Αςπι `νΧημι Coptic Language اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ϫινϭι `ςβω `ναςπι `νΧημι Learning Coptic Language ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϣ ϥ ϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ alpha, άλφα beta, βήτα gamma, γάμμα [a] [aː] [b] [v] [ɡ] [ŋ] [ɣ] ج = γ = g ب = β = b أ = α = a غ = γ + ω = gh ڤ = v =ﺣﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك α = a= car β+ vowel غ = β = b = Bag γ + ο = gh غ = β = v = very γ + α = gh ﻧﻜﺲ = γ + ξ = nx ﻧﻚ = γ + χ = nk ﻧﻚ = γ+κ = nk ﻧﺞ = γ+γ= ng delta, δέλτα epsilon, έψιλον zeta, ζήτα [d] [ð] ei, ει [z] ذ = e] ζ = z] د = δ = d ا = in Greek words) ε = e) ذ = δ = z ε = a = age ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﯿﻮﻧﺎﻧﯿﺔ ε = e = went Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ eta, ήτα theta, θήτα iota, ιωτα [i] [tʰ] [i] إ = ι = i ث = θ = th إ = η = I ﺗﻢ θ + μ = tm η = e = ear ι = i = need ت = θ + τ = t ﺗﺲ = θ + ς = ts ﺗﺶ = θ + ϣ = tsh ت = θ = t ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﮭﺠﺎت (in southern dialect) اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﯿﺔ kappa, κάππα lambda, λάμδα mi, μυ [k] [l] [m] م = μ = m ل = λ = l ك = κ = k Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ni, νυ xi, ξι omicron, [n] [ks] όμικρον [o] أﻛﺲ = ξ = x ن = ν = n ο = o و = ου = ο ουε = owe ουα = owa ουο = owo ουω = o-o pi, πι rho, ρώ sigma, σίγμα [p] [r] [s] [z] س = ς = s ر = ρ = r ب = π = p زم = ς + μ = zm (in greek words) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﯿﻮﻧﺎﻧﯿﺔ Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ tau, ταυ upsilon, ύψιλον phi, φι [t] [i] [v] [pʰ] [f] ف = φ = f ي = υ = i ت = τ = t أڤ = α + υ = av (in greek words) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﯿﻮﻧﺎﻧﯿﺔ α + υ = aʊ or av = aw or av (ﻧﻄﻖ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ modern pronunciation) (in coptic words at end of word) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻄﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ α + υ = a (in coptic words in middle of word) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺒﻄﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ε + υ = ev (in greek words and in some coptic ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﯿﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت (words اﻟﻘﺒﻄﻲ Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ chi, χι psi, ψι omega, ωμέγα [k] [kʰ] [ʃ] [ps] [o:] أو = ω = o ﺑﺲ = ψ = ps ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﻘﺑطﻲ χ = k χ = k ωου = ο in coptic words ὼου = o - o ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﻘﺑطﻲ ﺷﻲ = χ + υ = shi ﺷﻰ = χ + ι = shi ﺷﻰ = χ + ε = she ﺷﻲ = χ + η = shi ﺧو = χ + ω = kho ﺧو = χ + ο = kho ﺧﺎ = χ + α = kha Shai, ϣαι fai, ϥαι Khai, ϧαι [ʃ] [f] [kʰ] خ = ϧ = kh ف = ϥ = f ش = ϣ = sh Coptic Alphabet ﺣروف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ Hori, ϩορι Gingia, ϫινϫια Tshima, ϭιμα [h] [g][ʒ] [tʃ] ج = ϫ = g ه = ϩ = h ﺗﺶ = ϭ = tsh ﭽي = ϫ + I = ji ﭽ ϫ + e = je Ti,ϯ [ti] ﺗﻲ = ϯ = ti Πι λαυ `μμευι the sentence اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ A simple sentence in coptic language is made by Subject + Verb + (`ν ,`μ , `ε “complement indicator”) + object “complement” Or Subject + Verb + object اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺑﺳﯾطﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ﺗﺗﻛون ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ: اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ + اﻟﻔﻌﻞ + ν , `μ , `ε` + اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل Example ﻣﺛﺎل أداة ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ + اﻟﻔﻌﻞ + اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ϯ `ςϧαι `ν (ου) ϫωμ I write (a) book ﻛﺘﺎب أﻛﺘﺐ أﻧﺎ Indefinite & Definite أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﯿﮫ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺬﻛﺮ Singular Singular Plural (both) masculine feminine Indefinite article Ου Ου Ϩαν أداة ﻧﻜﺮة A , An One One Some of ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ واﺣﺪة واﺣﺪ Generic definite Πι Ϯ Νι أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ”article “the اﻟـ Particular usage `π `τ Νεν أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ definite After `ντε اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ”article “The اﻟـ Particular usage `φ `θ Before words أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ definite beginning اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ article “The” with اﻟـ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ου `ςϩιμι ϩαν `ςϩιμι ου ρωμι ϩαν ρωμι a woman women a man men رﺟﺎل رﺟﻞ ﻧﺴﺎء إﻣﺮأة Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite article article article article plural أداة ﺗﻨﻜﯿﺮ plural أداة ﺗﻨﻜﯿﺮ أداة ﺗﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﺮد أداة ﺗﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﺮد ﺟﻤﻊ ﺟﻤﻊ Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ إذا ﺳﺒﻖ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﯾﺪﻣﺠﺎن ﻣﻌﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻲ If the preposition ε comes before indefinite article they merge together to make: ευ Ε + ου = ευ إﻟﻲ ﺻﺤﺮاء Towards a desert Ε ουϣαϥε › ευϣαϥε أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﻛﺄداة ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء Indefinite article as partitive ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮ Some Myrrh Ου ϣαλ Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ، اﻟﺤﺎل ، The indefinite article is used before nouns in اﻟﻈﺮف .(adverbial constructions (adverb ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ Righteously Σωουτεν › ϧεν ου ςωουτεν ﺑﺤﻖ ، ﺣﻘﺎ truly Μεθμηι › Ϧεν ου μεθμηι Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺣذف أداة اﻟﺗﻧﻛﯾر The cases of removing indefinite article ﺑﻌد اﻻﺳم ، ﻛل ، إذا ﺟﺎءت ﺣذف أداة اﻟﺗﻧﻛﯾر , removing indefinite article if the word , all, every follows a noun Νιβεν إﻧﺳﺎن ﻛل Every man Ρωμι νιβεν إذا ﺗﻼ اﻻﺳم رﻗم ﺣذف أداة اﻟﺗﻧﻛﯾر removing indefinite article If the noun is followed by number رﺟﻼن Two men Ρωμι `ςναυ إذا ﻣﺎ ﺳﺑق اﻻﺳم أداة ﻧﻔﻲ ﺣذف أداة اﻟﺗﻧﻛﯾر removing indefinite article If the noun is preceded by negation article `μμον `μμον ﺷﻲء ﻻ No thing `μμον ενχαι Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﺣﺬف أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ إذا ﺟﺎءت اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ removing indefinite article If the following words precedes a noun αϭνε , χωρις , ϩως αϭνε , χωρις , ϩως دون ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ Without knowledge Αϭνε ςωουν ﻛـ ﺣﻜﯿﻢ As (a) wise Ϩως ςαβε ﺣﺬف أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ removing indefinite article If the two words are forming compound noun ﺣﻘﻞ زﯾﺘﻮن A field (of) olive Ου ιαϩ-ϫωιτ Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﺣﺬف أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ removing indefinite article If the two words are forming compound verb or noun ﻓﻌﻞ أو اﺳﻢ ﯾﺪﻋﻮ ، ﯾﺴﻤﻲ To call Ραν > ϯ + ραν > Ϯραν ﻣﺤﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ، طﯿﻊ acquiescent, docile Μαιςωτεμ ﺣﺬف أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ إذا ﺳﺒﻖ اﻻﺳﻢ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬف أداة removing indefinite article If the word is اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ preceded by a preposition ھﻮ ﯾﺒﺮر ﺷﺨﺼﺎ He Justifies someone αϥμαιο `ν ουον Indefinite article أدوات اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﺣﺬف أداة اﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﺮد اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺪ ﺣﺮوف removing indefinite article in case of repeating اﻟﻌﻄﻒ nouns using the following conjunctions ϩι , ιε , ειτε , ουδε ϩι , ιε , ειτε , ουδε أﺧﺖ أو أب أو أم أو اﻣﺮأة Sister or father or mother or woman Σωνι ιε ιωτ ιε μαυ ιε `ςϩιμι ﺗﺤﺬف اﻷداة ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ removing indefinite article in case of adding ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺘﮭﺎ pronoun at the end of the noun ﺣﻀﻦ › ﺣﻀﻨﮫ Bosom › his bosom κεν › κενϥ Indefinite & Definite أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ϯ `ςϩιμι νι `ςϩιμι πι ρωμι νι ρωμι the woman the women the man the men رﺟﺎل ال رﺟﻞ ال ﻧﺴﺎء ال إﻣﺮأة ال Definite Definite Definite Definite article article article article feminine plural masculine plural أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ singular أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ singular ﺟﻤﻊ أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺟﻤﻊ أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﻔﺮد Indefinite & Definite أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ `φ νουϯ νι νουϯ `θ νουνι νι νουνι the God the Gods the root the root أﺻﻮل ال أﺻﻞ ال أﻟﮭﺔ ال إﻟﮫ ال Definite article Definite Definite article Definite masculine singular article feminine singular article With words beginning plural With words beginning plural أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ :with أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ :with ﺟﻤﻊ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ ﺟﻤﻊ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﻔﺮد أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ Β-ι-λ-μ-ν-ο-ρ Indefinite & Definite أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ ϩαν γενεα `ντε νεν ϣηρι `ν νι ρωμι descendancy of the sons of the men ﺑﺸﺮ ال أﺑﻨﺎء ال ذرﯾﺔ أداة رﺑﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ أداة أداة رﺑﻂ أداة ﺗﻨﻜﯿﺮ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ Indefinite & Definite أدوات اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ واﻟﺘﻨﻜﯿﺮ `π εμι νι εμι `τ αφε νι αφε the science the sciences the head the heads رؤوس ال رأس ال ﻋﻠﻮم ال ﻋﻠﻢ ال Definite article Definite article singular masculine singular feminine used used alternatively alternatively with ϯ أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺆﻧﺚ with πι ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎدل ﻣﻊ أداة ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ϯ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎدل ﻣﻊ πι Singular & Plural اﻟﻤﻔﺮد واﻟﺠﻤﻊ • The singular in coptic Language usually indicated by ου in front of the noun • The plural in coptic is indicated by adding ϩαν in front of indefinite noun and νι , νεν in front of definite noun. • There is a small number of irregular plural. اﻟﻣﻔرد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أداة ﻧﻛرة ﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم ﻟﻠﻣﻔرد Ου اﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺑطﯾﺔ ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أداة اﻟﻧﻛرة ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻊ أو أداة اﻟﺗﻌرﯾف ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻊ Ϩαν ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻊ Νι , νεν Singular & Plural اﻟﻤﻔﺮد واﻟﺠﻤﻊ ου `ςϩιμι ϩαν `ςϩιμι ου ρωμι ϩαν ρωμι a woman women a man men رﺟﺎل رﺟﻞ ﻧﺴﺎء إﻣﺮأة `π εμι νι εμι `τ αφε νι αφε the science the sciences the head the heads رؤوس ال رأس ال ﻋﻠﻮم ال ﻋﻠﻢ ϩαν γενεα `ντε νεν ϣηρι `ν νι ρωμι descendancy of the sons of the men ﺑﺸﺮ ال أﺑﻨﺎء ال ذرﯾﺔ Irregular plural اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﻲ There are irregular nouns in plural around 150 nouns : ھﻨﺎك أﺳﻤﺎء ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 150اﺳﻢ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ Example ﻣﺜﺎل Αβοτ Αβητ month months ﺷﮭﻮر ﺷﮭﺮ Days , seasons , months اﻷﯾﺎم واﻟﻔﺼﻮل واﻟﺸﮭﻮر اﻻﺣﺪ ϯ κυριακη Sunday اﻻﺣﺪ πι ουαι Sunday اﻻﺛﻨﯿﻦ πι `ςναυ Monday اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎء πι ϣομτ Tuesday اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء πι `ϥτου Wednesday اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺲ πι `τιου Thursday اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ϯ παραςκευη Friday اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ πι ςοου Friday اﻟﺴﺒﺖ πι ςαββατον Saturday اﻟﺴﺒﺖ πι ϣαϣϥ saturday Days , seasons , months اﻷﯾﺎم واﻟﻔﺼﻮل واﻟﺸﮭﻮر اﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ Name Of Month Month northern dialect suddern dialect Coptic Arabic beginning of month ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﻗﺒﻄﻲ ﻟﮭﺠﺔ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺠﺔ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ Tūt 11 September – 10 October ﺗﻮت θωουτ θοοτ Thout 1 Bāba 11 October – 9 November ﺑﺎﺑﮫ παοπι πααπε Paopi 2 Hātūr 10 November – 9 December ھﺎﺗﻮر αθορ ϩατωρ Hathor 3 Kiyāhk 10 December – 8 January ﻛﯿﮭﺎك χοιακ κιαϩκ Koiak 4 Ṭūba 9 January – 7 February طﻮﺑﮫ Ϯωβι Ϯωβε Tobi 5 Amshīr 8 February – 9 Marchأﻣﺸﯿﺮ μεϣιρ μεϣηρ Meshir 6 Baramhāt 10 March – 8 Aprilﺑﺮﻣﮭﺎت φαρεμϩατ παρεμϩατ Paremhat 7 Baramūda 9 April – 8 Mayﺑﺮﻣﻮده Φαρμοθι παραμουτε Parmouti 8 Bashans 9 May – 7 Juneﺑﺸﻨﺲ Παϣανς Παϣονς Pashons 9 Ba’ūnah 8 June – 7 Julyﺑﺆﻧﺔ Παωνι Παωνε Paoni 10 Abīb 8 July – 6 August أﺑﯿﺐ Επηπ Επεπ Epip 11 Misrá 7 August – 5 Septemberﻣﺴﺮى Μεςωρη Μεςωρη Mesori 12 Nasī’ 6–10 September ﻧﺴﯿﺊ πι κουϫι `ναβοτ πι κουϫι `ναβοτ Pi Kogi Enavot 13 Days , seasons , months اﻷﯾﺎم واﻟﻔﺼﻮل واﻟﺸﮭﻮر اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊ πι ϩη`νϣωμ spring اﻟﺨﺮﯾﻒ πι ϩη`νεφρω autumn اﻟﺼﯿﻒ πι ϣωμ summer اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ϯ `φρω winter Coordinates اﻟﺠﮭﺎت اﻟﺸﺮق π