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Home , Kenya, The Gambia

Title: Does bring more benefits or problems? Part 1

This lesson should be completed over two lessons, it will take you two hours to complete all of activities.

BRIDGES: Discovery Make a list of issues you can see in the pictures in your draft book Next to the list of issues, now make a list of good things about tourism

Benefits of tourism? Key words: Add these keywords and definitions into your neat book Package holiday - When you pay a travel company in advance for accommodation and travel.

Leakage- the money tourists pay ‘leaks away’ from the destination and does not help local people

Developing country - A country with very low GDP and very low HDI

Sustainable tourism - Sustainable tourism is an industry committed to making a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate future employment for local people. Watch the clip

What are the main differences between sustainable and non-sustainable tourism? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjNwR2C6Q8I

Make notes in your draft book

Can you add any examples next to your keywords? We are going to look at 2 different in and compare the effects of tourism.

The Gambia and Draw the table below (you will need a full page) Use the information on the next 4 slides to fill in the table, do not just copy, write in your own words Kenya

Location: Location:

Positive effects of Tourism Negative effects of Tourism Positive effects of Tourism Negative effects of Tourism • It is in the northern hemisphere, below the • It is a small Tropic of Cancer country of 1.2 million people

• It was a British Colony until 1965 Gambia (location) • is the capital city

• It ‘s in and with The Gambia is in West Africa. It is a small country with a population of only 1.2 million. It has developed a strong tourism industry since the , appealing particularly as a winter sun destination to European visitors.

We would love to sell our Some tourists don’t stay in to the , it would the big hotels and instead really help our farmers but visit the more remote instead the hotels import places. The money they most of the food from other spend tends to go directly to countries! the locals, helping to It is a lovely , but we don’t improve their lives. But it is leave it much, because when we do quite difficult to travel to the we get pestered by Gambians trying more remote parts of to sell us things. They think we’re Gambia. millionaires. If only they knew how long we saved for this! But all the For poorer countries (developing) like Gambia, there’s a high level of outside the hotel does get leakage in tourism. Lots of the money leaks out to other countries, to me. I love it here though, I’ll like this … definitely return. 1) At a travel agents, a British family book a holiday to Gambia. Some of the money goes to the travel agent, some goes to the British airline that will carry them out, some will go to the company in that own the hotel. I’m a hotel waiter, I feel lucky to have this job 2) They travel to the hotel in a coach bought from . and it means that I can provide for my family. 3) The hotel furniture was imported from Europe. And hopefully help to give my children a good 4) Almost all of the food and drink was imported from Europe too. future. The locals here have also benefited 5) The hotel manager and the top staff are French – and most of from the new and facilities that the their salary is paid into their banks back home. government has built for tourists. 6) Gambians are employed as waiters, cooks, cleaners etc. they earn about £30 a month.

The amount of money generated from tourism is Lots of the tourists walk Those rich tourists come here and take expected to grow to around in skimpy clothes or over our beaches, showers and swimming US$414 million by swimsuits. That really offends pools everywhere while our village only 2020. us. These tourists don’t care has one tap and when the hotels are about our culture they’re using a lot of water our tap runs dry. Tourism in Gambia employs 67,000 only here for our beaches and people (9.9% of total employment) sun. this is expected to grow to 91,000 by Gambia generated US$132 million from tourism in 2020. This will help to increase the 2010, contributing 12.3% of the country’s GDP average income and lives of (the value of goods and services in the country). Gambians. SOME OF THE MOST FAMOUS LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS ARE KENYANS. THE FIRST AFRICAN WOMAN TO WIN A NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WAS KENYAN

EDUCATION IS FREE

Football is the most popular sport. It is home to more than 1,132 species of birds

From 1920 until 1963, Kenya was part of the Kenya is home to the Big Five, also known as in Africa. Luckily, the Kenyans , Elephants, , , and gained their independence in 1963 on the 12th Cape Buffalo. of December. In the past, up to 21% of Kenya’s national income has been derived from tourism. These much needed funds have helped diversify the , and have been put towards developing the Many hotel chains will generally country’s infrastructure: projects such as public hospitals, schools, and roads have improved bring in their own staff from their the overall standard of living for citizens. home country for high paid jobs. This leaves only the low-income unskilled jobs for Kenyans locals. MASAI MARA BASE CAMP – -tourism Facilities The main camp has 16 tents (consisting of 32 beds). Activities Day- game drives, nature walks, tree-planting • The Masai Brand, an that seeks to improve and promote traditional handicrafts made by women’s groups in the Talek region of Masai Mara. It is an initiative that promotes cultural conservation, gender sensitivity, capacity building and local income generation. It recorded an income of about Ksh. 2 million (15,557.06 GBP) in 2006 for these women. • Evidence of high investment in conservation and community support. The director noted that for the first five years, Basecamp did not make a profit as all monies went into these efforts. • Use of “Masai grammar” to explain culture. In guest rooms for instance, coat hangers, beds, linen, furniture and other furnishings have made use of Masai designs or parts, as a way of encouraging visitors to learn more about the Masai culture In most parts of Kenya, tourism • Winning international recognition in sustainable tourism, including 2005 First Choice Responsible Tourism Award for Best is a seasonal business, with Practice in Protected Areas. additional staff being required during high seasons and less Responsible/ Best Tourism Practices in Kenya hands needed for off peak Extensive use of local material, including deadwood, and labour for construction. Most structures are constructed in a way that they can be months. So for the locals who dismantled and taken away safely, leaving no . fall under the category of • Environmental conservation: Use of a tree-top viewing post has reduced the need for game drives seasonal workers, employment • Extensive use of solar energy and use of energy saving LED bulbs. The solar water heaters are ISO-certified and have been chosen because of is unsteady, making it difficult their energy efficiency character. Even the communication system is powered by solar energy. financially to get through the • Uses an efficient kuni booster from Botto Solar at the staff quarters year. • Have a solar cooker at the kitchen , as a demonstration to the local community on efficient technologies available • Practices garbage separation and composting. Has clean and well-fenced garbage disposal and composting areas. • Grey water from every tent is collected and re-used to water plants in the compound • Use of dry toilets • Has supported the planting of an estimated 25,000 trees since 2000, as part of restoring vegetation along the river near Basecamp. This has been done jointly with the local community. • A percentage of bed night goes to an education fund that mainly supports girl-child education; estimated to have given Ksh 140,000 in 2006. Basecamp is also supporting a masters student at . • Of the 43 staff, 95% are local, including 10 women.

The income generated from tourist activities is not likely to pass down to locals — major share will generally go to big European and American Local artisans and business owners miss out on the bulk of companies. Tourists are likely to stay in hotels, tourist revenue, gaining some limited income from curio which are usually owned by foreign companies and purchases for example, but mostly serving local residents give very little of their income towards the Kenyan who cannot afford the rates at tourist-oriented restaurants, economy. clothing shops, hotels and so forth.

Funds are used to upgrade facilities for tourists. For example, an area where there are only enough funds to either refurbish a local health centre or upgrade a that leads to an area with a cluster of popular tourist hotels, local officials are likely to fix the road. Title: Does tourism bring more benefits or problems? Part 2

This is the second part of the lesson and is a continuation from the last lesson.

BRIDGES: Discovery Look at your table you filled in last lesson… Complete the activities on this slide using the information on the table  Which effect is the most significant positive effect? Put a star next to the most significant positive effect for both The Gambia and Kenya

 Which effect is the most serious negative effect? Put a star next to the most serious negative effect for both The Gambia and Kenya

 Under the table or on the next page add in the reasons why they are the most significant positive effect and the most serious negative effect for The Gambia and Kenya.

 Does tourism bring more benefits or problems? Answer this question in full sentences. Make a leaflet to promote sustainable tourism in either The Gambia or Kenya This can be done on a piece of paper or in your neat book. If you do this on the computer you will need to print it off to stick in. Some examples:

•Encourage visitors to leave their cars behind and use greener travel, like bikes, buses, boats and trains. •Support outdoor activities that don't damage the countryside or harm wildlife. •Encourage visitors to buy local products and food. •Run green business schemes to encourage businesses to recycle, reduce energy, conserve water and be sustainable. •Encourage small scale renewable energy schemes, like woodchip boilers and solar panels If you finish the leaflet before the end of the lesson attempt this question: Evaluate the in a named . (8) 1-4 marks Describe two impacts in detail. Include one positive and one negative. 4-6 marks- Explain both positive and negative effects of tourism. 7-8-Evaluate the impacts of tourism. Extension: For one negative impact write down the suggestions how it can be improved to make tourism more sustainable(long term benefits).