DOCSLIB.ORG

Anadolu'da Roma Hakimiyeti Direniş Ve Düzen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anadolu'da Roma Hakimiyeti Direniş Ve Düzen TARİH GÜRKAN ERGİN ANADOLU'DA ROMA HAKİMİYETİ DİRENİŞ VE DÜZEN ©TÜRKİYE İŞ BANKASI KÜLTÜR YAYINLARI, 2008 Sertifika No: 11213 EDİTÖR EMİR YENER GÖRSEL YÖNETMEN BİROL BAYRAM GRAFİK TASARIM UYGULAMA TÜRKİYE İŞ BANKASI KÜLTÜR YAYINLARI I. BASIM: MART 2013 ISBN 978-605-360-813-4 BASKI KİTAP MATBAACILIK SAN. TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. DAVUTPAŞA CADDESİ NO: 123 KAT: 1 TOPKAPI İSTANBUL (0212) 482 99 10 Sertifika No: 16053 Bu kitabın tüm yayın hakları saklıdır. Tanıtım amacıyla, kaynak göstermek şartıyla yapılacak kısa alıntılar dışında gerek metin, gerek görsel malzeme yayınevinden izin alınmadan hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz, yayımlanamaz ve dağıtılamaz. TÜRKİ YE İŞ BANKASI KÜLTÜR YAYINLARI İSTİKLAL CADDESİ, MEŞELİK SOKAK NO: 2'4 BEYOGLU 34433 İSTANBUL Tel. (0212) 252 39 91 Fax. (0212) 252 39 95 www.iskultur.com.tr Gürkan Ergin Anadoliu9da Ronıa HaR{iJıniyeti direniş ve düzen $BANKASI TÜRKiYE Kültür Yayınları İÇİNDEKİLER Teşekkür..... ........................ .. VII Okuyucuya Notlar ..... .................................IX � .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Kaynaklar ve Kavramlar. 9 Foucault, İktidar ve Direniş .. 9 Antik ve Modern Bakışlar ···· · ·········· ·· ·· ·· · 18 İsyan, Ayaklanma, Devrim, Direniş: Hangisi?. ... .. 26 Yüzsüz Kalabalıklar . 30 Kent ve KırsaL.. .... .................. .36 Arkeolojinin Anlattıkları... .................... ........................... 43 MÖ 129 Öncesinde Roma-Anadolu İlişkileri ............................ 51 Yüzeydeki Çatlaklar .. 57 Anadolu'nun Direnen Kralları. 59 Aristonikos ve Güneşin Vatandaşlan . 59 Doğudan Gelen Kurtarıcı VI. Mithradates .. ...... 71 Gizli Tehlike: Yasal Krallıklar ................. 85 Eski Haydut Yeni Hükümdar: Yerel Sülaleler.. ........88 Sahte Liderler ve Taht Kavgaları . .................. .. .91 Dokuz Canlı İmparator Nero ve Diğerleri ....... 91 İmparatorunu Tanı: Propagandanın Gücü ..... ........... 98 Valiler ve Generaller . ·· ·············· ········ ···· 111 Her Valinin Rüyası Anadolu .......................... 111 Sorumsuz Güç: Generaller .... ............ 118 Büyük Ordu, Büyük Dert.... ... ..................... 129 Ekonomik Sıkıntılar ...... ............... 139 Genel Bakış .... .............................. ..... 139 Gıda Sıkıntısı ..... ............................. 144 Vergiler ........................ ................ 151 Meslek Birlikleri. 165 Din, Şiddet, Direniş ....... .. 169 Her Zaman Azınlık, Bazen Düşman: Yahudiler ........ ..169 "Sefil Kült" Hıristiyanlık.. .................. ...... ............... 173 Tanrıların Kaçakları . ............. ... 19 5 İmparator Kültü .... .................. 197 Kehanetler ve Sahte Peygamberler .. .... 201 Kurtuluşun Simgesi Dionysos ..... ... .............2 11 Entelektüel Muhalefet ..... .............. .215 Köle Ayaklanmaları ·· · ······· .229 "İnsanlığın Ortak Düşmanları": Anadolu'da Korsanlık ve Haydutluk. .. .239 Kilikia Korsanlığı: Fırsatçılık mı, Tepki mi? .... .................. 240 Dağlardan Saraya Isauria Haydutları ........... .261 Araba Yarışı Sadece Araba Yarışı Değildir: Maviler ve Yeşiller ........ .287 Firar ve Terk .......... .. .297 Düzen Nasıl Korunur? .......... 301 İletişim. ....................... 307 Eyalet İdaresi ve Yasal Krallıklar .................. 313 İdeoloji ve Söylem .................... 327 Önünü Göremeyen İmparatorluk ........... 337 Yönetici Sınıflar ve Kurumlar .. .......... .. 347 Devlet Adamlığı ve Felsefe ... ............... 347 İmparator .... .. .. .350 Valiler .... ....... 357 Şehir Meclisleri ve Elçiler ..... ............ 366 Silahsız Çözüm: Davalar ve Mahkeme Süreci ... ....... 375 Ekonomik Önlemler ... ........389 Askeri Önlemler ...... .. ..................... 403 Bir İktidar Teknolojisi Olarak Roma Ordusu..... ... ......... .. 403 Anadolu'da Roma Birlikleri ve Asker Kolonileri .. ..... 414 Yerel Asayiş Kuvvetleri ..... .... ........... 435 Anadolu ve Ötesi: Bir Karşılaştırma .. ... 443 Geçmiş Sorunlar, Modern Kavramlar. .......... 457 Romalılaştırma ..... .459 Emperyalizm ....... ......................464 Milliyetçilik... ..476 Sınıf Mücadeleleri ............ 483 Kültür ÇatışmasL .. ................. 490 Sonuç... .. ..... 497 Notlar ······ ··· 511 Kaynakça ..... 595 Dizin . ........................ 639 Te şekkür İstanbul Üniversitesi Eskiçağ Tarihi Anabilim Dalı'na sundu­ ğum doktora tezimin güncellenmiş ve genişletilmiş hali olan bu çalışma, aşağıda adı geçen kişilerin yardım ve emekleriyle gerçekleşmiştir: Prof. Dr. Oğuz Tekin ve Prof. Dr. Vedat Çelgin'e öneri ve destekleri; Doç. Dr. Hamdi Şahin'e yardım ve paylaşımları; Dr. Özgür Kolçak ve Melahat Fındık'a Osmanlı tarihi konusundaki önerileri; TTK editörü Serap Şimşek'e bazı kaynaklara ulaşmamda gösterdiği kolaylık; Prof. Dr. Noel Lenski ve Prof. Dr. Clifford Ando'ya tavsiyeleri için teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum. Bilgisi ve görgüsünü karşılık beklemeden sunan hocam Prof. Dr. M. Taner Tarhan'a; yurt dışı araştırmalarım için desteğini esirgemeyen merhum Prof. Dr. Ali Dinçol'a; heyecanıma her za­ man ortak olan dostum Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ekin Öyken'e; editörüm Emir Yener, grafik tasarımcısı Şengül Terim ve İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları Genel Müdürü Ahmet Salcan'a ayrıca minnettarım. Bu kitap, her kelimenin ardında büyük emekleri saklı olan sev­ gili annem ve babama adanmıştır. Okuyucuya Not Antikçağla ilgili eserlerde Eski Yunanca ve Latince isimlerle te­ rimlerin nasıl kullanılacağına dair bir fikir birliğine henüz varıl­ mış değildir. Bu yüzden elinizdeki kitap kendi içinde tutarlı olmayı amaçlamaktadır. Konuyla ilgili, fakat akademik eğitim almamış okuyucuları dikkate alarak bazı noktaları açıklamayı uygun gö­ rüyorum: Eski Yunanca ve Latince özel şahıs isimlerinde özgün yazılışla­ ra sadık kalınmış, ama Türkçeye nispeten diğerlerinden daha iyi yerleşmiş cins ve bazı özel isimler olduğu gibi bırakılmıştır: Trium­ virlik, Te trarşi, Büyük İskender, Galya, gladyatör, konsül gibi. Eski Yunanca ve Latincede kavim adları çoğuldur: Kennatai, Boukoloi, Iceni, Batavi, Brigantes vb. Dolayısıyla metinde bunlarda Türkçe çoğul ekleri kullanılmamıştır. Kitapta eğer bir bölgeden bahsedi­ liyorsa, söz konusu bölge ve halkı Eski Yunanca yazılışına uygun olarak belirtilmiştir: Lykia/Lykia'lılar ya da Kilikia/Kilikia'lılar gibi. Anadolu'daki Roma eyaletleri adlarını Eski Yunanca bölge adlarından almıştır, ancak eyalet sınırlarıyla bölge sınırları her za­ man örtüşmemektedir. Dolayısıyla Roma eyaletleri için özgün La­ tince isimleri kullanılmıştır: Lycia-Pamphylia Eyaleti, Asia Eyaleti ya da Cilicia Eyaleti gibi ... Böylece mesela "Kilikia'lılar" ile kaste- Xll ANADOLU'DA ROMA HAKİMİYETİ dilenler, Cilicia Eyaleti'ndeki Roma vatandaşlarından ziyade genel anlamda Kilikia bölgesiyle özdeşleşen halka/halklara işaret eder. Aynı şekilde, kitapta sıkça geçen Suriye'nin ya da Mısır'ın aynı adlı modern devletlerin sınırlarıyla ilgisi yoktur. Bu durum Trakya, İn­ giltere, Makedonya ve kitapta kullanılan diğer benzer antik bölge isimleri için de geçerlidir. Söz konusu isimler modern siyasi bir yapı yerine belirli bir coğrafyayı temsil eder. Önemli bir istisna "Asia" isminin kullanılışıdır. Kitapta "Asya" antikçağda kabaca Ege'nin batı kıyılarından Hindistan'a kadar uzanan topraklara (ve halkı­ na), Asia Eyaleti ise Türkiye'nin batısını içine alan Roma eyaletine denk gelir. Küçük Asya ise yine Anadolu'nun batısı için kullanı­ lan bölge adıdır. Asya/Asyalı adı içeriğine göre "Anadolulu" ya da "Doğulu" anlamında yer alır. Çoğu Anadolu şehir Roma'nın geli­ şinden önce kurulmuş olduğundan bunların Eski Yunanca isimleri kullanılmıştır. Bazı mevcut şehirlere ya da yeni kurulanlara Roma imparatorlarının adı verilmiştir. Bu gibi örneklerde yine Eski Yu­ nanca yazılışı (Claudius'un adıyla anılan Klaudiopolis gibi) örnek alınmıştır. Tarihler aksi belirtilmediği sürece milattan sonradır. Hrt. 1: Mithradates Savaşları (Brill's New Pauly Supp. 1, Vol. 3) U. TigranesJn tahta çıkıştnda Armenia Kroll,ğı (MO 95) En geniş hôliyle Armenio Kroll,ijı IMÖ 69) �ş,-ın sonunda Romaeyaletleri (M0631 Pontos müttefil<lerlnin.soldmkm Mithrodates, Artabes, licinius Nwrerıa ""'" ('il') Pompeius[koroan yerieşmeleril 1. Miıhrodaıes Savaş. iMÖ 89-851 vı. Miıhrodcrtes IMÖ 89-851 Mithrodotes'in generalleri (MÖ 88-85) liciniuslucullus IMÖ 89/88-851 Comelius Sullo [N\ö 87-85) EJ il. Miıh<adcrtes Sa.o., (MÖ 83/82} IU. Miıhradaıes Sa.:>., IMÖ 74-631 \il. Miıhradates IMÖ 73-68} \il. Miıhradaıes IMÖ67-63) licinius lucufü.ıs wÖ 71-67} Terentius Varro lucullusVv\Ö 72-701 PompeiusJ\.\agnus IN\Ö67-631 xtıl'!!I Savoş ldenlz, Kora) mmo Roma zafer-, Roma ğolubiyetf, Roma kuşatmosı t<yzlkos Mthrodotes k.arşıh direniş -----· Devlet sının ------- Eyoletsınm 00 Devlaıbaşken</ saray ®o İdari merkez, diğer yerleşimler ·-- ... 1 500km- 0 0o tokalizasyonu kesin değil Diğer devletler ve le.avım organizasyonları Bllhynla Krolhl;/eyoletadı CJ Atina egemenlik alom CJ Rod03 egemenlik alam Kl\>;trati•.Preruhı'.jı {AslaEyaleti'nin MÖ � 84 ten ltıboren parçası) Tauroı Bölge/egemenlik olanı/daQ sırası/deniz 44· G H A c o d C=1 ���e��(��l��fı���ın e ------ Eyaletsının tPompeius'lcmöncel Bağımsızlarve müttefikler: Atino Rodos Bağımsız ve vergiden muaf şehir @ Yasal krcrlık merkezi • Başkent, Bö!�es&ltopraktahsisi, ® O Diğer şehirler l./'06665 • fi: 1. Gadara Korsan yerleşimi Skythopolis 2. [g] ..!(... Kara savaşı,deniz sovoşı l. Pella 4. PompeJopolis + Geç;ı Iudaea Yasalhollık. Cr_renae l M075'ten / lberes Kavim ;tibacen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abbildungsnachweis Für Die Bildtafeln 529
    Abbildungsnachweis für die Bildtafeln 529 Haplorrhini Der Abstand zwischen den Nasenlöchern ist schmal. Mit 2 Prämolaren. Afrika. 3. Unterordnung: Tarsiiformes, Koboldmakis (3) a. Cercopithecoidea: Macaca, Papio, Cercocebus, Etwa siebenschläfergroße, nachtaktive Spring- Cercopithecus, Nasalis, Trachypithecus, Colo- kletterer. Hinterbeine, besonders Fußwurzel, bus. verlängert. Sehr große, wenig bewegliche Au- b. Hominoidea, Menschenaffen und Mensch: gen. Kopf um fast 180° drehbar. Südostasien. Hylobatidae: Gibbons: Hylobates, Hominidae: Tarsius. Orang-Utan (Pongo), Gorilla (Gorilla), Schim- panse (Abb. 264 b) und Bonobo (Pan) sowie 4. Unterordnung: Simiae (139) Mensch (Homo). Augenhöhle durch Knochenlamelle von der Schläfengrube abgetrennt. Gesichtsschädel mehr 4. Ordnung: Dermoptera, Pelzflatterer (2) oder weniger verkürzt. Eckzähne in der Regel gut entwickelt. Das große, meist reich gefurchte Mit behaarter Flughaut, die sich zwischen Hals Endhirn überdeckt das Kleinhirn. Uterus ein- und Rumpf, Extremitäten und Schwanz aus- fach. Meist tagaktiv. spannt und als Fallschirm dient; Finger nicht verlängert. Südostasien. Galeopithecus. Platyrrhini, Neuweltaffen (69) Vielgestaltige meist tag- oder selten nachtaktive 5. Ordnung: Scandentia, Spitzhörnchen (18) Baumbewohner. Abstand zwischen den beiden Nasenöffnungen groß. 3 Prämolaren. Süd- und Etwa 20 cm große, im Habitus an Eichhörnchen Mittelamerika. Aotes, Callicebus, Saimiri, Cebus, erinnernde Säuger mit langem, meist buschigem Ateles, Alouatta, Callimico, Callithrix, Saguinus. Schwanz und großen Augen. Daumen abspreiz-, aber nicht opponierbar. Tagaktive, baumlebende Catarrhini, Altweltaffen (70) Allesfresser. Süd- und Südostasien. Tupaia, Pti- Tagaktiv, bei starkem Verfolgungsdruck auch locercus. nachtaktiv. Baumbewohner oder terrestrisch. Abbildungsnachweis für die Bildtafeln Adam G. (2005), Adam, R. (1993), Alberti, G. G. (1997), Levinson, H. u. A. (2001), Liebig, V. (2004), Arntz, W. E. (2005), Behler, J. L. (1979), (2005), McNamara, K. J. (2004), Mehlhorn, H. Benecke, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity
    Durham E-Theses 'The Gods of the Nations are Idols' (Ps. 96:5): Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity NICHOLS, SEBASTIAN,TOBY How to cite: NICHOLS, SEBASTIAN,TOBY (2014) 'The Gods of the Nations are Idols' (Ps. 96:5): Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10616/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Sebastian Toby Nichols ‘The Gods of the Nations are Idols’ (Ps. 96:5): Paganism and Idolatry in Near Eastern Christianity This thesis will explore the presentation in Christian literature of gentile religious life in the Roman Near East in the first few centuries AD. It will do so by performing a close study of three sources – the Syriac Oration of Meliton the Philosopher, the Syriac translation of the Apology of Aristides, and the Greek Address to the Greeks of Tatian.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Celtic Language May Be Turned To
    '^^'& msw 6iW. l(o?^ )^. HISTORY CELTIC LANGUAGE; WHEKEIX IT IS SHOWN TO BE BASED UPON NATURAL PRINCIPLES, AXD, ELEMENTARILY CONSIDERED, CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH THE INFANCY OF THE HUMAN FAMILY : LIZEWISE SHOWING ITS IMPORTANCE IN ORDER TO THE PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CLASSICS, INCLUDING THE SACRED TEXT, THE HIEROGLYPHICS, THE CABALA, ETC. ETC. BY L. MACLEAN, F.O.S, kuthnr of" Historical Account of lona," " Sketches of St Kilda," &c. Sec. LONDON: SMITH, ELDER, and CO.; EDINBURGH: M'LACHLAN, STEWART, and CO. GLASGOW: DUGALD MOORE. MDCCCXL. " IT CONTAINS MANY TRUTHS WHICH ARE ASTOUNDING, AND AT WHICH THE IGNORANT MAY SNEER; BUT THAT WILL NOT TAKE PROM THEIR ACCURACY. "_SEB SIR WILLIAM BETHAM's LETTER TO THE AUTHOR IN REFERENCE TO THE GAELIC EDITION. " WORDS ARE THE DAUGHTERS OF EARTH—THINGS ARE THE SONS OF HEAVEN."—SAMUEL JOHNSON, GLASGOW: — F.nWAKi) KHII.I., I'Hl NTER TO THE U M VERSITV. ^' D IBtKication^ RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR ROBERT PEEL, baronet, m.p. Sir, An ardent admirer of your character, public and private, I feel proud of the permission you have kindly granted me to Dedicate to you this humble Work. The highest and most noble privilege of great men is the opportunity their station affords them of fostering the Fine Arts, and amplifying the boundaries of useful knowledge. That this spirit animates your bosom, each successive day is adding proof: nor is the fact IV DEDICATION. unknown, that whilst your breast glows with the fire of the patriot, beautifully harmonizing with the taste of the scholar, your energies are likewise engaged on the side of that pure religion of your fathers, with which your own mind has been so early imbued, and which, joined with Education, is, as has properly been said, " the cheapest defence of a nation;" as it is the only solid foundation whereon to build our hopes of bliss in a world to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Christianizing Asia Minor Paul Mckechnie Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48146-5 — Christianizing Asia Minor Paul McKechnie Index More Information Index 1 John, New Testament epistle, 51, 56, 118 Alexander son of Antonios, 148, 150, 1 Peter, New Testament epistle, 51, 213 165–6, 210, 247 1 Timothy, New Testament epistle, 152 Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem, 214 4 Ezra, 100 Alexander, martyr, 117 Alexandria, 27, 51, 167, 193, 214, 216 ab epistulis, 76, 177 Alexandros aka Artemon, 192 Abdul Hamid, 150, 158 Alexandros son of Domnos, 242 Aberkios stone, 157, 179 Alexandros son of Epigonos, 199 Aberkios, bishop of Hierapolis, 16, 45, 127, Alexandros son of Gaios, 199, 223, 293 131, 137, 139, 147–65, 207, 210, 221, Alexandros son of Menekrates, 220, 290 228, 240, 244, 246–7, 263–87 alimentary schemes, 180 Abgar VIII, 162 Allexandreia, 235 Abraham, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Allexandros, 235 Abras, presbyter, 256 aloes, 55 Abris, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Alphios, presbyter, 256 Achaean/s, 69 Anaitis, 41 Acts of St Trophimus, 199 Ancyra, 18, 30, 127–8, 146, 188–9, 259, Adana, 72 308 Adıgüzel Dam, 99 angel/s, 4, 20, 25, 31–2, 85, 94, 96–7, 103, Adrianople, 258 111, 130, 153, 155, 161, 173, 184–5, aedicula, 155 227–8, 287 Aegean, 8 Anicetus, bishop of Rome, 79, 82 Aelius Aristides, 86 Aniketos, 257 Aelius Glykon, 65 Anne, Queen, 79 Aelius Publius Julius, 116, 131 anonymous anti-Montanist writer, 100–2, aeons, 70 106, 108, 120, 126, 128, 131, 144, 158 Africa, 97, 101, 129–30, 164, 213, 255 anti-Marcionite prologue, 55 Afyonkarahisar, 166, 215, 234, 291 antimony, 108 Ağa
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Natural History
    Received in Exchange from QH I UNIVERSITY OF IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME IX 1920-1921 UNIVERSITY OF IOWA 1921 '/p.,. CONTENTS VOLUME IX No. 1. Birge, E. A. and Juday, Chancey. A limnological reconnaissance of West Okoboji. No. 2. Stoner, Dayton. Nesting habits of the hermit thrush in northern Michigan. No. 3. Trowbridge, A. C. The erosional history of the drift- less area. No. 4. Lindsey, A. W. The Hesperioidea of America north of Mexico. No. 5. Clark, A. H., Kathbun, Mary J., Boone, Pearl L., Shoemaker, C. K., Clark, H. L. Reports on the Crinoids, Ophiurans, Brachyura, Tanidacea and Iso- poda, Amphipods, and Echinoidea of the Barbados- Antigua expedition of 1918. FIRST SERIES No. 35 SEPTEMBER, 1920 UNIVERSITY OF IOWA STUDIES STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY Volume IX Number 1 A LIMN0L0GICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF WEST 0K0B0JI by E. A. BIRGE and CHANCEY JUDAY PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY, IOWA CITY Issued monthly throughout the year. Entered at the post office at Iowa City, Iowa, at second class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rates of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1018. UNIVERSITY OF IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY Professor Charles Cleveland Nutting, M. A., Editor Continuation of Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa Volume IX Number 1 A LIMNOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF WEST 0K0B0JI by E. A. BIRGE and CHANCEY JUDAY PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY, IOWA CITY A LIMNOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF WEST OKOBOJI E. A. Birge and Chancey Juday I—SITUATION, AREA, VOLUME Lake Okoboji lies in Dickinson county close to the north- ern boundary of Iowa ; it is situated in T.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Download 2.4 Mb
    Lucian and the Atticists: A Barbarian at the Gates by David William Frierson Stifler Department of Classical Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ William A. Johnson, Supervisor ___________________________ Janet Downie ___________________________ Joshua D. Sosin ___________________________ Jed W. Atkins Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classical Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 ABSTRACT Lucian and the Atticists: A Barbarian at the Gates by David William Frierson Stifler Department of Classical Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ William A. Johnson, Supervisor ___________________________ Janet Downie ___________________________ Joshua D. Sosin ___________________________ Jed W. Atkins An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classical Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by David William Frierson Stifler 2019 Abstract This dissertation investigates ancient language ideologies constructed by Greek and Latin writers of the second and third centuries CE, a loosely-connected movement now generally referred to the Second Sophistic. It focuses on Lucian of Samosata, a Syrian “barbarian” writer of satire and parody in Greek, and especially on his works that engage with language-oriented topics of contemporary relevance to his era. The term “language ideologies”, as it is used in studies of sociolinguistics, refers to beliefs and practices about language as they function within the social context of a particular culture or set of cultures; prescriptive grammar, for example, is a broad and rather common example. The surge in Greek (and some Latin) literary output in the Second Sophistic led many writers, with Lucian an especially noteworthy example, to express a variety of ideologies regarding the form and use of language.
    [Show full text]
  • 129 Sebastian P. Brock, an Introduction to Syriac
    BOOK REVIEWS Sebastian P. Brock, An Introduction to Syriac Studies (revised second edition). (Gorgias Handbooks 4; Gorgias Press: Piscataway, NJ, 2006) Pp. ix + 78. Paperback, $29.00. REVIEWED BY ROBERT A. KITCHEN, KNOX-METROPOLITAN UNITED CHURCH [1] It has seldom been an easy task to venture into the study of things Syriac. There are few places, even many theological institutions, where mention of the Syriac language and its churches elicits a response of recognition. Sources and reference materials, therefore, are not readily located, so where to begin is a matter of first importance. Sebastian Brock’s second small volume recently republished in an updated edition remedies the situation. An Introduction to Syriac Studies was written originally in 1980 for a publication in Birmingham targeted towards undergraduates, but over time became inaccessible to most students. Kristian Heal of the Center for the Preservation of Ancient Religious Texts (CPART) at Brigham Young University first rescued the publication from no-longer-in-print status and published it electronically on the CPART website. Now Gorgias Press has reissued the book with a number of additions and updates which Brock happily notes is the good sign of significant growth and interest in the field of Syriac studies. [2] This may be called an introduction, but it is worth the time reading through for any student or experienced scholar. Particularly helpful are the initial sections on “what is Syriac” and “why one should study it,” matters typically raised by all sorts of people, but seldom answered in an articulate way. The section on the scope of Syriac literature is all too brief, but after all this is intended only to be an introduction, so Brock continually points the reader towards other more in-depth resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine
    — T.('vn.l,r fuipf ARRIAN'S VOYAGE ROUND THE EUXINE SEA TRANSLATED $ AND ACCOMPANIED WITH A GEOGRAPHICAL DISSERTATION, AND MAPS. TO WHICH ARE ADDED THREE DISCOURSES, Euxine Sea. I. On the Trade to the Eqft Indies by means of the failed II. On the Di/lance which the Ships ofAntiquity ufually in twenty-four Hours. TIL On the Meafure of the Olympic Stadium. OXFORD: DAVIES SOLD BY J. COOKE; AND BY MESSRS. CADELL AND r STRAND, LONDON. 1805. S.. Collingwood, Printer, Oxford, TO THE EMPEROR CAESAR ADRIAN AUGUSTUS, ARRIAN WISHETH HEALTH AND PROSPERITY. We came in the courfe of our voyage to Trapezus, a Greek city in a maritime fituation, a colony from Sinope, as we are in- formed by Xenophon, the celebrated Hiftorian. We furveyed the Euxine fea with the greater pleafure, as we viewed it from the lame fpot, whence both Xenophon and Yourfelf had formerly ob- ferved it. Two altars of rough Hone are ftill landing there ; but, from the coarfenefs of the materials, the letters infcribed upon them are indiftincliy engraven, and the Infcription itfelf is incor- rectly written, as is common among barbarous people. I deter- mined therefore to erect altars of marble, and to engrave the In- fcription in well marked and diftinct characters. Your Statue, which Hands there, has merit in the idea of the figure, and of the defign, as it reprefents You pointing towards the fea; but it bears no refemblance to the Original, and the execution is in other re- fpects but indifferent. Send therefore a Statue worthy to be called Yours, and of a fimilar delign to the one which is there at prefent, b as 2 ARYAN'S PERIPLUS as the fituation is well calculated for perpetuating, by thefe means, the memory of any illuftrious perfon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Teaching of Russian Culture to Americans: Contemporary Values
    71t .7487 JARVIS, Donald Karl, 1939- THE TEACHING OF RUSSIAN CULTURE TO AMERICANS; CONTEMPORARY VALUES AND NORMS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Education, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Donald Karl Jarvis 1971 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE TEACHING OP RUSSIAN CULTURE TO AMERICANS: CONTEMPORARY VALUES AND NORMS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Donald Karl Jarvis, B.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Adviser Department of Foreign Language Education ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express appreciation to Professor Douglas Card of the Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, for his interested assistance in siiggesting sources and evaluating the content of Chapter II. Gratitude is also due the reading committee, Professors Edward D. Allen, M. Eugene Gilliora, and Ronald E. Smith for their assistance in locating materials and their wise advice. Professor Smith's support was exceptionally strong throughout the project. Finally, the writer is indebted to his wife, Janelle Jamison Jarvis, for her continued support in this project, for her typing and editing of the manuscript, and for her valuable suggestions on Chapter IV. ii VITA April 6, 1939 . Born - Ithaca, New York 1964 .............. B.A., Brigham Young Univer­ sity , Provo, Utah 1964-1965 .......... Teaching Assistant, Depart­ ment of Foreign Languages, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1965-1966 .......... Teacher of Russian, German, and Mathematics, Beaver High School, Beaver, Utah 1966-1967 .......... Teacher of Russian and United States History, East High School, Salt Lake City, Utah 1967-1970 .....
    [Show full text]
  • ESTJ Contents 1 .Pdf
    Aalborg Universitet Jericho Lykke, Anne Published in: Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism Publication date: 2019 Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Lykke, A. (2019). Jericho. In D. Gurtner, & L. Stuckenbruck (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism (1 ed., Vol. 2, pp. 373-377). Bloomsbury T&T Clark. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: marts 30, 2020 Contents VOLUME 1 Preface xxv Periodized Color Maps xxix Map 1: Greater Mediterranean Region xxx Map 2: Alexander the Great (ca. 334–323 BCE) xxxii Map 3: The Diadochi (ca. 323–301 BCE) xxxiii Map 4: Seleucids and Ptolemies (301–200 BCE) xxxiv Map 5: Seleucids and Ptolemies (200–167 BCE) xxxv Map 6: Maccabean Revolt (167–160 BCE) xxxvi Map 7:
    [Show full text]
  • ASIA MINOR STUDIEN BAND 87 Forschungsstelle Asia Minor Im Seminar Für Alte Geschichte Der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
    ASIA MINOR STUDIEN BAND 87 Forschungsstelle Asia Minor im Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster ASIA MINOR STUDIEN Band 87 Die Christianisierung Kleinasiens in der Spätantike 2017 DR. RUDOLF HABELT GMBH ∙ BONN Forschungsstelle Asia Minor im Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Die Christianisierung Kleinasiens in der Spätantike herausgegeben von Walter Ameling 2017 DR. RUDOLF HABELT GMBH ∙ BONN Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung Abbildungen Umschlag: Karte im Hintergrund aus A. von Harnack, Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums, Leipzig 41924. Photographien von W. Ameling Beiträge und Anfragen sind zu richten an: Forschungsstelle ASIA MINOR im Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster Georgskommende 25 D– 48143 Münster Redaktion: Christian Bornemann ISBN 978-3-7749-4104-5 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detailliertere bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.dnb.de> abrufbar. Copyright 2017 by Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort VI Walter Ameling Einführung VII I. Allgemeines Glen W. Bowersock Christianization as Concept and Asia Minor as Space 1 Christopher P. Jones The Geography of Paganism 11 Klaus Bringmann Kaiser Julian auf der Reise durch Kleinasien. Der Reformator des Heidentums wird Zeuge einer sterbenden Religion 21
    [Show full text]
  • An Atlas of Antient [I.E. Ancient] Geography
    'V»V\ 'X/'N^X^fX -V JV^V-V JV or A?/rfn!JyJ &EO&!AElcr K T \ ^JSlS LIBRARY OF WELLES LEY COLLEGE PRESENTED BY Ruth Campbell '27 V Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/atlasofantientieOObutl AN ATLAS OP ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY BY SAMUEL BUTLER, D.D. AUTHOR OF MODERN AND ANTJENT GEOGRAPHY FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. STEREOTYPED BY J. HOWE. PHILADELPHIA: BLANQHARD AND LEA. 1851. G- PREFATORY NOTE INDEX OF DR. BUTLER'S ANTIENT ATLAS. It is to be observed in this Index, which is made for the sake of complete and easy refer- ence to the Maps, that the Latitude and Longitude of Rivers, and names of Countries, are given from the points where their names happen to be written in the Map, and not from any- remarkable point, such as their source or embouchure. The same River, Mountain, or City &c, occurs in different Maps, but is only mentioned once in the Index, except very large Rivers, the names of which are sometimes repeated in the Maps of the different countries to which they belong. The quantity of the places mentioned has been ascertained, as far as was in the Author's power, with great labor, by reference to the actual authorities, either Greek prose writers, (who often, by the help of a long vowel, a diphthong, or even an accent, afford a clue to this,) or to the Greek and Latin poets, without at all trusting to the attempts at marking the quantity in more recent works, experience having shown that they are extremely erroneous.
    [Show full text]