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Kenya Health Workforce Report: the Status of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya, 2015 Collaborating Institutions

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Kenya Health Workforce Report: the Status of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya, 2015 Collaborating Institutions Kenya Health Workforce Report: The Status of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya, 2015 Collaborating Institutions Kenya Ministry of Health (MOH) Radiation Protection Board (RPB) Medical Practitioners and Dentist Board Society of Radiographers of Kenya (SORK) (MPDB) Public Health Officers and Technicians Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) Council (PHOTC) Clinical Officers Council (COC) Kenya Health Workforce Project (KHWP) Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) Emory University Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Technologists Board (KMLTTB) Prevention (CDC) Kenya Nutritionists and Dieticians Institute (KNDI) Donor Support This report was supported under a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Coordinating Office of the Center for Global Health (CGH) Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT) through the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH) Grant Number U36OE000002 to Emory University, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC or ASPPH. Contact Information Ministry of Health Afya House, Cathedral Road P.O. Box 30016, Tel. 2717077, Nairobi http://www.health.go.ke Medical Practitioners and Dentist Board (MPDB) www.medicalboard.co.ke Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) www.nckenya.com Clinical Officers Council (COC) www.clinicalofficerscouncil.org Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) www.pharmacyboardkenya.org Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and Technologists Board (KMLTTB) www.kmlttb.org Kenya Nutritionists and Dieticians Institute (KNDI) www.kndi.institute Radiation Protection Board (RPB) www.rpbkenya.org Society of Radiography in Kenya (SORK) www.radiography.or.ke Public Health Officers and Technicians Council (PHOTC) www.photc.org Emory University KENYA HEALTH Workforce Project Acknowledgement The Kenya, health professional regulatory agencies play a significant role towards ensuring excellence in examining the health workforce based on four characteristics namely Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality. Data collected by health regulatory agencies are crucial in measuring how a country is performing in these areas, determining the scope and nature of gaps, guiding how interventions can improve health workforce regulation, and measuring success of these interventions. Kenya, supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed electronic databases at these regulatory agencies that can provide information to assist in moving towards universal healthcare for all. These databases, referred to as regulatory human resource information systems (rHRIS), serve as the basis of the data in this National Report on the Status of the Health Workforce in Kenya. The availability, distribution, and accessibility of the health workforce with the relevant skills at a particular period strongly influence the ability of health systems to meet the constitutional requirement of providing quality health services to every citizen. In addition, the aspiration of universal health coverage in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is largely dependent on a health workforce that is responsive to the ever-evolving needs of health systems. Factors that influence the demand for health services have a role in shaping the requirements of a health workforce. Changes in population demographics, epidemiological profiles of communities, morbidity and mortality dynamics, and policies, among other factors, influence the demand and supply of health workers. Therefore, strengthening the health workforce through policy, adequate financing, planning, recruitment, training, deployment, and retention is paramount to ensuring everyone has access to a qualified health worker, thus improving the ability of health systems to achieve global and national health goals as prioritized in the new SDG targets. In coming up with this report, the following institutions are acknowledged: Kenya Ministry of Health (MOH) Radiation Protection Board (RPB) Medical Practitioners and Dentist Board Society of Radiographers of Kenya (SORK) (MPDB) Public Health Officers and Technicians Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) Council (PHOTC) Clinical Officers Council (COC) Kenya Health Workforce Project (KHWP) Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) Emory University Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Technologists Board (KMLTTB) Prevention (CDC) Kenya Nutritionists and Dieticians Institute (KNDI) We would also like to thank the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Coordinating Office of the Center for Global Health (CGH) Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT) through the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH) Grant Number U36OE000002 to Emory University, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing for also contributing to the development of this report. Dr Jackson K. Kioko, OGW, Director of Medical Services Kenya Health Workforce Report: The Status of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya, 2015 Table of Contents List of Tables ..............................................................4 List of Figures .............................................................4 List of Appendices..........................................................6 Abbreviations and acronyms .................................................7 Executive summary .........................................................8 1. Introduction ............................................................13 1.1 Importance of the health workforce ............................................13 1.2 Significance of a national health workforce report................................14 1.3 Relevance and utilization of a national health workforce report .....................15 2. Kenyan context . .16 2.1 Geography and demography .................................................16 2.2 Governance ...............................................................17 2.3 Economic context ..........................................................17 2.4 Health status..............................................................19 3. Kenya’s health system ...................................................21 3.1 Policy and governance ......................................................21 3.2 Service provision...........................................................22 3.3 Health care financing .......................................................22 3.4 Health service professional organizations ......................................24 4. Background information on the regulatory agencies ...........................26 4.1 Regulatory agencies . 26 4.2 Regulatory functions........................................................26 4.2.1 Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) .............................................29 4.2.2 Medical Practitioners and Dentist Board (MPDB) ...............................30 4.2.3 Clinical Officers Council (COC)...............................................31 4.2.4 Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) ..........................................32 4.2.5 Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and Technologists Board (KMLTTB) ..........33 4.2.6 Public Health Officers and Technicians Council (PHOTC) .........................34 4.2.7 Society of Radiography in Kenya (SORK) . 35 4.2.7 Radiation Protection Board (RPB) ............................................36 4.2.8 Kenya Nutrition and Dieticians Institute (KNDI).................................38 2 5. Methods.............................................................. 40 6. Tracking health professionals’ supply, regulation, and redeployment ..............44 6.1 Pre-service education for health professionals in Kenya ...........................44 6.1.1 Health Professionals’ Training Institutions.................................44 6.1.2 Health professionals’ training capacity (annual output) in Kenya ..............47 6.2 Internship and licensing examinations .........................................52 6.2.1 Internship ...............................................................52 6.2.2 Licensing examinations....................................................57 6.3 Registration of health professionals in Kenya ...................................60 6.3.1 New registration ......................................................60 6.3.2 Ever-registered.......................................................64 6.3.3 Retention/renewal of health professionals in Kenya.........................69 6.3.4 Retention/renewal (specialization).......................................74 6.4 Deployment and attrition ....................................................76 6.4.1 Deployment .........................................................76 6.4.2 Healthcare workers distribution and HIV prevalence ........................78 6.4.3 Attrition.............................................................79 6.4.4 Attrition by death.....................................................81 7. Conclusion and discussion ..................................................82 8. References............................................................ 84 9. Appendices ............................................................87 3 Kenya Health Workforce Report: The Status of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya, 2015 List of Tables 2.1 Top ten causes of morbidity and mortality in Kenya 2.2 Selected mortality rate indicators 3.1 Health professional
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