National Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month

History National Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month began as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, first observed in 1979 under President Jimmy Carter, who noted the “enormous contributions to the sciences, arts, industry, government and commerce” made by Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders. In 1990, President George H.W. Bush expanded the celebration to cover the whole month of May. May was chosen by the organizers in recognition of May 7, 1843, the date the first Japanese immigrants arrived in the United States, and in recognition of May 10, 1869, which marked the completion of the transcontinental railroad, which would not have been possible without the contributions of Chinese-Americans.

How Jeanie Jew’s Story Led to the Creation of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month https://time.com/5592591/asian-pacific-heritage-month-history/

Who are Asians and Pacific Islanders?

The current population of Asia is over 4.6 billion people, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) have a based on the latest United Nations estimates. Asia population of about 2.3 million people, spread across a population is equivalent to 60% of the total world unique and diverse region made up of hundreds of population. Asia ranks number 1 among regions of the islands, and scattered over an area equivalent to 15 world (roughly equivalent to "continents"), ordered by percent of the globe's surface. The 27 Pacific Islander population. The 27 Asian ethnicities include: ethnicities include:

East Asian South Asian Melanesia Micronesia • Asian Indian • Bangladeshi • Papua New Guinea • Commonwealth of • Chinese • Burmese • Solomon Islands Northern Mariana Islands • Taiwanese • Indian • New Caledonia (14 islands including • Japanese • Pakistani • Vanuatu Saipan, Rota, and Tinian) • Korean • Sri Lankan • Fiji • Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Southeast Asian West Asian Polynesia Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap) • Burmese • Iranian • Tuvalu • Gilbert Islands • Cambodian • Iraqi • Wallis and Futuna • Guam • Filipino • Lebanese • Tokelau • Nauru • Hmong • Saudi Arabia • Samoa • Republic of Palau • Indonesian • Palestinian • American Samoa • Republic of Kiribati • Laotian • Syrian • Tonga • Republic of Marshall • Malaysian • Niue Islands • Mien • Cook Islands • Singaporean • French Polynesia Native Hawaiian • Thai • Pitcairn • Vietnamese * (United States Affiliation)

UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals Diversity, Equity, Inclusion Committee National Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders have a history in America that stretches back hundreds of years. The first record of Asians in North America dates to 1587, when Filipino sailors came to what is now California. The first Chinese people recorded in the United States were three sailors who came to Baltimore in 1785 as part of an interracial shipping crew.

U.S. Population: Asian Alone or in Combination with Other Rates of Limited English Proficiency Races 32.6% of Asian Americans are Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders in the United States not fluent in English. In 2017, 34% increased by 45 percent between 2000 and 2010, making 74.4% of Asian Americans them one of the fastest growing minority groups in the spoke a language other than country. According to the 2017 Census Bureau population English at home. estimate, there are 18.2 million Asian Americans and 1.5 9% million NHPIs living in the United States. Asian Americans The percentage who "do not account for 5.6 percent of the nation's population, whereas speak English very well" varies among Asian American groups: NHPIs make up about 0.45% of the population. US Pop Asian and 48.9% of Vietnamese, 44.8% of Pacific Islanders Population Percentages Chinese, 20.9% of Filipinos, 18.7% of Asian Indians, and 2% 62% of Native Hawaiians are not fluent in English.

42% 42% Education 37% 34% 33% 86.9% of all Asians and 89.4% of NHPIs graduated high school 23% 26% compared to 92.9% of non-Hispanic whites. 53.8% of Asians and 15% 23.3% of NHPIs earned at least a Bachelors, compared to 35.8% of 6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 0.4% whites. 23.6% of Asians and 6.9% of NHPIs held a graduate degree, compared to 13.8% of whites. USA CA Bay Area Alameda SF 93% 87% 89% White Asian NHPI 54%

36% Changing Race/Ethnicity of Adolescents 23% 24% 14% Today, there are almost 42 million adolescents between the 7% ages of 10 and 19 in the United States, and adolescents make up 12.9 percent of the population. As the U.S. High School Bachelors Graduate population ages, adolescents will represent a smaller proportion of the total. By 2050, estimates show that White Asian NHPI adolescents will make up 11.3 percent of the population. 2016 53.0% White 2050 40.8% Insurance Coverage 2016 5.0% Asian In 2017, 73.7% of Asians Rate of Uninsured 2050 7.3% 2016 0.2% and 66.9% of NHPIs in NHPI comparison to 75.4% 2050 0.2% White 5.9% non-Hispanic whites used private health Asian 6.6% Median Annual Poverty Rate insurance. 26.3% of Income Asians and 33.5% of NHPI White $65,834 White 10% NHPIs in comparison to 8.3% Asian $83,456 33.7% of non-Hispanic NHPI $60,734 Asian 11% whites relied on public NHPI 15% health insurance.

UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals Diversity, Equity, Inclusion Committee National Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month

HEALTH DISPARITIES Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites

Resources TUBERCULOSIS CANCER 15x 10% Asian Pacific American Heritage Month More likely to suffer more likely to die of cancer www.asianpacificheritage.gov/ from TB The Asian Pacific American Institute for 8x more likely to die OBESITY Congressional Studies from TB http://apaics.org/apa-heritage-month/ 80%

more likely to be National Association of Asian American LIVER obese for NHPIs Professionals CANCER https://www.naaap.org/apahm2020/

70% ASTHMA U.S. Department of Health and Human Services more likely to Office of Minority Health Resource Center die of liver 30% https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/ cancer more likely to

have asthma for Pew Research Center 8x NHPIs https://www.pewresearch.org/topics/asian-

More likely americans/

develop liver cancer for HEPATITIS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services American 3x Office of Population Affairs Samoan men More likely to suffer https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/facts-and- from Hep A stats/changing-face-of-americas- 4.5x adolescents/index.html STOMACH CANCER more likely to suffer from Hep B 2x UCSF BCH Resources more likely to die of stomach cancer DIABETES Asian Health Institute https://ahi.ucsf.edu/ 40%

more likely to be INFANT MORTALITY Asian Pacific American Systemwide Alliance diabetic for Asians (APASA) 60% https://diversity.ucsf.edu/committees/3434826 greater for NHPIs 2.5x

More likely to be Asian Heart and Vascular Center

4x diabetic for NHPIs https://www.ucsfhealth.org/clinics/asian-heart-

More likely to receive and-vascular-center

late or no prenatal 80% care for NHPIs More likely to have

end-stage renal disease for Asians

Source: Families USA UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals Diversity, Equity, Inclusion Committee