Taming the Intractable Inter-Ethnic Conflict in the Ilemi Triangle
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The Kenyan British Colonial Experience
Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 25 Number 1 Decolonizing Through a Peace and Article 2 Conflict Studies Lens 5-2018 Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Peter Karari [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs Part of the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karari, Peter (2018) "Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience," Peace and Conflict Studies: Vol. 25 : No. 1 , Article 2. DOI: 10.46743/1082-7307/2018.1436 Available at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol25/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Peace & Conflict Studies at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peace and Conflict Studies by an authorized editor of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Abstract Colonialism can be traced back to the dawn of the “age of discovery” that was pioneered by the Portuguese and the Spanish empires in the 15th century. It was not until the 1870s that “New Imperialism” characterized by the ideology of European expansionism envisioned acquiring new territories overseas. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 prepared the ground for the direct rule and occupation of Africa by European powers. In 1895, Kenya became part of the British East Africa Protectorate. From 1920, the British colonized Kenya until her independence in 1963. As in many other former British colonies around the world, most conspicuous and appalling was the modus operandi that was employed to colonize the targeted territories. -
Savings for the Poor in Kenya
may 2012 Savings for the Poor in Kenya anjana ravi and eric tyler savings for the poor innovation and knowledge network (spinnaker) Global Assets Project New America Foundation Acknowledgement The research for this project would not have been possible without the guidance, support, and participation of a number of players. In particular, the authors would like to express their gratitude to Jamie Zimmerman and Amolo Ng’weno for their assistance in conducting research and reviewing the report’s development. Thanks are also due to Jacqueline Irimu and Mediatrix Tuju, who provided tireless logisti- cal and research assistance. The authors would also like to thank Amrik Heyer and Felistus Mbole at Financial Sector Deepening Kenya and all the institutions who took the time to participate in the study. © 2012 New America Foundation This report carries a Creative Commons license, which permits non- commercial re-use of New America content when proper attribution is provided. This means you are free to copy, display and distribute New America’s work, or include our content in derivative works, under the following conditions: • Attribution. You must clearly attribute the work to the New America Foundation, and provide a link back to www.Newamerica.net. • Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes without explicit prior permission from New America. • Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. For the full legal code of this Creative Commons license, please visit www.creativecommons.org. If you have any questions about citing or re- using New America content, please contact us. -
Delimitation of the Elastic Ilemi Triangle: Pastoral Conflicts and Official Indifference in the Horn of Africa
Delimitation Of The Elastic Ilemi Triangle: Pastoral Conflicts and Official Indifference in the Horn Of Africa NENE MBURU ABSTRACT This article observes that although scholars have addressed the problem of the inherited colonial boundaries in Africa, there are lacunae in our knowledge of the complexity of demarcating the Kenya-Sudan-Ethiopia tri-junctional point known as the Ilemi Triangle. Apart from being a gateway to an area of Sudan rich in unexplored oil reserves, Ilemi is only significant for its dry season pastures that support communities of different countries. By analyzing why, until recently, the Ilemi has been ‘unwanted’ and hence not economically developed by any regional government, the article aims to historically elucidate differences of perception and significance of the area between the authorities and the local herders. On the one hand, the forage-rich pastures of Ilemi have been the casus belli (cause for war) among transhumant communities of Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya, and an enigma to colonial surveyors who could not determine their ‘ownership’ and extent. On the other hand, failure to administer the region in the last century reflects the lack of attractiveness to the authorities that have not agreed on security and grazing arrangements for the benefit of their respective nomadic populations. This article places the disputed ‘triangle’ of conflict into historical, anthropological, sociological and political context. The closing reflections assess the future of the dispute in view of the current initiative by the USA to end the 19-year-old civil war in Sudan and promote the country’s relationship with her neighbors particularly Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia. -
P0249-P0262.Pdf
THE CONDOR VOLUME 57 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER. 19.55 NUMBER 5 A SYSTEMATIC REVISION AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE SHINING SUNBIRD OF AFRICA By JOHN G. WILLIAMS The ,Shining Sunbird (Cinnyris habessinicus Hemprich and Ehrenberg) has a com- paratively restricted distribution in the northeastern part of the Ethiopian region. It occurs sporadically from the northern districts of Kenya Colony and northeastern Uganda northward to Saudi Arabia, but it apparently is absent from the highlands of Ethiopia (Abyssinia) above 5000 feet. The adult male is one of the most brightly col- ored African sunbirds, the upper parts and throat being brilliant metallic green, often with a golden sheen on the mantle, and the crown violet or blue. Across the breast is a bright red band, varying in width, depth of color, and brilliance in the various races, bordered on each side by yellow pectoral tufts; the abdomen is black. The female is drab gray or brown and exhibits a well-marked color cline, the most southerly birds being pale and those to the northward becoming gradually darker and terminating with the blackish-brown female of the most northerly subspecies. In the present study I am retaining, with some reluctance, the genus Cinnyris for the speciesunder review. I agree in the main with Delacour’s treatment of the group in his paper ( 1944) “A Review of the Family Nectariniidae (Sunbirds) ” and admit that the genus Nectarinia, in its old, restricted sense, based upon the length of the central pair of rectrices in the adult male, is derived from a number of different stocks and is ur+ sound. -
Migrated Archives): Ceylon
Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Secret and confidential despatches sent to the Secretary of State for the Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was Colonies established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 FCO 141/2098-2129: the despatches consist of copies of letters and reports from the Governor that the entire island came under British control. and the departments of state in Ceylon circular notices on a variety of subjects such as draft bills and statutes sent for approval, the publication Ceylon became independent in 1948, and a of orders in council, the situation in the Maldives, the Ceylon Defence member of the British Commonwealth. Queen Force, imports and exports, currency regulations, official visits, the Elizabeth remained Head of State until Ceylon political movements of Ceylonese and Indian activists, accounts of became a republic in 1972, under the name of Sri conferences, lists of German and Italian refugees interned in Ceylon and Lanka. accounts of labour unrest. Papers relating to civil servants, including some application forms, lists of officers serving in various branches, conduct reports in cases of maladministration, medical reports, job descriptions, applications for promotion, leave and pensions, requests for transfers, honours and awards and details of retirements. 1931-48 Secret and confidential telegrams received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies FCO 141/2130-2156: secret telegrams from the Colonial Secretary covering subjects such as orders in council, shipping, trade routes, customs, imports and exports, rice quotas, rubber and tea prices, trading with the enemy, air communications, the Ceylon Defence Force, lists of The binder also contains messages from the Prime Minister and enemy aliens, German and Japanese reparations, honours the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Mr Senanyake on 3 and appointments. -
Land and Conflict in the Ilemi Triangle of East Africa
Land and Conflict in the Ilemi Triangle of East Africa By Maurice N. Amutabi Abstract Insecurity among the nations of the Horn of Africa is often concentrated in the nomadic pastoralist areas. Why? Is the pastoralist economy, which revolves around livestock, raiding and counter-raiding to blame for the violence? Why are rebel movements in the Horn, such the Lord‟s Resistance Army (LRA) in Uganda, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in Ethiopia, several warlords in Somalia, etc, situated in nomadic pastoralist areas? Is the nomadic lifestyle to blame for lack of commitment to the ideals of any one nation? Why have the countries in the Horn failed to absorb and incorporate nomadic pastoralists in their structures and institutions, forty years after independence? Utilizing a political economy approach, this article seeks to answer these questions, and more. This article is both a historical and philosophical interrogation of questions of nationhood and nationalism vis-à-vis the transient or mobile nature that these nomadic pastoralist “nations” apparently represent. It scrutinizes the absence of physical and emotional belonging and attachment that is often displayed by these peoples through their actions, often seen as unpatriotic, such as raiding, banditry, rustling and killing for cattle. The article assesses the place of transient and migratory ethnic groups in the nation-state, especially their lack of fixed abodes in any one nation-state and how this plays out in the countries of the region. I pay special attention to cross-border migratory ethnic groups that inhabit the semi-desert areas of the Sudan- Kenya-Ethiopia-Somalia borderlines as case studies. -
Corruption Devolved
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by World Learning SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2018 Corruption Devolved: People’s Perceptions on Devolutions Impact on Transparency, Accountability and Service Delivery by the Government of Kisumu County, Kenya Julia Fonshell SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, African Studies Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Political Science Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Fonshell, Julia, "Corruption Devolved: People’s Perceptions on Devolutions Impact on Transparency, Accountability and Service Delivery by the Government of Kisumu County, Kenya" (2018). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2815. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2815 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Corruption Devolved: People’s Perceptions on Devolutions Impact on Transparency, Accountability and Service Delivery By the Government of Kisumu County, Kenya. Julia Fonshell Kenya: Urbanization, Health and Human Rights Spring 2018 Academic Director: Dr. Steve Wandiga Advisor: Grace Kunga Research Assistant: Fred Misach Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents, Claudette and Bill Fonshell, and the rest of my family for giving me the opportunity to spend my semester in Kenya. -
The Turkana Grazing Factor in Kenya-South Sudan Ilemi Triangle Border Dispute
International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 6 Issue 8, August 2019 The Turkana Grazing Factor In Kenya-South Sudan Ilemi Triangle Border Dispute James Kiprono Kibon PhD Candidate, Department of International Relations, United States International University-Africa , Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: This article examines the place of the customary grazing grounds of the Turkana, which was one of the most salient factors in the making of what is today the Kenya- South Sudan boundary. It is argued in this article that while the making of the Kenya-South Sudan boundary was driven by British colonial interests, the issue of the customary grazing grounds of the Turkana was major consideration in the actual demarcation. The Kenya-South Sudan boundary was the outcome of a deliberate effort to delimit the customary grazing grounds of the Turkana in the Ilemi area between 1914 and 1950. The northward evolution of the Kenya-South Sudan border from the Uganda Line reflected in the series of boundary adjustments gave birth to the disputed Ilemi Triangle border. The boundary changes were majorly driven by the quest to determine the northern extent of the customary grazing grounds of the Turkana, based on the provision of a second alternative boundary option by 1914 Uganda Order in Council. It is argued in this article that unlike other Africa’s colonial boundaries, the Kenya-South Sudan boundary was conceived with the objective of placing all the customary grazing grounds of the Turkana in Uganda and Kenya. This article therefore, argues that just as Turkana grazing grounds was key crucial factor in the emergence of the Kenya-South Sudan boundary, it is also central to the Ilemi Triangle border dispute. -
Purchasing at the County Level in Kenya October 2019
KENYA REPORT 1 Purchasing at the county level in Kenya October 2019 ThinkWell @thinkwellglobal www.thinkwell.global ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all individuals and organizations that took the time to speak to them during interviews and consultations. The authors also gratefully acknowledge very valuable comments from Kenneth Munge of KEMRI Wellcome Trust and John Kinuthia of International Budget Partnership-Kenya. Recommended citation: Mbuthia, B., Vîlcu, I., Ravishankar, N., Ondera, J, (2019). Purchasing at the county level in Kenya. Washington, DC: ThinkWell This report was produced by ThinkWell under the Strategic Purchasing for Primary Health Care grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 5 I. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 7 II. Study Objective and Methodology .......................................................................... 8 III. The Purchasing Landscape in Kenya ......................................................................... 9 IV. County Revenue and Expenditure for Health ......................................................... 13 V. Evolution of User Fee Policies ............................................................................... -
Justice Under Siege: the Rule of Law and Judicial Subservience in Kenya
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2001 Justice Under Siege: The Rule of Law and Judicial Subservience in Kenya Makau Mutua University at Buffalo School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles Part of the Judges Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation Makau Mutua, Justice Under Siege: The Rule of Law and Judicial Subservience in Kenya, 23 Hum. Rts. Q. 96 (2001). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/569 Copyright © 2001 The Johns Hopkins University Press. This article was first published in Human Rights Quarterly 23.1 (2001), 96–118. Reprinted with permission by Johns Hopkins University Press. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Justice Under Siege: The Rule of Law and Judicial Subservience in Kenya Makau Mutua* I. INTRODUCTION Constitutionalism and the rule of law are the central features of any political democracy that respects human rights. An independent judiciary, -
Integrated Country Strategy
Integrated Country Strategy Kenya FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Table of Contents 1. Chief of Mission Priorities 2 2. Mission Strategic Framework 4 3. Mission Goals and Objectives 6 4. Management Objectives 11 FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Originally Approved: August 18, 2018 Reviewed and Updated: March 4, 2021 1 1. Chief of Mission Priorities In more than 50 years of partnership, the United States and Kenya have developed deep political, economic, security, and cultural ties. Kenya is home to the largest U.S. mission in Africa, and more than 100,000 Americans live in or visit Kenya every year. As a leader in and a gateway to East Africa, Kenya is an essential U.S. ally in the region and its progress directly affects U.S. interests, as laid out in the 2017 National Security Strategy. The Mission’s overarching goal is to deepen the partnership between the United States and Kenya to advance security, prosperity, and democratic values for the benefit of both the American and the Kenyan people. We work to support and enhance Kenya’s capacity to promote peace and security in the region. Beyond our governmental ties, the United States and Kenya have deep business, civil society, academic, and people-to-people relations that assist in achieving our strategic objectives. While Kenya has made important progress, it faces formidable challenges, including strengthening democratic processes and governance institutions, confronting violent extremism, addressing corruption, bridging ethnic divisions, improving human rights, and creating employment. Kenya’s success in addressing these challenges supports our interest in a just, secure, and peaceful world rooted in democratic institutions, respect for human rights, and economic prosperity. -
A Critical Re-Examination of Kenya's Approaches to Threats to Her
A CRITICAL RE-EXAMINATION OF KENYA’S APPROACHES TO THREATS TO HER TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY BY MARY GORRETY ACHIENG DIANA R50/7009/2017 SUPERVISOR DR. ROSEMARY ANYONA RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FROM THE INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DECEMBER 2019 DECLARATION Declaration by student I hereby declare this project is of my own original work and it has never been presented in part or whole for award of any certificate, diploma or degree in the University of Nairobi or any other higher learning institution. Signature………………………….. Date…………………………………. MARY GORRETY ACHIENG DIANA R50/7009/2017 Declaration by the supervisor This research project has been submitted for examination and the partial fulfilment of studies in Masters of Art (International Studies) my approval as the university supervisor. Signature……………………….. Date…………………………… DR. ROSEMARY ANYONA ii DEDICATION Special dedication goes to God for the guidance and strength throughout my research, and to my family for their guidance, support and encouragement. I also thank my colleagues and friends, for their moral support during the research period and project writing. Lastly, I show gratitude for my lecturer Dr. Rosemary Anyona for the supervision and the advice she offered during the research. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I hereby express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Rosemary Anyona in guiding me through the writing this research project, through her scholarly motivation, guidance, constructive criticisms and comments to pursue this topic. I acknowledge all the support of my parents Vitalis Ogada and Jerusha Ayoti. I equally acknowledge the assistance from my friends Irene, Yvonne and Boffin and not forgetting to mention my brother and sisters who are the main motivators for my drive to excellence.