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Index

Abraham, 7, 35, 47 Ayres, Lewis, 77 Abraham, William, 21, 22 Adam, 44, 60, 118, 187 Badiou, Alain, 86, 90, 97 Adams, Nicholas, 190–193 Baggini, Julian, 221–223, 228, 229 Adapa, 44 Balaam, 51 Adeodatus, 111–114 Balentine, Samuel E., 48, 52 agape, 3, 10, 14, 223. See also charity Bammel, Ernst, 37 agnosticism, 46, 218, 219. See also atheism; Barr, James, 44 skepticism Barth, Karl, 22, 150, 170, 177–179, 181–185, 186, Agur, 41 189, 190 Akhmˆım Gospel, 29 Barton, John, 53 Allison, Dale, 5 Bauer, Bruno, 33 Almeida, Ivan, 186 Beezlebul, 154. See also Satan Alston, William, 223 Behemoth, 52 Amesbury, Richard, 98 Ben Sira, 43, 54, 58, 59, 60 Anatu, 44 Benedict (Pope), 104 Andersen, Francis I., 50 Betz, Otto, 2, 6 Anselm, 103, 161 Beyschlag, Karlmann, 29 apologetics, 22, 173, 178, 180, 187 Blenkinsopp, Joseph, 58 Aquinas, Thomas, 20, 21, 124–142, 150 Bloom, Harold, 81 Aratus, 93 Bockmuehl, Markus, 3 Arendt, Hannah, 22, 23, 194–197, 208, 213 Borges, Jorge Luis, 65 Aristobolos, 76 Boucher, Madeleine, 65 Aristophanes, 64 Brentano, Franz, 221 Aristotle, 21, 23, 68, 94, 124–127, 131, 132–134, Brosend, II, W.F., 28 209, 212 Brown, William P., 49 Aristotelianism, 127, 128, 130, 133 Buddhism, 23, 129, 216–220 Arius, 77 Guatama the Buddha, 7 Asˇsurbanipal,ˇ 50 Bultmann, Rudolf, 33, 184 Athanasius, 77 Burnyeat, Myles, 110, 123 atheism, 77, 179, 217, 229. See also agnosticism; skepticism Calvin, John, 97, 152 Augustine, 20, 63, 103, 109–123, 128, 184, 187, Cappadocians, 77 190, 191, 221, 226, 228 Carlson, Stephen C., 30 Augustus (Caesar), 37 Carr, David M., 42 Averroes, 125, 127, 131 Cartlidge, David R., 65, 76 Avicenna, 125, 126, 127 Celsus, 32

231

232 INDEX

charity (or caritas), 23, 217, 218, 223, 226, 228. Engberg-Pedersen, Troels, 85 See also agape Enkidu, 44, 47 Chisholm, Roderick, 221 Enlightenment, the, 19, 74, 78, 79, 149, 167, Christology, 18, 22, 40, 75, 77, 78, 150, 161, 163, 188, 189, 191 170, 172, 175, 176, 178, 184, 186, 229 Enlil, 45 Clement of Alexandria, 30 Enoch, 53 Collingwood, R.J., 191 Epictetus, 19, 67, 78 Collins, John J., 47, 48, 53, 59, 60 Epicurus, 67, 85 Confucius, 7, 66 Epimenides, 93 conscience, 92, 184, 187, 188, 189 epistemology, 4, 5, 13, 19, 20, 21, 58, 62, 91, 93, Crenshaw, James L., 18, 19, 41, 42, 46, 47, 52, 95–100, 102, 104, 130, 149–168 53, 55, 58, 59 epistemology of theology, 21, 150, 160, 162, Criteria of authenticity, 27, 45 163, 164, 166 cross, the, 8, 9, 12, 13, 29, 31, 40, 61, 152, 156, naturalized epistemology, 167. See 169, 172, 176, 177, 182 naturalism Crossan, John D., 36, 65, 68 supernaturalized epistemology, 167 crucifixion, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 37 Esarhaddon, 50 Cynics, 67, 85 Eucharist, the, 82 Eunomius, 77 Dalai Lama, the, 7 Evans, Craig A., 18, 27, 28, 32, 39, 86 Daniel, 2 Eve, 44, 100, 117 David, 37, 86 evil, 11, 21, 22, 44–47, 54, 55, 58, 79, 102, 114, Davids, Peter H., 28 127, 143, 155, 173, 198, 199, 200–202, Davidson, Donald, 162 204–206, 210, 211, 216, 221, 222, 224 Dawson, John David, 182–184, 186 existentialism, 184, 215 Day, Dorothy, 73 Ezekiel, 2, 169 death, 2–13, 217–219, 222, 229. See cross; Ezra, 53 crucifixion; resurrection; sacrifice. See also evil; suffering fideism, 98, 165 Decalogue, 50 Filson, Floyd, 3, 6 Descartes, Rene,´ 79, 160 Fitzmeyer, Joseph, 4 Deutero-Isaiah, 48 Flusser, David, 28, 31 Didache, 28 Ford, David F., 22, 187 Dill, Samuel, 67 forgiveness, 7–13, 22, 23, 38, 61, 154, 157, 158, Dio Chrysostom, 67 194–209, 225 Diogenes Laertius, 46, 64 Formula of Chalcedon, 77 Divine Council, 41, 43 Foster, Benjamin R., 44, 45, 51 Donaldson, Terence L., 89 Foster, Paul, 29 Dor-Shav, Ethan, 57 Francis of Assisi, 73 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 73 Frankfurt, Harry, 219 Dungan, David L., 65, 76 Franks, Caroline, 223 Dunn, James D.G., 5, 28, 85, 86 Franzmann, Majella, 68 Freedman, David Noel, 50 Ea, 43, 44, 45 Frei, Hans, 73, 181–184, 186 Eagleton, Terry, 215, 220, 221 Freud, Sigmund, 184 Ebionite Gospels, 28 Fromm, Erich, 45 Ehrman, Bart D., 32 Funk, Robert W., 63, 64 Eleazar, 38 Elijah, 152 Gabriel, 53 Eliphaz, 48 Gager, John, 90 Elliot, J. Keith, 30 Gellman, Jerome, 223 Ellis, E. Earle, 86 Gese, Hartmut, 55 Elohim, 43, 44, 55, 57, 61 Gettier, Edmund, 134

INDEX 233

Al-Ghazali, 125, 126, 190 Job, 45, 48, 51, 52, 54, 56 Gideon, 52 John (apostle/disciple), 152, 153 Gilbert, Maurice, 60 John (evangelist), 7, 8, 10, 12, 22, 28, 33, 60, 63, Gilgamesh, 44, 46–48 72, 75, 150, 157, 170–178, 181–182, 184, Gnostics (and Gnosticism), 27, 32, 59, 76, 189, 220 174 John the Baptist, 31, 34, 35, 39, 149, 153, 155, Goethe, J.W. von, 56 180 Goetz, Stewart, 222 Johnson, Luke Timothy, 19, 28, 63–68, 70–73 Golden Rule, 67, 217 Jordan, Mark, 124 Goldstein, Morris, 30 Joseph, 30 Gooch, Paul W., 19, 20, 92, 103 Josephus, 30, 31, 33, 36 good news. See Good News power Josiah, 54 movement; John; Luke; Mark; Judas Maccabeus, 38 Matthew Jude, 28 Good News power movement, 2–6. See also Justin Martyr, 32 wisdom movement Julian of Norwich, 224, 228 Goodman, Martin, 90 Julius Africanus, 32 Gospels. See Akhmˆım Gospel; Ebionite Gospels; John; Luke; Mark; Mary; Kafka, Franz, 65 Matthew; Papyrus Egerton 2; Phillip; Kant, Immanuel, 47, 187, 190, 208 Thomas Kantianism, 20, 123 Grayling, A.C., 223, 224 Kee, Howard Clark, 150 Greimas, A.J., 186 Keel, Othmar, 48 Kempis, Thomas a,` 188 Haight, Robert, 78 kerygma, 17 Haji, Ishtiyaque, 123 Kierkegaard, Søren, 47, 78 Hampton, Jean, 205 King, Martin Luther, 73 Harrington, Daniel J., 59 Koch, Klaus, 48 Hegel, G.W.F., 78, 173, 187 Kolarcik, Michael, 60 Heidegger, Martin, 78, 187 Kruger,¨ Thomas, 57 Hengel, Martin, 33 Kutsko, John F., 49 Herford, R. Travers, 30 Herod the Great, 34, 37, 154, 155 LaCocque, Andre, 170, 184, 192 Hick, J., 78 Leftow, Brian, 20, 21 Hillel, 67 Lemcio, Eugene, 2 Hokmˆa, 54, 60 Leo the Great, 69 Holladay, Carl R., 76 Lessing, G.E., 173 Hosea, 2 Leviathan, 52 Hoover, Roy W., 63 Levinas, Emmanuel, 173, 174, 184 Hume, David, 127, 222, 227 Levine, Baruch A., 51 Lewis, C.S., 159 Iqbal, Muhammad, 190 liberation theology, 79 Isaac, 47 Locke, John, 149 Isaiah, 2, 35, 36, 71 logos, 22, 60, 170–174, 178–181, 184 Ithiel, 41 Lohﬁnk, Norbert, 57, 58 Lucian of Samosata, 32, 33, 69 Jacobsen, Thorkild, 42 Luke (evangelist), 28, 33, 63, 66, 67, 70–72, 75, James, 6, 28, 30, 31, 90, 152, 153 89, 196–198, 201, 207 Jefferson, Thomas, 63 Lurhmann,¨ Dieter, 28 Jeffrey, Peter, 30 Luther, Martin, 73 Jeremiah, 2, 45, 46, 52, 169 Jeremias, Joachim, 65 Machinist, Peter, 57 Jesus Seminar, 29 Maier, Johann, 30

234 INDEX

Maimonides, Moses, 125, 126, 190 Niederwimmer, Kurt, 28 Malherbe, Abraham J., 66, 67, 85 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 74 Mami, 46 Nissinen, Martti, 49 Manichaes (or Manichaeism), 63 Nussbaum, Martha C., 67, 208, 212 Mann, William, 117, 123 Manson, Thomas Walter, 31 Origen of Alexandria, 32, 66, 67, 70, 183, 184, Mara bar Serapion, 32, 33 186 Marcel, Gabriel, 66 Other, the, 179 Marcus, Joel, 152, 157 Ovid, 76 Marcus Antonius, 37 Marduk, 46 paciﬁsm, 198 Mark (evangelist), 21, 28, 33, 38, 63, 72, 150, pagans (or paganism), 18, 27, 28, 32, 209, 210, 151, 152, 154, 157–159, 160, 161, 165 214, 218 Secret Gospel of Mark, 29, 30 Papyrus Egerton 2, 29 Marshall, Bruce D., 161, 162, 167, 168 parables, 22, 36, 64–65, 67, 85, 155, 157, 158, 169, Martha, 88 170, 176, 182, 185–186, 197 Mary, 30, 71 Parpola, Simo, 50 Gospel of Mary, 32 Passare, Giuseppe Bellia-Angelo, 59 Massaux, Edouard,´ 29 Patterson, S.J., 68 Matthew (evangelist), 7, 8, 10, 11–12, 28, 33, 63, Paul, 2, 3–13, 16, 19, 20, 28, 34, 59, 70, 75, 77, 70–72, 75, 152, 158, 196–199, 201 84–103, 128, 169, 187, 188, 189, 191, 201 Matthews, Gareth B., 20, 101, 120, 123 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 191 McGlynn, Moyna, 59 Person, Ethel S., 29, 80 McKnight, Scot, 90 Peter, 6, 8, 21, 36, 71, 88, 90, 151–154, 196, 197 meaning of life, 23, 215–229 Gospel of Peter, 29 Meeks, Wayne A., 64 Pharisees, 155, 157, 201 Meier, John P., 27, 31 Philip Melville, Herman, 73 Gospel of Philip, 32 Menander, 93 Philo of Alexandria, 76 Mendelson, A., 76 Pilate, Pontius, 31, 32, 61 Meyer, Ben F., 36 Plantinga, Alvin, 168 Michalson, Carl, 16 Plato, 2, 3, 64, 66, 76, 125–128, 145, 189 Miller, Patrick D., 50 Platonism, 41, 76, 100, 127, 128, 130, 145 Minear, Paul, 5 Neo platonism, 19, 60 Miskotte, Kornelius H., 48 Pliny the Younger, 32, 33 Moberly, R.W.L., 47 Plotinus, 145 Monimus, 57 Plutarch, 68, 69, 76 Monk, Ray, 123 pneumatology, 183, 184, 186 Moore, G.E., 221 Pojman, Louis, 218, 219, 227 Moses, 7, 48, 50, 55, 66, 92, 152, 172, 175, Popkin, Richard, 98 187 Porter, Stanley E., 27 Muhammad, 7 Powell, Mark Allan, 34 Murray, Michael, 103 Pritchard, James B., 44 Pseudo-Isocrates, 67, 69 naturalism, 23, 131, 167, 216–218, 221–225. See Puech, Emile, 60 also epistemology, naturalized epistemology Qohelth, 54, 56–58, 60, 61 Nero, 211 Quarles, Charles L., 29 Newsome, Carol, 52, 56 Ngwa, Kenneth Numfor, 56 Nicene Creed, 77 Rad, Gerhard von, 53 Niebuhr, H. Richard, 185, 186 Rahner, Karl, 48

INDEX 235

redemption, 2–17, 21, 39, 40, 164, 168, 195, 213, Spinoza, Baruch, 190 216, 223, 225, 226 Stanton, Graham, 3 Reformation, the, 160, 167 Stegman, T.D., 66 Reiser, Marius, 11 Stoics (or Stoicism), 58, 60, 85, 100, 127, relativism, 160 204–205, 209, 210 repentance, 56, 93, 155, 158, 205–208, 225 Strauss, David Friedrich, 78 resurrection, 3–9, 13, 34, 37, 39, 64, 77, 79, 81, Stuhlmacher, Peter, 12 82, 86–91, 93, 102, 160, 172, 176, 177, Stump, Eleonore, 125, 135–136, 142 182, 186, 188, 229 Suetonius, 32, 33 Ricoeur, Paul, 22, 169–192 suffering, 39, 51, 77, 88, 152, 172, 188 Rosch, Eleanor, 116, 123 Swinburne, Richard, 153, 223 Rose, Martin, 55 Rosenblaum, Ron, 81 Tacitus, 32, 33 Rosenzweig, Franz, 174, 190 Talbert, Charles H., 70 Rowe, William, 127 Taliaferro, Charles, 23, 222 Tatian, 29 sacriﬁce, 7, 8, 10–13, 38, 39, 47, 71, 77, 94, Teresa, Mother, 73 224 Tertullian, 98 Sanders, Ed Parish, 34, 35 Thallus, 32 Sanders, James A., 86 Theissen, Gerd, 27 Sandt, H. van de, 28 theodicy, 18, 45, 47, 58, 59, 61, 102 Satan, 35, 36, 38, 45, 71, 100, 154, 155, 157, 158. Thomas (disciple), 29, 75 See also Beezlebul Gospel of Thomas, 29, 68 scandal of particularity, the, 173 Thompson William M., 181 Schillebeeckx, Edward, 78 Tiberius, 32 Schlarb, Egbert, 28 Tolbert, Mary Ann, 65 Schmid, Hans Heinrich, 55 Toorn, Karel van der, 42, 49 Schneemelcher, Wilhelm, 30 Torah, 50, 65, 70, 172, 202 Schneider, Gerhard, 37 Tracy, David, 181 Schroer, Silvia, 54 Trajan, 32 Schweitzer, Albert, 33 Transﬁguration, 28 Schwienhorst-Schonberger,˝ Ludwig, 57 Trinity, the, 103, 125, 162, 177, 182, 184, 191, 224, Segal, Alan F., 76, 89 229 Seneca, 23, 70, 71, 209–213 Trinitarianism, 40, 163, 168, 176 Septuagint, 60, 102, 171 Trypho the Jew, 32 Serapion, Bishop, 29 Twelftree, Graham H., 30, 36 Shakespeare, William, 81, 225 Shamash, 49 Uriel, 53 Sheol, 60 utilitarianism, 20, 123, 215, 220 Sinnott, Alice M., 54 Utnapishtim, 46 skepticism, 33, 120, 160, 166, 218, 219. See also agnosticism; atheism Vanhoozer, Kevin, 180–184, 186 Smith, Jonathan Z., 36, 61 Voorst, Robert E. Van, 33 Smith, Mark S., 50 Votaw, Clyde Weber, 70 Smith, Morton, 29, 30 Snodgrass, Klyde, 6 Wainwright, William, 223 Socrates, 2, 3, 19, 64, 85, 98, 100, 101 Watts, Rikki, 3 Solomon, 37, 66 Weil, Eric, 55 Wisdom of Solomon, 18 Wenham, David, 12, 86, 88 Solon, 66 Westerholm, Stephen, 12 sophia, 60, 95 Westphal, Merold, 156 soteriology, 151, 164, 175, 186 Wilken, Robert Lewis, 77

236 INDEX

Williams, Delores, 74 Wrede, W., 160 Williams, Rowan, 3 Wright, J. Edward, 51 Winston, David, 60 Winter, Dagmar, 27 Xenophon, 64 wisdom movement, 2, 9. See also >Good news power movement Witherington III, Ben, 37 Yahweh, 41, 43–45, 47, 48, 50–54, 56, 59, 172 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 109–110, 114–116, 123, 220 Wolsterstorff, Nicholas, 22, 23 Zeus, 132