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Freemasonry, Geoff Ludowyk AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND MASONIC RESEARCH COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS 2008 Biennial meeting and conference 3–5 October 2008 Edited and typeset by Tony Pope Photocopied and distributed by Kent Henderson Published by Australian & New Zealand Masonic Research Council PO Box 1080 Newport Victoria 3015 Australia. ISSN 1039-611X Copyright © Australian & New Zealand Masonic Research Council 2008 All authors retain copyright of their respective papers. Contents page Agenda ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 The Kellerman Lectures— A finishing school for Presidents: the Masonic Presidents of the Orange Free State, Rodney Grosskopff ......... 5 greenMasonry: Nature and Freemasonry, Geoff Ludowyk ............................................................................... 21 Oamaru: Aspects of early New Zealand Stonemasonry and Freemasonry, Gordon Fraser ............................... 31 The Masonic Mozart: wayward prodigy or product of his times? David Beagley ............................................. 47 Freemasonry: An Initiate Order, Ian Green ....................................................................................................... 57 The Ark of the Covenant, David Ganon .............................................................................................................. 63 The Australian connection in the development of Freemasonry in New Zealand, Colin Heyward .................... 81 The Calendar and Masonry, Harvey Lovewell .................................................................................................. 97 List of previous Kellerman Lectures ........................................................................................................................ 109 Constitution ............................................................................................................................................................. 110 Directory of Associates ............................................................................................................................................ 113 Directory of Affiliates .............................................................................................................................................. 116 page 3 Conference program Friday 3 October 4 PM ANZMRC Committee meeting at the Queanbeyan Masonic Hall (Temple) 6.30 PM Conference registration at the Queanbeyan Masonic Hall (Temple) 7 PM A finishing school for Presidents: the Masonic Presidents of the Orange Free State by WBro Rodney E Grosskopff, DipArchRand, PADGM (SAfN), PSGD (EC), PM Lyceum Lodge of Research EC, Johannesburg 8.30 PM Festive Board/Supper Saturday 4 October 8.30 AM Conference registration at the Queanbeyan Masonic Hall (Temple) 8.45 AM Official Opening of the 9th Biennial Conference of ANZMRC 9 AM greenMasonry: Nature and Freemasonry by VWBro Geoffrey Ludowyk, PDGIW (NSW&ACT), Canberra Lodge of Research & Instruction 10.30 AM Morning tea 11 AM Oamaru: Aspects of early New Zealand Stonemasonry and Freemasonry by WBro Gordon Fraser, PGSwB (NZ), PM Midland District Lodge of Research 12.30 PM Lunch 1.30 PM The Masonic Mozart: wayward prodigy or product of his times? by WBro David Beagley, BA(Hons), DipEd(Sec), BEd(Libr), MEd, Victorian Lodge of Research 3 PM Afternoon tea 3.30 PM Freemasonry: An Initiate Order by WBro Ian Robert Green, BAppSc(Surv), MIS(Aust), LS(Tas), PGStB (Tas), Launceston Lodge of Research 7 PM Conference Dinner and Presentations at the Queanbeyan (Rugby) Leagues Club Sunday 5 October 9 AM The Ark of the Covenant by RWBro David Ganon, OAM, SGW (WA), SW Western Australian Lodge of Research 10.30 AM Morning tea 11 AM The Australian connection in the development of Freemasonry in New Zealand by VWBro Colin Heyward, PGLec (NZ), FANZMRC, Secretary Hawke’s Bay Research Lodge 12.30 PM Lunch 1.30 PM The Calendar and Masonry by WBro Harvey Lovewell, KL (Q 1998), Secretary W H J Mayers Memorial Lodge of Research 3 PM ANZMRC Biennial General Meeting c.4 PM Conference closes. page 4 2008 Kellerman Lecture for South Africa A FINISHING SCHOOL FOR PRESIDENTS: The Masonic Presidents of the Orange Free State by Rodney Grosskopff This is the story of three men who can rightly claim to have moulded the Orange Free State into a model republic. They each had different strengths, skills and qualities, but they all had this in common: all were Freemasons, and all were initiated in Lodge de Goede Hoop. Let me introduce them to you: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius: Johannes Hendricus Brand: Francis William Reitz: Handsome, Headstrong and Impetuous Stately, Serene and Wise Academic, Passionate and Ambitious Lodge de Goede Hoop, Cape Town All sketches copyright by the author Their lives overlap, intertwine, and confront one another, which makes the telling complicated. I have therefore tried as far as possible to tell their stories individually but keep a chronological line running between them. ANZMRC 9th biennial conference, Queanbeyan, NSW, Australia, Friday 3 October 2008 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius Marthinus was born in Graaf Reinet in 1819, the eldest son of Andries Pretorius, the famous Voortrekker leader. He had little chance of a formal education but somehow he managed to master a good handwriting and a good command of language, probably from private tuition, the custom amongst the Boers at the time.1 There was great discontent between the Boers (the Dutch settlers) and the English in Graaf Reinet at the time. One of the issues was education. Although the first school was opened in 1806, Lord Charles Somerset decreed in 1822 that English would be the only medium of instruction. This was only rescinded in 1834, by Sir Benjamin D’Urban, by which time Marthinus had joined his father on his campaigns. In 1837 he joined his father on the First Trek northwards; the Boers, in their need to get as far away as possible from British rule and taxes, decided to push north into the relatively unoccupied hinterland. They sold their farms. The only buyers were the English settlers from Albany (Port Elisabeth district), who bought them for a song, intensifying the Boers’ resentment. It has been strongly rumoured that Andries Pretorius, his father, was a Mason, initiated in Lodge Vereeniging (Unity). The lodge was consecrated in 1830, but was closed down in 1837, after the First Trek left, ‘because all of their members left on the Trek’; its records were sent to Lodge de Geode Hoop for safe keeping, but unfortunately they were destroyed in a disastrous fire. The lodge was reopened by Sir Christoffel Brand in November 1865.2 This leads to interesting speculation about the conversations around the camp fire. I am sure that his father would have spoken of his dreams of a united Boer Volk (people), filled in his education, with debate on his philosophies of life, his religion and beliefs, possibly about Freemasonry. If his father was not a Freemason, certainly many of his friends were. They may even have had Masonic meetings in the many months slowly inching their way northwards. After the Trek, he joined his father’s commando in Zululand; he participated in the action against Dingaan and was a survivor of Blood River. There, he learnt to be a man of action; he was forced to make quick decisions and live by his instincts, to settle disputes by banging heads together, and getting his way by his own physical presence. On 19 December 1841 he married Aletta Magdalena, widow of his friend Francois Smit. They had several children but only one survived, Christiana Petronella, after whom he named the town Christiana, and the lake near their farm, Chrissies Meer. Marthinus was happy on his farm until the British annexed Natal, then he led his own Trek to the Transvaal, where he settled on a farm, Kalkheuvel (Chalk hill), on the banks of the Hartebeesport dam, near to his father’s farm, Grootplaas. Although he was happy to remain in the background, his father’s death in 1853 forced him back reluctantly into public life when he was elected Commandant General in his father’s place. There he showed a natural ability to handle problems at a national level—with his back ground as a Trek and Commando leader, and the fact that he was a personable man, good looking, with remarkably blue eyes and a noble head. Not surprisingly, in January 1857 he was elected President of the Transvaal. He adopted his father’s dreams of uniting the Boer people into one republic. By the end of the first year in office he brought the republics of Zoutpansberg, Utrecht and Lydenberg into the fold, with only the Free State remaining outside. He bought two farms with a view to establishing a new capital for the Transvaal. He presented them to the Volksraad (Parliament) as a fait-accompli. He was devastated when they postponed the proposal indefinitely,3 but two years later the town was founded and he named it Pretoria, after his father. From the outset he had his eye on the Free State. He went to Bloemfontein to try to coerce them into a Union. They threw him out. He then claimed £3000 from the Volksraad, for ammunition paid for by his father, for one of the Basuto campaigns. They voted him £1500 and sent him on his way. When President Boshoff resigned as President of the Orange Free State in 1859,4 Pretorius, while still President of the South African Republic (the Transvaal), decided to stand for election—against the advice of Sir George Grey, who informed him that Britain would
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