University of Southampton Research Repository

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

University of Southampton Research Repository 1 University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non- commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. 2 University of Southampton Faculty of Humanities Shakespeare’s Defence of Verse Robert Stagg 1 vol. Doctor of Philosophy in English September 2017 3 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES English Doctor of Philosophy SHAKESPEARE’S DEFENCE OF VERSE by Robert Stagg ‘I heard a fair lady sigh: “I wish someone would write a good treatise on prosody”’ (Ezra Pound, ABC of Reading (1934))1 This thesis is about Shakespeare’s prosody, and it tries to be good. The first section is composed of four chapters, each of which examines one of the four metrical traditions available to early modern writers (quantitative prosody in Chapter 1, rhyming verse in Chapter 2, syllabic prosody in Chapter 3 and accentual prosody in Chapter 4) and what Shakespeare may have brought or wrought from it. It evokes how many of the things we have valued in Shakespeare – the sophistication of onstage action (Chapter 1), the wild sequences of language (Chapter 2), the verisimilar worlds of the plays (Chapter 3), the unusually ‘deep’ characters (Chapter 4) – have origins in his handling of metre and rhythm. The second part of the thesis considers how Shakespeare uneasily binds these four prosodic inheritances, and what they gave him, into a new blank verse (Chapter 5) which frequently risks something like free verse (Chapter 6). In doing all of this, it hopes to uncover Shakespeare’s ‘defence of verse’ – the treatise he never wrote. 1 Ezra Pound, ABC of Reading (London: Faber and Faber, 1961 [1934]), p.197. 4 Contents: Acknowledgments p.5. Introduction pp.6-12. Part One: - Chapter 1: Action pp.13-43. - Chapter 2: Sequence pp.44-65. - Chapter 3: World pp.66-90. - Chapter 4: Character pp.91-103. Part Two: - Chapter 5: Blanks pp.104-123. - Chapter 6: Not Blanks pp.124-151. Bibliography pp.152-187. Illustrations: Fig. 1: ‘I Came For The Dick Jokes’, from www.imgarcade.com. Fig. 2: From George Puttenham, The Art of English Poesie (London: Richard Field, S.R. 1588). Note on Conventions: Early modern texts have been modernised, except where otherwise stated. Effects of prosodic stress (or quantity) are communicated by use of bold font; other kinds of emphasis by use of italic font. 5 Academic Thesis: Declaration Of Authorship I, Robert Stagg, declare that this thesis and the work presented in it are my own and has been generated by me as the result of my own original research. SHAKESPEARE’S DEFENCE OF VERSE I confirm that: 1. This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University; 2. Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated; 3. Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed; 4. Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work; 5. I have acknowledged all main sources of help; 6. Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself; 7. Either none of this work has been published before submission, or parts of this work have been published as: SEE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Signed: ROBERT STAGG Date: 19/09/2017 6 Acknowledgments: I am thankful to the following people for their direct contributions to this thesis (in alphabetical order of surname): Gavin Alexander, Ros Ballaster, Joanna Beaufoy, Matthew Bevis, Nicholas Bland, John Creaser, Laura Davies, Judi Dench, Robert Douglas-Fairhurst, Derek Dunne, Alice Eardley, Paul Edmondson, Eric Griffiths, Andrew Hadfield, Michael Hurley, Freya Johnston, Andy Kesson, Laurie Maguire, Will May, the late and much-missed Russ McDonald, Ian McKellen, Lucy Munro, Anthony Ossa-Richardson, Diane Purkiss, Elizabeth Scott- Baumann, the members of ‘Shakesposium’, Paul Skinner, Peter Swaab, Ann Thompson, Will Tosh, Stephen Watkins, Stanley Wells, George T. Wright; and above all, to my principal supervisor Ros King. I am grateful to staff at the following institutions, where this thesis has been written or worked upon: the Bodleian Libraries, Oxford; the British Library and the British Museum, London; Gladstone’s Library, Hawarden; the New York Public Library, New York City; and the Shakespeare Centre, Stratford-upon-Avon. I am also grateful to the following institutions for financially supporting this thesis and related research (again, in alphabetical order): the Arts and Humanities Research Council, Gladstone’s Library, the New York Public Library, the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, the Society for Renaissance Studies, St Anne’s College, Oxford, and (last but most) the Wolfson Foundation, London for their award of a Wolfson Scholarship in the Humanities. Thanks are due to conference audiences, organisers and interlocutors at the following institutions: Chawton House, the University of Fribourg, the University of Lancaster, the University of London (Birkbeck, KCL, UCL), the University of Oxford, the University of Roehampton, The Shakespeare Institute, the University of Southampton, St Anne’s College, Oxford, and the University of York. I also thank the editors of the journals, book collections and periodicals that have published or accepted work related to this thesis, thereby contributing to its final form: Shakespeare Survey, Literature Compass, Renaissance Studies, the Times Literary Supplement, Around the Globe, Drama and Pedagogy in Medieval and Early Modern England, Reading the Road in Shakespeare’s Britain and The Edinburgh Companion to Literature and Music. I am grateful to the University of Oxford for awarding me the Charles Oldham Shakespeare Prize for earlier, formative work on Shakespeare’s prosody. Finally, to my parents – whom I have not acknowledged enough. This thesis is dedicated to them. 7 Introduction Philip Sidney’s Defence of Poetry (1595) is not a defence of verse. While he acknowledges that ‘the greatest part of poets have apparelled their poetical inventions in that numbrous kind of writing which is called verse’, Sidney regards it as an ‘ornament and no cause to poetry, since there have been many excellent poets that never versified, and now swarm many versifiers that need never answer to the name of poets’.2 Poetry is instead, for Sidney, an Aristotelian ‘imitation’ unbound by form or subject – so that Xenophon’s Cyropaedia (c.370BC) can be ‘an absolute heroical poem’ even though Xenophon ‘wrote in prose’.3 Like Sidney, the ‘freely-ranging poet’ is a traveller, taking with him ‘a great passport of poetry’ – a passport that can admit him into the prose realms of the ‘philosopher’ and ‘historiographer’.4 The poet is ‘lifted up with the vigour of his own invention’, disdaining ‘to be tied’ to any ‘subjection’, whereas the ‘versifier’ – a word which assumes a pejorative colour in the early sixteenth century (OED 2) – risks being cramped or circumscribed by his metres.5 For Sidney, this distinction between poetry and verse was something of a ‘grammarians[’] dispute’.6 Maybe it still seems so today. Yet it has informed our more modern sense of there being a prose-poetry or a poetic prose, and has formed part of the rationale for nineteenth and twentieth century free verse. The distinction between poetry and verse is older than Sidney, though not as old as he thought. It came to him from Italy. In the treatise On True Poetry (1555) Giovanni Pietro Capriano had divided poeti perfetti from versificatori bassi and metrici semplicissimi, and Lodovico Castelvetro’s commentary upon Aristotle (1570) judged that ‘the Electra of Sophocles, put into prose, would remain poetry, not change into history’.7 Sixteenth-century Italian Platonists objected to this Aristotelian distinction, arguing that ‘verse is so proper and essential to poetry that it is necessary for it, and that poetry can neither be made nor be without verse’ – in short, that ‘verse makes poetry’.8 2 Philip Sidney, The Defence of Poesy in Sir Philip Sidney: The Major Works, ed. Katherine Duncan-Jones (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p.218. 3 Ibid. 4 Sidney, Defence, pp.216, 214. 5 Sidney, Defence, pp.216, 218. 6 Sidney, Defence, p.218. 7 Giovanni Pietro Capriano, Della Vera Poetica (Munich: Wilhelm Fink, 1968), p.14; Lodovico Castelvetro, Poetica d’Aristotele Vulgarizzata E Sposta, 2 vols., ed. Werther Romani (Rome: Laterza, 1978), vol. 1, p.254. Translations by Timothy Steele in Missing Measures: Modern Poetry and the Revolt Against Meter (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1990), pp.139, 141. 8 Francesco Patrizi da Cherso, Della Poetica (1586), ed. Danilo Aguzzi Barbagli (Florence: Istituto Nazionale di Studi Sul Rinascimento, 1969), p.113; Lorenzo Parigiuolo, Inquiry into Poetry (1586), qtd. in Bernard Weinberg, A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance, 2 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), vol. 1, p.620.
Recommended publications
  • Stage by Stage South Bank: 1988 – 1996
    Stage by Stage South Bank: 1988 – 1996 Stage by Stage The Development of the National Theatre from 1848 Designed by Michael Mayhew Compiled by Lyn Haill & Stephen Wood With thanks to Richard Mangan and The Mander & Mitchenson Theatre Collection, Monica Sollash and The Theatre Museum The majority of the photographs in the exhibition were commissioned by the National Theatre and are part of its archive The exhibition was funded by The Royal National Theatre Foundation Richard Eyre. Photograph by John Haynes. 1988 To mark the company’s 25th birthday in Peter Hall’s last year as Director of the National October, The Queen approves the title ‘Royal’ Theatre. He stages three late Shakespeare for the National Theatre, and attends an plays (The Tempest, The Winter’s Tale, and anniversary gala in the Olivier. Cymbeline) in the Cottesloe then in the Olivier, and leaves to start his own company in the The funds raised are to set up a National West End. Theatre Endowment Fund. Lord Rayne retires as Chairman of the Board and is succeeded ‘This building in solid concrete will be here by the Lady Soames, daughter of Winston for ever and ever, whatever successive Churchill. governments can do to muck it up. The place exists as a necessary part of the cultural scene Prince Charles, in a TV documentary on of this country.’ Peter Hall architecture, describes the National as ‘a way of building a nuclear power station in the September: Richard Eyre takes over as Director middle of London without anyone objecting’. of the National. 1989 Alan Bennett’s Single Spies, consisting of two A series of co-productions with regional short plays, contains the first representation on companies begins with Tony Harrison’s version the British stage of a living monarch, in a scene of Molière’s The Misanthrope, presented with in which Sir Anthony Blunt has a discussion Bristol Old Vic and directed by its artistic with ‘HMQ’.
    [Show full text]
  • Beowulf Themes
    Wednesday, November 12, 2014 • Do now: In your notebooks, answer the following prompt: –What is a hero? Explain your definition and give examples. Thursday, November 13, 2014 • Do now: In your notebooks, answer the following prompt: –What is courage? How would most people today define courage? Beowulf Themes • Good vs Evil • Violence • Identity • Courage • Strength and • Mortality Skill • The • Wealth Supernatural • Religion • Traditions & Customs Beowulf Motifs/Symbols • Motifs • Symbols –Monsters –The Golden –The Oral Torque Tradition (Rewards) –The Mead –The Banquet Hall (Celebration) Beowulf Author • Very little is known about the author –Male –Educated –Upper Class –Anglo-Saxon / Christian Beowulf Information • Poem was composed (created) in the 8th century – Although it is English in language and origin, the poem does not deal with Englishmen, but their Germanic ancestors (Danes & Geats) – The Danes are from Denmark & the Geats are from modern day Sweden Beowulf Info (cont’d) • Some of the original poem was destroyed in the Ashburnham House Fire, causing a number of lines to be lost forever (1731) • The poem is circular in that it starts out with a young warrior, he grows old, another young warrior saves the day, etc. (comes full circle) Beowulf Info (cont’d) • Beowulf’s people are the Geats • Hrothgar’s people are the Danes • Beowulf reigned as king for 50 years • According to legend, Beowulf died at the age of 90 years old • Beowulf takes place in Scandinavia Beowulf’s Origin So why wasn’t it written down in the first place? This story was probably passed down orally for centuries before it was first written down.
    [Show full text]
  • Proem Shakespeare S 'Plaies and Poems"
    Proem Shakespeare s 'Plaies and Poems" In 1640, the publisher John Benson presents to his English reading public a Shakespeare who is now largely lost to us: the national author of poems and plays. By printing his modest octavo edition of the Poems: Written By Wil. Shake-speare. Gent., Benson curiously aims to complement the 1623 printing venture of Shakespeare's theatre colleagues, John Heminge and Henry Condell , who had presented Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies in their monumental First Folio. Thus, in his own Dedicatory Epistle "To the Reader," Benson remarks that he presents "some excellent and sweetly composed Poems," which "had nor the fortune by reason of their lnfancie in his death, to have the due accommodation of proportionable glory, with the rest of his everliving Workes" (*2r). Indeed, as recent scholarship demonstrates, Benson boldly prints his octavo Poems on the model ofHeminge and Condell 's Folio Plays. ' Nor simply does Benson's volume share its primer, Thomas Cores, wirh rhe 1632 Folio, bur both editions begin with an identical format: an engraved portrait of the author; a dedicatory epistle "To the Reader"; and a set of commendatory verses, with Leonard Digges contributing an impor­ tant celebratory poem to both volumes. Benson's engraving by William Marshall even derives from the famous Martin Droeshout engraving in the First Folio, and six of the eight lines beneath Benson's engraving are borrowed from Ben Jonson's famed memorial poem to Shakespeare in char volume. Accordingly, Benson rakes his publishing goal from Heminge and Conde!!. They aim to "keepe the memory of such worthy a Friend, & Fellow alive" (Dedicatory Epistle to the earls ofPembroke and Montgomery, reprinted in Riverside, 94), while he aims "to be serviceable for the con­ tinuance of glory to the deserved Author" ("To the Reader," *2v).
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship of the Dramatic Works of John Lyly to Later Elizabethan Comedies
    Durham E-Theses The relationship of the dramatic works of John Lyly to later Elizabethan comedies Gilbert, Christopher G. How to cite: Gilbert, Christopher G. (1965) The relationship of the dramatic works of John Lyly to later Elizabethan comedies, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9816/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE RELATIONSHIP OP THE DRAMATIC WORKS OP JOHN LYLY TO LATER ELIZABETHAN COMEDIES A Thesis Submitted in candidature for the degree of Master of Arts of the University of Durham by Christopher G. Gilbert 1965 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. DECLARATION I declare this work is the result of my independent investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • King and Country: Shakespeare’S Great Cycle of Kings Richard II • Henry IV Part I Henry IV Part II • Henry V Royal Shakespeare Company
    2016 BAM Winter/Spring #KingandCountry Brooklyn Academy of Music Alan H. Fishman, Chairman of the Board William I. Campbell, Vice Chairman of the Board BAM, the Royal Shakespeare Company, and Adam E. Max, Vice Chairman of the Board The Ohio State University present Katy Clark, President Joseph V. Melillo, Executive Producer King and Country: Shakespeare’s Great Cycle of Kings Richard II • Henry IV Part I Henry IV Part II • Henry V Royal Shakespeare Company BAM Harvey Theater Mar 24—May 1 Season Sponsor: Directed by Gregory Doran Set design by Stephen Brimson Lewis Global Tour Premier Partner Lighting design by Tim Mitchell Music by Paul Englishby Leadership support for King and Country Sound design by Martin Slavin provided by the Jerome L. Greene Foundation. Movement by Michael Ashcroft Fights by Terry King Major support for Henry V provided by Mark Pigott KBE. Major support provided by Alan Jones & Ashley Garrett; Frederick Iseman; Katheryn C. Patterson & Thomas L. Kempner Jr.; and Jewish Communal Fund. Additional support provided by Mercedes T. Bass; and Robert & Teresa Lindsay. #KingandCountry Royal Shakespeare Company King and Country: Shakespeare’s Great Cycle of Kings BAM Harvey Theater RICHARD II—Mar 24, Apr 1, 5, 8, 12, 14, 19, 26 & 29 at 7:30pm; Apr 17 at 3pm HENRY IV PART I—Mar 26, Apr 6, 15 & 20 at 7:30pm; Apr 2, 9, 23, 27 & 30 at 2pm HENRY IV PART II—Mar 28, Apr 2, 7, 9, 21, 23, 27 & 30 at 7:30pm; Apr 16 at 2pm HENRY V—Mar 31, Apr 13, 16, 22 & 28 at 7:30pm; Apr 3, 10, 24 & May 1 at 3pm ADDITIONAL CREATIVE TEAM Company Voice
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 "The Elements of Rhythm: Sound, Symbol, and Time"
    This is “The Elements of Rhythm: Sound, Symbol, and Time”, chapter 1 from the book Music Theory (index.html) (v. 1.0). This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ 3.0/) license. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author (but see below), don't make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This content was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz (http://lardbucket.org) in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Additionally, per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages. More information is available on this project's attribution page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/attribution.html?utm_source=header). For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/). You can browse or download additional books there. i Chapter 1 The Elements of Rhythm: Sound, Symbol, and Time Introduction The first musical stimulus anyone reacts to is rhythm. Initially, we perceive how music is organized in time, and how musical elements are organized rhythmically in relation to each other. Early Western music, centering upon the chant traditions for liturgical use, was arhythmic to a great extent: the flow of the Latin text was the principal determinant as to how the melody progressed through time.
    [Show full text]
  • The History, Printing, and Editing of the Returne from Pernassus
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1-2009 The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus Christopher A. Adams College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Adams, Christopher A., "The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus" (2009). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 237. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/237 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in English from The College of William and Mary by Christopher A. Adams Accepted for____________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors ) _________________________ ___________________________ Paula Blank , Director Monica Potkay , Committee Chair English Department English Department _________________________ ___________________________ Erin Minear George Greenia English Department Modern Language Department Williamsburg, VA December, 2008 1 The History, Printing, and Editing of The Returne from Pernassus 2 Dominus illuminatio mea -ceiling panels of Duke Humfrey’s Library, Oxford 3 Acknowledgments I am deeply indebted to my former adviser, Dr. R. Carter Hailey, for starting me on this pilgrimage with the Parnassus plays. He not only introduced me to the world of Parnassus , but also to the wider world of bibliography. Through his help and guidance I have discovered a fascinating field of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2006 Shakespeare Matters Page 1
    Summer 2006 Shakespeare Matters page 1 5:4 "Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments..." Summer 2006 “Stars or Suns:” The Portrayal of the Earls of Oxford in Elizabethan Drama By Richard Desper, PhD n Act III Scene vii of King Henry V, the proud nobles of France, gathered in camp on the eve of the battle of Agincourt, I speculate in anticipation of victory, letting their thoughts and their words take flight in fancy. While viewing the bedraggled English army as doomed, they savor their expected victory on the morrow and vie with each other in proclaiming their own glory. The dauphin1 boasts of his horse as another Pegasus, leading to a few allusions of a bawdy nature, and then a curious exchange takes place between Lord Rambures and the Constable of France, Professor William Leahy explains plans for a Shakespeare Charles Delabreth: Authorship Studies Master’s Program at Brunel University. Photo by William Boyle. Ram. My Lord Constable, the armor that I saw in your tent to-night, are those stars or suns upon it? Con. Stars, my lord. Brunel University to Offer 2 (Henry V, III.vii.63-5) Masters in Authorship Studies Shakespeare scholars have remarked little on these particular speeches, by default implying that they are words spoken in hile Concordia University has encouraged study of the passing, having no particular meaning other than idle chatter. Shakespeare authorship issue for years, Brunel One can count at least a dozen treatises on the text of Henry V that W University in England now plans to offer a graduate have nothing at all to say about these two lines.3 Yet numerous program leading to an M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Social and Linguistic Setting of Alliterative Verse in Anglo-Saxon and Medieval England
    Cambridge University Press 0521573173 - Alliteration and Sound Change in Early English - Donka Minkova Excerpt More information 1 Social and linguistic setting of alliterative verse in Anglo-Saxon and Medieval England The primary goal of this study is to establish and analyze the linguistic prop- erties of early English verse. Verse is not created in a vacuum; a consideration of some non-structural factors that could influence the composition of poetry is important for our understanding of its linguistic dimensions. This chapter presents a brief overview of the social and cultural conditions under which alliterative verse was produced and enjoyed in Anglo-Saxon and Medieval England. 1.1 The Anglo-Saxon poetic scene Verse composition was a foremost outlet of creativity and a cherished form of entertainment, moral edification, and historical record keeping for the Anglo- Saxons. When the Northumbrian priest and chronicler Bede (b. 672/673– d. 735) wrote his Ecclesiastical History of the English People in Latin, the poetic rendition of important themes and events in the vernacular must have already been a highly prestigious undertaking. Bede tells us how Cadmon, an illiterate shepherd, found his inability to sing in company shameful. In a dream a stranger appeared urging him to sing the song of the Creation and he uttered “verses which he had never heard.” He was then taken to the monastery at Whitby where his divine poetic gift was tested and confirmed. He spent the rest of his life as a layman in the monastery, enjoying the fellowship of the abbess and the learned brethren, and composing more religious poetry.
    [Show full text]
  • Tethys Festival As Royal Policy
    ‘The power of his commanding trident’: Tethys Festival as royal policy Anne Daye On 31 May 1610, Prince Henry sailed up the River Thames culminating in horse races and running at the ring on the from Richmond to Whitehall for his creation as Prince of banks of the Dee. Both elements were traditional and firmly Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester to be greeted historicised in their presentation. While the prince is unlikely by the Lord Mayor of London. A flotilla of little boats to have been present, the competitors must have been mem- escorted him, enjoying the sight of a floating pageant sent, as bers of the gentry and nobility. The creation ceremonies it were, from Neptune. Corinea, queen of Cornwall crowned themselves, including Tethys Festival, took place across with pearls and cockleshells, rode on a large whale while eight days in London. Having travelled by road to Richmond, Amphion, wreathed with seashells, father of music and the Henry made a triumphal entry into London along the Thames genius of Wales, sailed on a dolphin. To ensure their speeches for the official reception by the City of London. The cer- carried across the water in the hurly-burly of the day, ‘two emony of creation took place before the whole parliament of absolute actors’ were hired to play these tritons, namely John lords and commons, gathered in the Court of Requests, Rice and Richard Burbage1 . Following the ceremony of observed by ambassadors and foreign guests, the nobility of creation, in the masque Tethys Festival or The Queen’s England, Scotland and Ireland and the Lord Mayor of Lon- Wake, Queen Anne greeted Henry in the guise of Tethys, wife don with representatives of the guilds.
    [Show full text]
  • Eomer Gets Poetic: Tolkien's Alliterative Versecraft James Shelton East Tennessee State University, [email protected]
    Journal of Tolkien Research Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 6 2018 Eomer Gets Poetic: Tolkien's Alliterative Versecraft James Shelton East Tennessee State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Shelton, James (2018) "Eomer Gets Poetic: Tolkien's Alliterative Versecraft," Journal of Tolkien Research: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol5/iss1/6 This Conference Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Services at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Tolkien Research by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Shelton: Eomer Gets Poetic: Tolkien's Alliterative Versecraft The fact that Tolkien had an affinity for Old English and, therefore, Old English impacted his writing style are two contentions which are variously argued and proven throughout Tolkien scholarship. They are well supported enough that they need not be rehashed here, see Shippey, Flieger, Higgins, et passim. It is enough for this investigation into Tolkien's use of Old English alliterative verse to note his penchant for leaning heavily on such forms as he enjoyed, and had a professional interest in, is widely accepted in Tolkien scholarship. Additionally, it should be mentioned that Tolkien's use of Old English seems to be at its peak with the Riders of Rohan. In fact, to paraphrase Michael Drout, the Riders of Rohan are Anglo-Saxons except they have horses.1 Additionally, it has been stipulated that the Riders of Rohan use a specific dialect of Old English known as Mercian.
    [Show full text]
  • Audible Punctuation Performative Pause In
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/140838 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-25 and may be subject to change. AUDIBLE PUNCTUATION Performative Pause in Homeric Prosody Audible Punctuation: Performative Pause in Homeric Prosody Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. Th.L.M. Engelen, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 21 mei 2015 om 14.30 uur precies door Ronald Blankenborg geboren op 23 maart 1971 te Eibergen Promotoren: Prof. dr. A.P.M.H. Lardinois Prof. dr. J.B. Lidov (City University New York, Verenigde Staten) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. M.G.M. van der Poel Prof. dr. E.J. Bakker (Yale University, Verenigde Staten) Prof. dr. M. Janse (Universiteit Gent, België) Copyright©Ronald Blankenborg 2015 ISBN 978-90-823119-1-4 [email protected] [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. Printed by Maarse Printing Cover by Gijs de Reus Audible Punctuation: Performative Pause in Homeric Prosody Doctoral Thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud University Nijmegen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof.
    [Show full text]