1. Harleian MSS 6829, Fol. 161. a Manuscript of the 17Th Century. 2

Home , Adam of Usk, Grosmont Castle, Richard the Second, Samuel Daniel

Notes

Chapter I 1. Harleian MSS 6829, fol. 161. A manuscript of the 17th century. 2. Kirby, Henry IV of England, p. 14. 3. Lionel of Clarence had died in Italy (1368). 4. Daughter of Sir Payne Roet of Hainault. 5. The Usurper King, Marie Louise Bruce (1987), p. 13. 6. Her story has been told by Anya Seton in a strangeley haunting novel. 7. Almost certainly not an illegitimate son of Edward Ill. 8. Henry Vas Warlord, Desmond Seward (1986). 9. The Usurper King, Marie Louise Bruce. 10. Ibid., p. 47. 11. Medieval Lincoln, Sir Francis Hill, republished 1990, see p. 25 8, note 4. 12. Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VIII, pp. 362-3. 13. See Armitage-Smith, John of Gaunt, also Higden IX. 14. Knighton II et sequendo. 15. The Hollow Crown, Harold F. Hutchison (1961). 16. Ibid., Medieval Lincoln, Sir Francis Hill, pp. 258-9. 17. Ibid., Desmond Seward, Henry Vas Warlord, p. 1. 18. The Chronicle of Adam of Usk has been edited by Maunde Thompson (1904). 19. Miss M.V. Clarke, Fourteenth Century Studies. 20. See Knighton's Chronicle, also Marie Louise Bruce, The Usurper King, p. 78. 21. Ibid., The Usurper King, p. 78. 22. The contemporary pamphlet of Favert is propaganda on behalf of the appellants. 23. See Chronique de la Traison et Mort de Richard II, edited by Benjamin Williams. 24. Harl. MSS 4579 fol. 23b.

Chapter II 1. Edited from the originals by Lucy Toulmin Smith (Camden Society) 1894. 2. See Introduction, Henry IV, p. XXVIII, Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land. 3. Ibid., The Usurper King, p .111. 4. Ibid., Henry IV, p. XXX. 5. Ibid., The Usurper King.

155 6. Ibid., Henry IV of England, Kirby. 7. Ibid., The Usurper King. 8. Royal Bastards in Late Medieval England by Chris Given-Wilson and Alice Curteis {reprinted 1988). 9. Ibid., Henry IV. p. XIIX. 10. Royal and Historical Letters ofHenry IV. Letter written in Latin CXLVII. Appendix 1. Hungleston-Randolf. 11. Ibid., pp. 229-30. Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land. 12. See C.E. Chamberlin, The Count of Virtue. 13. The Lancashire Hollands by Bernard Holland (1907). 14. Ibid., Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land. 15. British Library, Harl. MSS 6829, fol. 161. 16. Ibid., fol. 162.

Chapter III 1. Anthony Goodman, John qf Gaunt. The exercise of princely power in 14th century Europe {1992), p. 361. 2. Ibid., The Usurper King, p. 139. 3. PRO E 101/402/20. 4. The Oiford Illustrated History qf Britain edited by Kenneth Morgan (1992). 5. Ibid., John ofGaunt, p. 157. 6. The Hollow Crown, Hutchison. 7. Ibid., The Usurper King. 8. The Brut or the Chronicle ofEngland, ed. F.W.D. Brie. Early English text. 9. Edited by Benjamin Williams. 10. Known as Cold Harborough and also Poultneys in Henry VI's reign. 11. Ibid., John of Gaunt. 12. Ibid., The Usurper King. 13. Ibid., note 136, Chronicle qfthe Betrayal. 14. See Vol. II, p. 589, edited by Brie. 15. Ibid., Chronique de Ia 'l'raison. 16. The 'l'ragedy qfRichard II, Act IV, Scene I, Shakespeare. 17. Ibid., Act I, Scene III. 18. Ibid., p. 718. Vol. II Froissart,Jean. Ed. K. de Lettenhove. 19. Ibid., Kirby, Henry IV of England. 20. Ibid., John ofGaunt. 21. Ibid., Kirby, Henry IV of England., Rot. Pari. Vol. III, p. 372. 22. Among five Froissart illustrations: The Archbishop visits the Earl of Derby in France. Harleian MSS fol. 4380. 23. Ibid., Henry IV of England, p. 54. 24. Ibid., The Usurper King, p. 202. 25. Adam ofUsk saysJune 28th. 26. See]. Hardyng, Chronicle, Medieval Lincoln. 27. 'l'raison, p. 179.

156 28. Samuel Daniel: The First F owre Bookes of the Civile Wars Between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke (1595). See Arden, Shake• speare, Henry IV, Part II, p. XXXIII. 29. Traison, p. 187. 30. Page 174. English text. 31. Ibid., Henry IV qf England. See Chronicle qf Adam qf Usk. 32. Ibid., The Usurper King. 33. Page 216. 34. The English Historical Review, Vol. 49, 1934, p. 424. 35. Ibid., Ref. Part III, pp. 422-3. Also The Hollow Crown, Hutchison, p. 229.

Chapter IV 1. Ibid., Henry Vas Warlord, Desmond Seward. 2. The English Historical Review, January 1964, No. CCCX. Edited by Denys Hay M.A. 3. Ibid., Henry IV qf England. 4. Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VIII, pp. 362-3. 5. Ibid., Edited from MS Rawl B. 171 by Friedrich W.D. Brie. Bodleian Library. 6. Ibid., Adam qf Usk. Henry V by Desmond Seward. 7. Ibid., The Usurper King, p. 244. 8. Ibid., Henry the Fourth qf England, p. 127. 9. Seep. 148 Vol. II. 10. See Miss Aston's Thomas Arundel: A Study of Church Life in the Reign of Richard II (1961) O.U.P. 11. The Traniformation qf Medieval England. See Chapter 20, England and Europe 1399-1422, p. 174. 12. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters. 13. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters. 14. The journal of the Historical Association, Vol. XLIV-XLV. Henry IV and the Percies. 15. Ibid., Henry IV and the Percies. 16. Pol. Poems, Vol. II, p. 5. 17. Harrison, Music in Medieval Britain. Wylie, Henry IV, Vol. II, p. 487. 18. Act III, Scene I. 19. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters qf Henry IV. 20. Statute 5, Henry IV.

Chapter V 1. Owain Glyndwr Prince qf Wales, Ian Skidmore. 2. See Preface XXIII. Royal and Historical Letters. 3. Owen Glendower. Bradley, p. 238. 4. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters. pp. 69-70. 5. Eight according to Harleian MSS 1989.

157 6. An unpublished Oxford University M.Litt. thesis. Submitted in 1980 by W.R.M. Grifith, entitled "The Military Career and Affinity of Henry Prince of Wales 1399-1413." National Library of Wales. 7. E.F.Jacob's Fifteenth Century, 1399-1485. 8. Ibid., The Chronicle ofAdam ofUsk, p. 103. 9. Ibid., Henry IV ofEngland, Kirby. 10. Date of his birth uncertain 1390-1395. He always shows affection for Picardy. 11. Ibid., The Chronicles of Enguerrard de Monstrelet. Translated by Thomas Johnes MDCCCXL. 12. Ditto. Vol. I, p. 239. 13. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters, Henry IV, edited by Hingleston- Randolf, p. 74. 14. Ditto, pp. 87-8. 15. Ditto, pp. 89-90. 16. Ibid., Owain Glyndwr Prince of Wales, Ian Skidmore. 17. Ibid., Henry IV ofEngland, p. 138. 18. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters, pp. 19-20. 19. Lives ofQyeens of England, Vol. 2, p. 73. 20. Ibid., Henry IV, Wylie, Vol. I, p. 310. 21. Cottonian MS, Julius E, 4, fol. 202, British Library, is now divided into three volumes {the Beauchamp Pageants). 22. Ibid., Henry IV of England, p. 138. 23. Ibid., Henry IV ofEngland. 24. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England, Chris Given-Wilson and Alice Curteis {reprinted 1985).

Chapter VI 1. Ibid., The Chronicle of Adam ofUsk A.D. 1377-1421, p. 126. 2. Ibid., Edited from MS. Rawlinson B. 171 Bodleian Library. 3. Ibid., Brut, p. 548. 4. Ibid., Henry IV and the Percies. M.W. Bean. Journal of the Historical Association. 5. Ibid., Henry IV of England, Kirby. 6. Ibid., Henry Vas Warlord, Seward. 7. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters, 4 Henry IV, pp. 150-1. 8. Battldields of England, Lieutenant-Colonel Burnes. 9. Ibid., Henry IV, Part I, Act IV, Scene I. 10. First part of Henry IV, Act I, Scene I. 11. There is an interesting relic in the Posterne Tower, found on the battlefield of Shrewsbury and presented to the Second Duke of North• umberland (1787). 12. Ibid., Plantagenet England, edited by Elizabeth Hallam, p. 64. 13. Chapter VII, Vol. I, p. 14. 14. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters Henry IV, Vol. I, pp. 158-9.

158 15. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters. Letter written Wednesday, October 3rd 1403. 16. Vol. I (1778) p. 239.

Chapter VII 1. Ibid., Wylie, Vol. III 1407-1410, p. 259. 2. Edward IV and Richard III, sons of Richard Duke of York and Cicely Neville, youngest daughter of the Earl ofW estmoreland by his second marnage. 3. Henry Beaufort, L.B. Radford, London (1908). 4. Ibid., Henry IV of England, Kirby. 5. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters 1 Henry IV, p. 300. 6. Written in Lisbon on December 30th 1403. 7. Ibid., Wylie, Vol. I, p. 431. 8. From March 31st to November 30th 1404. 9. Founded about 1230 in the time of Llewellyn the Great. 10. Adam ofUsk, who was certainly acquainted withjohn Trevor relates his switch of allegiance. 11. Ibid., Royal and Historical Letters 5 Henry IV, p. 281. 12. Ibid., Henry IV of England., Kirby. 13. Ibid., Vol I. pp. 208-9, 238-9, 242-4 and 251-408. 14. Ibid., Henry IV of England, Kirby. 15. Act III, Scene I, King Henry the Fourth, Part I. 16. Ibid., King Henry the Fourth, Part I, Act III, Scene I. 17. Ibid., Stubbs Constitutional History of England, Vol. III, p. 50. 18. John Stow, The Chronicles of England, 1592. 19. For a fair analysis of the enormity of Henry's behaviour see Bishop Stubbs' history. 20. Ibid., Wylie, Vol. II, p. 345. 21. Ibid., Thomas Arundel, Miss Aston. 22. See Hardyng's Verse account. 23. Ibid., Wylie, Vol. II, p. 345. 24. See Hardyng's Verse.

Chapter VIII 1. Ibid., Wylie, Vol. II, p. 19. 2. An unpublished Oxford University M.Litt. thesis submitted in 1980 by W.R.M. Griffiths entitled "The Military Career and Affinity of Henry Prince of Wales 1399-1413". 3. Ibid., National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, North Wales.1399-1413. 4. Henry IV of England, Kirby. 5. The English Parliament in the Middle Ages C. 1377-1422, Davies Denton. 6. Ibid., The Plantagenet Encyclopaedia. 7. Edited by Mary Everett Green (1846).

159 8. Ibid., another letter in the Royal and Illustrious Ladies Collection. 9. Ibid., Letters qfRoyal and Illustrious Ladies. Vol. I, pp. 78-81. 10. Ibid., Medieval Lincoln, Sir Francis Hill, Note p. 253. 11. Ibid., Henry IV qfEngland. 12. Ibid., The Lancashire Hollands, p. 160. 13. Much of this material is indebted to Wylie, History qfHenry IV. 14. Owen Glendower, Arthur Granville Bradley. 15. Ibid., Huizinga, The Waning qfthe Middle Ages, p. 175. 16. Ibid., Shakespeare. Act IV, Scene IV. 17. Ibid., Henry IV, Part II.

Chapter IX 1. Ibid., Vol. III, Wylie, p.112. 2. Ibid., "The Military Career and Affinity of Henry, Prince of Wales 1399-1415." 3. Ibid., Owain Glyndwr Prince qf Wales, Skidmore. 4. D.N.B. edited Stephen. 5. Briefe Chronycle Concernyng the blessed martyr of Christ Syr John Oldcastle, the Lord Cobham, 1544. 6. Ibid., The Arden Shakespeare King Henry IV Part II. 7. W ycliffite tracts were found in the shop of an illuminator in Paternos- ter Row who confessed that Oldcastle was the owner. 8. Ibid., Henry Vas Warlord, Seward. 9. Chronicle ofEnguerrard de Monstrelet edited ThomasJohnes, p. 211. 10. Ditto.

Chapter X 1. Hoccleve. De Reg 11.7 2. Ibid., Wylie, Vol. III 1407-1410. Henry the Fourth, pp. 437-438, 441. 3. Foxe's Book qfMartyrs. 4. Ibid., The Plantagenet Encyclopaedia, p. 101. 5. Act IV, Scene I. 6. A History ifParliament. The Middle Ages. Henry IV. Parliament and a Hobbled King, Ronald Butt (1989). 7. Ibid., A History qfParliament, p. 482. 8. The First English Lift qf King Henry the Fifth written in 1513 by an anonymous author known commonly as the translator of Livius, edited by John Lethbridge Kingsford. 9. Ibid., Henry Vas Warlord, Seward. 10. Juvenal des Ursins, Jean, Paris (1836), Histoire de Charles VI, ed. J.A. Buchon. 11. Ibid., Henry IV qf England. 12. Ibid., Henry V First English Lift, ed. Kingsford. 13. Ibid., The Chronicle qfAdam qfUsk, A.D. 1377-1421, p. 168. 14. Ibid., Henry Vas Warlord, Desmond Seward.

160 Bibliography

Adam of Usk, Chronica {1377-1421) ed. E. Maunde Thompson, London, 1904. Alnwick Castle Archives. Armitage-Smith, S., John if Gaunt, London, 1904. Aston, M.E., (Miss), Thomas Arundel, Oxford, 1967. Bean,J.M.W., 'Henry IV and the Percies', History, XLIV, 1959. Bevan, Bryan, King Richard II, London, 1990. Bradley, Arthur Granville, Owen Glyndwr, 1902. Bruce, Marie Louise, The Usurper King, London, 1986. The Brut or the Chronicle if England, ed. F.W.D. Brie, Early English Text Society. Orig. Series, 136. Burne, A.H., The Battlefields if England, 1950. Butt, Ronald, A History ifParliament: The Middle Ages, Henry IV, 1989. Capgrave, John, The Chronicle ifEngland, ed. F.C. Hingeston, Rolls Series, 1958. Chamberlin, E.R., The Court if Virtue, Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VIII, 1965. Chronique de la Traison et Mort de Richard II, ed. Benjamin Williams, 1846. Clarke, M.V., Fourteenth Century Studies, ed. L.S. Sutherland and M. Mackisch, Oxford, 1937. Creton,Jean, Histoire du Roy d'Angleterre Richard, ed. and trans.John Webb, 1824. Daniel, Samuel, The First Foure Boo/us ifthe Civile Wars between the Two Houses if Lancaster and Yorke, 1595. Davies Chronicle if the Reigns ifRichard II, Henry IV, ed.J.S. Davies, Camden Orig. Series 64, 1856. Davies, R.G. and Denton, J.H. (eds.), The English Parliament in the Middle Ages, 1981. English Historical Review (ed. Denys Hay, M.A.), No. CCCX, Jan. 1964. Froissart, Jean, Chroniques, ed. K. Lettenhove, 1895. Given-Wilson, Chris and Curteis, Alice, The Royal Bastards if Medieval England, 1985. Goodman, Anthony, John ifGaunt, 1992. Green, M.A. Everett (ed.), Letters ifRoyal and Illustrious Ladies, 1846. Griffiths, W.R.M., 'The Military Career and Affinity of Henry Prince of Wales.' An unpublished Oxford University M.Litt. thesis, 1980. Hallam, Elizabeth (ed.), Plantagenet England, 1990. Hardyng Chronicle, Chronicle of John Hardyng, ed. Henry Ellis, 1812.

161 Harrison, Frank Llewellyn, Music in Medieval Britain, 1958. Hayward, Sir John, The First Part qfthe Life and Raigne qf Henrie the Fourth, 1599. Hill, Sir Francis, Medieval Lincoln, 1990. Holland, Bernard, The Lancashire Hollands, 1907. Hingleston-Randolf, Royal and Historical Letters qfHenry IV. Huizinga,]., The Waning qf the Middle Ages. First published 1924. Penguin reprint 1987. Hutchison, H.F., The Hollow Crown, London, 1961. Jacob, E.F., The Fifteenth Century, 1399-1485. Paperback edition 1992. Kingsford, Lethbridge (ed.), The First English Life qf King Henry the Fifth, written in 1513 by an anonymous author known commonly as the translator of Livius. Kirby, J., Henry IV qf England, 1970. Lloyd, John Edward, Owen Glendower, 1992. Morgan, Kenneth {ed.), The Oiford Illustrated History qfBritain, 1952. Monstrelet, Enguerrand de, La Chronique. Radford, L.B., Henry Beaifort, 1908. Seward, Desmond, Henry Vas Warlord, 1987. Shakespeare, William, The Tragedy qfRichard II. Shakespeare, William, King Henry the Fourth, Part I and II. Skidmore, Ian, Owain Glyndwr, Prince qf Wales. Paperback edition 1992. Smith, Lucy Toulmin {ed.), The Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land made by Henry Earl qfDerby (ajlerwards King Henry IV) in the Years 1390-91 and 1392-93. Stow, John, The Chronicles qf England, 1592. Thomson, John A.F., The T'raniformation qf Medieval England, 1370-1529. First published 1983. Williams, G., Owen Glendower, 1966. Wylie, J.H., History qf England under Henry IV, 4 Vols., London, 1884-98.

Manuscripts Harleian MSS 4579. Harleian MSS 6829. Harleian MSS 4380 {for Froissart illustrations).

162 Index

AberystwythCastle, 113-114,134, 137,recaptured,l41 Bolingbroke, Henry of, 1, 2, birth, 6-7, marriage, 11-15, Abyssinia, Emperor of, 32 military experience, 16-34, travels to Prussia,Jerusa• Adam ofUsk, (Welsh chronicler) 5, 15, 38, 45, 48, 56, lem, 35-46, 47, created Duke of Hereford, 48, ac• 59-60, 63, 65, 68, 72-73, 79, exiled 84, 89-90, 96, cuses Norfolk of treason, 49-50, exiled, 51-53, 54, 112, 134, 142, pardoned, 143, escapes, death 152-53 55, 56, embarks, 57-58, solemn oath, 59, musters Albert of Haps burgh, Duke of Austria, 31 army, 60-66, claims throne, deposes Richard II, 67 Alianor, Duchess of Gloucester, 7, 41 Bolingbroke as Henry IV, 65, coronation, 68-69, rela• Aljubarotta, Battle of, 11 tions with Parliament, 70-7 4, rebelling against uncle, Alnwick Castle, 96, 108, 124 75-76, Henry and Percys; 76, character, tastes, 77, Anne of Bohemia, Richardii's Qyeen, 8, marriage, 8, Parliament, 78-79, 80,Welsh Rebellion, 81, assem• 9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 31, 36, intercedes, 38, 52, 72, 110 bles army 82-3, attempts to assassinate him, 84, ill Aquitaine,Duchy of, 28, 36-37, 39 fortune in Wales, 86, Henry and Qyeen Isabelle, 87- Archbishop of Canterbury, 46, tries to save brother's 90, ransoms Lord Grey, 91-92, marriage to Joanna, life,55, 58-59,61, 64, 66, crowns Henry, 69, 71, chief 93, 95-96, 98, strikes Hotspur, 99, 100, Percy Rebel• adviser, 73, 110, 112,117, 140,144, 146-7,death, 153 lion, 101-7, 108-9,110-13,114-117,119-121, orders Armagnacs, The, 135, 141, 146, 149 Scrope's execution, 122, illness, 123-24, 125-31, 132- Arundel Castle, 42-43, 110, 122, 131 36, crushes Percy rebellions 137-39, relations with Arundel, Richard Fitzalan, 9th Earl of (1346-97), 13- Prince of Wales, 139-143, 145-151, death, 152-53 15, 19,36-38, 42-43, 45, appealed treason, 55, 63, 81 Boniface IX, Pope, 55 Arundel, Thomas of(son of ninth Earl), 55, 58, 63, Boucicaut,Jean de, 21-22, 53 113, 122, 128, 146, 147 Bowet, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 129, York, 147 Arundel, Thomas (1353-1414), Bishop of Ely, 13, 42 Bradmore,John, Henry IV's surgeon, 129 Aumerle (see Edward, son of Edmund of Langley) Bramham Moor, Battle of (1408), 136 Brembre, NICholas, Mayor of London 14-15, 17,43 Badby,John of Evesham, burnt at stake, 144-45 Bruges, City of, 134 Bale,John (author), 138 Brut Chronicle, The, 41,48-9, 70, 90, 98, l12, 122,131,139 Bardolf, Lord ofWormegay, 119, 124, 134, 136 Bukton, Peter, 22, 27, 31-32 Beauchamp, Richard, 13th Earl of Warwick, 92, 132, Burgundians, 146 137, 140, 147 Burgundy,John the Fearless, Duke of, 135 Beauchamp, Thomas, 12th Earl of Warwick, 13, 15, Burgundy, Philip le Hardi, Duke of, 56 38, 42-43, 44-45, 47 Burley, Sir Simon, 5-6, 16, condemned to death, 18 Beaufort, Henry, 4, 40,legitimized, Bishop of Lincoln, Burton, Sir Thomas, 114 57,92,110-111, Winchester, 144, 146,intrigues, 147 Bushy, Sir John, 45, 50, 59 Beaufort, Joan, Henry's half-sister 4, 40, legitimized, llO Butler, James, Earl of Ormonde, 139, 147-148 Beaufort, Joan, daughter ofJohn, marries, 127 Beaufort,John, 4, 40, legitimized, 110, died, 146 Caemarvon Castle, 133 Beaufort, Thomas, 4, legitimized, 40 Camoys, Lord, 107, 108 Beaufort, Sir Thomas, 4, 40, 90, 110, 122, 144, 146, Capgrave, John (chronicler), 29, 32-33, 83, 102-103, Chancellor, created Earl of Dorset, 149 123, 129-130, 152 Beaumaris Castle, 82, 114 Cardigan Castle, 114 Becket, Archbishop, of Canterlmry, 121 Catalina, daughter of Gaunt, 4, 12, 19, marries, 53 Benedict XIII, Pope, 114 Charles V of France, 76 Berri, Duke of, Uncle of Charles VI of France, 52, 141 Charles VI of France, 28, 40-41,50-52,56,61, 73, 74, Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, frrst wife of Gaunt, 114, formal alliance with Glyn D~, 125, 134 mother ofHenry of Bolingbroke, 2-3,29, 37,53 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 3, 35, 76, 133 Blanche, Princess, daughter ofHenry IV, 29, 88-89, 93 Chaucer, Philippa, wife of Geoffrey, 4, 9 Bohun, Humphrey de, Earl of Hereford, 7 Chaucer, Thomas, Speaker, 130, 133, 146 Bohun, Mary de, first wife ofHenry, 7-8, 14, 23, 27, 28, Cheddar, Richard, special case in Parliament, 77 29, 34, 35-36, 37-38, death and burial, 77, 100 Chichele, Bishop, 140, 144, 147 Bolingbroke Castle, 1, 35

163 Ckronique de Ia Traison et Mort de Richard Deux, 20, 42, 4 7, Gascoigne, Sir William, ChiefJustice, 121-122 50, 64, 66, 70-71 Gascoigne, Thomas, 53 Clarendon, Sir Roger de, Black. Prince's illegitimate Gettin, Rhys, 90, 125 son, 93-4, 119 Giles Chronicle, The, 64, 103, 118 Clifford, Sir William, 108, 112 Gloucestor, Duke of (see Woodstock., Thomas ol Colchester, William, AbbotofWest:min.ster, 42, 70, 152 Glyn D~, Greffydd, Owain's son, 125 Conway Castle, 60, 82-83 Glyn DWr, Maredudd, 137 Comeweille, Sir John, 117 Glyn D~, Owain, great Welsh rebel, 11, 78-81 Costanza ofCastile,2ndwifeofGaunt, 3-4, 7,11-12,19,37 dares himselfWelsh Prince ofWales, 82, 84-85 Cranley, Thomas, Archbishop of Dublin, 88 91, 94,98-102, 104106-107,109, 113-115, 117- Criccieth Castle, 114 125, 133-134, 137, indomitable in defeat, 141, Creton (French squire and chronicler), 57, 62 Glyn DWr, Tudor, 125 Crouchback., Edmund, 20, 63-64 Gower, John (poet), 35, 76 Great Schism, The, 41, 140 Daniel, Samuel (poet), 59, 102, 106 Grey ofRuthyn, The Lord, 68, 80-82, 85, 90-91 Denbigh Castle, 84-85 Grosmont Castle, 2-3, 125, 133 Derby, Henry of, Earl of (see Bolingbroke, Henry of) Guelders, Duke of, 42 Despenser, Constance, Lady, 116, 117 Despenser, Sir Thomas, 45, Lord Despenser, 69 Hainault, Alben, Count of, 77 Dieulacre.r Chronicle The, 64, 68, 99, 103 Hainault, William, Count of, 42 Doge ofVenice, 32 Hanmer, Margaret, wife ofOwain Glyn D~r, 81, Dorset, Marquis of (see Beaufon,John) Hardyng,John (chronicler), 20, 84, 102, 108 Douglas, Archibald, fourth Earl of, 95, 97-99, 104-107 Harlech Castle, 113, 134, 137, besieged, surrenders. Douglas, James, third Earl o£19, killed Otterburn, 95 Hende,John, 93 Dunbar, George, Scottish Earl of March, 74, 95, 104- Henry III, 66 5, 111, 132 Henry ofGrosmont, first Duke of Lancaster, 2, 15,22 Dunbar, Christine, Scottish Countess of March, 111 Henry VI, 26, 93, 129 Dunstanburgh Castle (Northumberland), 3, 96 Hereford,Joan,Countessof, (mother-in-law), 7, 7: Dymock., Sir Thomas, King's champion, 68 Hereford, Duke of (see Henry of Bolingbroke) Henry of Monmouth, later Prince of Wales, 14, b Edmund of Langley, Duke of York., Bolingbroke's 22, 41, 57, 64, 68, 78, 82-83, 88, 89, 99, 101, uncle 18, 28, 57, 59, 60, 64, 71 105, wounded, 107, Henry V, 110, 125-126, Edward I, 58, 85, 113-114, 139 131, 134, 137, 139, as Henry V, 142, 145, 147 Edward II, 118 Herle, Hugh, Bolingborke's confessor, 27, 33 Edward, Prince ofWales (The Black. Prince), father of Hertford Castle, 3, 6, 9, 23, 36 Richard II, 2, 3, 28, 93, 108, 152 (tomb Canterbury) Hoccleve {poet), 76, 89, 144 Edward, son of Edmund of Langley, Earl of Rutland, Holinshed Ralph (historian), 95, 102-103, 105-106, 40, Richard Il's favourite, 41, 44, 47, created Duke Holland, Sir John, Richard Il's half-brother, 12, of Aumerle, 55, 60, betrays Richard, 61, 64, 88, 113 Earl of Huntingdon, 28, 43, 45, 47, created Dul (now Duke of York), 117, 137, 144, 149 Exeter, 57, 60-61, 70 Edward III, 2-4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 28, 66, 81, 87, 91, 93, 114 Holbach, David, 143 Elizabeth of Lancaster, Henry's sister, 4, 9, 11-12, 28, Homildon Hill, Battle of (1402), 95-96, 98, 103 marries John Holland, 47, (Lady Corneweille),117 Huisinga, J. (historian), 1 Elizabeth II, ~een, 110 Humphrey of Lancaster, The Lord, youngest sc Eric, King of Denmark. and Sweden, 89, 129 Henry IV, 26, 129-130, 139, 147 Eltham Palace, 13, 92, 150 Hunt, William, Constable, 113 Erpingham, Sir Thomas, 22, 27, 30, 58, 140 Hus,John, religious reformer, 31, 145

Falstaff, Sir John, 138 Innocent VII, Pope, 123 Ferrour,John, ofSouthwark., 8 Isabelle, Princess of France, eldest daughter of Ch Flint Castle, 61-62 VI, 40-42, marries Richard II, 52, 64,returns Franc Foxe,John, 138 Froissan,Jean (chronicler), 6, 18,21, 40, 42, 49,51, 55-6,63 Jacob, E.F. (historian), 139 Fulthorpe, Sir William, 121-22 Jagiello, King of Poland, 26 Fusoris, Jean, 139 James I of Lusiquan, King of Cyprus, 33

164 James I, King of Scotland, 127 Monstrelet, Enguerrand de (French chronicler), 86, James of St. George (architect), 113 107' 139-140, 151 Jerusalem, 1, 31-2, Henry of Derby's visit, 149, 150 Montague, SirJohn, third Earl of Salisbury, 39, 48, 57, Jerusalem Chamber, 151-152 60, 62, 70, beheaded,71 Joan of Kent, Princess, 6, 10, 88, 93 Mortimer, Sir Edmund, 90-91, 98, 101, 107,118, 141 Joanna of Navarre, Duchess, widow of Duke of Brit• Mortimer, Edmund, nephew ofabove, 66,91, 98,116-17 tany, 56, 92-3, marries Henry N, 111, 129, 152-53 Mortimer, (Katherine), Lady, 118, 141, death John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, father of Henry N, Mortimer, Roger, Earl of March, 16, killed, 54, 57 2, 5, 6-12, 17, 19-22, 24, 28-9, 36-7, 45, High Mowbray, Thomas, Earl of Nottingham, 13, a "Lord Steward, 46, 48, 51-3, death, 54, 63, 103, 110, 112 Appellant", 15-16, 18, 40-1, 42-3,44-5,46-7, created John ofLancaster, the Lord, Henry N' s third son, 108, Duke of Norfolk, 48-50, exiled for life, dies, 51, 119 123, 138 (Duke ofBedford) Mowbray, Thomas (son ofabove), 117, 119-120, 122, John, King,39 executed, 136 John Ooio )I of Portugal, 11, 112, 128 John XXIII, Pope (Baldassare Cossa), 140 Neville, Alexander,ArchbishopofYork, 14, 15,17,43,121 Junginger, Conrad de, Grand Master, 116 Neville, Ralph, Earl ofWestmoreland, Henry's brother- Juvenal, Jean (French historian), 149 in-law, 58, 69, 75, 85, 97, 103, 108, 119, 136, 140, 147 Nigarelli, David di (Italian doctor), 129 Kenilworth Castle, 3, 6 Norfolk, Duke of, (see Thomas Mowbray) Kent, Thomas Holland, Earl of (Richard II' s nephew), Norbury,John, 22, 56, 69-70, 140 44, 47, created Duke of Surrey, 48 Nottingham, Earl of (see Thomas Mowbray) Kentchurch (Golden Valley), 142 Nottingham Castle, 3, 14 Kidwelly Castle, 109, 138 Kingeston, Richard, Archdeaoon ofHereford, 27, 30, 108 Oldcastle, Sir John, Lord Cobham, 137, 138 King Henry the Fourth, Part I and Part II, 102, 138 Orleans, Louis Duke of, 56, 86-7, 111, 135 Kingi.r Qyair James I of Scotland poem, 127 Otterbourne (chronicler), 57, 147 Kings Langley, Richard II ftrst buried at priory, 72 Konigsberg, Henry of Derby's visit, 25-26, 30, 129 Pennant, Thomas, traveller in Wales, 81, 109 Percy, The Lady Elizabeth, 91, 98, 107-108 Lacy, Henry de, 85 Percy, Sir Henry of Athol, 124 Lancaster Castle, 3 Percy, Henry, Earl ofNorthumberland, 16, 56, 58, 61, Leeds Castle, 68-69 68, 75-76, 95, 96, 99-101, 102, 108, 111-112, 117- Leicester Castle, 3, 6, 9 119, 124, defeat and death, Bramham Moor, 134-36 Lincoln Castle, 3, 6, 9 Percy, Sir Henry (Hotspur), Northumberland's eldest Lincoln Cathedral, 4, 9, Katherine Swinford buried, 110 son, 18-20, 21, 58, 68, 74-76, 78, 83-84, 85, 90-91, Lincoln, City of, 9, 14 row with King, 95-96, 98, 100-05, killed (1403),106 Lionel, Duke ofClarence (3rd son ofEdward III), 34, 41, 91 Percy, Henry (Hotspur's son), 98, 108 Littlington, Abbot ofWestminster, 5 Percy, Sir Thomas, Earl of Worcester, 28, 47, 75, 84- Lollardy, 39 85, 86, 100-101, 102-102, 106, executed, 107, Ill Lloyd, of Denbigh, William, 85 Percys, The, 74, 76, 85, 95-96, 97, 98-99, 108, Ill Lords Appellant, 13-14, 16, 18, 45, 73 Peterborough Cathedral, 29 Louis, of Bavaria, Prince, 89, 93 Peterborough, Manor of, 28 Loudeham, Sir John, 26 Philippa of Lancaster, Henry Bolingbroke's sister, 7, 11-12, marries John I of Portugal, 19, 53, 112, 128 Machynlleth, 113 Philippa, daughter of Henry Bolingbroke, 37, 129 Malvern, Master, Henry IV's doctor, 129 Pisan, Christine de (biographer and poet), 76-77 Manuel II of Palaeologus, Emperor, 77 Plumpton, Sir Robert, 119, 122 Massy, of Podynton,John, 82 Pole, Michael de Ia, Earl of Suffolk, 13-14, 43 Merciless Parliament, The, 17, 18-19, 45 Pomfreit, William, 30 Merke, Thomas, Monk ofWestminster and Bishop of Pontefract Castle, 6, 71 Carlyle, 52, 57, 61-2, 66-7, 70 Powis, The Lord, 142-143 Middleham,John de, 124 Prague, Henry of Derby's visit, 31 Milan, Duke of (Visconti) Gian Galeazzo, 33-35, 49 Prestbury, Thomas, AbbotofShrewsbury, 59, 102 Monmouth Castle, 3, 14 Prioress of Rowney, 127

165 Pwll Melyn, Welsh battlefield, 125 Sutton,John, Mayor of Lincoln, 14 Swinderby, William, Trial at Lincoln, 9 Rabe, Marshal, Commander Teutonic Knights, 25 Swynford, Sir Hugh, Lincolnshire Knight, 4 Radcot Bridge, Battle of, 15, 25, 47 Swynford, Katherine, widow of Sir Hugh, mistre! Rempston, Sir Thomas, 22, 58 John ofGaunt, 4, marriage, 7, 37, 40, 110, death, Repyndon, Philip, Henry IV's confessor, 85-86, Bishop Swynford, Sir Thomas, 4, 9, 21, 22, 69 of Lincoln, 130 Sychanh, Glyn Dwr's family home, 81 Richard II, 2, 4-6, coronation, 7, 8, marriage, 9-13, 14- 16, temporally deposed, 17-20, 21-22, 24, 27-28, 29, Taaf, Margaret, Bolingbroke's nurse, 3 quarrel with City of London, 31-32, 35-39, first visit Talbot, Lord Gilben, 125, 137 to Ireland, 40-41, marries Isabelle of France, 42-45, Teutonic Knights, 22, 24-25, 28-30, 116 his revenge, 45-50, exiles Bolingbroke, 51-52, King's Thimyng, Sir William, 65, 67 Tyranny, 53-61, betrayed, 62-64, resigns crown 65- Thomas ofLancaster, The Lord, younger son ofHe 69, imprisoned Pontefract Castle, 70, murdered 71- IV, 22, 88, Lieutenant in Ireland, 129-130, 139, J 72,73-76,78-79,83,86-89,93-94, 107,111,113,145 146, Duke of Clarence, 149-150, death, 151 Rickhill, Sir William, 45 Thomas ofWoodstock, Duke of Gloucester, youn Rieux,Jean de, French Commander, 126 son Edward III, Bolingbroke's uncle, 7, 12, 13 Robert III, King of Scotland, 74, 77, 127 15-16, 18-19,24, 41-2, 43-4, death, 45-7, 48, 57, Rochford Hall, 7 Tille, John, Henry IV's last confessor, 152 Rokeby, Sir Thomas, 136 Tiptoft, SirJohn, Speaker Commons, 126-27, 133, Roos, Lord de, 144, 147 Titus Livio (Italian scholar), 14 7 Ruyal and Historical Letters, Henry IV, 74, 112, 116 Trade with German Cities (The Hanse), 116 Ruyal and 1/lwtrious Ladies, 127 Tragfdy q[King Richard The Second, 49, 154 Tresillian, Sir Robert, Lord ChiefJustice, 14, 18, Sautre, William, Lollard priest, executed 73 Trevor, John, Bishop of St. Asaph, 79, 114 Savage,John, 77-78 Triple Convention, The (1405), 118 Savage, Sir Arnold, Speaker, 78, 111, 126 Savoy, Palace of, 3, 11 Vaughan of Cato, Llewellyn ap Griffith, 89 Scrope of Masham, Henry, Lord, 129 Venice, Henry of Derby given high honours, 31- Scrape, Richard, Archbishop ofYork, 66, 94, 107, 118- Vere, Robert de, ninth Earl of Oxford, 6, 11, 122, execution, 123, 140, 145, 152 created Duke oflreland, 14, 15, flees, 19, 38, 43 Scrope, Sir William, 47 Vernon, Sir Richard, 106-107 Scudamore, Alice, 142 Vienna, Henry of Derby's visit, 31-33 Scudamore,John, 142 Visconti, Gian Galeazzo, see Milan, Duke of Serle, William, executed at Tyburn, 112-113 Visconti, Lucia, 34, 130-131 Sigismund, King of Hungary, 31 Shakespeare, William, 3, 49, 53, 58-59, 72, 77, 83, 88, Wake, Lady, 3 91, 102-103, 104-105, 136, 138, 145, 154 Walden, Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury, 50, 64 Sherbury, Nicholas, 96, 118 Walsingham (chronicler), 87, 154 Shrewsbury, Battle of (1403), 101-106, 108, 146 Warkworth Castle, 102, 108, 124 Skenfrith Castle, 3, 133 Waterton, Hugh, Chamberlain, 7, 9, 22, 25, 27, 99, Skidmore, Sir John, 125 Waterton,John, 30 St. Inglevert,Jousts of, 21-22 Waterton, Roben, 27, 30, 108 St. Pol, Count of, W aleran of Luxembourg, 28, 50, 87-88 Wenceslas, King, brother of Anne of Bohemia, Stafford, Earl of, 104-105, 111 Westminster Abbey, 6, 9, 38, 63, 67, 70, 73, 111, 145, 1. Stafford, Edmund de, Henry IV's Chancellor, 20 Whittingdon, Richard, 150 Standith, Christopher, 127-128 Whalley Abbey Chronicle, 16 Statute De Heretico Comburendo (1401), 39, 73, 145 Willoughby, Lord William, 22, 58, 130 Stow,John (chronicler), 120, 147, 150-151 Wonderful Parliament, The, 13 Strata Florida, Welsh Cistercian Abbey, 84 Woxbrigg, Abbot John, 130 Stubbs, Bishop, 77 Wycliffe,John (religious reformer), 9, 145 Sturmy, Sir William, Speaker Commons, 116 Wylie,J.H., 54, 72, 107-8, 110, 113, 121, 123, 128, Stury, Sir Richard, 39 Wyntoun, Andrew (chronicler}, 53 Sudley, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury, 121 Surrey, Duke of (see Kent, Earl of) Young, Dr Graffydd, Glyn D~'s Chancellor, 12:

166