Coptic Language.Pdf

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Coptic Language.Pdf Αςπι `νΧημι Coptic Language اللغة القبطية ϫινϭι `ςβω `ναςπι `νΧημι Learning Coptic Language تعلم اللغة القبطية Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية αβγδεζηθ ι κλμνξοπρς τυφχψωϣϥϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية alpha, άλφα beta, βήτα gamma, γάμμα [a] [aː] [b] [v] [ɡ] [ŋ] [ɣ] ج =γ = g ب = β = b أ = α = a غ = γ + ω = gh ڤ = v =حرف متحرك α = a= car β+ vowel غ = β = b = Bag γ + ο = gh غ = β = v = very γ + α = gh ﻧﻜﺲ = γ + ξ = nx ﻧﻚ = γ + χ = nk ﻧﻚ = γ+κ = nk ﻧﺞ = γ+γ= ng delta, δέλτα epsilon, έψιλον zeta, ζήτα [d] [ð] ei, ει [z] ذ = e] ζ = z] د = δ = d ا = in Greek words) ε = e) ذ = δ = z ε = a = age في الﻜلمات اليوﻧاﻧية ε = e = went Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية eta, ήτα theta, θήτα iota, ιωτα [i] [tʰ] [i] إ = ι = i ث = θ = th إ = η = I ﺗﻢ θ + μ = tm η = e = ear ι = i = need ت = θ + τ = t ﺗﺲ = θ + ς = ts ﺗﺶ = θ + ϣ = tsh ت = θ = t في اللهجات (in southern dialect) الجنوبية kappa, κάππα lambda, λάμδα mi, μυ [k] [l] [m] م = μ = m ل = λ = l ك = κ = k Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية ni, νυ xi, ξι omicron, [n] [ks] όμικρον [o] أكﺲ = ξ = x ن = ν = n ο = o و = ου = ο ουε = owe ουα = owa ουο = owo ουω = o-o pi, πι rho, ρώ sigma, σίγμα [p] [r] [s] [z] س = ς = s ر = ρ = r ب = π = p زم = ς + μ = zm (in greek words) في الﻜلمات اليوﻧاﻧية Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية tau, ταυ upsilon, ύψιλον phi, φι [t] [i] [v] [pʰ] [f] ف = φ = f ي = υ = i ت = τ = t أڤ = α + υ = av (in greek words) في الﻜلمات اليوﻧاﻧية α + υ = aʊ or av = aw or av (ﻧطق حديث modern pronunciation) (in coptic words at end of word) في الﻜلمات القبطية في ﻧهاية الﻜلمة α + υ = a (in coptic words in middle of word) في الﻜلمات القبطية في وسط الﻜلمة ε + υ = ev (in greek words and in some coptic في الﻜلمات اليوﻧاﻧي وبعض الﻜلمات (words القبطي Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية chi, χι psi, ψι omega, ωμέγα [k] [kʰ] [ʃ] [ps] [o:] أو = ω = o بﺲ = ψ = ps في الكلمات القبطي χ = k χ = k ωου = ο in coptic words ὼου = o - o في الكلمات القبطي ﺷي = χ + υ = shi ﺷﻰ = χ + ι = shi ﺷﻰ = χ + ε = she ﺷي = χ + η = shi خو = χ + ω = kho خو = χ + ο = kho خا = χ + α = kha Shai, ϣαι fai, ϥαι Khai, ϧαι [ʃ] [f] [kʰ] خ = ϧ = kh ف = ϥ = f ش = ϣ = sh Coptic Alphabet حروف اللغة القبطية Hori, ϩορι Gingia, ϫινϫια Tshima, ϭιμα [h] [g][ʒ] [tʃ] ج = ϫ = g ه = ϩ = h ﺗﺶ = ϭ = tsh ﭽي = ϫ + I = ji ﭽ ϫ + e = je Ti,ϯ [ti] ﺗي = ϯ = ti Πι λαυ `μμευι the sentence الجملة A simple sentence in coptic language is made by Subject + Verb + (`ν ,`μ , `ε “complement indicator”) + object “complement” Or Subject + Verb + object الجملة البسيطة في اللغة القبطية تتكون مما يلي: الفاعل+ الفعل+ ν , `μ , `ε` + المفعول Example أداة للدﻻلة مثال على المفعول الفاعل+ الفعل +المفعول ϯ `ςϧαι `ν (ου) ϫωμ I write (a) book كتاب أكتب أنا Indefinite & Definite أدوات التعريف والتنﻜير جمع بنوعيه مفرد مؤﻧث مفرد مذكر Singular Singular Plural (both) masculine feminine Indefinite article Ου Ου Ϩαν أداة ﻧﻜرة A , An One One Some of بعض مﻦ واحدة واحد Generic definite Πι Ϯ Νι أدوات التعريف العامة ”article “the الـ Particular usage `π `τ Νεν أدوات التعريف definite After `ντε الخاصة ”article “The الـ Particular usage `φ `θ Before words أدوات التعريف definite beginning الخاصة article “The” with الـ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير ου `ςϩιμι ϩαν `ςϩιμι ου ρωμι ϩαν ρωμι a woman women a man men رجال رجل نﺴاء إمرأة Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite article article article article plural أداة تنكير plural أداة تنكير أداة تنكير مفرد أداة تنكير مفرد جﻤﻊ جﻤﻊ Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير إذا سبق حرف الجر أداة التنﻜير يدمجان معا كاﻷﺗي If the preposition ε comes before indefinite article they merge together to make: ευ Ε + ου = ευ إلي صحراء Towards a desert Ε ουϣαϥε › ευϣαϥε أداة التنﻜير كأداة ﺗعبر عﻦ الجزء Indefinite article as partitive جزء مﻦ مر Some Myrrh Ου ϣαλ Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير ﺗستخدم أداة التنﻜير قبل اﻻسﻢ في ﺗركيب مﻜمل الفعل ، الحال ، The indefinite article is used before nouns in الظرف .(adverbial constructions (adverb باستقامة Righteously Σωουτεν › ϧεν ου ςωουτεν بحق ، حقا truly Μεθμηι › Ϧεν ου μεθμηι Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير حاﻻت حذف أداة التنكير The cases of removing indefinite article إذا جاءت ، كل ، بعد اﻻسم حذف أداة التنكير , removing indefinite article if the word , all, every follows a noun Νιβεν إنسان كل Every man Ρωμι νιβεν إذا تﻼ اﻻسم رقم حذف أداة التنكير removing indefinite article If the noun is followed by number رجﻼن Two men Ρωμι `ςναυ إذا ما سبق اﻻسم أداة نفي حذف أداة التنكير removing indefinite article If the noun is preceded by negation article `μμον `μμον ﺷيء ﻻ No thing `μμον ενχαι Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير حذف أداة التنﻜير إذا جاءت الﻜلمات التالية قبل اﻻسﻢ removing indefinite article If the following words precedes a noun αϭνε , χωρις , ϩως αϭνε , χωρις , ϩως دون معرفة Without knowledge Αϭνε ςωουν كـ حﻜيﻢ As (a) wise Ϩως ςαβε حذف أداة التنﻜير إذا كاﻧت الﻜلمتان ﺗﻜوﻧان كلمة مركبة removing indefinite article If the two words are forming compound noun حقل زيتون A field (of) olive Ου ιαϩ-ϫωιτ Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير حذف أداة التنﻜير إذا كاﻧت الﻜلمتان ﺗﻜوﻧان كلمة مركبة removing indefinite article If the two words are forming compound verb or noun فعل أو اسﻢ يدعو ، يسمي To call Ραν > ϯ + ραν > Ϯραν محب الطاعة ، طيع acquiescent, docile Μαιςωτεμ حذف أداة التنﻜير إذا سبق اﻻسﻢ حرف جر يمﻜﻦ حذف أداة removing indefinite article If the word is التنﻜير preceded by a preposition هو يبرر شخصا He Justifies someone αϥμαιο `ν ουον Indefinite article أدوات التنﻜير حذف أداة التنﻜير في حالة سرد اﻷسماء باستخدام أحد حروف removing indefinite article in case of repeating العطف nouns using the following conjunctions ϩι , ιε , ειτε , ουδε ϩι , ιε , ειτε , ουδε أخت أو أب أو أم أو امرأة Sister or father or mother or woman Σωνι ιε ιωτ ιε μαυ ιε `ςϩιμι ﺗحذف اﻷداة مﻦ اﻷسماء التي ﺗقبل الضمائر الشخصية في removing indefinite article in case of adding ﻧهايتها pronoun at the end of the noun حضﻦ › حضنه Bosom › his bosom κεν › κενϥ Indefinite & Definite أدوات التعريف والتنﻜير ϯ `ςϩιμι νι `ςϩιμι πι ρωμι νι ρωμι the woman the women the man the men رجال ال رجل ال نﺴاء ال إمرأة ال Definite Definite Definite Definite article article article article feminine plural masculine plural أداة تعريف singular أداة تعريف singular جﻤﻊ أداة تعريف جﻤﻊ أداة تعريف مذكر مفرد مؤنث مفرد Indefinite & Definite أدوات التعريف والتنﻜير `φ νουϯ νι νουϯ `θ νουνι νι νουνι the God the Gods the root the root أصول ال أصل ال ألهة ال إله ال Definite article Definite Definite article Definite masculine singular article feminine singular article With words beginning plural With words beginning plural أداة تعريف :with أداة تعريف :with جﻤﻊ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ جﻤﻊ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ أداة تعريف مؤنث مفرد أداة تعريف مذكر مفرد مﻊ الكلﻤات التي تبدأ مﻊ الكلﻤات التي تبدأ بالحروف التالية بالحروف التالية Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ Indefinite & Definite أدوات التعريف والتنﻜير ϩαν γενεα `ντε νεν ϣηρι `ν νι ρωμι descendancy of the sons of the men بﺸر ال أبناء ال ذرية أداة ربط بعد أداة أداة ربط أداة تنكير الربط Indefinite & Definite أدوات التعريف والتنﻜير `π εμι νι εμι `τ αφε νι αφε the science the sciences the head the heads رؤوس ال رأس ال ﻋلوم ال ﻋلﻢ ال Definite article Definite article singular masculine singular feminine used used alternatively alternatively with ϯ أداة تعريف مفرد مؤنث with πι تﺴتخدم بالتبادل مﻊ أداة تعريف مفرد مذكر ϯ تﺴتخدم بالتبادل مﻊ πι Singular & Plural الﻤفرد والجﻤﻊ • The singular in coptic Language usually indicated by ου in front of the noun • The plural in coptic is indicated by adding ϩαν in front of indefinite noun and νι , νεν in front of definite noun. • There is a small number of irregular plural. المفرد في اللغة القبطية يتكون من إضافة أداة نكرة قبل اﻻسم للمفرد Ου الجمع في اللغة القبطية يتكون من إضافة أداة النكرة للجمع أو أداة التعريف للجمع للجمع Ϩαν للجمع Νι , νεν Singular & Plural الﻤفرد والجﻤﻊ ου `ςϩιμι ϩαν `ςϩιμι ου ρωμι ϩαν ρωμι a woman women a man men رجال رجل نﺴاء إمرأة `π εμι νι εμι `τ αφε νι αφε the science the sciences the head the heads رؤوس ال رأس ال ﻋلوم ال ﻋلﻢ ϩαν γενεα `ντε νεν ϣηρι `ν νι ρωμι descendancy of the sons of the men بﺸر ال أبناء ال ذرية Irregular plural الجﻤﻊ غير القياسي There are irregular nouns in plural around 150 nouns : هناك أسﻤاء حوالي150 اسﻢ يختلف جﻤعها ﻋﻦ الطريقة القياسية الﺴابقة Example مثال Αβοτ Αβητ month months شهور شهر Days , seasons , months اﻷيام والفصول والﺸهور اﻻحد ϯ κυριακη Sunday اﻻحد πι ουαι Sunday اﻻثنيﻦ πι `ςναυ Monday الثﻼثاء πι ϣομτ Tuesday اﻷربعاء πι `ϥτου Wednesday الخميﺲ πι `τιου Thursday الجمعة ϯ παραςκευη Friday الجمعة πι ςοου Friday السبت πι ςαββατον Saturday السبت πι ϣαϣϥ saturday Days , seasons , months اﻷيام والفصول والﺸهور اسﻢ الشهر بداية الشهر الشهر Name Of Month Month northern dialect suddern dialect Coptic Arabic beginning of month عربي قبطي لهجة جنوبية لهجة شمالية Tūt 11 September – 10 October ﺗوت θωουτ θοοτ Thout 1 Bāba 11 October – 9 November بابه παοπι πααπε Paopi 2 Hātūr 10 November – 9 December هاﺗور αθορ ϩατωρ Hathor 3 Kiyāhk 10 December – 8 January كيهاك χοιακ κιαϩκ Koiak 4 Ṭūba 9 January – 7 February طوبه Ϯωβι Ϯωβε Tobi 5 Amshīr 8 February – 9 Marchأمشير μεϣιρ μεϣηρ Meshir 6 Baramhāt 10 March – 8 Aprilبرمهات φαρεμϩατ παρεμϩατ Paremhat 7 Baramūda 9 April – 8 Mayبرموده Φαρμοθι παραμουτε Parmouti 8 Bashans 9 May – 7 Juneبشنﺲ Παϣανς Παϣονς Pashons 9 Ba’ūnah 8 June – 7 Julyبؤﻧة Παωνι Παωνε Paoni 10 Abīb 8 July – 6 August أبيب Επηπ Επεπ Epip 11 Misrá 7 August – 5 Septemberمسرى Μεςωρη Μεςωρη Mesori 12 Nasī’ 6–10 September ﻧسيئ πι κουϫι `ναβοτ πι κουϫι `ναβοτ Pi Kogi Enavot 13 Days , seasons , months اﻷيام والفصول والﺸهور الربيع πι ϩη`νϣωμ spring الخريف πι ϩη`νεφρω autumn الصيف πι ϣωμ summer الشتاء ϯ `φρω winter Coordinates الجهات الشرق π ειεβτ east` الغرب π εμεντ west`
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