doe 494 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 23 · Thomas Bernard Larkin Willard Wadsworth Irvine Douglas Lafayette Weart James Allen Lester Everett Ernest Brown Henry Benton Sayler Paul John Mueller Eugene Martin Foster Vernon Evans Leland Stanford Hobbs Lewis Charles Beebe Arthur Arnim White Roscoe Barnett Woodruff George Leland Eberle GUARD OF THE To be captain, Adjutant General's Russel Burton Reynolds UNITED STATES OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED Department William Oliver Reeder STATES Robert Battey McClure Gordon M. Johnson To be mator generals of the line Lawrence Carmel Jaynes To be fi7 st lieutenants, Air Corps Raymond Hartwell Fleming Floyd Lavinius Parks George W. Gorman John Hall Manning Hugh John Casey Paul N. -Harlow William Maynadier Miley To be brigadier generals of ·the line Walter Leo Weible To be , Medical Corps Ronald Cornelius Brock Leslie Richard Groves Benjamin G. Musser Brendan Austin Burns James George Christiansen To be first lieutenant, Air Corps Hugh Melvin Fanning Paul Wilkins Kendall Joseph Bacon Fraser Anthony Clement McAuliffe Howard R. Schroeder Karl Frederick Hausauer Willard Gordon Wyman To be , Air Corps John Calhoun Henagan William Benjamin Kean Kenneth B. Smith Albert Sidney Johnson Ewart Gladstone Plank Ralph Andrus Loveland Lyman Louis Lemnitzer To be second lieutenant, Infantry Donald Wilson McGowan Clovis Ethelbert Byers Samuel T. Rhodes Howard Hebbard Maxwell Maxwell Davenport Taylor Robert Edward Moffet To be second lieutenant, Quartermaster Rollin Larrabee Tilton Corps Russell York Moore Francis Page Hardaway Fritz Albert Peterson John Millikin Andrew J. Roach William Childs Purnell Benjamin Curtis Lockwood, Jr. To be second lieutenant, Infantry Joseph Wallace West Edward Montgomery Robert K. Weaver Harold Theodore Weber Kenneth Thompson Blood William Frank Weiler ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES Harry Lewis Twaddle To be brigadier generals, Adjutant General's Gordon Russell Young TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY OF THE Department Charles Morton Milliken UNITED STATES Edwin Albert Zundel Theodore Albert Arndt Pearson Menoher To be major generals Kenneth Buchanan Barnwell Rhett Legge Doyle Overlton Hickey Chester William Goble Roy Charles Lemach Graham Joseph Cowles Mehaffey Mark Walter Lance · Robert Marks Bathurst Jonathan Waverly Anderson Spen-eer Hurley Mitchell Elbert Louis Ford Roscoe Campbell Crawford John Francis Mullen William Kelly Harrison, Jr. James Kirk Joseph Evelyn Nelson Aaron Bradshaw, Jr. Alfred Bixby Quinton, Jr. Irving Otto Schaefer Laurence Bolton Kesler Henry Balding Lewis Floyd Wayne Stewart George David Shea Charles Gardiner Helmick John Edward Walsh 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 495

IN THE NAVY To be lieutenant commanders We need Thy help to do something APPOINTMENTS Roger VanN. Powelson about the world's true problems-the To be rear admirals, officers of the line Gerald V. Reynolds problem of lying, which is called propa­ Maurice E. Curts To be lieutenants ganda; the problem of selfishness, which Dixwell Ketcham Harold M. Gutekunst is called self-interest; the problem of Vice Adm. John L. McCrea, United States Dick M. Wheat greed, which is often called profit; the Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, and allow­ APPOINTMENTS IN THE MEDICAL CORPS OP' THE problem of license, disguising itself as ances of a vice admiral while serving as dep­ NAVY liberty; the problem of lust, masquer­ . uty commander in chief, Pacific Fleet. To be lieutenant commanders ading as love; the problem of mate­ Rear Adm. Arthur C. Mlles, United States rialism, the hook which is baited with Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, and allow­ Joseph A. Forte, Jr. Henry W. Miller security. ances of a vice admiral while serving as Chief Hear our prayers, 0 Lord, for the of the Material Division, Office of the Under To be lieutenants Secretary of the Navy. spi.i-itual understanding which is better Admiral DeWitt C. Ramsey, United States Alrred J. DelRey than political wisdom, that we may see Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, and al­ Dominic A. Kuljis our problems for what they are. This lowances of an admiral while serving as To be lieutenants (junior grade) we ask in Jesus' name. Amen. commander 1n chief, Pacific and Un~ted Jay S. Broadbent John M. Jones States Pacific Fleet. DESIGNATION 0::<' ACTING PRESIDENT Carleton J. Brown James M. Keirman PRO TEMPORE Vice Adm. Forrest P. Sherman, United David M. Butler Jay R. Longley States Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, Richard B. Connor John S. Neill The Chief Clerk read the following and allowances of a vice admiral while serv­ Kevin A. Doyle John M. Packard letter: ing as commander. United States Naval Adolp~ms W. Dunn Bernard H. Pender UNITED STATES SENATE, Forces in the Mediterranean. John G. Esswein Robert W. Rattan Vice Adm. John D. Price, United States PRESIDENT P1l0 TEMPORE, Frederick L. Evans Stanley E. Reese Washington, D. C., January 26, 1948. Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, ~d al­ Mack M. Hill, Jr. Lawrence F. Smith To the Senate: lowances of a vice admiral while servmg as APPOINTMENTS IN THE DENTAL CORPS OF THE Being temporarlly absent from the Senate, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air). I appoint Hon. FORREST C. DONNELL, a Sena­ Vice Adm. Harold B. Sallada, United States NAVY To be lieutenant C'Jmmanders tor from the State of Missouri, to perform the Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, and allow­ duties of the Chair during my absence. ances of a vice admiral while serving as com­ John E. Carson A. H. VANDENBERG, mander, Air Force, United States PacUic Fleet. John R. Wible President pro tempore. Capt. Homer N. Wallin, United States Navy, To be lieutenants for temporary appointment to the grade of Mr. DONNELL thereupon took the rear admiral in the Navy. William J. Harrison Grant A. MacLean chair as Acting President pro tempore. James F. Keenan Joe A. Teaff TEMPORARY SERVICE ATTENDANCE OF A SENATOR To be lieutenants (junior grade) To be rear admirals Malcolm E. Boone Charles E. Oxar GuY CoRDON, a Senator from the State Earl E. Stone FrancisX.Mcinerney William J. Carter Eugene P. Weigand, Jr. of Oregon, appeared in his seat today. Augustus J. Wellings John P. Womble, Jr. Blayne A. Gumm W1lliam s. Parsons Byron H. Hanlon THE JOURNAL James E. Maher Robert F. Hickey APPOINTMENT IN THE MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS OF On request of Mr. WHERRY, and by Leon S. Fiske Ruthven E. Libby THE NAVY unanimous consent, the reading of the Harry R. Thurber Herbert E. Regan To be lieutenant commander Journal of the proceedings of Friday, John E. Whelchel John P. Whitney William P. Briggs James H. Doyle Hugh H. Goodwin January 23, 1948, was dispensed with, Clarence E. Olsen Edgar A. Cruise APPOINTMENTS IN THE NURSE CORPS OF THE and the Journal was approved. Lucian A. Moebus NAVY MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT APPOINTMENTS TO THE PERMANENT GRADE OP' To be lieutenants (junior grade) Messages in writing from the President REAR ADMIRAL IN THE NAVY Gladys LaV. Kennedy of the United Statts submitting nomina­ Howard M. Shaffer Alfred W. Chandler Ruth C. Vickers tions were communicated to the Senate William N. Thomas Spry 0. Claytor IN THE MARINE CORPS by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries. Thornton C. Miller Maj. Gen. Clifton B. Cates to be Comman­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENROLLED APPOINTMENTS TO THE TEMPORARY GBADE OP' dant of the Marine Corps with the rank of BILLS SIGNED REAR ADMIRAL IN THE NAVY general for a period of 4 years from January Herbert L. Pugh Herbert C. Lassiter 1, 1948. A message from the House of Repre­ Bertram Groesbeck, John Ball . Maj. Gen. William P. T. HUI to be Quarter­ sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its Jr. Clemens V. Rault master General of the Marine Corps with the reading clerks, announced that the Howard M. Shaffer. . rank of major general, for a period ~f 2 years Speaker had affixed his signature to the APPOINTMENTS IN THE NAVY from February 1, 1948. following enrolled bills, and they were Maj. Gen. Thomas E. Watson to hav~ the signed by the Acting President pro To be ensigns grade, rank, pay, and allowances of lieutenant .:-.:>hn C. Shannon Jerry W. Bates general 1n the Marine Corps while serving as tempore: Charles R. Mischke Edward F. Krueger commanding general, Fleet Marine Force, S. 84. An act for the relief of Mrs. Clinton Charles B. Teal Pacific. R. Sharp; To be lieutenants (1unior grade) S. 99. An act for the relief of John T . Hol­ landsworth, Jr.; Lowell K. Cuuning- Robert W. Jessee S. 136. An act for the relief of Ioannis ham Lee W. Stewart Stephanes; James H. Harris SENATE S. 166. An act for the relief of Anna M. To be ensigns Kinat (Mrs. John P. Taylor); MoNDAY, JANUARY 26, 1948 Marshall V. Perry Charles R. E. Deily S . 167. An act for the relief of Mrs. Yoneko Thomas H. Boothman Earl F. Liebtag, Jr. Nakazawa; The Chaplain, Rev. Peter Marshall, S. 185. An act for the relief of Thomas James c. Carroll Harold H. Reichert D. D .. ofiered the following prayer: Fred L. Cofer, Jr. William D. Warne Abadia; S. 186. An act for the relief of Santiago To be lieutenants (junior grade) 0 God our Father, we pray that the Naveran; Robert C. Doerpinghaus people of America, who have made such S.187. An act for the relief of Antonio William E. Nims progress in material things, may now Arguinzonis; NURSE CORPS OP' THE NAVY seek to grow in spiritual understanding. 8.189. An act for the relief of Simon Fermin Ibarra; To be ensign For we have improved means, but not improved ends. · We have better ways of S.190. An act for the relief of ~edro Patricia L. Ratcliffe getting there. but we have no better Ugalde; APPOINTMENTS IN THE LINE OF THE NAVY S.191. An act for the relief of Julian places to go. We can save more time, Uriarte; To be commander but are not making any better use of S.192. An act for the relief of Juan William L. Eagleton the time we save. · Llona;