Cultural Landscape of Bali Partnership for Governance Transition

Executive Summary

For more than a thousand years, the rice terraces of Bali have been managed by subaks: self-governing, democratic associations of farmers who share responsibility for the just and efficient use of irrigation water. But today nearly a thousand hectares of Balinese rice terraces are lost every year, and the survival of both subaks and rice terraces is in question. In response to these threats, in September 2010 the Governor of Bali signed a decree creating a Governing Assembly to provide critical assistance for some of the most important subaks, water temples, lakes and forests on the island. In his decree, the Governor stated that “stakeholder meetings involving whole elements of community were held to gain harmonious agreement” and urged that “we put all of our effort, bringing local, national and also international experts to work together to develop future management plan(s).”

In furtherance of these goals, the Governor’s Technical Working Group proposed a detailed management plan for the governance of the cultural landscape, modeled on the democratic governance structure of Indonesia’s Bunaken Marine Reserve in Sulawesi. However, while the Bunaken Reserve focuses on the management of coral reefs, the subak landscape of Bali is much more diverse. The Governor’s decree legally empowers the Governing Assembly to develop innovative programs in response to the challenges faced by the subaks. At the national level, a cross-departmental committee headed by the Ministers of Social Welfare and Culture & Tourism has also been created to assess the Bali’s Governing Assembly structure as a model for Indonesia’s heritage sites and national parks. To promote the success of these plans, Indonesia has requested assistance.

This partner-driven cooperation project will create a new institutional collaboration between the Technical Working Group for the Bali Heritage Cultural Landscape, Mahasaraswati University, the Batur Volcano Mu- seum, the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. The goal of this proposal to Sida is to assist Indonesian government officials, academic researchers, NGOs and most importantly the inhabitants of the Heritage regions, to successfully implement the goals of the management plan that emerged after many years of stakeholder meetings.

“We can say that in Bali, custom, culture and religion cannot be separated, this is actually what guards our island.” -Made Mangku Pastika, Governor of Bali

Contact persons:

In Bali: Dr. Wayan Alit Artha Wiguna, Head of the Governor’s Technical Working Group Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Jalan ByPass Ngurah Rai; P.O. Box 3480 Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Email: [email protected]

In Stockholm: Anna Schmuki, Coordinator for the SEI/SRC project Stockholm Resilience Centre Kräftriket 2B 01691 Stockholm, Sweden Email: [email protected] Mobile: + 46 (0)73 460 47 67

Project Description: Assistance to the Governing Assembly of the Cultural Landscape of Bali

Introduction The broad legal framework for the management and coordination of the Cultural Heritage Landscape of Bali was established by Provincial Decree in an Agreement between the Government of Bali Province and Regencies of Bali for the Establishment of the Strategic Area of Bali Province. This Agreement legally codi- fies conservation and spatial planning for the Bali Cultural Landscape sites, including tangible and intangible heritage and agricultural and forest ecosystems within the site boundaries. The Provincial Decree is based on National Law No. 26/2007, and National Government Decree No. 26/2008, concerning spatial planning and the establishment of National Strategic Areas for conservation of critical cultural landscapes. The Govern- ment of Indonesia has requested that UNESCO designate the Cultural Heritage Landscape of Bali as a World Heritage, and this nomination is now being reviewed.

Presently, the government of the Republic of Indonesia restricts the activities of each Ministry or government department to its respective mandate. Coherent management of Bali’s complex social and ecological landscape requires expertise and effective collaboration from multiple government offices and departments, as well as traditional subak and community management institutions. Thus, the new structure establishes a cross-sectoral democratic coordinating body modeled on the subak system, the Governing Assembly for Bali’s Cultural Heritage (Dewan Pengelolahan Warisan Budaya Bali), based on Governor’s Regulation 32 (2010). The Governing Assembly links together government and non-government entities at the national, provincial, and local levels involved in the management of the sites described in this nomination. It consists of the following representatives:

• Representatives from each subak, who will serve on a rotating basis. Because subaks are represented in all the Working Groups of the Assembly, it is anticipated that these elected representatives will devote a substantial amount of time to participation in the Assembly. Following the normal procedure for such participation in governance in Indonesia, they will each receive an honorarium and expense allowance whenever they participate in the governance system.

• Representatives from all customary villages within the sites. This serves a dual purpose: because the governance of temples is invariably in the hands of the customary villages and subaks, this ensures that both the villages and the temples are fully represented in the Governing Assembly. Importantly, the inclusion of these village representatives also ensures that representatives of the people- subaks and villages- outnumber representatives of government departments in all the Working Groups and the Governing Assembly as a whole. Decisions of both groups are made by democratic vote. This structure also reflects the traditional governance structure of the subaks, which is also based on democratic representation.

• Representatives of government departments at the Provincial and Regency levels. A full list of these representatives is provided below in figure 1.

The Governing Assembly is organized into six working groups:

1. Preservation of Culture 2. Preservation of Ecosystems and Environment 3. Visitors and Education 4. Farming Development 5. Social and Infrastructure Development 6. Legal Affairs and Governance

As shown in Fig 1, the Head of the Governing Assembly is the Head of the Department of Culture and Tour- ism. This structure facilitates budgeting and staffing at the Provincial level. The Head is responsible to the Governor of Bali and the elected leader of the provincial legislature. He is also responsible to seek advice from the offices of elected heads (Bupati) of the five Regencies where the Cultural Landscape sites are located. This is necessary to ensure coordinated planning. The Head also consults with four other entities: the Secretary General for People’s Welfare, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, UNESCO representatives and academic consultants. The Head of the Governing Assembly nominates a Secretary, subject to the approval of the Gov- erning Assembly, to provide it with professional assistance. The Secretary is charged with the management of three units:

1. Program Group, which assists the Assembly with planning. It has a professional staff and also includes part-time representatives from the Planning Departments (BAPPEDA) at the Provincial and Regency levels, as needed. 2. Finance and Human Resources Group, which handles staffing and budgets. This group has professional staff and includes part-time representatives from the Finance departments at the Provincial and Regency levels, and the Provincial Human Resources Department, as needed. 3. Monitoring and Evaluation Group, which manages a geographic information system and carries out continuing monitoring and evaluation as mandated by the Governing Assembly. There is a professional staff and part-time representation from the Provincial Inspectorate of Monitoring and Evaluation.

The Secretariat will ensure effective communication among the local communities and subaks, government agencies and other stakeholders. It will also be responsible for implementing the principal project components outlined in this plan. The Governing Assembly is empowered to set its own agenda and to oversee all professional appointments in the Secretariat. Operational funding for the Governing Assembly is provided by the Provincial government via the Department of Culture and Tourism. Additional funding is expected from the Regency governments. It is anticipated that substantial additional funding will result from improvement to visitor facilities and increased revenue from tourism in the future. The allocation of all funds is entrusted to the Governing Assem- bly, to be managed in the context of management plans for all sites. Subaks and local communities will retain responsibility for day-to-day site maintenance and conservation, based on existing institutional and legal structures of subak awig-awig and customary adat law. The Stockholm Resilience Center (SRC) and Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) have been invited to be- come major external collaborators in Bali’s Cultural Landscape project. SEI and SRC are premier institutions for environmental research and adaptive governance of social-ecological systems and will assist in the implementation of the management plan, strengthening local institutional capacity to implement the plan, provide technical and institutional support and support the institutionalization of the plan among decision makers at different levels. Organizational Line Governor of Bali Head of Bali’s Legislature Consultation Consultants 1. Secretary General for People’s Welfare Supervisors 2. Ministry of Culture and Tourism 1. The Regent of Tabanan 3. The Representative of UNESCO Head of Governing 2. The Regent of Badung 4. Academic Consultants Assembly 3. The Regent of Gianyar (Head of Bali Cultural Office) 4. The Regent of Bangli 5. The Regent of Buleleng

Secretary

Program Unit Finance and Human Monitoring and 1. Permanent staff Resources Unit Evaluation Unit 2. Provincial & Regional 1. Permanent staff 1. Permanent staff Planning Agencies 2. Financial Bureau 3. Provincial Human Resources Dept

Working Group on Working Group on Working Group on Working Group on Working Group on Working Group on Culture Preservation Preservation of Visitors and Education Farming Development Social and Legal Affairs and 1. Representative of Ecosystem and 1. Representative of Subak 1. Representative of Infrastructure Governance Subak Environment 2. Bali Tourism Office (Dept Subak Development 1. Representative of 2. Bali Cultural Office 1. Representative of of Tourism) 2. Dept of Agriculture 1. Representative of Subak (Dept of Culture) Subak 3. Dept of National 3. Dept of Estate Crops Subak 2. Ministry of Law and 3. The Heritage 2. Environment Agency Education 4. Dept of Animal 2. Dept of Public Human Rights Preservation Office 3. Dept of Forestry 4. Association of the Husbandry Works 3. Law Firm 4. Archeology Office 4. Forest-based Industry Indonesia Tours and 5. Dept of Fisheries 3. Dept of Social 4. Governance Bureau 5. History and Traditional Revitalization Body Travel 6. Assessment Institute Affairs 5. Organization Value Protection 5. Villages 5. Indonesia Tourist Hotel for Agricultural 4. Administrative Bureau Offices Association Technology Villages 6. Asset Management 6. Community Historians 7. Indonesian Farmers Firms Association 7. Customary Law Research Centre Map of The Cultural Landscape of Bali Province

115°10'0"E 115°20'0"E 8°10'0"S 8°10'0"S

Buleleng Mount Penulisan

Mount Munduk Mungsu

Mount Batur Mount Bratan A Mount Abang Mount Lesung

Bangli

Mount Batukaru C 8°20'0"S 8°20'0"S

KarangAsem

Tabanan B

Gianyar 8°30'0"S 8°30'0"S

Badung Klungkung & D

115°10'0"E 115°20'0"E Legend : Land Cover : # Volcano Forest # Mountain Garden/Plantation Road ¯ District Boundary Moor/Farm Water Body Shrub/Bush 1 : 250.000 (River, Stream, Lake) Grass/Bare Soil Nominated Properties 0 2 4 8 Km Irrigated Rice Field Sources: Rupabumi Indonesia 1 : 25.000 (BAKOSURTANAL) Rock Field Hillshade DEM Projection: Geographic Latitude - Longitude Settlement Grid System: World Geographic Coordinat System Grid Datum: WGS 84

Map 002Subaks. Area B ,Landscape Subaks Lan dofsc Pakerisanape of Pake Watershedrisan Watershed

115°18'0"E 115°19'0"E 115°20'0"E S S " " 0 0 ' ' 4 4 ° 2 ° 2 8 8

Pura Tirtha Empul e[ e[ S S " Pura Pegulingan " 0 0 ' ' 5 5 ° 2 ° 2 8 8 e[ Pura Mengening e[ Pura Gunung Kawi Gianyar

115.31199 -8.43033 115.31705 -8.4316 S S " " 0 0 ' ' 6 6 ° 2 ° 2 8 -8.4345115.30833 Bangli 8 115.3074 -8.43548

115.31176 115.30863 -8.43777 -8.43919 115.31586 -8.44062

115.309 115.31634 -8.44314 !n -8.44361

115.31058 -8.44546 S S " " 0 0 ' ' 7 7 ° 2 ° 2 8 8

115.31026 -8.45537

115°18'0"E 115°19'0"E 115°20'0"E

Legend : Subaks e[ Temple Subak Kulub Atas !n Dam Pejeng Subak Kulub Bawah ! Points denote NSEW boundaries of each subak Subak Pulagan ¯ Road 1:30,000 District Boundary

Water Body 0 0.2 0.4 0.8 Km Sources: Rupabumi Indonesia 1 : 25.000 (River, Stream, Lake) (BAKOSURTANAL) Hillshade DEM Nominated Properties Projection: Geographic Latitude - Longitude Grid System: World Geographic Coordinat System Grid Gardens and settlements Datum: WGS 84

UNIVERSITY OF MAHASARASWATI DENPASAR DENPASAR Adrres : Jln Kamboja 11 A Denpasar Ð Bali, Telp./Fax : (0361) 227019 / (0361) 227019 Denpasar http://www.unmas.ac.id/., mail:[email protected]

Denpasar, October 21, 2010

Professor Carl Folke Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University

Dear Professor Folke,

I am very glad to join with you as your main foreign partner for the STINT proposal. My research and teaching is about environmental issues (especially education for sustainable development) in Indonesia. My students are very interested to work with foreign researchers, but until now we have few opportunities. The STINT grant will give us a chance for direct collaboration with students and professors from your Institute. This will benefit your students as well because we can work together on major environmental issues here. And our students will be very interested to learn about resilience theories from your famous Institute, and use them for their studies here. This will have very important long term benefits for our students and environmental studies at Mahasaraswati. In addition I would like to suggest that we include some faculty and students from Udayana Universitas who will also benefit from this collaboration.

Our faculty and students are doing research on environmental education and communication, tourism and ecotourism, organic farming, livelihoods, cultural landscape, food security and biosecurity. We will partner your students and researchers with ours on specific projects so that there will be a strong collaboration for each project. It would be very good if professors from both Mahasaraswati and Stockholm supervise students on joint committees.

I think that the Bali World Heritage project will provide a very important opportunity for us. The Governor has agreed to make a new Dewan Pengelolan (Governing Assembly) for the World Heritage so that the villagers and farmers will have a very strong role in the governing. They need a lot of good research to make this project work, and it is very important for Bali to succeed. With the STINT grant we should develop a plan to help focus our research and collaboration for the long term success.

With very warm regards

Prof. Dr. Sang Putu Kaler Surata University of Mahasaraswati, Denpasar

Strategic Priorities for Implementation

StrategicStrategic Priority Priority 1: Livelihood 1: protection and enhancement for subak institutions and their members, as guardians of Bali´s unique cultural landscape. Livelihood protection and enhancement for subak institutions and their members, as guardians of Bali’s unique cultural landscape Objectives Activities Short Medium Long Support farming as a Provide subsidies for land tax relief to subaks IDF IDF prosperous livelihood activity IDE IDE Provide an educational subsidy to offset cost of Support access to basic GBP GBP educational and health formal school fees for children of all subak RG RG services for households members, through secondary school (SMA) within the Cultural IDE IDE Landscape Establish a fund to support non formal education IDA IDA and vocational training for subak members and families

IDH IDH Distribute a health subsidy card to all households GBP GBP within the CL boundary to provide free basic RG RG Category One medical services (according to established government categories for health care support)

GBP GBP Build capacity and social Increase government funding allocation to capital of traditional participating subaks management institutions GBP GBP and participating Increase annual government allocation to communities traditional village administrative units (desa pekraman) within the Cultural Heritage Boundaries

WGVE WGVE Hold workshops and training on relevant topics to build the capacity of the local population, based on the results of assessment and study findings

MONEV MONEV MONEV Conserve and enhance Assess resilience of Balinese customs and ORHT ORHT ORHT the intangible attributes practices that maintain social systems, subak of BaliÕs Cultural IAUA IAUA IAUA institutions, and ecosystem functions. SRC/SEI SRC/SEI SRC/SEI Landscape RG RG RG IDFor IDFor IDFor IDEnv IDEnv IDEnv

WGVE WGVE Establish community-based educational programs to increase awareness and improve knowledge of traditional values and practices, especially for youth

WGA WGA Provide advising services to farmers and BPTP BPTP community members to manage the costs of RG ceremonial activities

WGC WGC Carry out cultural exchange programs or Balinese IAUA IAUA cultural exhibitions related to the Cultural RG RG Landscape of Bali Province ORHT ORHT NGO NGO

Strategic Priority 2: Conservation and promotion of ecosystem services to ensure sustainable useStrategic of natural Priority resources 2: upon which subaks and their farming systems depend.

Conservation and promotion of ecosystem services to ensure sustainable use of natural resources upon which subaks and their farming systems depend Objectives Activities Short Medium Long MONEV MONEV Ensure conservation of Conduct research on formal and non formal WGE WGE natural resources that forest management, access, and use sustain BaliÕs irrigated IAUA IAUA NGO NGO terraced landscape IFor IFor

IDFor IDFor Provide community socialization for forest IEnv IEnv conservation and national regulations for forested areas

WGE WGE Develop (as needed) and enforce regulations to IDFor IDFor protect for forested within and associated with GBP GBP the proposed sites RG RG

IDA IDA Provide assistance to households that rely on IDEnv IDEnv forested zones to support sustainable non- IDFor IDFor timber forest production, such as honey GBP GBP cultivation RG RG

IDEnv IDEnv Enforce existing water conservation regulations IDPU IDPU to prohibit deep well construction within the IDFor IDFor Cultural Heritage area and all associated RG RG catchment areas

IDEnv IDEnv Train and support farmers in on farm water IDA IDA quality monitoring BPTP BPTP IDEnv IDEnv Establish composting facilities on farm and at IDA IDA livestock production sites to manage livestock BPTP BPTP waste and prevent water contamination RG RG MONEV MONEV Collect baseline data on biodiversity of flora and WGE WGE fauna

GA GA Establish programs to promote biodiversity GBP GBP conservation RG RG IAUA IAUA IDEnv IDEnv IDFor IDFor BPTP BPTP Enable transition to Provide financial incentives to farmers to GBP GBP sustainable organic rice support costs of transition to organic farming farming practices among RG RG all subaks within the IDA IDA Implement training program for farmers in Cultural Landscape BPTP BPTP organic farming, post-harvest handling, boundary processing and marketing

IDA IDA Provide ongoing extension services to farmers BPTP BPTP to support transition to organic agriculture IDA IDA Provide assistance and incentives to certify BPTP BPTP organic Bali rice for export GBP GBP RG RG Strategic Priority 3: Conservation of material culture to preserve and enhance the authenticity of sites and structures as living manifestations of Bali´s heritage. Strategic Priority 3:

Conservation of material culture to preserve and enhance the authenticity of sites and structures as living manifestations of Bali’s heritage Objectives Activities Short Medium Long MONEV MONEV Ensure properties are used Research the impact of current public use on IAUA IAUA appropriately to minimize maintenance of the properties damage to historical OAHC OAHC materials MONEV Establish guidelines for the use of highly WGE significant buildings, materials, and IAUA landscapes OAHC RG MONEV Retain the existing Carry out a detailed and comprehensive OAHC historical/ original inventory of the heritage resources and the materials so that each OARB cultural landscape to establish a baseline for ORHT site and its constituents cultural material conservation meet the test of authenticity in materials IAUA Conduct research on local knowledge and traditional techniques for conservation of cultural materials

IDFor IDFor Develop (as needed) and enforce measures to GBP GBP conserve and maintain the forested areas RG RG above and surrounding the sites (see Strategic BA BA Priority 2, above)

GA GA Restore the original Rehabilitate and restore altered cultural BA BA cultural landscape in landscapes in sites, as needed each site in order to SBK SBK OAHC OAHC regain its authenticity RG RG and integrity DGHA DGHA Restore damaged parts of properties and OAHC OAHC replace new fabricated materials which do not COBP COBP conform to the conservation policy BA BA SBK SBK RG RG WGVE WGVE COBP Provide public education via traditional flora to COBP COBP BA enhance awareness among the local SBK population of the benefits of maintaining their RG original cultural landscape

COBP COBP Provide incentives to local communities for the BA BA restoration and maintenance of traditional SBK SBK architecture OAHC OAHC RG RG GBP GBP

Strategic Strategic Priority Priority 4: 4: Appropriate tourism development within the site, to achieve a balance between public and visitor education, generation of tourism-based revenue, and conservation. Appropriate tourism development within the site, to achieve a balance between public and visitor education, generation of tourism-‐based revenue, and conservation Objectives Activities Short Medium Long COBP Identify the impact of Carry out scientific research on the impact of IAUA existing tourism existing tourism in the Cultural Landscape of Bali development on the TBBP Province RG conservation and SRC/SEI preservation of the COBP Cultural Landscape of Carry out scientific research on the potential IAUA Bali Province opportunities and problems related to tourism TBBP and conservation of the properties included in RG the Cultural Landscape of Bali Province SRC/SEI

GAP GAP Develop a comprehensive Hold consultative workshops on Sustainable COBP COBP tourism development plan Tourism in Bali involving the local population which is sustainable IAUA IAUA living surrounding the heritage sites TBBP TBBP environmentally and RG RG economically beneficial to BA BA local communities SBK SBK WGVE WGVE Establish a new tourism management plan GAP GAP based on the results of the workshop and COBP scientific research IAUA TBBP RG CBCB CBCB Hold periodic consultative meetings as a vehicle TBBP TBBP for the local population to participate in the TBBP TBBP planning, execution, and monitoring of tourism RG RG development

WGVE GA GA Establish and maintain a mechanism to redistribute tourism revenue for conservation of the heritage sites

WGSI Carry out programs to facilitate participation of CBCB the local population in tourism development TBBP RG NGO WGVE WGVE Set up mechanisms to monitor and mitigate the MONEV MONEV socio-cultural impact of tourism development CBCB CBCB TBBP TBBP IAUA IAUA WGVE WGVE Assess visitor capacity and available tourism Ensure that visitors enjoy CBCB the attractions presented facilities of individual sites TBBP at each site included in RG IAUA the Cultural Landscape of GAP Establish visitor management plan for individual Bali Province GA sites

GAP Establish visitor centers and trail networks CBCB through rice terraces and to select water TBBP temples at each site (initial consultation and RG landscape planning in 2008) BA SBK WGSI Link management plan to infrastructure and

facility development

Adaptive Monitoring and Evaluation System Adaptive Monitoring and Evaluation System

Objectives Activities Short Medium Long

Establish a system Establish and maintain the MONEV for adaptive Monitoring, Evaluation, and

monitoring, Reporting Unit to function as a evaluation, and research and information centre ongoing research MONEV Train staff to design an effective IAUA and dynamic system for monitoring and evaluation that integrates feedbacks into management practices, as stated in the policy and strategies

MONEV Establish measureable indicators to IAUA assess the achievements for all activities, linked to baseline findings

Carry out monitoring, evaluation,

and reporting

BA BA BA a. Daily SBK SBK SBK

MONEV MONEV MONEV b. Periodically (3 Ð 6 months)

c. Occasionally, case by case d. Periodic in-depth case studies

MONEV MONEV e. Annually OAHC OAHC MONEV MONEV f. Three year evaluation SRC/SEI SRC/SEI

GA g. Six year impact evaluation COBP OAHC DGHA IAUA

Ensure that Carry out fundraising programs to DGHA DGHA continuing research support scientific research and GA GA

is conducted in the publication of the Cultural RG RG

Cultural Landscape Landscape of Bali Province and of Bali Province to related topics improve the Establish and maintain a website to GA GA interpretation and present information on the Cultural the presentation of Landscape of Bali Province the heritage TBBP COBP properties to the Periodically review information WGVE TBBP public presented at each site and improve with better information based on WGVE more current research

Ensure that Set up a scientific standard for GAP research is carried selection of research proposals SRC out scientifically IAUA

Develop knowledge Conduct training workshops to build MONEV MONEV MONEV and skills to capacity in monitoring, evaluation GAP GAP GAP manage an adaptive and research for social-ecological information system systems SRC/SEI SRC/SEI SRC/SEI IAUA IAUA IAUA

Capacity building for Adaptive Co-Management Capacity Building for Adaptive Co-Management

Objectives Activities Short Medium Long GBP Establish the Governing Assembly and its units as Ensure the capacity of DGHA stakeholders to ÔlearningÕ institutions adaptively co- manage GA GA the Cultural Landscape Conduct results-based training workshops for site of Bali Province as a managers and all Cultural Landscape staff in social-ecological adaptive governance of social-ecological systems system WGVE WGVE WGVE Develop and maintain fora for participating subaks NGO and communities to highlight and extend their traditional roles in adaptive management

GA GA Establish the Cultural Conduct results-based training workshops for Asia- Landscape of Bali Pacific regional site managers and staff in adaptive Province as a regional governance of social-ecological systems learning and training GA GA GA center in adaptive Establish mechanisms for the ongoing exchange of DGHA DGHA DGHA governance information and lessons learned in applying the SRC/SEI SRC/SEI methods of adaptive co-management

Acronym list of ResponsibleAcronym Authorities list of Responsible Authorities

BA Bendesa Adat (Traditional Village Authority) BPTP Bureau of Agricultural Research and Technology Assessment, Bali Department of Agriculture BPW Bureau of Public Works COBP Cultural Office of Bali Province DGHA Directorate General for History and Archaeology GBP Government of Bali Province IAUA Individual Academic, University or Other Research Agencies (Stockholm Resilience Center, Udayana University) IDA Indonesian Department of Agriculture IDE Indonesian Department of Education IDEMR Indonesian Department of Energy and Mineral Resource IDEnv Indonesian Department of Environment IDF Indonesian Department of Finance IDFor Indonesian Department of Forestry IDH Indonesian Department of Health IDPU Indonesian Department of Public Works MONEV Monitoring and Evaluation unit of Secretariat NGO Non-Government Organization OAHC Office for Archaeological Heritage Conservation in Gianyar OARB Office for Archaeological Research, Bali ORHT Office for Research on History and Traditional Values in Bali RG Regional Governments (Kabupaten: Badung, Bangli, Buleleng, Gianyar, Tabanan) SEI Stockholm Environment Institute SBK Subaks/ Pekaseh Subak SRC Stockholm Resilience Centre TBBP Tourism Board of Bali Province WGA Working Group on Agriculture of Governing Assembly WGC Working Group on Culture of Governing Assembly WGE Working Group on Environment of Governing Assembly WGSI Working Group on Social & Infrastructure of Governing Assembly WGL Working Group on Law/Governance of Governing Assembly WGVE Working Group on Visitors & Education of Governing Assembly Swedish Partners

Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)

SEI is an international research institute that works with policy related issues within the environmental and sustainable development fields. The institute carries out applied research within the following areas: climate, energy, air pollution, ozone, land and water use, urban environments, risk- and vulnerability and also does strategic environmental studies. SEI runs projects in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The institute has, besides its head office in Stockholm, offices in Boston, Tallin, York, Oxford, Dar es Salaam and Bangkok.

Stockholm Resilience Centre The Stockholm Resilience Centre is an international centre that advances transdisciplinary research for governance of social-ecological systems with a special emphasis on resilience - the ability to deal with change and continue to develop. The Centre is a joint initiative between Stockholm University, the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics at The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The centre is funded by the Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, Mistra.

Albaeco Albaeco is an independent non-profit organisation working to communicate transdisciplinary environmental research on social-ecological systems, ecosystem services and resilience. Albaeco works through various channels to reach policy-makers, businesses, schools, media and the general public. Albaeco has an extensive network of international researchers through a close collaboration with the Stockholm Resilience Centre, based at Stockholm University.

SwedBio

The Swedish International Biodiversity Programme (SwedBio) is a knowledge interface on biodiversity and ecosystem services for local livelihoods and poverty alleviation. It also contributes financial support to international development initiatives.