Land Adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Assessment Planning Application number P/2017/0200 (Powys)

Report by: Trysor

For: Roger Parry & Partners

June 2017

Land Adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Assessment Planning Application number P/2017/0200 (Powys)

By

Jenny Hall, MCIfA & Paul Sambrook, MCIfA Trysor

Trysor Project No. 2017/561

For: Roger Parry & Partners

June 2017

38, New Road Gwaun-cae-Gurwen Ammanford Carmarthenshire SA18 1UN www.trysor.net [email protected]

Cover photograph: Looking south southwest along the development area from the northeastern end. Land Adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Assessment Planning Application number (P/2017/0200)

RHIF YR ADRODDIAD - REPORT NUMBER: Trysor 2017/561

DYDDIAD 8fed Mehefin 2017 DATE 8th June 2017

Paratowyd yr adroddiad hwn gan bartneriad Trysor. Mae wedi ei gael yn gywir ac yn derbyn ein sêl bendith.

This report was prepared by the Trysor partners. It has been checked and received our approval.

JENNY HALL MCIfA Jenny Hall

PAUL SAMBROOK MCIfA Paul Sambrook

Croesawn unrhyw sylwadau ar gynnwys neu strwythur yr adroddiad hwn.

We welcome any comments on the content or structure of this report.

38, New Road, 82, Henfaes Road Gwaun-cae-Gurwen Tonna Ammanford Neath Carmarthenshire SA11 3EX SA18 1UN 01639 412708 01269 826397

www.trysor.net [email protected]

Trysor is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists and both partners are Members of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, www.archaeologists.net

Jenny Hall (BSc Joint Hons., Geology and Archaeology, MCIfA) had 12 years excavation experience, which included undertaking watching briefs prior to becoming the Sites and Monuments Record Manager for a Welsh Archaeological Trust for 10 years. She has been an independent archaeologist since 2004 undertaking a variety of work that includes upland survey, desk-based appraisals and assessments, and watching briefs.

Paul Sambrook (BA Joint Hons., Archaeology and Welsh, MCIfA, PGCE) has extensive experience as a fieldworker in Wales. He was involved with Cadw’s pan-Wales Deserted Rural Settlements Project for 7 years. He also undertook Tir Gofal field survey work and watching briefs. He has been an independent archaeologist since 2004 undertaking a variety of work including upland survey, desk-based appraisals/assessments, and watching briefs.

Contents

1. Summary 1

2. Copyright 2

3. Introduction 2

4. The Development 4

5. Methodology 4

6. The Development Site 5

7. Archaeological Overview 6

8. Historical Overview 7

9. Data Collation 9

10. Assessment of Significance 10

11. Assessment of Impact 14

12. Conclusion 23

13. Reporting 23

14. References 24

15. Reliability and limitations of sources 25

Appendix A: Specification for historic environment assessment 31

Appendix B: Gazetteer of historic assets within 1 kilometre 38

Appendix C: Photographs 83

Appendix D: Client’s Plan of Development 95 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 1. Summary 1.1 This historic environment assessment has been undertaken by Trysor to examine likely impacts on the historic environment from a proposed development on land adjacent to Llys Awel, on the north side of Pool Road to the northeast Llanfair Caereinion, Powys, outline planning application P/2017/0200 (Powys).

1.2 A site visit was undertaken by Trysor to examine the location of the development. Information was also gathered on the indirect, visual impacts on historic assets within the wider landscape, and their setting.

1.3 The walk-over survey of the development area provided no evidence of buried archaeological features at the proposed development site which occupies one pasture field and part of another one.

1.4 The assessment studied the direct and indirect impacts on all recorded historic assets within an area measuring 1 kilometre in radius, focused on SJ1061006910, the centre of the development. The Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record and data from RCAHMW and Cadw was consulted. Historical mapping was also consulted as well as aerial photographs and LiDAR.

1.5 There is one Scheduled Monument within a 1km radius of the development, namely the Tan Llan Enclosure (ID number 4, MG203). The impact on this historic asset would be Neutral, or Low to Moderate Negative depending from where the development was viewed from. Mitigation in the form of maintaining the current mature hedgerow, along the upper, northwestern side the development, and allowing two or three deciduous trees to develop, would reduce this to Very Low to Low Negative on its setting, which would not affect the significance of the scheduled historic asset.

1.6 There are 15 Listed Buildings within a 1km radius of the development. There would be a Very Low Negative indirect impact on four of these, but no impact on their setting, and therefore no impact on their significance.

1.7 There are no Registered Parks & Gardens within the 1km radius.

1.8 The development site does not lie within a Registered Historic Landscape.

1.9 There would be no significant impacts on any other recorded historic assets within the 1km radius assessment area.

1.10 There is no physical, documentary, cartographic or aerial photographic evidence to suggest that the proposed development site has potential for further buried archaeology. No archaeological mitigation is thought necessary in associated with this development.

1 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

2. Copyright 2.1 Trysor holds the copyright of this report. Further copies may be made of this report without gaining permission to reproduce but it must be noted that Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 include other copyrighted material and should not be copied.

3. Introduction 3.1 Roger Parry & Partners LLP, The Estates Office, 20 Salop Road, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY11 2NU commissioned Trysor heritage consultants, on behalf of their client, to undertake an historic environment desk-based assessment for a residential development on land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys, see Figure 1.

3.2 An outline planning application has been submitted, P/2017/0200 (Powys).

2 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Figure 1: Location of the proposed development, showing the 1km radius assessment area.

3 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 4. The development 4.1 It is proposed that a residential development of 42 dwellings of various sizes, as well as new access roads and associated works, is developed in two fields to the north of the A458 as it enters Llanfair Caereinion from the northeast, see Appendix D for development plan.

5. Methodology 5.1 The desk-based assessment considered known historic assets within a 1 km radius circle centred on SJ1061006910, the centre of the proposed development (see Figure 1). This has helped develop an understanding of the archaeology and landscape of the surrounding area as well as assess any direct or indirect impacts, including impact on setting. Historic assets have been given an ID number for the purposes of this report, other reference numbers, such as regional HER PRNs are cross referenced in Appendix B.

5.2 Data from the regional Historic Environment Record held by Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust was acquired for the 1 kilometre assessment. Data on designated historic assets was supplied by Cadw.

5.3 Historic mapping was consulted. The maps used included the early 19th century Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings, as well as late 19th and 20th century 1:2500 scale Ordnance Survey mapping and the parish tithe map.

5.4 A site visit was made by Trysor to the development site, and the surrounding area, on May 16th, 2017. Visible archaeological features within the area that would be directly affected by the development were searched for and any other historic assets on which there may be a direct impact recorded. The wider landscape was studied taking note of topography, vegetation and structures and the impact on the setting and therefore the significance of historic assets (Cadw, 2017).

5.5 Aerial photographs on Google Earth, dating to 2006 and 2009 were used to inform the assessment as well as aerial photographs from 1969 and 2013 available from the Welsh Government Aerial photographic unit online. LiDAR data of 2 metre resolution was available for most of the assessment area.

5.6 Modern mapping was used to assess current public access.

5.7 All information gathered during the desktop assessment and site visit was entered into a bespoke database created in Access 2003 to form an assessment dataset.

5.8 The final dataset is the source of the material output in this report, including the GIS mapping which illustrates the location of historic assets in the area, and the tables and appendices which provide detailed information on the historic assets within the study area.

4 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

5.9 Each of the records in the final assessment 1 kilometre dataset was assessed for Period, Rarity, Documentation, Group Value1, as well as Evidential Value, Historical Value, Aesthetic Value, Communal Value2 and Setting. Once these had been considered the significance of each historic asset was determined and scored in accordance with the categories adopted by the Welsh Archaeological Trusts i.e. Nationally Important, Regionally Important, Locally Important, Minor and Features Needing Further Investigation (Unknown), see Figure 4. Full details of this exercise are given in Appendix B.

5.10 The Direct and Indirect impact on each historic asset was assessed taking into account both physical and non-physical impacts. Each impact was assessed as to whether it was Positive, Negative or Neutral, and the level of impact within the scale Very Low, Low, Moderate, High and Very High, taken into account the significance of the historic asset and the nature of the impact.

6. The Development Site 6.1 The proposed development site is underlain by Silurian mudstone of the Nantglyn Flags Formation. These were laid down in deep sea conditions between 419 and 428 million years ago. The superficial deposits are glacial tills deposited during the last Ice Age.

6.2 The development site is located in two adjacent pasture fields at the northern edge of the town of Llanfair Caereinion. The site is to the western side of the Banwy Valley, alongside Pool Road, which enters the town from the northeast. The fields form a wedge-shaped strip alongside Pool Road, with level ground along the roadside, rising steeply to the northwest up to their northwestern boundary. The fields are defined by hedges, with mature hedgerow trees along the upper boundary.

1 Period, Rarity, Documentation and Group Value are criteria defined in the Welsh Office Circular 60/96, 1996. 2 Evidential Value, Historical Value, Aesthetic Value and Communal Value are criteria defined in Cadw’s Conservation Principles publication, 2011. 5 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 7. Archaeological Overview

7.1 Early Prehistory (250,000BC – 800BC). 7.1.1 There are no records of artefacts or historic assets associated with the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic or the Bronze Age recorded within a 1km radius of the proposed development site.

7.2 Iron Age (800 BC – AD70) & Roman Period (AD70 – AD410). 7.2.1 Although finds of Roman pottery and a Roman coin hoard have been reported from within the parish of Llanfair Caereinion (RCAHMW, 1910, Montgomeryshire Inventory entries 419 and 445 respectively), there is scant artefact evidence of activity during the Iron Age or Roman periods within the 1km assessment area. Part of a Romano-British brooch, dating to the 1st or 2nd century AD, was found at the proposed development site in 2009, downslope from the Tan Llan Enclosure. This brooch probably dates to the late 1st or 2nd century AD. The proximity of the findspot to the enclosure may be fortuitous and no further evidence was found in the field. Collectively, these finds are an indication of the spread of Roman culture into this part of Wales during by the 2nd century AD.

7.2.2 Only a single monument thought to be of Iron Age or Roman date is recorded within the 1km assessment area. This is the Tan Llan Defended Enclosure (ID number 4), which lies adjacent to the proposed development site. The site is very denuded and not a prominent landscape feature, but cropmarks revealed on aerial photographs suggest that it was a small enclosure, perhaps a defended farmstead, protected by at least three concentric rings of defences, although these do not appear to have included substantial earthworks. The enclosure appears to have been positioned at the top of a steep slope to the western side of the valley from where there is an excellent view to the northeast along the Banwy valley.

7.3 Early Medieval (AD410–AD1100) & Medieval (AD1100–AD1539) 7.3.1 There is no firm evidence of the transition from Roman society to Early Medieval society in this district. The Early Medieval period is known as “The Age of the Saints” in Welsh tradition and the spread of Christianity from the Roman world into the British Isles has been one of the most enduring legacies of Roman rule. The presence of the parish church (ID number 17) and a holy well (ID number 1) in Llanfair Caereinion are echoes of this influence, although both are of much later date. St Mary’s parish church (ID number 17) retains features of 14th and 15th century date, but it is possible that the medieval church was built on the site of an earlier church. Whether the origins of Christian worship at the site extend back into Early Medieval times is not known. The church is, nevertheless, a tangible link to the medieval period, as is the nearby holy well known as Ffynnon Fair or Ffynnon yr Eglwys (ID number 1). During medieval times there was a widespread belief that the waters of

6 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 holy wells, which were associated with the cults of various saints, had curative or holy properties. The natural spring at Ffynnon Fair had been enclosed with a low wall, with steps leading to the water-filled hollow of the spring to allow access to those wishing to take water. Locally, some belief in the curative properties of the well survived into the 20th century and in recent times the wall and well have been restored and steps from the churchyard created to allow access to the waters once more.

7.4 Post Medieval & Industrial (AD1539 – present day). 7.4.1 Most of the historic assets recorded within a 1km radius of the proposed development site date to the Post Medieval period and are associated with the economic, social and religious life of Llanfair Caereinion town. They include houses, chapels, schools, mills, civic and commercial premises in the town. Some records are also for features associated with local transport history, including the line of the Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway (ID number 31), which passes close to the proposed development site to reach its terminus at the northern side of the town.

8. Historical overview 8.1 The proposed development site is located on land that has formed part of Tanllan farm in modern times.

8.2 At the time of the parish tithe map of 1842, however, the field in question (numbered as parcels 1162 and 1164 on the tithe map) were owned by the Earl of Powis (Powis Castle Estate) but rented by Evan Jones of nearby Tanllan farm. Both fields were used as arable land at the time of the tithe survey.

8.2.1 Field parcel 1162 was named as Cae yr Bont on the parish tithe schedule, presumably because it is close to Llanfair Bridge, which crosses the Afon Banwy into Llanfair Caereinion town. Field parcel 1164 was named as Cae yr Sgubor. The Sgubor (barn) element referring to a field barn that stood in the northernmost corner of the field. This barn disappeared during the 20th century and no trace of it now remains. It lies outside the area of the proposed development.

8.3 The two fields shown on the parish map are still shown, unchanged, on the 1886 and 1902 1:2500 scale Ordnance Survey Maps. By the time of the 1976 edition of the 1:2500 map, a house and garden known as Maesteg had appeared across the boundary between the two fields. A house name Cartref had also appeared at the southwestern side of the southern field, also within its own garden plot. These developments occurred as part of the expansion of Llanfair Caereinion to the northern side of the Afon Banwy from the late 19th century onwards, which began with the appearance of the County School adjacent to the development site by 1902, now the site of the town’s primary school.

7 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Figure 2; An excerpt from the 1829 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings (Meifod Sheet) with the approximate location of the proposed development area shaded in green.

Figure 3; An excerpt from the Llanfair Caereinion parish tithe map of 1840. The proposed development site includes most of the field parcels 1162 and 1164.

8 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

9. Data Collation 9.1 The CPAT HER enquiry for the 1km radius assessment area yielded 49 records for historic assets.

9.2 Out of the 49 records, seven were removed from the project dataset; 4 were duplicates records, 1 had an inaccurate grid reference and actually lay outside the study area, 1 was for a bell within the church and did not need to be considered separately on this occasion and 1was for a conservation area so not an historic asset and dealt with separately in this report. For fuller details see Section 15.

9.3 No new records were created in the project database by Trysor for this project.

9.4 After the site visit, the historic map search, and the rapid assessment of the readily available data the final dataset for the 1km radius assessment area contained 42 records for historic assets.

9 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 10. Assessment of Significance 10.1 The significance of each historic asset was determined and scored in accordance with the categories adopted by the Welsh Archaeological Trusts i.e. Nationally Important, Regionally Important, Locally Important, Minor and Features Needing Further Investigation (Unknown), see Figure 4. Full details of the results of this exercise are given in Appendix B.

10.2 Within the 42 records there was one Scheduled Monument and fifteen Listed Buildings.

Table 1: Significance of assessed historic assets Status of ID Historic Asset Name Significance Historic Number Asset TAN LLAN ENCLOSURE Nationally Important Scheduled 4 Monument LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 6 BRIDGE STREET OLD BANK HOUSE LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 7 HIGH STREET 'THE GOAT HOTEL' LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 8 NEUADD LANE MAES-Y- NEUADD LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building BRIDGE STREET, MORIAH 9 EGLWYS PRESBYTERAIDD CYMRU LLANFAIR CAEREINION Nationally Important Listed Building 17 CHURCH (ST MARY) LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 18 `TWIST'S SHOEMAKER'S' LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 19 'NEUADD-LWYD' LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 20 TELEPHONE BOX LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 21 BROAD STREET WYNNSTAY ARMS HOTEL LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 22 PARSONS BANK, THE VICARAGE LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 23 BRIDGE STREET, BRYNLLYS

10 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Status of ID Historic Asset Name Significance Historic Number Asset LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 24 BRIDGE STREET, GLENFERN LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 25 BRIDGE STREET VICTORIA HOUSE LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Nationally Important Listed Building 26 BRIDGE STREET LLANFAIR CAEREINION PUBLIC HALL MORIAH EGLWYS Nationally Important Listed Building 27 PRESBYTERAIDD CYMRU, RAILINGS AND GATES WELSHPOOL AND Regionally Important 31 LLANFAIR LIGHT RAILWAY LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Regionally Important 35 HIGH STREET, THE OLD COURT HOUSE LLANFAIR CAEREINION Locally Important 1 CHURCH (ST MARY) 'FFYNNON FAIR WELL' LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 2 SCHOOL LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 3 WOOLLEN FACTORY LLANFAIR CAEREINION Locally Important 10 CHURCH (ST MARY), YARD LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 11 OLD MILL HOUSE LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 12 COACH HOUSE 15 LLANFAIR CAEREINION Locally Important LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 28 TRUMPET BROOCH LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 30 ZION CHAPEL LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 36 BRITISH SCHOOL LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 38 BETHESDA METHODIST CHAPEL LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 39 BAPIST CHAPEL LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 40 EBENEZER CHAPEL

11 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Status of ID Historic Asset Name Significance Historic Number Asset LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Locally Important 41 THE BLACK LION INN TAN Y BRYN RIDGE AND Minor Importance 5 FURROW LLANFAIR CAEREINION Minor Importance 13 RIDGE AND FURROW LLANFAIR CAEREINION Minor Importance 14 MILLPOND 16 PEAR TREE TRACKWAY Minor Importance BRYNTIRION RIDGE AND Minor Importance 29 FURROW LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Minor Importance 32 LLANFAIR SAWMILLS EITHINOG HALL FORMER Minor Importance 33 PARKLAND LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Minor Importance 37 OLD QUARRY 34 MOUNT FARM, BUILDING I Unknown LLANFAIR CAEREINION, Unknown 42 MOUNT ROAD, ROAD SURFACE

12 LandLand adjacentadjacent toto LlysLlys Awel,Awel, PoolPool Road,Road, LlanfairLlanfair Caereinion,Caereinion, PowysPowys HistoricHistoric EnvironmentEnvironment Desk-basedDesk-based Assessment,Assessment, OutlineOutline PlanningPlanning ApplicationApplication P2017/0200P2017/0200

55

1919

3333

3232

44

3131 2828 88 1111 1010 1111 1010 3939 11 33 1212 33 1414 22 2626 1717 3737 3737  2222 3838 4040  1616 4040  1515          2424   Proposed development area 3535       4141  1km assessment area 2020  4242 77 3636 Significance of Historic assets 1818   2525 Locally Important 2121 3434 2121 2323 3434 Minor Importance 66 Nationally Important 1313 3030 Regionally Important 99 2727 Unknown

Ancient and Semi Natural Woodland 2929  Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site OrdnanceOrdnance SurveySurvey ©© CrownCrown CopyrightCopyright 2015.2015. AllAll rightsrights reserved.reserved. LicenceLicence numbernumber 100022432100022432 Figure 4: The 1km assessment area showing significance of historic assets, labelled with Project ID number 1313 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 11. Assessment of Impact 11.1 The Direct and Indirect impact on each historic asset was assessed taking into account both physical and non-physical impacts, and whether the impact was Positive, Negative or Neutral. Each impact was assessed within the scale Very Low, Low, Moderate, High and Very High, taken into account the significance of the historic asset and the nature of the impact. A full table is found in Appendix B but a summary is tabulated in Table 2 below and illustrated in Figure 5.

Table 2: Impact on assessed historic assets within the 1km assessment area Level of Level of Level of ID Historic Asset Historic Asset Impact Direct Indirect Number Name Type on Impact Impact Setting TAN LLAN DEFENDED Neutral Low- Low- 4 ENCLOSURE ENCLOSURE Moderate Moderate (POSSIBLE) Negative Negative WELSHPOOL AND RAILWAY Neutral Low Low 31 LLANFAIR LIGHT Negative Negative RAILWAY LLANFAIR HOTEL Neutral Very Low Neutral CAEREINION, HIGH Negative 7 STREET 'THE GOAT HOTEL' LLANFAIR CHURCHYARD Neutral Very Low Neutral CAEREINION Negative 10 CHURCH (ST MARY), YARD LLANFAIR SETTLEMENT Neutral Very Low Neutral 15 CAEREINION Negative LLANFAIR CHURCH Neutral Very Low Neutral 17 CAEREINION Negative CHURCH (ST MARY) LLANFAIR TELEPHONE KIOSK Neutral Very Low Neutral 20 CAEREINION, Negative TELEPHONE BOX LLANFAIR VICARAGE Neutral Very Low Neutral CAEREINION, Negative 22 PARSONS BANK, THE VICARAGE LLANFAIR HOLY WELL;WELL Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION 1 CHURCH (ST MARY) 'FFYNNON FAIR WELL' LLANFAIR SCHOOL; Neutral Neutral Neutral 2 CAEREINION, CHURCH HALL SCHOOL LLANFAIR WOOLLEN Neutral Neutral Neutral 3 CAEREINION, FACTORY WOOLLEN FACTORY

14 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Level of Level of Level of ID Historic Asset Historic Asset Impact Direct Indirect Number Name Type on Impact Impact Setting TAN Y BRYN RIDGE RIDGE AND Neutral Neutral Neutral 5 AND FURROW FURROW (POSSIBLE) LLANFAIR HOUSE Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 6 BRIDGE STREET OLD BANK HOUSE LLANFAIR MANSE Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 8 NEUADD LANE MAES-Y-NEUADD LLANFAIR CHAPEL Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET, 9 MORIAH EGLWYS PRESBYTERAIDD CYMRU LLANFAIR HOUSE; Neutral Neutral Neutral 11 CAEREINION, OLD CORN MILL MILL HOUSE LLANFAIR HOUSE Neutral Neutral Neutral 12 CAEREINION, COACH HOUSE LLANFAIR RIDGE AND Neutral Neutral Neutral 13 CAEREINION RIDGE FURROW AND FURROW LLANFAIR MILL POND Neutral Neutral Neutral 14 CAEREINION MILLPOND PEAR TREE TRACKWAY Neutral Neutral Neutral 16 TRACKWAY LLANFAIR HOUSE Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 18 `TWIST'S SHOEMAKER'S' LLANFAIR HOUSE Neutral Neutral Neutral 19 CAEREINION, 'NEUADD-LWYD' LLANFAIR INN Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 21 BROAD STREET WYNNSTAY ARMS HOTEL LLANFAIR HOUSE Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 23 BRIDGE STREET, BRYNLLYS

15 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Level of Level of Level of ID Historic Asset Historic Asset Impact Direct Indirect Number Name Type on Impact Impact Setting LLANFAIR BUILDING Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 24 BRIDGE STREET, GLENFERN LLANFAIR BUILDING Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 25 BRIDGE STREET VICTORIA HOUSE LLANFAIR PUBLIC HALL Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET 26 LLANFAIR CAEREINION PUBLIC HALL MORIAH EGLWYS RAILINGS; Neutral Neutral Neutral PRESBYTERAIDD GATE PIERS 27 CYMRU, RAILINGS AND GATES LLANFAIR FIND Neutral Neutral Neutral 28 CAEREINION, TRUMPET BROOCH BRYNTIRION RIDGE RIDGE AND Neutral Neutral Neutral 29 AND FURROW FURROW LLANFAIR NONCONFORMIST Neutral Neutral Neutral 30 CAEREINION, ZION CHAPEL CHAPEL LLANFAIR SAW MILL Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 32 LLANFAIR SAWMILLS EITHINOG HALL PARKLAND Neutral Neutral Neutral 33 FORMER PARKLAND MOUNT FARM, BUILDING Neutral Neutral Neutral 34 BUILDING I LLANFAIR POLICE Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, HIGH STATION;COURT 35 STREET, THE OLD COURT HOUSE LLANFAIR SCHOOL Neutral Neutral Neutral 36 CAEREINION, BRITISH SCHOOL LLANFAIR QUARRY Neutral Neutral Neutral 37 CAEREINION, OLD QUARRY LLANFAIR CHAPEL Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 38 BETHESDA METHODIST CHAPEL

16 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Level of Level of Level of ID Historic Asset Historic Asset Impact Direct Indirect Number Name Type on Impact Impact Setting LLANFAIR CHAPEL Neutral Neutral Neutral 39 CAEREINION, BAPIST CHAPEL LLANFAIR CHAPEL Neutral Neutral Neutral 40 CAEREINION, EBENEZER CHAPEL LLANFAIR PUBLIC HOUSE Neutral Neutral Neutral 41 CAEREINION, THE BLACK LION INN LLANFAIR ROAD Neutral Neutral Neutral CAEREINION, 42 MOUNT ROAD, ROAD SURFACE

11.2 Table 2 shows that most recorded historic assets within the 1km assessment area would not be exposed to any significant impact from the development. Full details of the assessment of direct and indirect impact for each of the historic assets in Table 2 can be found in Appendix B.

11.2.1 Thirty four historic assets would be unaffected by the development.

11.2.2 Six historic assets would experience a Very Low Negative, indirect, visual impact but no impact on their setting and therefore no impact on their significance. These are all within the settlement of Llanfair Caereinon where topography and the built urban landscape, including several areas of recent development, blocks most views of the development site.

11.2.3 One historic asset would experience a Low Negative, indirect, visual impact but impact on its setting would be neutral and therefore there would be no impact on its significance.

11.2.4 One historic asset (ID number 4, Tan Llan Enclosure, a Scheduled Monument), would experience no Direct impact, but a Low to Moderate Negative, indirect, visual impact and Low to Moderate Negative impact on setting.

11.3 There is one Scheduled Monument within 1km of the development area, see 11.2.4 above for impacts.

11.4 There are 15 Listed Buildings within the 1km assessment area. There would be a Very Low Negative, indirect, visual impact on four of these but no impact on their setting and therefore no impact on their significance, see Table 2, Appendix B and Figures 4 & 5.

17 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 11.5 There are no Registered Historic Parks and Gardens within the 1km assessment area.

11.6 There are no World Heritage sites within the 1km assessment area.

11.7 The development site does not lie within a registered Historic Landscape.

11.8 The proposed development would stand in the Middle Banwy / Upper Rhiw LANDMAP Historic Landscape Aspect Area (MNTGMHL433), see Figure 6, which is described as; “Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating land in the Llanfair Caereinion area, in the valleys of the middle Banwy and upper Rhiw and on the surrounding valley sides and low hilltops. Blocks of 20th-century conifer plantation in the northern part of the area, with some residual ancient broadleaved woodland in steep-sided stream valleys. The more irregular field patterns appear to represent early piecemeal clearance and enclosure from medieval and earlier times whilst areas of more regular, straight-sided fields appear to represent late 18th and 19th-century enclosure of former commons. Early settlement and land use is indicated by sparse Neolithic to Bronze Age burial and ritual monuments and by later prehistoric small hillforts as at Pen-y-Coed, Pen-y-Castell, Ffrith Mathrafal, Bryn-y-Saethau small defended farmsteads of Iron Age to Roman date. The Roman road running north of Caersws to the forts at Llanfor crosses the area. Small nucleated church settlements of probably medieval or earlier origin at Castle Caereinion, Tregynon, Llanwyddelan and Llanllugan, the latter also associated with a medieval Cistercian nunnery. Dispersed farms and cottages of medieval and later origin. The extant early 20th-century Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway runs through the area.”

11.8.1 The overall evaluation of this aspect area is High and the justification is given as “Extensive area of irregular fields and some sinuous woodland occupying archetypal rolling Montgomeryshire hill land. Dominated by medieval and later agriculture with numerous farms and houses, a number of medieval (or possibly earlier) settlements with churches, but also a number of Bronze Age barrows and standing stones and Iron Age hillforts and enclosures. The complex content contributes to its scores.”

11.8.2 Should the proposed development be permitted, it would be expected that LANDMAP would be amended in future, through a review process, to move the developed area into the adjacent Llanfair Caereinion aspect area, which has a Moderate overall evaluation.

11.9 The development area would stand in the River Valleys LANDMAP Cultural Landscape Aspect Area (MNTGMCL044), see Figure 7, which is described thus; “These eastward-trending river valleys dominate the landscape of Montgomeryshire. Their streams mostly flow from Pumlumon, Berwyn and lesser ranges. They are variously broad or steepsided (or both) and contain most of the historic settlements in the

18 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 middle and north of the Study Area as a result of being the most convenient terrain for communications routes (except those in such Aspect Areas as MONTSCL001 - River Severn; MONTSCL003 - Vyrnwy River Valley; MONTSCL015 - Tanat Valley; MONTSCL016 - Clywedog Valley). They are chosen as a single Aspect Area not because of the similarity of their topography (which differs markedly) but because of the evidence of long-term settlement and exploitation of the adjacent terrain caused by topography. Without exception, each displays more than average aesthetic qualities. Many of the settlements within them have been selected as Aspect Areas in their own right - and these valleys provide the wider cultural context for them.”

11.9.1 The overall evaluation of this aspect area is High and the justification is given as “High as typifying the cultural variety in the river valley landscapes of the middle and northern parts of the Study Area”

11.10 The Llanfair Caereinion Conservation Area falls within the 1km study area. There will be views of a limited part of the proposed development, but on the whole the buildings of the town and trees within, or surrounding, the town will block views of the development. The development would not impact on the setting of the Conservation Area.

11.11 During the field visit, no physical, visible evidence was noted suggestive of buried archaeology on land which would be affected by the development. Light levels were good, although it was overcast. The fields were pasture. There is no documentary, cartographic or aerial photographic evidence of buried archaeology at this location.

11.12 No palaeoenvironmental potential was identified at the proposed development site, which lies in a valley-side pasture field.

11.13 There are no place-names identified on the list of Historic Place Names within the proposed development area.

11.14 There are no field names of archaeological significance at the development site. The proposed development would take place in two adjacent fields, which were named Cae yr Bont and Cae yr Sgubor on the 1840 parish tithe map. The only point of interest is the “Sgubor” element, which refers to a barn which formerly stood at the northern tip of the field, of which there is now no evidence in the field.

11.15 The boundary banks around the development site are post-medieval in date and include hedged and fenced boundaries on low earthwork banks. The northwestern boundary includes a number of mature deciduous trees which screen views of the development from the northwest, which should be retained.

19 LandLand adjacentadjacent toto LlysLlys Awel,Awel, PoolPool Road,Road, LlanfairLlanfair Caereinion,Caereinion, PowysPowys HistoricHistoric EnvironmentEnvironment Desk-basedDesk-based Assessment,Assessment, OutlineOutline PlanningPlanning ApplicationApplication P2017/0200P2017/0200

55

1919

3333

3232

44

3131 2828 88 1111 1010 11 3939 11 33 1212 33 1414 22 2626 1717 3737 3737  2222 3838 4040  1616 4040   1515        2424      3535    4141  4141  Proposed development area 2020  4242 1km assessment area 77 3636 1818   2525 Level of Impact 2121 3434 2121 2323 3434 No Direct, Low Negative Indirect, Low Negative on Setting 66 No Direct, Low-Moderate Negative Indirect, Low-Moderate Negative on Setting 1313 3030 No Direct, No Indirect, None on Setting 99 2727 No Direct, Very Low Negative Indirect, None on Setting

Ancient and Semi Natural Woodland OrdnanceOrdnance SurveySurvey ©© CrownCrown CopyrightCopyright 2015.2015. 2929 Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site AllAll rightsrights reserved.reserved. LicenceLicence numbernumber 100022432100022432

Figure 5 The 1km assessment area showing the level of impact on historic assets, labelled with Project ID number 2020 LandLand adjacentadjacent toto LlysLlys Awel,Awel, PoolPool Road,Road, LlanfairLlanfair Caereinion,Caereinion, PowysPowys HistoricHistoric EnvironmentEnvironment Desk-basedDesk-based Assessment,Assessment, OutlineOutline PlanningPlanning ApplicationApplication P/2017/0200P/2017/0200

MNTGMHL433MNTGMHL433 MiddleMiddle BanwyBanwy // UpperUpper RhiwRhiw

MNTGMHL940MNTGMHL940 LlanfairLlanfair CaereinionCaereinion

Proposed development area

1km assessment area

LANDMAP Historic Landscape Aspect Overall Evaluation High Low ContainsContains NaturalNatural ResourcesResources WalesWales informationinformation Moderate ©© NaturalNatural ResourcesResources WalesWales andand DatabaseDatabase Right.Right. AllAll rightsrights Reserved.Reserved. Outstanding OrdnanceOrdnance SurveySurvey ©© CrownCrown CopyrightCopyright 2015.2015. AllAll rightsrights reserved.reserved. LicenceLicence numbernumber 100022432100022432 Unassessed

Figure 6: The 1km assessment area showing the LANDMAP Historic Landscape aspect, labelled with LANDMAP Aspect Area Number and Name 2121 LandLand adjacentadjacent toto LlysLlys Awel,Awel, PoolPool Road,Road, LlanfairLlanfair Caereinion,Caereinion, PowysPowys HistoricHistoric EnvironmentEnvironment Desk-basedDesk-based Assessment,Assessment, OutlineOutline PlanningPlanning ApplicationApplication P/2017/0200P/2017/0200

00 0.350.35 0.70.7 kilometreskilometreskilometres

MNTGMCL051MNTGMCL051 RuralRural LandscapesLandscapes

MNTGMCL044MNTGMCL044 RiverRiver ValleysValleys

MNTGMCL023MNTGMCL023 LlanfairLlanfair CaereinionCaereinion

Proposed development area 1km assessment area

LANDMAP Cultural Landscape Aspect Overall Evaluation High ContainsContains NaturalNatural ResourcesResources WalesWales informationinformation ©© NaturalNatural ResourcesResources WalesWales andand DatabaseDatabase Right.Right. AllAll rightsrights Reserved.Reserved. Low OrdnanceOrdnance SurveySurvey ©© CrownCrown CopyrightCopyright 2015.2015. Moderate AllAll rightsrights reserved.reserved. LicenceLicence numbernumber 100022432100022432 Outstanding

Figure 7: The 1km assessment area showing the LANDMAP Cultural Landscape aspect, labelled with LANDMAP Aspect Area Number and Name 2222 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

12. Conclusion 12.1 The impact of the proposed development on the scheduled Tan Llan Enclosure (ID number 4, MG203) would range from Neutral to Low- Moderate Negative, depending on which part of the enclosure the development area would be viewed from. Across most of the earthwork there would be no view of the development, due to the nature of the local topography and the screening effect of mature trees on the boundary between the field in which the enclosure is situated and the development site. It is only from the southeastern edge of the monument, at the edge of the valley slope which descends to the development site, that partial views of the development would be possible. The development would also not impact on key views of the enclosure from the surrounding area, as most of the development would be hidden in the valley bottom, screened by mature trees or the topography of the steep sided river valley.

12.1.1 Mitigation could reduce the level of impact to Very Low-Low Negative. This could take the form of maintaining the hedgerow between the monument and the development as a mature hedgerow, allowing trees to grow along it to strengthen its screening effect.

12.2 There would be no significant, indirect, visual impacts arising on any historic assets arising from the proposed development. No other nationally significant historic assets would be impacted upon by the development.

12.3 There is no physical, documentary, cartographic or aerial photographic evidence to suggest that the proposed development site has potential for further buried archaeology.

12.4 No archaeological mitigation is thought necessary in associated with this development.

13. Reporting 13.1 Copies of this report will be provided to the client, National Monument Record and the Regional Historic Environment Record.

23 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 14. References 14.1 Map sources Ordnance Survey, 1829, 2” to 1 mile Original Surveyors drawing, Meifod Sheet Ordnance Survey, 1886, 1:2500, 1st edition Ordnance Survey, 1902, 1:2500 2nd edition Ordnance Survey, 1976, 1:2500 Llanfair Caereinion Parish, Tithe Map, 1842 Llanfair Caereinion Parish, Tithe Apportionment, 1840

14.2 Web-based materials Cadw, 2017, Setting of Historic Assets in Wales British Museum, 2016, Online Gallery: Ordnance Survey Drawings http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/ordsurvdraw/index.html Cynefin, 2016, Tithe Maps of Wales http://cynefin.archiveswales.org.uk/en/tithe-maps/ RCAHMW, List of Historic Placenames, https://historicplacenames.rcahmw.gov.uk/placenames/map

14.3 Published sources Cadw, 2010, Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales

14.4 Data Sources Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust, Historic Environment Record, data received 22/05/2017 – Enquiry Number E6254 Cadw, Listed Building all-Wales dataset, downloaded March 2017 Cadw, Parks and Gardens all-Wales dataset, downloaded August 2015 Cadw, Scheduled Ancient Monument all-Wales dataset, downloaded March 2017 Cadw, Registered Historic Landscapes dataset, supplied June 2014

24 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 15. Reliability & Limitations of Sources 15.1 In line with the requirements of the CIfA Standards & Guidance notes for Desk-based Assessments (Point 3.3.6), the following observations on the usefulness and reliability of the sources used have been made.

15.2 The cartographic sources used include a range of Ordnance Survey maps produced during the 19th and 20th centuries, all of which provided sufficiently clear and accurate representations of the evolving landscape of the assessment area.

15.2.1 The earliest map source was the 1829 Ordnance Surveyors Original Surveyors Drawings, of which clear digital copies are available through the British Museum website.

15.2.2 The parish tithe map and apportionment of 1840 are available for inspection at the National Library of Wales and on the Cynefin website “The Tithe Maps of Wales”. The tithe map and apportionment are both clear and informative sources.

15.3 The main source of data for the assessment was the Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust HER. The HER data supplied by the Clwyd Powys HER was in most respects accurate, although lacking in detail in places. A more accurate grid reference is suggested for three historic assets. Another historic asset is probably not at the location given and should be placed outside study area to the west. Four records were duplications of other records, see table 4 below.

15.4 Data from the National Monuments Record was informative and generally accurate. There were issues with the following records

Table 3: Inaccurate records included in the online NMR data (Coflein) NPRN Site Name Comment 21435 Llanfair Caereinion, The NGR currently locates the `Twist's Shoemaker's' record on Broad street, but it should be at the corner of High Street and Watergate Street, SJ1039106401 29347 1 High Street: The Old The NGR currently locates the Coach House record on Broad street, but it should be at the corner of High Street and Watergate Street, SJ1038206401

15.5 Data from Cadw on Listed Buildings was in general accurate and informative. The record for one building, Listed Building number 17376 has the description for another building, Listed Building number 17375.

25 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 15.6 Google Earth aerial images of the assessment area were also used online and provide good coverage for the whole assessment area.

15.7 LiDAR imagery available from Natural Resources Wales was of good quality for this area, and helped confirm existing sites.

15.8 RCAHMWs’ List of Historic Placenames in Wales website was consulted but held no information of relevance to this assessment.

Table 4: Comments on HER data supplied by CPAT Historic Asset Historic Asset Record Trysor PRN Name Type Created? Comments 758 Llanfair Holy well;Well Record Caereinion created Church (St Mary) 'Ffynnon Fair Well' 2505 Tan Llan Hillfort;Enclosure Record enclosure created 4730 Tan y Bryn Ridge Ridge and furrow Record and Furrow created 7688 Llanfair Churchyard Record Caereinion created Church (St Mary), yard 7689 Llanfair House No record Duplicate of Caereinion, High created PRN 32638 St 1 7690 Llanfair House;Corn mill Record Caereinion, Old created Mill House 7691 Llanfair House Record Caereinion, created Coach House 7692 Llanfair Ridge and furrow Record Caereinion ridge created and furrow 7693 Llanfair Mill pond Record Caereinion created Millpond 15715 Llanfair Settlement Record Caereinion created 17679 Llanfair Church bell No record Not a separate Caereinion created historic asset, Church (St Mary), included with bells the church for purposes of this project 19004 Pear Tree Trackway Record Not clear what Trackway created this is a record for.

26 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Historic Asset Historic Asset Record Trysor PRN Name Type Created? Comments 26774 Dolgoch Mill Corn mill No record Duplicate of created PRN 7690 31089 Llanfair Church Record Caereinion created Church (St Mary) 32637 Llanfair Church No record Duplicate of Caereinion created PRN 31089 Church 32638 Llanfair House Record Caereinion, created `Twist's Shoemaker's' 32641 Llanfair House Record Caereinion, created `Neuadd-lwyd' 32645 Llanfair Telephone kiosk Record Caereinion, created telephone box 36359 Llanfair House Record Caereinion, created Bridge Street Old Bank House, now subdivided 36360 Llanfair Inn Record Caereinion, Broad created Street Wynnstay Arms Hotel 36361 Llanfair Hotel Record Caereinion, High created Street 'The Goat Hotel' 36362 Llanfair Manse Record Caereinion, created Neuadd Lane Maes-y-neuadd 36363 Llanfair Vicarage Record Caereinion, created Parsons Bank, The Vicarage 36372 Llanfair Building Record NGR should be Caereinion, created SJ1047206477, Bridge Street name should be Brynllys and just Brynllys Glenfern not Brynllys and Glenfern, and Listed Building descriptions are confused.

27 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Historic Asset Historic Asset Record Trysor PRN Name Type Created? Comments 36373 Llanfair Building Record NGR should be Caereinion, created SJ1047206481, Bridge Street name should be Brynllys and just Glenfern Glenfern not Brynllys and Glenfern, and Listed Building descriptions are confused. 36378 Llanfair Building Record Better NGR is Caereinion, created SJ1046506491 Bridge Street Victoria House (now N.F.U Mutual Office) 36379 Llanfair Building Record Caereinion, created Bridge Street Llanfair Caereinion Public Hall 36380 Llanfair Church Record Caereinion, created Bridge Street, Moriah Eglwys Presbyteraidd Cymru 42503 Old Bank house House No record Not needed for (north) created this project, duplicate of PRN 36359 42512 Moriah Eglwys Gateway Record Presbyteraidd created Cymru, railings and gates 54904 Llanfair find Record Caereinion, created Trumpet Brooch 70560 Bryntirion ridge Ridge and furrow Record and furrow created 72482 Llanfair Nonconformist Record Caereinion, Zion chapel created Chapel 85862 Welshpool and Railway Record Llanfair Light created Railway 87205 Llanfair Saw mill Record Caereinion, created Llanfair Sawmills

28 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Historic Asset Historic Asset Record Trysor PRN Name Type Created? Comments 88622 Eithinog Hall Parkland Record No parkland former parkland created shown here on 1st ed map and Eithinog Hall is late Victorian. 122101 Llanfair woollen factory Record Caereinion, created woollen factory 126014 Mount Farm, Building Record Not clear what building I created building this refers to 130714 Llanfair Court House Record Caereinion, High created Street, The Old Court House 130995 Llanfair POWER STATION No record Believed to be Caereinion, created at Melin y Ddol power station mill to the west of Llanfair Caereinion, and outside study area 131274 Llanfair SCHOOL Record Caereinion, created School 131275 Llanfair SCHOOL Record Caereinion, created School 131276 Llanfair QUARRY Record Minor Caereinion, Old created Quarry 131278 Llanfair CHAPEL Record Caereinion, created Methodist Chapel 131279 Llanfair CHAPEL Record Spelling Caereinion, created mistake, should Bapist Chapel be Baptist, not Bapist 131280 Llanfair CHAPEL Record Correct NGR for Caereinion, created original chapel, Chapel but extant 1938 chapel is 230 metres to the south. Unclear whether the original chapel still exists within current buildings on site

29 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Historic Asset Historic Asset Record Trysor PRN Name Type Created? Comments 132763 Llanfair PUBLIC HOUSE Record Caereinion, The created Black Lion Inn 141491 Llanfair Road Record Caereinion, created Mount Road, road surface 141565 Llanfair Conservation No record Not an historic Caereinion Area created asset, dealt Conservation with separately Area

Jenny Hall & Paul Sambrook Trysor, June, 2017

30 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Appendix A: Specification

31 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 SPECIFICATION FOR AN HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ON LAND ADJACENT TO LLYS AWEL POOL ROAD, LLANFAIR CAEREINION, POWYS PLANNING APPLICATION: P/2017/0200 (Powys)

1. Introduction 1.1 Roger Parry & Partners LLP, The Estates Office, 20 Salop Road, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY11 2NU have commissioned Trysor heritage consultants on behalf of their client to undertake an historic environment desk-based assessment for a residential development on land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereionion, Powys.

1.2 A planning application has been submitted: P/2017/0200.

2. The Proposed Development 2.1 It is proposed that a residential development of 42 dwellings of various sizes, as well as new access roads and associated works is developed in two fields to the north of the A458 as it enters Llanfair Caereinion from the northeast.

3. Planning Context of the Proposed Development 3.1 A planning application has been submitted: P/2017/0200.

3.2 In response Cadw have advised that further details need to be submitted before the application is decided (Cadw, 2017)

“…..having carefully considered the information provided with the planning application, we consider that the documentation inadequately analyses the impact of the proposal on the aforementioned designated historic assets. We therefore consider that the applicant should commission an assessment of the impact of the proposed development on the setting of the scheduled monument. We recommend that the assessment should be prepared by a qualified historic environment expert, and should takes account of the advice given in the current consultation document issued by the Welsh Government “Setting of Historic Assets”. This information is critical to the determination of the application, so that the suitability of the proposed development can be properly assessed against national planning policy.” Cadw, 2017

4. Objective of the Written Scheme of Investigation 4.1 The objective of this written scheme of investigation (WSI) is to specify the method to be used for a desk-based assessment in order to identify and assess impact, both direct and indirect on the historic landscape and historic assets.

4.2 The Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (CIfA, 2017) was used to write this Written Scheme of Investigation.

5. Nature of the Archaeological Resource. 5.1 The development site lies at SJ1061006910 on the northeast edge of Llanfair Caereinion and 100 metres south/southeast east of a defended enclosure, thought to be of Iron Age date (c. 800 BC to 400 AD). This historic asset is a scheduled monument MG203.

32 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

5.2 There are several Listed Buildings within Llanfair Caereinion itself as well as a conservation area.

Figure 1: The approximate location of the development and the proposed 1km assessment area.

33 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 6. Scope of Work 6.1 The assessment will initially consider known historic assets and historic landscapes character areas within a 1km radius circle centred on SJ1061006910 (see Figure 1). This study area may be revised once the importance, proximity and intervisibility of the sites have been established.

6.2 The following components of the historic environment will be considered, where relevant;

a. Scheduled Monuments and their settings. b. Listed buildings and their settings. c. Registered Parks and Gardens and their essential settings. d. World Heritage Sites e. Conservation Areas f. Previously recorded non-designated historic assets and their settings, g. Buildings identified as of Local Importance where such buildings have been identified h. Newly identified historic assets, and their settings i. Historic Landscapes, and their character areas j. Hedgerows and field patterns k. Ancient woodland l. Place-name evidence m. Cumulative impacts n. Any agri-environmental interests or requirements, e.g. Environmental Stewardship or Countryside Stewardship scheme o. Potential for buried archaeological p. Potential for palaeoenvironmental evidence

6.3 The following data sources will be consulted:  Powys Historic Environment Record  Cadw  RCAHMW  Historic Ordnance Survey maps  Other historic maps including tithe map  Aerial photographs  LiDAR data if available  Registered Historic Landscape and Character Area data if applicable  LANDMAP  Documentary sources  Published journals

6.4 A site visit will be carried out in accordance with Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for an Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (CIfA, 1014a). The site visit will be record any unknown features in the vicinity of the proposed development. It will also assess the condition of known historic assets and an examination and record will be made of the nature of adjacent field boundaries. In addition, if practical, the field across which the access road will run will be informally fieldwalked to enable recovery and recording of any artefacts. A rapid record of features will be made, including a written description on pro-forma record sheets. The setting of historic assets will be assessed and photographs taken where appropriate.

34 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

6.5 Colour digital photographs will be taken, using a 16M pixel camera. A written record will be made on site of the photographs taken. Appropriate photographic scales will be used.

6.6 Once the dataset of existing and new data has been created, the significance of all identified historic assets will be assessed considering their evidential, historical, aesthetic and communal values (Cadw, 2010). The setting of the historic assets will also be considered.

6.7 An assessment will be made of the development’s potential impact on all historic assets, including direct physical, and indirect physical, and indirect visual impacts. This will include impact on the setting of all significant historic assets whether designated or not.

6.8 Elevation profiles, in conjunction with photos from the site visit and aerial photos, will be used assess to intervisibility, views and impact on setting. ZTV and photomontages from the client will be used if available. If a ZTV is not available Trysor will create one.

7. Reporting 7.1 A written report will be submitted to the client to inform the current planning application. The report will include; a. a non-technical summary b. a site location plan c. a bibliography d. a gazetteer of all historic assets included in the assessment giving significance and impact, with descriptions. e. an assessment of the value and significance of each historic asset f. an assessment of the impact of the proposed development on the historic assets of the study area – impacts will be assessed whether negative or positive, direct or indirect, and include impact on setting. h. statement of the local and regional context of the historic assets identified as have being impacted on by the development. i. statement on reliability of resources used during assessment. j potential for buried archaeological features within the development plot

7.2 The report will be guided by the requirements of Annexe 2 of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for an Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment (CIfA, 2017). Copies of the report will be provided to the client and the Regional Historic Environment Record.

35 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 8. Health & Safety Trysor will undertake a risk assessment in advance of any field visit in accordance with their health and safety policy.

9. Dissemination A summary of the work undertaken and its findings will be submitted to Archaeology in Wales, if appropriate. A pdf copy of the report will be submitted to the regional Historic Environment Record (HER), as well as with the archive to the National Monuments Record (NMR).

10. Archive The archive will be deposited with National Monuments Record in accord with the standard and guidelines of the National Panel for Archaeological Archives in Wales (NPAAW, 2017). This archive will include all written, drawn and photographic records relating directly to the investigations undertaken. Digital archives will follow the guidelines from the RCAHMW, (RCAHMW 2015).

11. Resources to be used Jenny Hall, BSC, MCIfA and Paul Sambrook, BA, PGCE, MCIfA of Trysor will undertake the desk-based assessment. During the field visit will be equipped with standard field equipment, including digital cameras, GPS and first aid kit. Trysor have access to the computer hardware and software required to deliver the completed final report and archive to a professional standard.

12. Qualification of personnel Trysor is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists and both partners are Members of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, www.archaeologists.net

Jenny Hall (BSc Joint Hons., Geology and Archaeology, MCIfA) had 12 years excavation experience, which included undertaking watching briefs prior to becoming the Sites and Monuments Record Manager for a Welsh Archaeological Trust for 10 years. She has been a partner in Trysor since 2004 undertaking a variety of work that includes upland field survey, desk-based appraisals and assessments, landscape characterisation, watching briefs and evaluations as well heritage interpretation and community-based projects.

Paul Sambrook (BA Joint Hons., Archaeology and Welsh, MCIfA, PGCE) has extensive experience as a fieldworker in Wales. He was involved with Cadw’s pan-Wales Deserted Rural Settlements Project for 7 years. He also undertook Tir Gofal field survey work and watching briefs. He has been a partner in Trysor since 2004 undertaking a variety of work including upland field survey, desk-based appraisals/assessments, landscape characterisation, watching briefs and evaluations as well as community-based, non- intrusive projects and community heritage interpretation.

13. Insurance & Professional indemnity Trysor has Public Liability and Professional Indemnity Insurance.

14. Project identification The project has been designated Trysor Project No. 2017/561

36 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

15. Sources Cadw, 2007, Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process Cadw, 2011, Conservation Principles Cadw, 2017, Proposed residential development comprising of up to 42 no. dwellings, formation of estate road and all associated works (all matters reserved) at , Land adjacent to Llys Awel Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Welshpool, Powys, dated April 2017 Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA), revised December 2017, Standard and Guidance for an Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment. NPAAW, 2017, The National Standard and Guidance to Best Practice for Collecting and Depositing Archaeological Archives in Wales 2017 RCAHMW, 2015, RCAHMW Guidelines for Digital Archives, Version 1

Jenny Hall & Paul Sambrook Trysor, May 2017

37 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Appendix B: Gazetteer of historic assets within 1 kilometre

38 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 1 LLANFAIR CAEREINION CHURCH (ST MARY) 'FFYNNON FAIR WELL' HOLY WELL;WELL HER PRN: 758 NMR NPRN: 32455

NGR: SJ10360648 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Structure Condition: Restored Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Traditionally said to be a holy well, possibly predating the medieval Description: church which stands upslope to the southeast, the waters of this well are said to have curative powers. The walls enclosing the well were restored in 1990.

Rarity: Not common

Distance from 410 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Associated with the parish church

Evidential Value: Standing structure around a natural spring

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: Publicly accessible

Setting: Set on a terrace in a steep slope on the southern side of the River Banwy valley, just below the parish churchyard. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be visible from this location. Impact:

39 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 2 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, SCHOOL SCHOOL; CHURCH HALL HER PRN: 131275 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1027506532 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Education Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor This building was founded as a Voluntary School in 1848-1849, on land Description: donated by the Powis Castle Estate. It ceased to be used as school after the mid-20th century and was then used as a Church Hall for the parish. It remains in use as a Church Hall.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 430 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Associated with the parish church

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: The building has the appearance of a 19th century school

Communal Value: Former school and church hall

Setting: This building was opened as a school in the mid-19th century, built on the southern side of New Road, Llanfair Caereinion. It was converted into a church hall during the second half of the 20th century and remains in use as such today. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be visible from this location. Impact:

40 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 3 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, WOOLLEN FACTORY WOOLLEN FACTORY HER PRN: 122101 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1040706538 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Industrial Form: Building Condition: Destroyed Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A woollen mill stood here at the time of the parish tithe map of 1840 Description: and it is also shown on late 19th and early 20th century Ordnance Survey maps. All the mill buildings and mill house had been removed by the later 20th century.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 340m to the southwest development: Group Value: Associated with a former mill pond

Evidential Value: Historic mapping

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: This woollen factory stood above the southern bank of the Afon Banwy, but was fed by water from a millpond to the southeast. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The woollen mill no longer survives and the location would not be Impact: intervisible with the proposed development.

41 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 4 TAN LLAN ENCLOSURE DEFENDED ENCLOSURE (POSSIBLE) HER PRN: 2505 NMR NPRN: 397

NGR: SJ1058507163 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Iron Age?;Roman? Broadclass: Defence Form: Earthwork Condition: Damaged Site Status: Scheduled Ancient Monument

SAM number: MG203 LB number: grade: Trysor This very denuded earthwork would appear to be a late prehistoric Description: defended enclosure, although no dating evidence has been produced to confirm this.

The site was first identified by CPAT from aerial photographs as a cropmark site. The aerial photographs appear to show a series of narrow, concentric ditches enclosing a relatively small area just above the steep valley slope on the northwestern side of the Banwy valley.

The main enclosure is sub-circular and measures no more than 100 metres in diameter. There is cropmark evidence of concentric ditches which may extend the area of the site to more than 150 metres in diameter.

When visited by Trysor in May 2017, the site was under a cover of long grass which made surface features difficult to identify, but there are no obvious upstanding earthworks which correspond with the clearly visible cropmarks. It would appear that the site has been ploughed down over the centuries, but it may not have had substantial earthworks when in use. It is possible that timber palisade defences were used with only a modest earthwork component.

The chief features that are identifiable on the ground are the levelled interior of the enclosure and a broad and irregular ridge, of probable natural origin, along its northwestern side. This ridge seems to have been incorporated into the enclosure defences. CPAT undertook a small excavation on the crest of this ridge in 1995, to evaluate the degree of plough damage to any archaeological features at the site. This small trench, which was only 2 metres by 1 metre is size, identified a spread of angular stones at a depth of 0.25 metres, which were interpreted as representing bank material. The main cropmark feature, an apparent enclosing ditch which can be followed around most of the circumference of the enclosure on aerial photographs, runs just outside this bank material. This would seem to confirm that a bank and ditch enclosed the terrace. Other cropmarks indicate further concentric lines of ditches outside this main bank and ditch, which gives the impression that the small terraced area at the heart of the site was well protected, within multivallate defences.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 70 metres to the northwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Earthwork and cropmark site

Historical Value: Described in archaeological sources

Aesthetic Value: None

42 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 Communal Value: None

Setting: This denuded enclosure survives as a slight landscape feature within the post-medieval fieldscape, specifically within a pasture field which has been ploughed in the past. It is not a highly visible or significant landscape feature and it is best appreciated on aerial photographs which show the details of cropmark features that help us interpret the form and significance of the site.

The enclosure is thought to have been built in the Iron Age or Roman times, though this is not certain. Its function also remains uncertain, although it has the characteristics of a small, defended settlement, perhaps a farmstead.

The enclosure would appear to have been deliberately positioned to afford good views along and across the Banwy valley, from the northeast around to the southwest, with particularly good views down the valley to the northeast and to the high ground on the opposite side of the valley to the east. Rising ground to the north means that there are not good views in that direction.

It would appear that the selection of this position was made with consideration of the defensive qualities of the site. Steep valley slopes lie to the southeast and a natural ridge to the northwest, with a sheltered terrace between. The terrace was therefore relatively easy to enclose and protect with one or more circular banks and ditches. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Low-Moderate Negative Partial intervisibility

Level of Impact Low-Moderate Negative on Setting:

Comment on From within the enclosure and from its northern, upslope side, the Impact: proposed development would generally not be visible due to the topography of the landscape. The Banwy valley slopes drop away steeply and the adjacent valley floor is generally not visible from the higher ground above the proposed development site.

The development would be partially visible from the southwestern edge of the enclosure, right at the edge of the valley slope. From here, the roofs of the houses in the field immediately below (houses numbered 1-19, to the southeast) would be visible against the backdrop of the busy main road and the Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway. These would cause a Low Negative, indirect, visual impact.

The proposed development in the southwestern field (houses numbered 20-42 on the site plan) would largely be blocked from view by mature hedgerow trees along the existing field boundary between the proposed development and the field within which the scheduled monument lies. These trees would have to be maintained and indeed added to in order to maintain the screening effect. Overall, views of the proposed development from the defended enclosure would cause a Low-Moderate, indirect, visual impact with the development being largely invisible from much of the site.

43 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 In terms of views towards the defended enclosure, the best opportunities to see the site are from the high ground immediately opposite on the southeastern side of the Banwy Valley, such as along Peartree Lane. As with other viewpoints within Llanfair Caereinion itself, developments along the valley floor, alongside Pool Road and the railway, are generally hidden as a result of the topography and tree cover along the valley floor. They would have a Very Low, indirect, visual impact and impact on setting.

The proposed housing on the upper slopes of the southwestern field (houses numbered 34-42 on the site plan) at the development site would however be visible from the opposite slopes. The upper houses would come relatively close to the defended enclosure and would have a Moderate, indirect, visual impact and a Moderate impact on the setting of the scheduled monument.

The proposal appears to be that the mature hedgerow trees close to houses numbered 34-42 on the site plan would be removed as a part of the development. The removal of trees would however take away the screen which would otherwise block views of the proposed development when viewed from the scheduled monument. The retention of the trees would be preferred from an historic environment perspective.

44 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 5 TAN Y BRYN RIDGE AND FURROW RIDGE AND FURROW (POSSIBLE) HER PRN: 4730 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ11010770 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Medieval;Post Medieval Broadclass: Agriculture and Subsistence Form: Earthwork Condition: Not Known Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Reported as possible ridge and furrow seen on an aerial photograph Description: seen in 1978. The field parcel encloses a steep slope, which seems an unlikely location for ridge and furrow ploughing.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 530 metres to the northeast development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Feature observed on an aerial photograph

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: On a steep, west facing slope. This minor feature has not been assessed. Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This minor feature has not been assessed. Impact:

45 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 6 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET OLD BANK HOUSE HOUSE HER PRN: 36359 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1047906466 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 17371 grade: II Trysor Built in the 1830s at the southern end of Bridge Street, on its eastern Description: side, at the heart of Llanfair Caereinion. Later partially converted into a shop and now subdivided into and adjoining house and shop premises.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 370 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: One of several listed building in Bridge Street

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a relatively unspoiled early Victorian house

Communal Value: None

Setting: Built in the 1830s at the southern end of Bridge Street, on its eastern side, at the heart of Llanfair Caereinion. Later partially converted into a shop and now subdivided into and adjoining house and shop premises. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Surrounding buildings and mature trees to the southwest will block Impact: views of the proposed development.

46 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 7 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, HIGH STREET 'THE GOAT HOTEL' HOTEL HER PRN: 36361 NMR NPRN: 29258

NGR: SJ1034206403 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Commercial Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 18365 grade: II Trysor This early 19th century public house may have replaced an earlier in of Description: the same name. The Court Leet was held at the Goat Inn in former times and it was also once a coaching inn.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 485 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, still in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a relatively unchanged early 19th century inn.

Communal Value: Public house

Setting: Built on the southern side of the High Street, opposite the church.

Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Very Low Negative Partial intervisibility

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on A partial view of the northernmost part of the proposed development Impact: would be possible from this location, although trees screen the view and the new development would be seen in the context of other recent developments in the same area, so would not make a significant difference to the view.

47 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 8 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, NEUADD LANE MAES-Y-NEUADD MANSE HER PRN: 36362 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1032506676 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 18359 grade: II Trysor Built in 1910-20 on elevated ground overlooking Llanfair Caereinion Description: from the hillslope to the north, as the manse for the Presbyterian chapel at the heart of the town. When the High School was built in the mid-20th century the building became the Headmasters house. It remains in use as part of the school complex. It is listed as a good example of a 20th century neo-Georgian vernacular style building

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 295 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Originally the manse to the Presbyterian Chapel, now part of the school complex Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a good example of a 20th century neo-Georgian vernacular style building Communal Value: None

Setting: Built in 1910-20 on elevated ground overlooking Llanfair Caereinion from the hillslope to the north, as the manse for the Presbyterian chapel at the heart of the town. When the High School was built in the mid-20th century the building became the Headmasters house. It remains in use as part of the school complex. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be visible from this location. Impact:

48 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 9 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET, MORIAH EGLWYS PRESBYTERAIDD CYMRU CHAPEL

HER PRN: 36380 NMR NPRN: 11340

NGR: SJ1045906455 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 17382 grade: II Trysor Moriah was originally a Calvinistic Methodist Chapel, built in 1805 and Description: rebuilt in 1839. In 1874, the present chapel was constructed on a new site, just outside the eastern side of the parish churchyard, at the centre of the town. The chapel continues in use today.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 385 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes

Aesthetic Value: A fine 19th century chapel

Communal Value: Place of worship

Setting: This chapel was built in a prominent roadside position, at the edge of the churchyard, in the centre of Llanfair Caereinion in 1874 and continues to dominate the heart of the town today. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Surrounding buildings block any view of the proposed development site Impact: from this location.

49 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 10 LLANFAIR CAEREINION CHURCH (ST MARY), YARD CHURCHYARD HER PRN: 7688 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ10390646 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Structure Condition: Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor The post medieval parish churchyard surrounding St Mary's Church is Description: an elevated, triangular parcel of land, set to the southeastern side of the steep-sided Banwy valley and at the heart of Llanfair Caereinion town. Trees now block views towards the river to the west and north, but good views across the town and towards the course of the river are possible to the northeast. The church stands in the middle of the churchyard, which also includes some mature trees, some being yews, and many gravestones and memorials. A holy well is located outside the original churchyard boundary on the steep slope down to the Banwy to the northwest of the church, which can be accessed via a gate and a flight of modern steps.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 440 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Associated with the parish church

Evidential Value: Churchyard well-managed and in use

Historical Value: Described in historical sources

Aesthetic Value: Includes many interesting grave memorials

Communal Value: Parish churchyard, publicly accessible

Setting: The churchyard encloses an elevated parcel of land at the edge of the Banwy valley and within the heart of Llanfair Caereinion town. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Very Low Negative Partial intervisibility

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The upper, northern part of the proposed development site would just Impact: be visible, through screening trees, from the northeastern corner of the churchyard. The visual impact of the development would be minimal however, as several new developments have already occurred on the same line of sight.

50 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 11 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, OLD MILL HOUSE HOUSE;CORN MILL HER PRN: 7690 NMR NPRN: 40128

NGR: SJ10360657 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic;Industrial Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor The site of a post-medieval corn mill, which became disused during the Description: early 20th century. The mill house is still occupied and some old mill buildings appear to still stand.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 345 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Historic mapping; Standing buildings

Historical Value: Mentioned in historical sources

Aesthetic Value: Painted in the 1870 by MJ Beddoes

Communal Value: None

Setting: On the northern banks of the Afon Banwy, just to the west of the bridge across the river into Llanfair Caereinion. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be visible from this location. Impact:

51 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 12 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, COACH HOUSE HOUSE HER PRN: 7691 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ10300655 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A former coach house on New Road, Llanfair Caereinion. It was not Description: present on the 1840 parish tithe map, but had been built by the time of the 1886 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale map. It has been divided into two dwellings in modern times.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 400 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: The building has the character of a 19th century coach house - a central section which had a wide doorway, with flanking, symmetrical wings parallel to the main road. Communal Value: None

Setting: Built on the southern side of New Road, Llanfair Caereinion in the mid-19th century. It is not clear what it was a Coach House for. In modern times it has been divided into two dwellings - The Coach House being the central and eastern part of the building and Ivy House in the western wing. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be visible from this location. Impact:

52 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 13 LLANFAIR CAEREINION RIDGE AND FURROW RIDGE AND FURROW HER PRN: 7692 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ10550629 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Agriculture and Subsistence Form: Earthwork Condition: Not Known Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor An area of possible ridge and furrow ploughing. Description:

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 530 metres to the south development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Earthwork

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting:

Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This is a feature of minor archaeological interest. Impact:

53 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 14 LLANFAIR CAEREINION MILLPOND MILL POND HER PRN: 7693 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ10410653 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Agriculture and Subsistence Form: Documentary Evidence Condition: Not Known Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A millpond which fed water to power a woollen mill just to the Description: northwest is shown here on the parish tithe map of 1840 and late 19th century Ordnance Survey maps. It was drained and built over by the time of the First World War, with the town Institute partly covering the area of the former pond when it was built in 1913.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 345 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Associated with a woollen mill

Evidential Value: Historic mapping

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: The millpond was situated between the churchyard and the rear of the houses in bridge street in order to supply the mill at its northwestern end, on the banks of the Banwy. Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The pond no longer survives. The location would not be intervisible with Impact: the proposed development.

54 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 15 LLANFAIR CAEREINION SETTLEMENT HER PRN: 15715 NMR NPRN: 33183

NGR: SJ1049506501 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Multiperiod Broadclass: Civil Form: Urban Landscape Condition: Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Llanfair Caereinion is a small town on the banks of the Afon Banwy, to Description: the west of Welshpool. The town has a parish church of medieval, possibly early medieval, origin, but the buildings of the settlement are otherwise post-medieval or modern in date.

Rarity: Common

Distance from Adjacent development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Modern town with many historical features

Historical Value: Mentioned in historical sources

Aesthetic Value: Has a number of quality listed buildings of post medieval date.

Communal Value: Economic and social focus

Setting: Llanfair Caereinion is a small town in a relatively sheltered position on the banks of the Afon Banwy, to the west of Welshpool. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Very Low Negative Intervisibility

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be visible from within most of the Impact: settlement. Where views are possible from elevated positions within the town, such as the parish churchyard, the new development would only be partially visible and seen in the context of an area which has already experienced some modern development. Visual impacts would be Very Low as a result.

55 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 16 PEAR TREE TRACKWAY TRACKWAY HER PRN: 19004 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ11080660 Grid reference taken at point along linear site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Transport Form: Earthwork Condition: Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor This appears to be a record for Peartree Lane, a minor road serving Description: Peartree cottage.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 520 metres to the southeast development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Earthwork

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: Public lane

Setting: This is a minor feature which has not been assessed for this report.

Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This is a minor feature which has not been assessed for this report. Impact:

56 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 17 LLANFAIR CAEREINION CHURCH (ST MARY) CHURCH HER PRN: 31089 NMR NPRN: 408480

NGR: SJ1039406468 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval;Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 7620 grade: II Trysor St Mary's parish church is thought to have early medieval origins. The Description: present church was largely built in 1868, to replace an 11th century church. Some medieval elements survive, including a 13th century doorway and a 15th century timber roof structure. The church is still in use.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 400 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes

Aesthetic Value: Large parish church at the heart of a conservation area and a dominant feature in the town Communal Value: Place of worship

Setting: The church stands in an elevated, above Bridge Street which passes to the east and also higher than Broad Street to the south, though the road rises to the same level as the churchyard along High Street to the southwest of the church. To the northwest a steep, wooded slope falls away to the River Banwy. The church stands within a large triangular churchyard, at the heart of Llanfair Caereinion town. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Very Low Negative Partial intervisibility

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on A partial view of the northernmost part of the proposed development Impact: would be possible from this location, although other buildings within Llanfair Caereinion largely block the view, including the new school on the opposite side of the River Banwy, and the new development would be seen in the context of other recent developments in the same area, so would not make a significant difference to the view.

57 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 18 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, `TWIST'S SHOEMAKER'S' HOUSE HER PRN: 32638 NMR NPRN: 21435

NGR: SJ1039106401 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 7621 grade: II Trysor This building was built in the early 19th century as a house and shop, it Description: has been converted into a residence only in modern times.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 465 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, still used as a house

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes

Aesthetic Value: Listed for its interesting shop front and as a little changed town house of the early 19th century Communal Value: None

Setting: On the corner of High Street and Watergate Street, Llanfair Caereinion. Built in the early 19th century as a house and shop, it is now a residence only. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Large yew trees in the churchyard opposite block the view towards the Impact: proposed development. Other buildings and the topography of the area suggest that there would be a restricted view in that direction even without the trees.

58 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 19 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, 'NEUADD-LWYD' HOUSE HER PRN: 32641 NMR NPRN: 29650

NGR: SJ1058807612 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 7624 grade: II Trysor This timber-framed house is of early to mid-17th century in date. The Description: gable walls are of brick. It is now a two-storey building, but was probably originally lower and was raised in the late 18th or early 19th century. The house was formerly part of the Powis Castle estate. It remains in use as a farmhouse on a working farmstead.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 445 metres to the north-northwest development: Group Value: Part of a working farmstead

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Part of Powis Castle estate; Described by Cadw for listing purposes

Aesthetic Value: 17th century timber framed building

Communal Value: None

Setting: This house stands at the southeastern side of a group of farm buildings on a working farmstead, situated on high ground to the north of the Banwy valley, facing southeast. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The nature of the local topography means that the proposed Impact: development would not impact on this building.

59 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 20 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, TELEPHONE BOX TELEPHONE KIOSK HER PRN: 32645 NMR NPRN: 32910

NGR: SJ1035106421 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Modern Broadclass: Communications Form: Structure Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 8705 grade: II Trysor A George VI K6 type telephone box, which was introduced by the GPO Description: in 1936.

Rarity: Not common

Distance from 465 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Included within a conservation area

Evidential Value: Standing structure

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Key street feature in a conservation area

Communal Value: Publicly accessible

Setting: Telephone kiosk positioned on the northern side of High Street, against the churchyard wall. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Very Low Negative Partial intervisibility

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on A partial view of the northernmost part of the proposed development Impact: would be possible from this location, although trees screen the view and the new development would be seen in the context of other recent developments in the same area, so would not make a significant difference to the view.

60 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 21 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BROAD STREET WYNNSTAY ARMS HOTEL INN

HER PRN: 36360 NMR NPRN: 308970

NGR: SJ1041406392 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Commercial Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 18357 grade: II Trysor An 18th century coaching inn, which was extended in the 19th century. Description: It was a motor garage from the start of the 20th century. It is now used as a private residence.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 465 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, still in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a large and prominent former coaching inn

Communal Value: None

Setting: Built on the southern side of the Broad Street, opposite the church.

Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Large yew trees in the churchyard opposite block the view towards the Impact: proposed development. Other buildings and the topography of the area suggest that there would be a restricted view in that direction even without the trees.

61 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 22 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, PARSONS BANK, THE VICARAGE VICARAGE HER PRN: 36363 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1051006530 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 18360 grade: II Trysor This former vicarage was probably built around 1801. It is now a private Description: residence.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 300 metres to the south-southwest development: Group Value: Associated with St Mary's parish church

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a relatively unspoiled Regency vicarage

Communal Value: None

Setting: The vicarage was built on a prominent rise, facing the town and church to the southwest. It stands in a secluded garden, ringed by mature trees and hedges. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Very Low Negative Partial intervisibility

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The upper, northern part of the proposed development site would just Impact: be visible, to the northeast, from the rear of the house. The visual impact of the development would be minimal however, as several new developments have already occurred on the same line of sight.

62 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 23 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET, BRYNLLYS HOUSE HER PRN: 36372 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1047206477 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Domestic Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 17376 grade: II Trysor Brynllys is a mid-19th century, three-storey, red-brick house, built on Description: the eastern side of Bridge Street, Llanfair Caereinion. It is still used as a dwelling.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 360 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: One of several listed building in Bridge Street

Evidential Value: Standing building, still in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a relatively unspoiled early Victorian house

Communal Value: None

Setting: Brynllys is a mid-19th century, three-storey, red-brick house, built on the eastern side of Bridge Street, Llanfair Caereinion. It is still used as a dwelling. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Surrounding buildings and mature trees to the southwest will block Impact: views of the proposed development.

63 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 24 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET, GLENFERN BUILDING HER PRN: 36373 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1047006480 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Monument (By Form) Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 17405 grade: II Trysor Glenfern is a mid-19th century, three-storey, red-brick house, built on Description: the eastern side of Bridge Street, Llanfair Caereinion. It was converted into a shop, with a shop front added to the ground floor. It is now used as a dwelling.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 360 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: One of several listed building in Bridge Street

Evidential Value: Standing building, still in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a relatively unspoiled early Victorian house

Communal Value: None

Setting: Glenfern is a mid-19th century, three-storey, red-brick house, built on the eastern side of Bridge Street, Llanfair Caereinion. It was converted into a shop, with a shop front added to the ground floor. It is now used as a dwelling. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Surrounding buildings and mature trees to the southwest will block Impact: views of the proposed development.

64 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 25 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET VICTORIA HOUSE BUILDING HER PRN: 36378 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1046506491 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Monument (By Form) Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 17375 grade: II Trysor Victoria House is a mid-19th century, three-storey, red-brick house, Description: built on the eastern side of Bridge Street, Llanfair Caereinion. By the early 20th century it had been partly converted into a shop, with the southern ground floor having a shop front added to it. The dwelling had a separate entrance. The division between the shop and dwelling has been retained to the present day.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 350 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: One of several listed building in Bridge Street

Evidential Value: Standing building, still in use

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for listing purposes.

Aesthetic Value: Listed as a relatively unspoiled early Victorian house

Communal Value: None

Setting: Victoria House is a mid-19th century, three-storey, red-brick house, built on the eastern side of Bridge Street, Llanfair Caereinion. By the early 20th century it had been partly converted into a shop. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Surrounding buildings and mature trees to the southwest will block Impact: views of the proposed development.

65 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 26 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRIDGE STREET LLANFAIR PUBLIC HALL CAEREINION PUBLIC HALL HER PRN: 36379 NMR NPRN: 416595

NGR: SJ1041506526 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Modern Broadclass: Civil Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 17378 grade: II Trysor The Institute was a gift to the people of Llanfair Caereinion by Mrs Description: Edward Davies, mother of David Davies M.P. of Llandinam, built in 1913. It remains in use as a public hall and institute in 2017.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 340 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: Associated with the family of David Davies MP

Aesthetic Value: Built in the late Arts & Craft style by architects Dickens-Lewis and Haynes of Shrewsbury Communal Value: Public hall

Setting: This building was erected in 1913 on the west side of Bridge Street, close to the bridge over the Afon Banwy leading into Llanfair Caereinion town. It remains in use. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Intervening buildings and trees would block views towards the proposed Impact: development from this location.

66 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 27 MORIAH EGLWYS PRESBYTERAIDD CYMRU, RAILINGS AND GATES RAILINGS;GATE PIERS

HER PRN: 42512 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1047006449 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces Form: Structure Condition: Intact Site Status: Listed Building

SAM number: LB number: 18356 grade: II Trysor Iron railings to the front of Moriah Presbyterian Chapel, Llanfair Description: Caereinion.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 390 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: Associated with Moriah chapel

Evidential Value: Structure in place

Historical Value: Described by Cadw for Listing purposes

Aesthetic Value: Attractive metalwork feature in townscape

Communal Value: None

Setting: The railings define a small forecourt to the front of the chapel, dividing it from Broad Street. Significance: Nationally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Surrounding buildings block any view of the proposed development from Impact: this location.

67 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 28 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, TRUMPET BROOCH FIND HER PRN: 54904 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ10530691 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Roman Broadclass: Object Form: Find Condition: Moved Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Part of a Romano-British brooch, dating to the 1st or 2nd century AD, Description: was reported as being found in this field in 2009. The object has been removed from the site and no known archaeological features were noted in association with it.

Rarity: Not common

Distance from Within the development area development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Find only

Historical Value: Mentioned in archaeological sources

Aesthetic Value: An example of Romano-British metalworking

Communal Value: None

Setting: Found in a pasture field, downslope from a defended enclosure. It is not known if the proximity of the defended enclosure is relevant to the find. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on There would be no impact on this findspot as the find has been Impact: removed.

68 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 29 BRYNTIRION RIDGE AND FURROW RIDGE AND FURROW HER PRN: 70560 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ10790596 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Agriculture and Subsistence Form: Earthwork Condition: Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor An area of possible ridge and furrow ploughing. Description:

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 880 metres to the south-southeast development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Earthwork

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting:

Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This is a feature of minor archaeological interest. Impact:

69 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 30 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, ZION CHAPEL NONCONFORMIST CHAPEL HER PRN: 72482 NMR NPRN: 11335

NGR: SJ1038506275 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Building Condition: Damaged Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Zion Baptist chapel was built in 1825 and rebuilt in 1830 and 1872. It Description: closed and was converted for alternative use in 2000 and is now used as a craft shop.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 580 metres to the north-northeast development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, now converted

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: Typical gable entry nonconformist chapel

Communal Value: Former place of worship

Setting: A chapel in a street-setting in Llanfair Caereinion town. Originally it was built in an area of open land on the eastern side of Watergate Street, but in modern times new housing has been built alongside it. It is no longer a chapel and is now used as a craft shop. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Other buildings along Watergate Street and in the town block views Impact: from this location towards the proposed development.

70 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 31 WELSHPOOL AND LLANFAIR LIGHT RAILWAY RAILWAY HER PRN: 85862 NMR NPRN: 43037

NGR: SJ1071706973 Grid reference taken at point along linear site

Period: Modern Broadclass: Transport Form: Structure Condition: Near Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor This narrow-gauge, light railway was opened between Welshpool and Description: Llanfair Caereinion in 1903. It chiefly carried cattle and stock to Welshpool but had passenger services until 1931. The line closed in 1956 and then restored in stages as a tourist route from the 1960s onwards. It continues in use to the present today and a number of modern buildings and sheds have been added to expand the station complex. The original station building has not survived, but a similar building from Eardisley, Herefordshire has been rebuilt in its place. Few original buildings survive. In 2017 there plans to further improve and expand the complex by 2020.

Rarity: Common

Distance from Adjacent development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Working light railway

Historical Value: Described in historical sources

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: This railway line runs along the Banwy valley floor between Welshpool and Llanfair Caereinion. It originally opened in 1903 and closed in 1956, but enthusiasts restored the line and opened it again as a tourist railway from 1963. It remains in use as a tourist line to the present day. The Llanfair Caereinion terminus is situated alongside the main Pool Road, which approaches Llanfair Caereinion from the northeast. Significance: Regionally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect Yes Impact?: Low Negative Intervisibility

Level of Impact Low Negative on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would only have an impact on the terminus Impact: at Llanfair Caereinion and approximately 400 metres of the 12km long railway. Few original buildings still stand in the railway terminus complex and none are statutorily protected. The new development would have some impact on views of the present railway station and terminus, but any surviving original buildings are intermingled with modern additions, therefore impacts on historic environment elements are relatively low. 71 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 32 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, LLANFAIR SAWMILLS SAW MILL HER PRN: 87205 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ108073 Not accurate

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Industrial Form: Documentary Evidence Condition: Not Known Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A late 19th century sawmill was located in or near Llanfair Caereinion Description: and is mentioned in an article by PG Barton in Montgomeryshire Collection in 2003. The location of the sawmill has not been accurately identified.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from Unknown development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Documentary

Historical Value: Mentioned in an article in Montgomeryshire Collections

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: Unknown

Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The location of the sawmill has not been identified and no assessment Impact: of impact can be made.

72 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 33 EITHINOG HALL FORMER PARKLAND PARKLAND HER PRN: 88622 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1141107420 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces Form: Landscape Condition: Not Known Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Recorded as possible former parkland associated with Eithinog, a later Description: Victorian country house to the south. Eithinog was only built in 1874 and it seems unlikely that this field served as parkland.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 630 metres to the east-northeast development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: None

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: A field to the southern side of the Banwy floodplain.

Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would have no impact on this field. Impact:

73 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 34 MOUNT FARM, BUILDING I BUILDING HER PRN: 126014 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1099806236 Not known

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Monument (By Form) Form: Building Condition: Not Known Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A building has been recorded here by CPAT, but no structure is shown Description: on any historic maps at this location and it is not known what the record refers to.

Rarity: Common

Distance from Unknown development: Group Value: Possibly associated with Mount Farm

Evidential Value: None

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: Possibly a building ancillary to Mount Farm but its position isn't clearly identified and no assessment of setting can be made. Significance: Unknown

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Possibly a building ancillary to Mount Farm but its position isn't clearly Impact: identified and no impact assessment can be made. The area would not be intervisible with the proposed development however.

74 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 35 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, HIGH STREET, THE OLD COURT HOUSE POLICE STATION;COURT

HER PRN: 130714 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1031706426 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Civil Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor This building was built in 1869 as a police station and courthouse. The Description: police station was on the ground floor, with holding cells in the basement. On the first floor was the Mathrafal Magistrates Court. By the 1970s a new police station had been built on the other side of town on Parsons Bank. The building has been converted for residential use in modern times but the inscription "Police Station" is still visible in the lintel above the main door.

Rarity: Not common

Distance from 480 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, reused

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: A fine example of a purpose built Victorian police station and magistrates court Communal Value: None

Setting: This building was built on the north side of High Street in 1869. It had been replaced by a new police station by the 1970s. Significance: Regionally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on New developments around the new school and trees would block views Impact: from this location towards the proposed development site. The development would not impact on views of this fine Victorian building or affect its setting.

75 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 36 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BRITISH SCHOOL SCHOOL HER PRN: 131274 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1058206450 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Education Form: Documentary Evidence Condition: Destroyed Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Llanfair Caereinion Board School, also known as the "British School" Description: was opened in 1872 and catered for children aged between 5 and 10. The original school building was extended eastwards during the 20th century. In the late 20th century, the original building was demolished to make way for a new road, but the later extension still stands and is now the home of the town's Ysgol Feithrin (Welsh nursery).

Rarity: Common

Distance from 365 metres to the south-southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Historic mapping

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: Former school

Setting: This former school was established on the southern side of Mount Road, at the eastern of the town, in 1872, but demolished by the end of the 20th century. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The original school building no longer stands. Impact:

76 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 37 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, OLD QUARRY QUARRY HER PRN: 131276 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1014506576 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Industrial Form: Earthwork Condition: Damaged Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A minor quarry. Description:

Rarity: Common

Distance from development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Historic mapping

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting:

Significance: Minor Importance

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This is a minor feature, not assessed for this report. Impact:

77 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 38 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BETHESDA METHODIST CHAPEL CHAPEL HER PRN: 131278 NMR NPRN: 11344

NGR: SJ1060306528 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Documentary Evidence Condition: Destroyed Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor Bethesda Wesleyan Methodist Chapel was built here in 1819 and rebuilt Description: in 1843 and 1879. During the late 20th century it became disused and was demolished. The site is now occupied by a modern house. The chapel did not have a burial ground.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 290 metres to the south development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Historic mapping

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: Former place of worship

Setting: The chapel was built in a relatively open area to the east of the town, accessed by a road which became known as Wesley Street. The chapel no longer stands. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This chapel has been demolished and its site redeveloped. Impact:

78 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 39 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, BAPIST CHAPEL CHAPEL HER PRN: 131279 NMR NPRN: 97161

NGR: SJ1040506611 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor This small, red-brick chapel is not shown on the parish tithe map of Description: 1840. It appears on the 1886 1:2500 scale Ordnance Survey map however. By the mid-20th century it had fallen out of use and was later converted for use as a private residence.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 280 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, converted

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: Retains the character of a small gable-entry chapel

Communal Value: Former place of worship

Setting: This chapel was built in the mid to late 19th century at the southern side of Pool Road, close to the bridge across the Afon Banwy into Llanfair Caereinion. It is now a private dwelling. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This location is not intervisible with the proposed development. Impact:

79 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 40 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, EBENEZER CHAPEL CHAPEL HER PRN: 131280 NMR NPRN: 11331

NGR: SJ1004906516 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Religious Ritual and Funerary Form: Building Condition: Converted Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor This is the site of the original Ebenezer Independent Chapel, which was Description: built in 1813 and rebuilt in 1844. In 1938, a new Art Deco chapel was built over 200 metres further down the High Street to the east and this original chapel was abandoned. The building has now been converted into a private residence.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 610 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Converted for residential use

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: Former place of worship

Setting: Built on the eastern end of High Street at the edge of Llanfair Caereinion village. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on The proposed development would not be intervisible with this converted Impact: building.

80 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 41 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, THE BLACK LION INN PUBLIC HOUSE HER PRN: 132763 NMR NPRN: 406017

NGR: SJ1050206478 Grid reference taken at centre of site

Period: Post Medieval Broadclass: Commercial Form: Building Condition: Intact Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor The Black Lion Inn has been in use since at least the mid-19th century, Description: for it is shown on the parish tithe map of 1840. It continues in use in 2017.

Rarity: Not rare

Distance from 350 metres to the southwest development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Standing building, in use

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: Public house

Setting: The inn stands at the point where Mount Road enters Llanfair Caereinion from the east. It was behind the Market Hall, to the east of the town square, during the 19th century. Significance: Locally Important

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on Mature trees and buildings to the northeast block any view of the Impact: proposed development from this location.

81 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200 ID number: 42 LLANFAIR CAEREINION, MOUNT ROAD, ROAD SURFACE ROAD HER PRN: 141491 NMR NPRN:

NGR: SJ1060006464 Grid reference taken at point along linear site

Period: Post Medieval (Possible) Broadclass: Transport Form: Structure Condition: Damaged Site Status:

SAM number: LB number: grade: Trysor A section of an old cobbled road surface was exposed during "footpath" Description: improvements in 2016. It was thought to be of probable post-medieval date but as it is close to the hypothetical line of a Roman road between Long Mountain and Mallwyd, CPAT have speculated a possible Roman date, but this is not proven. The cobbles have been reburied.

Rarity: Common

Distance from 350 metres to the south development: Group Value: None

Evidential Value: Buried feature

Historical Value: None

Aesthetic Value: None

Communal Value: None

Setting: This a buried feature alongside or beneath Mount Road. No more details are known. Significance: Unknown

Any Direct No Impact?: None

Any Indirect No Impact?: None

Level of Impact None on Setting:

Comment on This location is not intervisible with the proposed development. Impact:

82 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Appendix C: Photographs

83 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Figure 8: Location of photographs in Plates 1 to 14

84 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Figure 9: Location of photographs in Plates 15 to 16

85 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 1: A view across the development site, looking south-southwest towards Maesteg, the red house at the centre of the image.

Plate 2: A view looking southwest across the development site, showing the bottom of the steep valley slope which rises up towards the scheduled Tan Llan Enclosure.

86 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 3: A view of the northern end of the development site, looking northeast.

Plate 4: A view from higher up the valley slope, looking east southeast. It is just at the southeast edge of the Tan Llan Enclosure, with the northern end of the development site visible between the hedgerow and Pool Road, with sheds on the Welshpool & Llanfair Railway beyond the road.

87 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 5: The view southeast from the southeast edge of the Tan Llan Enclosure. The development site lies between the hedgerow and Pool Road. Note the railway shed and other modern structures beyond the railway in this view. The roofs and rear walls of the new development would be visible from this position.

Plate 6: The view south from the southeast edge of the Tan Llan Enclosure. Note the mature trees in the foreground which would screen views of the south end of the proposed development, which would extend into the field immediately behind the trees. Llanfair Caereinion town lies in the distance.

88 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 7: The view east-northeast across the Tan Llan Enclosure from the western edge of the raised ridge. The figure is standing in the centre of the level area which was enclosed by the defences. Note the development site on the adjacent valley floor is no longer in view.

Plate 8: The view east across the Tan Llan Enclosure from its western edge. Note the development site on the adjacent valley floor is no longer in view.

89 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 9: The view southwards from the Tan Llan Enclosure from its western edge. Llanfair Caereinion town is visible but the adjacent valley floor and the development site are not in view.

Plate 10: Neuadd Uchaf Farm viewed from the western side of the Tan Llan Enclosure, looking west northwest.

90 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 11: A view looking north across the western side of the Tan Llan Enclosure. The cropmarks of the multivallate defenced curve around from left to right across the ground between the tree to the centre left and the point from which the photograph has been taken There is no clear evidence of earthworks associated with the cropmarks here.

Plate 12: A view of the western side of the Tan Llan Enclosure, showing the rise in ground level from the enclosed terrace, to the right, and the “ridge” to the centre and left, along which the cropmarks of the defences are visible on aerial photographs. The “ridge” appears natural in origin.

91 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 13: A view of Maesteg house looking south. The proposed development would be located in the fields either side of the house. “Cae’r Sgubor” to the left and “Cae’r Bont” to the right (as they are named on the 1840 tithe survey)

Plate 14: A view of Maesteg house looking south-southwest from “Cae’r Sgubor” towards “Cae’r Bont”, showing the boundary hedge between the two fields.

92 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 15: A view of “Cae’r Bont” looking south from a gateway in the boundary hedge with “Cae’r Sgubor”. The modern terminus of the Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway is seen at the centre of the image and the buildings of the primary school to the right.

Plate 16: A view the primary school from “Cae’r Bont”, looking south- southwest, beyond which is the parish church. The upper part of the development here would be visible from the northeast end of the church.

93 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Plate 17: The reverse view of Plate 16, looking north-northeast from The northern side of the parish churchyard towards the proposed development. Mature trees and adjacent buildings would largely screen views of the development. Few views towards the development would be possible from with in the town.

Plate 18: A view looking north-northeast from the eastern side of the parish churchyard towards the proposed development. The upper slope of “Cae’r Bont” can be seen above the rooftops, surrounded by trees, just left of centre.

94 Land adjacent to Llys Awel, Pool Road, Llanfair Caereinion, Powys Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment Outline Planning Application P/2017/0200

Appendix D: Client’s Plan of Development

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