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Der Königsweg Der Apostel in Edessa, Indien Und Rom TÜBINGER GESELLSCHAFT WISSENSCHAFTLICHE REIHE BAND V VERLAG DER TÜBINGER GESELLSCHAFT TÜBINGEN 1997 II DER KÖNIGSWEG DER APOSTEL IN EDESSA, INDIEN UND ROM von Helmut Waldmann 2., verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage Darauf sagte Jesus, da er wußte, daß alles vollbracht sei, damit erfüllt würde die Schrift: »Mich dürstet!« Es stand ein Gefäß voll Essig da, und sie steckten einen mit Essig gefüllten Schwamm auf einen Hysopstengel und brachten ihn an seinen Mund. Als nun Jesus den Essig genom- men hatte, sprach er: »Es ist vollbracht.« Und er neigte sein Haupt und gab den Geist auf. Jo 19,28–30 VERLAG DER TÜBINGER GESELLSCHAFT TÜBINGEN 1997 III Die 1. Auflage dieses Buches trug den Titel: Das Christentum in Indien und der Königsweg der Apostel in Edessa, Indien und Rom. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Waldmann, Helmut: Der Königsweg der Apostel in Edessa, Indien und Rom / von Helmut Wald- mann. 2., verb. u. verm. Aufl., – Tübingen : Verl. der Tübinger Ges., 1997 (Wissenschaftliche Reihe ; Bd.5) 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Waldmann, Helmut: Das Christentum in Indien und der Königsweg der Apostel in Edessa, Indien und Rom ISBN 3–928096–11–7 © 1997 VERLAG DER TÜBINGER GESELLSCHAFT 2., verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage Satz und Druck: Gulde Druck GmbH, Tübingen Printed in Germany ISBN 3–928096-11–7 IV Episcopis, Archiepiscopis Cardinalibusque Faventibus 1997: ›DER TOD DES MONDES‹ DIESES BUCH ENTHÄLT EINE GESCHICHTE, DIE ETWA WIE FOLGT ENDEN KÖNNTE: … NACH VIELEM ZUWARTEN RIEFEN DIE ANGEHÖ- RIGEN SCHLIESSLICH DEN ARZT. DER TRAT ANS BETT UND FÜHLTE DEN PULS DES REGLOS DALIE- GENDEN. DANN WANDTE ER SICH AN DIE UMSTE- HENDEN MIT DEN WORTEN: »TRAGEN SIE ES MIT FASSUNG. ABER DER PATIENT IST OFFENBAR SCHON SEIT LÄNGERER ZEIT TOT.« V VI Inhalt VORWORT ZUR ERSTEN AUFLAGE . XIII VORWORT ZUR ZWEITEN AUFLAGE . XV BIBLIOGRAPHIE . XXVI ÜBERSETZUNG VON EINIGEN LATEINISCHEN AUSDRÜCKEN . XXXVI EINLEITUNG . 1 ERSTER TEIL DER APOSTEL THOMAS IN INDIEN 1. Die Thomasakten a. König Gondophares und sein Reich . 9 b. Klemens von Alexandrien und der Märtyrertod des Apostels Thomas 11 c. Des Apostels Thomas Mission in Parthien und Indien . 12 d. ›Bar-tho(lo)ma‹ und/oder ›Mar-Thoma‹ . 13 e. Jewish Colonies of India paved the way of Thomas . 17 2. Der Apostel Thomas in Indien a. Edessa und der Apostel Thomas . 21 b. Das hohe Alter der Predigt des Herrenjüngers Thaddäus (ca. 33/34 n. Chr.) . 22 c. Briefe Habbans des Handelsbevollmächtigten von König Gondophares an die Kirche von Edessa? . 24 d. Briefe des Apostels Thomas an die syrische Kirche aus Indien . 25 e. Die frühe Überführung der Gebeine des Apostels nach Edessa . 27 f. Khabin/Habban, der Kaufmann, der die Gebeine des Apostels Thomas nach Edessa brachte . 30 g. Warum überführt Habban Thomas’ Reliquien nach Edessa? . 32 h. Habban der Kaufmann und Handelsbevollmächtigte des Königs Gondophares von Parthien . 33 i. Der Zeitpunkt des Aufbruchs des Apostels Thomas in das Reich des Gondophares . 35 j. Warum ging der Apostel Thomas nach Indien? . 42 k. Habban und sein Sklave, der Zimmermann Thomas . 43 VII l. Habban der Christ . 47 m. Thomas und Habban in Andronpolis . 48 n. Thomas unternimmt zwei Reisen nach Indien . 51 o. Die zweite Reise Thomas’ nach Indien erfolgt um das Jahr 52 n. Chr. 52 p. König Mazdai und sein Sohn Johannes . 52 q. Thomas wird bestattet in der ›Grablege der alten Könige‹ . 54 r. Sämtliche Gebeine des Apostels Thomas wurden nach Edessa verbracht . 56 ZWEITER TEIL DIE PORTUGIESISCHE UND DIE SPÄTERE CHRISTLICHE INDIENMISSION 1. Allgemeiner Überblick . 59 2. Das christliche Kirchenregiment und seine Patriarchen . 61 DRITTER TEIL DER KÖNIGSWEG DER CHRISTLICHEN MISSION 1. Hinweise auf den Königsweg aus der gesamten christlichen Mission . 67 2. Petri Königsweg nach Rom a. Charakterisierung des Wirkens Petri . 69 b. Philippus begegnet Simon Magus in Caesarea (36 n. Chr.) . 71 c. Petri erste Begegnung mit Simon Magus in Caesarea (36 n. Chr.) . 73 d. Weitere Begegnungen Petri mit Simon Magus in Caesarea (etwa 38 – 42 n. Chr.) α Eine Aussage der Apostolischen Konstitutionen . 75 β Ein Text aus Jakobus de Voragine . 75 γ Grundsätzliches zu Jakobus de Voragine . 77 δ Der Quellenwert der beiden ersten von Jakobus dem ›Linus‹-Zitat vorgeschalteten Texte . 78 ε Titel und Untertitel der Schriften des Simon oder Der Prophetenberg . 80 ζ Der Quellenwert des dritten von Jakobus dem ›Linus‹-Zitat vorgeschalteten Textes . 82 e. Petrus und Simon Magus in Rom α Petri Entschluß zu einer ersten Reise nach Rom (42/46 n. Chr.) . 82 β Petrus und der Präfekt Agrippa . 84 γ Die ursprünglichen Petrusakten stammen aus dem ersten Jahrhundert n. Chr. 86 δ Ein Stadtpräfekt (praefectus urbi) verurteilt den Petrus . 87 ε D. Haterius Agrippa war Stadtpräfekt von Rom 63/64 (?) bis 65 n. Chr. 89 VIII ζ Die Präfektur des Haterius Agrippa ist bei weitem sicherer bezeugt als die der meisten anderen aus seiner Zeit . 95 η Die Gründe von Gefangennahme und Hinrichtung der Apostel- fürsten . 97 ϑ Welche Gründe möchten Verurteilung und Tod der Apostel- fürsten so nahe zusammengeführt haben? . 100 ι Simon Magus vor Nero in Rom. Eine Auferstehung . 101 κ Simon Magus’ und Helenas Standbilder in Rom . 102 λ Petri Auseinandersetzung mit dem Magus in Rom. Ein Streit- gespräch vor Nero? . 105 µ Ein Totenerweckungsversuch vor Nero und eine Toten- erweckung . 106 ν Die actus Vercellenses zu Petri Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Magus in Rom . 108 ξ Der Kampf Petri mit Simon Magus auf dem Forum . 111 ο Das Martyrium Petri. Der Linus-Text . 115 π Das Martyrium der Apostel Petrus und Paulus. Texte bei Jakobus 120 ρ Die Bestattung Petri . 123 ς Petrus und Paulus erscheinen nach ihrem Tod dem Dionysius . 124 VIERTER TEIL INDIA CHRISTIANA . 129 FÜNFTER TEIL EINZELFRAGEN 1. Das sog. Thomas-Evangelium . 135 2. Das Kindheitsevangelium des Thomas . 137 3. Die georgische Version des ›Martyriums‹ Thomas’ . 139 IX ANHANG I. EXKURSE ERSTER EXKURS Die Erasmische Gelehrten-Republik, die katholische Wissenschaft und Tiberius, der Kaiser von Rom, sowie der Hl. Vater Papst Johannes Paul II. a. Die Erasmische Gelehrten-Republik . 143 b. Die katholische Wissenschaft und Tiberius, der Kaiser von Rom . 144 c. Die Erasmische Gelehrten-Republik, die katholische Wissenschaft und der Hl. Vater Papst Johannes Paul II. α Johannes Paul II. und die Reise des Apostels Thomas nach Indien . 148 β Johannes Paul II. und die ersten Bezeugungen des Christentums in der nichtchristlichen Geschichtsschreibung . 148 γ Johannes Paul II. und das Alter gewisser nichtchristlicher Religionen . 151 δ Johannes Paul II., das Ende des Kommunismus und des Papstes Hoffnung auf den in Fatima verheißenen Triumph des Unbefleckten Herzens vor dem Jahre 2000 . 153 ZWEITER EXKURS Jacobus’ de Voragine Legenda Aurea und ihre ›Extravaganzen‹ . 156 DRITTER EXKURS Otto Flake und die Erasmische Gelehrten-Republik . 158 VIERTER EXKURS Verwunderlicher Quellenschwund: Nicht nur fast alle von Eusebius angeführten griechischen Quellen gingen verloren a. Der Fall Eusebius . 160 b. Der Fall King’s College . 161 c. Der Fall Cureton . 162 d. Der Fall Assemani . 164 e. Der Fall der Weinenden Madonna von La Salette . 166 FÜNFTER EXKURS: Genauere Bestimmung einiger Daten der frühen Kirchengeschichte a. Das Datum der Bekehrung Pauli und des Apostelkonzils α Das Datum von Pauli Bekehrung (Januar 34 n. Chr.) . 166 β Der Ansatz des Apostelkonzils auf das 14. Jahr nach Pauli Bekehrung (47 n. Chr.) . 169 X b. Zeitpunkt und Ort des transitus Mariae α Das Jahr des Heimgangs Mariens (48 n. Chr.) . 170 β Der Tod Mariens in Ephesus . 174 II. QUELLENTEXTE 1. Die Nummern 1–4 und 167–170 (Ende) der Thomas-Akten . 179 2. Der Briefwechsel zwischen König Abgar dem Schwarzen und Jesus und die edessener Predigt des Herrenjüngers Thaddäus . 182 3. Der Briefwechsel zwischen König Abgar dem Schwarzen von Edessa und Kaiser Tiberius . 184 4. Die Liste kanonischer und außer-kanonischer Apostelbriefe der Doctrina Apostolorum . 187 5. Tertullians juristische Stellungnahme zu Kaiser Tiberius’ Ansinnen an den Senat, die Göttlichkeit Jesu anzuerkennen . 187 6. Eusebius’ Bericht von der zeitlichen Aufeinanderfolge der wichtigsten Ereignisse nach der Himmelfahrt Jesu . 189 7. Die sog. ›Kerala-Tradition‹ vom Wirken des Apostels Judas-Thomas in Süd-Indien und China . 189 8. Die sog. ›Travancore-Tradition‹ vom Wirken des Apostels Judas-Thomas in Süd-Indien und China . 190 9. Der nisibener Hymnus 42 Ephräms des Syrers . 190 10. Die ersten drei Strophen eines Hymnus Ephräms des Syrers auf Thomas . 191 11. Bischof Salomo von Basra über den Apostel Thomas . 192 12. Der Briefwechsel zwischen dem Apostel Paulus und dem römischen Philosophen und Staatsmann Seneca . ..
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