Preservatives for Personal Care

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preservatives for personal care made for me preservatives A challenge for every formulator is selecting the right preservative system that delivers an effective level Progressive Preservatives of protection against bacteria, yeast and mold. The family of preservatives from Ashland offers a variety of solutions for skin, sun and hair care products. Available in five categories – progressive, nature-identical, As personal care product manufacturers sell to an increasingly global client base, they need approved aromatic, classic and boosters – these versatile products are fast-acting and long-lasting to help product ingredients to easily navigate regulatory hurdles. Ashland’s family of progressive preservatives featuring manufacturers comply with regulatory requirements around the world. Featuring widely trusted brands the Optiphen preservative and Rokonsal preservative product lines is approved for use in all major markets, such as Optiphen™ preservative, Germall™ preservative, Germaben™ preservative, Rokonsal™ preservative compatible with a variety of formulations and not based on paraben, formaldehyde or halogens. Effective and others, our preservatives are supported by Ashland’s global technical expertise and service so you can against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast and mold, they offer excellent heat stability, work formulate with confidence knowing we have a system that meets your preservation requirements. To learn across a wide pH window and are easily solubilized in water. more about how Ashland can help protect your personal care products, contact one of our preservative experts today.

Progressive Preservative Range

Main Antimicrobial Activity Profile Applications

Temp. During Trade Name Hair Care Skin Care Production Not to be Notes EMEA NA Description/ Leave- Rinse- Leave- Rinse- Wet Use (influenced used for (see Non-Paraben Non-Paraben Non-FA-Donor Non-Halogen INCI Name Form Structure Gram+/Gram- Bacteria Yeast Mold Features and Benefits on off on off Wipes Levels by matrix) pH (see p.15) p.15) Optiphen Optiphen Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear to pale x x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against +++ ++ +++ ++ +++ 0.75 - Below 80°C 4-8 a preservative preservative Caprylyl Glycol straw liquid bacteria, yeast and mold 1.5% --Effective over pH of 4 to 8 --Global use†

Optiphen 200 Optiphen 200 Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear to pale x x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.75 - Below 80°C 4-8 a preservative preservative Caprylyl Glycol straw liquid bacteria, yeast and mold 1.3% --Effective over pH of 4 to 8 --Global use†

Optiphen 300 Optiphen 300 Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear to pale x x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against ++ +++ ++ +++ ++ 0.75 - Below 80°C 4-8 a preservative preservative Caprylyl Glycol straw liquid bacteria, yeast and mold 1.1% additional fungicidal protection may be needed in difficult formulations --Effective over pH of 4 to 8 --Global use† Optiphen Plus Optiphen Plus Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear to pale x x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.75 - Below 80°C up to b preservative preservative Caprylyl Glycol (and) straw liquid bacteria, yeast and mold 1.5% 6.0 Sorbic Acid --Ideal for slightly acidic personal care products --Effective pH range up to 6.0 --Global use†

O Rokonsal BSP Optiphen BSP Phenoxyethanol (and) Liquid OH CH3 - CH - CH2OH x x x x x x --Microbiostatic spectrum of +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.3 - 1.0% Below 80°C up to 2 preservative preservative Propylene Glycol (and) activity against bacteria, mold 5.4 OH COOH Benzoic Acid (and) Sorbic O and yeast Acid --Effective up to pH 5.4 H C OH 3 --Global use†

Rokonsal ND Optiphen ND Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear, x x x x x x --Microbiostatic spectrum of +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.3 - 1.0% Below 80°C up to 3, 4 a preservative preservative Benzoic Acid (and) yellowish activity against bacteria, mold 6.4 Dehydroacetic Acid solution and yeast --Effective up to pH 6.4 --Global use†

Optiphen PO Optiphen PO Phenoxyethanol Clear liquid x x x x x x --Microbiostatic activity ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ up to 1% Below 80°C 3-10 a preservative preservative --Wide pH 3 to 10 --Global use†, usually in combination with other actives

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

3 Optiphen P Platform

Optimizing the delivery of non-alcohol preservatives is essential to the viability of next-generation preservative Optiphen DP preservative offers broad spectrum protection and complies with one or all of the following systems. Ashland’s Optiphen P platform is the first preservative technology platform without alcoholic labels: Bra Miljöval (Good Environmental Choice), Nordic Ecolabel (Swan) and EU Ecolabel (Flower) 2014/893/ antimicrobials, based on an optimized delivery system. The delivery system serves to ostensibly maximize EU. Optiphen DLP preservative provides antifungal boosting at lower use levels. When used at higher dosages preservative efficacy without interfering or destabilizing cosmetic formulations, such as emulsions. All of the full protection can be achieved. preservative products offered within the Optiphen P platform address today’s demands for cost-efficient preservatives that follow natural ingredient trends.

Optiphen P platform Main Antimicrobial Activity Profile Applications

Temp. During Trade Name Hair Care Skin Care Production Not to be Notes EMEA NA Leave- Rinse- Leave- Rinse- Wet Use (influenced used for (see

INCI Name Description/Form Structure Non-Paraben Non-FA-Donor Non-Halogen Gram+/Gram- Bacteria Yeast Mold Features and Benefits on off on off Wipes Levels by matrix) pH (see p.15) p.15) Optiphen DP Optiphen DP Propylene Liquid x x x x x x --Microbiostatic spectrum of +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.3 - 2.0% Below 80°C up to 4, 9 preservative preservative Carbonate (and) activity, in some formulations 6.0 Benzoic Acid (and) additional booster is needed Dehydroacetic Acid --Effective up to pH 6.0 (and) Propanediol --Global use† --Cost efficient preservative based on uncontroversial ingredients --Optimized delivery system without alcoholic antimicrobials

Optiphen Optiphen Propylene Liquid x x x x x --Antifungal boosting activity +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.3 - 2.0% Below 80°C up to 4, 9 DLP DLP Carbonate (and) at low levels; full antimicrobial 6.4 preservative preservative Dehydroacetic Acid spectra at high levels --Effective up to pH 6.4. --Global use† --Cost efficient preservative based on nature identical active ingredient --Optimized delivery system without alcoholic antimicrobials

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

5 Nature-Identical Preservatives

The natural movement continues to drive consumer buying habits, so it’s no surprise that marketers also harbor a preference for all things green. That’s why Ashland’s nature-identical preservatives are ideal solutions for products aimed at the eco-aware consumer. Rokonsal and Optiphen BS and BSB-type preservatives are synthetic versions of naturally occurring substances with excellent efficacy and global approval for rinse-off and leave-on applications. They also meet the standards of several certifying bodies, such as ECOCERT, NATRUE, COSMOS and BDIH. These effective preservatives support a variety of natural personal care products.

Nature-Identical Preservative Range Main Antimicrobial Activity Profile Applications

Temp. During Trade Name Hair Care Skin Care Production Not to be Notes EMEA NA Description/ Leave- Rinse- Leave- Rinse- Wet Use (influenced used for (see Gram+/Gram- Bacteria Yeast Mold INCI Name Form Structure Non-Paraben Non-FA-Donor Non-Halogen Features and Benefits on off on off Wipes Levels by matrix) pH (see p.15) p.15) Optiphen BD Not available Benzyl Alcohol (and) Clear, x x x x x x --Microbiostatic spectrum of +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.3 – 1.0% Below 80°C up to 3, 4 c preservative Benzoic Acid (and) yellowish activity against bacteria, mold 6.4 Dehydroacetic Acid solution and yeast --Effective up to pH 6.4 --Global use† --Nature-identical combination Optiphen Optiphen Benzyl Alcohol (and) Yellowish- x x x x x x --Effective against gram-positive +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.3 – 1.0% Below 80°C up to 2 c BSB-W BSB-W Aqua (Water) (and) brownish liquid and gram-negative bacteria, 5.4 preservative preservative Sodium Benzoate (and) yeast and mold Potassium Sorbate --Effective up to pH 5.4 --Global use† --Nature-identical combination

Rokonsal BS Optiphen BS Sodium Benzoate (and) Yellow to light O ONa x x x x x x --Microbiostatic spectrum of ++ +++ ++ +++ + 0.3 – 1.0% Below 80°C up to 2 c preservative preservative Potassium Sorbate brown solution activity 5.4 O --Effective up to pH 5.4

H 3 C OK --Nature-identical combination --Global use†

Rokonsal BSB-N Optiphen Benzyl Alcohol (and) Colorless liquid x x x x x x --Effective against gram-positive ++ ++ +++ ++ + 0.3 – 1.0% Below 80°C up to 2 c preservative BSB-N Glycerin (and) Benzoic and gram-negative bacteria, 5.4 preservative Acid (and) Sorbic Acid yeast and mold --Effective up to pH 5.4 --Global use† --Nature-identical combination --Validated by COSMOS and NATRUE

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

7 Aromatics with Antimicrobial Properties

Growing consumer demand for multifunctional and nature-identical ingredients is giving rise to new product In addition, Conarom P-2 displays good formulation compatibility and does not impart color change on final brands and new personal care formulations. formulations. Addressing these trends, Ashland offers formulators with a range of solutions through its Conarom aromatic The naturally derived emulsifier systems and the contained booster can enhance moisturizing properties in product line, an effective solution containing naturally derived and nature-identical ingredients that add mild the final formulation. Conarom P-2 conforms to the relevent requirements for ecolabels such as Bra Miljoval flowery fragrance to personal care formulations and deliver broad antimicrobial protection as a secondary (Good environmental choice), Nordic Ecolabelling (Swan) and EU Ecolabel (Flower) 2014/893/EC. Conarom P effect. and Conarom P-2 aromatic are offering a gentle rose-like aroma that heightens the characteristic of the end products. Aromatic Range Main Antimicrobial Activity Profile Applications

Temp. During Trade Name Hair Care Skin Care Production Not to be Notes EMEA NA Leave- Rinse- Leave- Rinse- Wet Use (influenced used for (see

INCI Name Description/Form Non-Paraben Non-FA-Donor Non-Halogen Gram+/Gram- Bacteria Yeast Mold Features and Benefits on off on off Wipes Levels by matrix) pH (see p.15) p.15) Conarom B Conarom B Phenylpropanol, Humulus Nature-derived and x X X X X X --Mild flowery spicy fragrance, +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.2 – 2.0% Below 40°C 4-8 aromatic aromatic Lupulus (Hops) Extract nature-identical containing naturally derived fragrance additive and nature identical ingredients that provides broad-spectrum protection --Complements aroma of final product --Effective pH range 4 – 8

Conarom P Conarom P Phenethyl Alcohol (and) Nature-identical x x x x x x --Mild rose-like aroma +++ +++ ++ ++ + 0.3 - 2.0% Below 80°C 4-8 aromatic aromatic Caprylyl Glycol (and) fragrance additive in --Aromatic ingredient that Trideceth-8 glycolic solution provides broad-spectrum protection --Complements aroma of final product --Effective pH range 4 - 8

Conarom P-2 Conarom P-2 Phenethyl Alcohol (and) Nature-identical x x x x x x --Mild rose-like aroma, +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.3 - 2.0% Below 80°C 4-8 aromatic aromatic Caprylyl Glycol (and) fragrance additive containing naturally derived Propanediol (and) with naturally derived and nature identical ingredients Polyglyceryl-4 Laurate/ emulsifier system --Aromatic ingredient that Sebacate (and) provides broad-spectrum Polyglyceryl-6 Caprylate/ protection Caprate (and) Aqua (Water) --Complements aroma of final product --Effective pH range 4 - 8

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

9 Classic Preservatives

Tried and true, Ashland’s classic preservatives deliver efficient antimicrobial power to a wide variety of and Rokonsal preservative are compatible with many other cosmetic ingredients. Approved for use in most personal care products. Balanced, synergistic and boasting broad-spectrum protection, Germaben countries, the family of classic preservatives are effective at low doses and can be used to bolster other preservative, Germall preservative, Suttocide™ preservative, Liquagard™ preservative, LiquaPar™ preservative preservatives.

Classic Preservative Range

Main Antimicrobial Activity Profile Applications

OH O Germaben II Germaben II Propylene Glycol (and) Clear liquid H H x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.5 - 1.0% Below 60°C 3.0- 10 HO N N O OR

Germaben II-E Germaben II-E Diazolidinyl Urea (and) O N N OH R=CH3 gram-positive and gram- 7. 5

HO CH2-CH2-CH3 preservative preservative Methylparaben (and) OH O negative bacteria, Propylparaben yeast and mold --Effective over broad pH range 3.0 – 7.5

X X Ge r ma l l 115 Ge r ma l l 115 Imidazolidinyl Urea White, free- X x x x --Very effective against ++ ++ ++ ++ + 0.2 - 0.6% Below 60°C 3.0- 8 O preservative preservative flowing HN N X gram-positive and 9.0 C X O hygroscopic O N CH2 HN N gram-negative bacteria N C O X powder X O N --Acts synergistically with other N X O preservatives --Effective over broad pH range 3.0 – 9.0 --Global use†

Germall II Germall II Diazolidinyl Urea White, free- OH x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against ++ ++ ++ ++ + 0.1 - 0.3% Below 60°C 3.0- H H preservative preservative flowing HO N N O gram-positive and gram- 9.0 hygroscopic negative bacteria powder O N N OH --Synergistic with other

OH O preservatives --Effective over broad pH range 3.0 – 9.0

OH Germall Plus Germall Plus Diazolidinyl Urea White, free- H H x x x x --Broad-spectrum +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.05 - Below 50°C 3.0- 5, 6 d preservative preservative (and) Iodopropynyl flowing HO N N O antimicrobial activity 0.2% 8.0 O N N OH

OH Butylcarbamate hygroscopic I O --Effective over broad pH range powder 3.0 – 8.0 O

O N H Liquid Liquid Propylene Glycol Clear liquid x x x x --Broad-spectrum +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.1 - 0.5% Below 50°C 3.0- 5, 6 d Germall Plus Germall Plus (and) Diazolidinyl Urea antimicrobial activity 8.0

preservative preservative (and) Iodopropynyl I --Effective over broad pH range Butylcarbamate 3.0 – 8.0 O

O N H

Not available Liquagard Butylene Glycol Liquid I x x x x --Effective fungicide + ++ + ++ ++ 0.1 - 0.2% Below 50°C 4.0- 5, 6 d

preservative (and) Iodopropynyl HOCH2CH2CHCH2 --Works over wide pH 9.0 O Butylcarbamate OH range 4.0 – 9.0 O N H --Temperature stable --Compatible with broad range of raw materials including surfactants and proteins Optiphen MIT Optiphen MIT Aqua (Water) (and) Colorless x x x x --Effective against gram-positive – +++ – ++ – 0.05 - Below 70°C 2-10 1, 12 preservative preservative Methylisothiazolinone to yellowish O and gram-negative bacteria 0.1% solution --Effective between pH 2 and 10 N S --Global use†

Optiphen Optiphen Aqua (Water) (and) Colorless x x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against – +++ – +++ – 0.05 - Below 70°C 2-10 1, 12

MIT Plus MIT Plus Methylisothiazolinone to yellowish OH bacteria, yeast and mold 0.2% O O O preservative preservative (and) Phenethyl Alcohol solution S N OH --Effective between pH 2 and 10 (and) PPG-2 Methyl Ether --Global use†

Optiphen Optiphen Aqua (Water) (and) Colorless x x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against – +++ – +++ – 0.05 - Below 70°C 2-10 1, 12 OH MIT Ultra MIT Ultra Methylisothiazolinone to yellowish O bacteria, yeast and mold 0.3% preservative preservative (and) Phenylpropanol solution S N --Effective between pH 2 and 10 CH CHCH OH 3 2 † (and) Propylene Glycol OH --Global use

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

11 Classic Preservative Range Main Antimicrobial Activity Profile Applications Temp. Trade Name Hair Care Skin Care During Production Not to be Notes EMEA NA Description/ Leave- Rinse- Leave- Rinse- Wet Use (influenced used for (see Non-Paraben Non-Paraben Non-FA-Donor Non-Halogen INCI Name Form Structure Gram+/ Gram- Bacteria Yeast Mold Features and Benefits on off on off Wipes Levels by matrix) pH (see p.15) p.15)

OH LiquaPar ME Not available Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear, O x x x x x HO OH --Provides similar efficiency to preservative Methylparaben (and) yellowish traditional paraben combinations

Ethylparaben (and) solution OO O CH3 --Effective over broad pH range +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.3 - 1.0% Below 85°C 3. 0 -7. 5 e Caprylyl Glycol O HO 3.0 – 7.5 † OH --Global use

Isopropylparaben (and) Clear liquid O x x x x x --Solvent-free

Isobutylparaben (and) OR --Effective against gram-positive

Butylparaben R=CH(CH3)2 bacteria, yeast and mold ++ ++ ++ ++ – 0.4 - 0.8% Below 85°C 3. 0 -7. 5 11 e (CH2)3CH3 --Effective over broad pH range HO CH CH(CH ) 2 3 2 3.0 – 7.5

O LiquaPar LiquaPar Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear liquid OH O R=CH3 x x x x x CH(CH ) --Broad-spectrum activity against Optima Optima Methylparaben (and) OR 3 2 CH2CH(CH3)2 bacteria, yeast and mold preservative preservative Isopropylparaben (and) (CH2)3CH3 ++ ++ ++ ++ – 0.5 - 1.0% Below 85°C 3. 0 -7. 5 11 e HO --Effective over broad pH range Isobutylparaben (and) 3.0 – 7.5 Butylparaben

LiquaPar PE LiquaPar PE Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear liquid O x x x x x R --Broad-spectrum activity against preservative preservative Isopropylparaben (and) O O OH bacteria, yeast and mold Isobutylparaben (and) ++ ++ ++ ++ – 0.5 - 1.0% Below 85°C 3. 0 -7. 5 11 e HO --Effective over broad pH range

Butylparaben R= CH(CH3)2 (CH ) CH 2 3 3 3.0 – 7.5 CH2CH(CH3)2

Rokonsal J Not available Phenoxyethanol Liquid I x x x x --Effective fungicide preservative (and) Iodopropynyl --Works over wide pH range 4.0 – 9.0 O O Butylcarbamate OH --Temperature stable 0.05 - O N + ++ + ++ ++ Below 80°C 4.0-9.0 5, 6 d H --Compatible with broad range 0.25% of raw materials including surfactants and proteins

Me Rokonsal KS-4 Not available Propylene Glycol (and) Clear, Cl S x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against OH N N O preservative Benzyl Alcohol (and) yellowish S bacteria, yeast and mold O Methylchloroisothiazolinone solution --Fast-acting – ++ – ++ – 0.05 - 0.12% Below 40°C 8 max. 1, 7, 12 (and) Methylisothiazolinone --Effective up to pH 8 max. --Global use†

-O O I + Rokonsal LJ-1 Not available Benzyl Alcohol (and) Light yellow N OH x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against OH preservative 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane- to light brown Br O bacteria, with enhanced O N 1,3-Diol (and) Iodopropynyl solution HO H performance against fungi and Butylcarbamate (and) yeast +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.1 - 0.4% Below 40°C 7 max. 5, 6 d, f Deceth-8 (and) PPG-2 --Fast-acting Methyl Ether --Effective up to pH 7 max. --Global use†

O Rokonsal MEP LiquaPar MEP Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear, OH x x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against preservative preservative Methylparaben (and) yellowish bacteria, yeast and mold Ethylparaben (and) solution O --Effective over broad pH range +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.3 - 1.0% Below 85°C 3. 0 -7. 5 10 e Propylparaben OR 3.0 – 7.5 R=CH 3 † CH2-CH3 --Global use HO CH2-CH2-CH3

Rokonsal PB-4 LiquaPar PN Phenoxyethanol (and) Clear liquid O X X X X X --Broad-spectrum activity against O OH OR preservative preservative Methylparaben (and) R=CH3 bacteria, yeast and mold CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2CH3 Ethylparaben (and) HO (CH2)3CH3 --Effective over broad pH range ++ ++ ++ ++ + 0.5 - 1.0% Below 85°C 3. 0 -7. 5 10 e Propylparaben (and) 3.0 – 7.5 Butylparaben --Global use† Rokonsal S-1 LiquaGard S-1 Methylchloroisothiazolinone Colorless to O O x x x x x --Broad-spectrum of activity 0.03 - preservative preservative (and) Methylisothiazolinone yellow solution N N --Fast-acting at low use-levels – ++ – ++ – Below 40°C 8 max. 1, 7, 12 CH3 CI 0.1% S S --Global use†

-O O Rokonsal SE-2 Not available 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane- Clear, yellow + x x x x --Broad-spectrum activity against N OH O preservative 1,3-Diol (and) Ethylparaben to brown Br O bacteria, fungi and yeast (and)Cetrimonium Bromide solution HO --Fast-acting +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ 0.1 - 0.3% Below 40°C 7 max. f HO (and) PPG-2 Methyl Ether + --Effective up to pH 7 max. - N Br

Suttocide A Suttocide A Sodium Clear to pale O x x x x x --Broad-spectrum preservation ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0.5 - 1.0% Below 60oC 3.5-12.0 g H preservative preservative Hydroxymethylglycinate yellow solution C O- Na+ --Long history of use for efficacy H C --Fast-acting

HN OH --Effective pH 3.5 – 12.0 C HH

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

13 Preservative Boosters

Diols can influence the overall microbial stability due to their water binding properties. They are widely used in skin care, hair care, wet wipes, toiletries and color cosmetics. With their moisturizing and solubilizing properties they are considered to be multifunctional. Their neutral smell and wide pH tolerance makes them suitable for many applications. In emulsions the Diols should be added at the post-emulsification stage, to enhance their availability at the water/oil interface.

Preservative Booster Range

Applications

Trade Name Hair Care Skin Care Temp. During Production EMEA NA Description/ Leave- Rinse- Leave- Rinse- Wet Use (influenced by Not to be used for Notes INCI Name Form Structure Features and Benefits on off on off Wipes Levels matrix) pH (see p.15) (see p.15) Optiphen OD Optiphen Caprylyl Glycol Liquid to waxy --Moisturizing agent +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.3 - 2% Below 80°C 2-10 preservative OD OH --Solvent for active ingredients booster preservative OH --Humectant booster --Preservative booster

Optiphen HD Optiphen 1,2-Hexanediol Liquid --Moisturizing agent +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 0.5 - 3% Below 80°C 2-10 preservative HD OH --Solvent for active ingredients booster preservative OH --Humectant booster --Preservative booster

+++ highly recommended, ++ recommended, + suitable, - not recommended

As of April 2017, the information presented here is accurate and factual to the best of our knowledge, based on available data. † For country-specific details, please contact your technical service representative. 1 Japan: Not permitted in products that come into contact with mucous membranes. 2 In products with pH higher than 5.4. 3 In products with pH higher than 6.4. 4 E.U.: Not for use in aerosols. 5 E.U.: Not for oral hygiene and lip care products; Not to be used in products for children < 3 years except in bath products/shower gels and shampoos; Not to be used in body lotion and body cream. 6 U.S. and Japan: Not for use in aerosols. 7 Japan: Not permitted in leave-on products. 8 Japan: Not permitted in products that come into contact with mucous membranes. Required warning: Should not be used by infants or by people who are hypersensitive to formaldehyde. 9 In products with pH higher than 6. 10 E.U.: Not to be used in leave-on products designed for application to the nappy area of children younger than 3 years. For leave-on products not intended to be applied to the nappy area of children younger than 3 years, required warning “Do not use on the nappy area”. 11 E.U.: Not permitted due to isopropylparaben and isobutylparaben content. 12 E.U.: Approved only for rinse-off products.

a Nonionic surfactants might decrease efficacy. b Enhanced efficacy compared to Optiphen in slightly acidic products. c The ingredients contained fulfill recommendations for use in Natural Cosmetic Products like BDIH, COSMOS, NATRUE and ECOCERT. d E.U.: Approved concentrations for specific applications should be verified. e Proteins, nonionic and highly ethoxylated surfactants might decrease efficiency. f Do not formulate with DEA-salts (secondary amines and amides) or triethanolamine, nitrosamine formation might occur. g Avoid cationics and citrus perfumes. Citrus perfumes may lead to discoloration. FA = Formaldehyde

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