Sadat Joltsthe Kremlin SEE PAGE 2 The PLAIN TRUTH - SUPPORTED BY YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS the The Plam Tru th has no subscrIption or newsstand price II is $upponed through COnlribut/ons Irom our rea ders and those who have chosen, yoluntarily. to become cQ-worke/S with us in thiS worldWIde work The Plain Truth IS nonpro!!t, accepts no commerCial [p[ill~m TIrnrnTIrn advertising, and has noth ing to sell Contllbutlons are gra tefully welcomed and are tax-deductlble In the US. Q magazine of unde r s t anding Th ose who can are encouraged to add their financial support In the spirit 01 helping to make The Plain Trulh Vol. XLI NO. 5 Circulation: 2,912,825 available, With out price. to others Contributions should be sent to Th e Pla;n TrUlh. Pasaden a, CA 911 23 or 10 one 01 our oilices neares t you (see June 1976 addresses betow)

ARTICLES

Sadat Jolts the Kremlin! 2 Edltor·in-Chlef: HERBERT W ARMSTRONG Editor. GARNER TED ARMSTRONG Communists Who Think for 9 ManagIng Editor: Arthur A Ferdig Themselves News Editor. Gene H Hogberg Fealures Editor: De)[ler H Faulkner Art Direelor: Allen Morager Creation. 16 Alloclale Editors: Robert Glnskey. Srran KnoWles. Product of a Divine Idea RO!:teftl(uhn PublishIng Coordlnetor: Roger G Lrppross Copy Editors: Jim E Lea Peter Moore Five Ways to Enrich Your Marriage 24 Senior Editors: Raymond F McNa" ROdenck C. Mered,tn How to Recognize a Real Christian 28 Senior Wrllefl: Jell Cal",ns Doneld D. Schroeder. Keith Stump Human Survival; 31 Sowing the Seeds of Disaster? Contrlbuto,.: Ron Be,deck. D Paul Graunke. Ron Hor­ swell. Adb Muhladl. GorGon Mu,r Carole Ritter George Rnter. John R Schroeder The Cosmic Connection 36 Bureaus: Bonn WoHgang Thomsen, Brussels Ray Is Man Alone? Kosanke Sydney Don Abraham

News Research Siall: Donnalean Clausen. Wemer Jebens, Tom Rogers MarcSlahl

Graphics: DesIgn Coordlnalor Monte Wolverton. Asso­ FEATURES c'alill Art OfrectOf Greg S Smith. Slalt AlIiSIS Randall Cole, Garty Haooerty. Ron Lepeska Gary Richardson. Personal from the Editor Gene nl(as,oon. Mille Woodrull Pholography: PhotO SeMC&s Orrecror DaVid Conn, In Brief 5 Charles Buschmann, Ken Evans, Joyce Hedlund, Allred Hennrg. Walfen Watson Worldwatch 6 Photo Flies: Mana{}81 Alan Lener. Janice Neuleld

Olltees: AUCkland. NeN Zealand RObert Morton. Bonn Garner Ted Armstrong Speaks Out 42 Wesl Germany Frank Schnee. Sr Aloans, England Frank Brown. Burleigh Heads. AUSlral1B DenniS Luker; Jerusalem. Chrrs Patton, Johannesburg. South A/(Jca Rad io / TV Log 43 Robert Fahey; ManKa. Pn!lrfjpmes. CoHn Adair, UlrfJ(;ht. The NB/Ilerlancfs Roy McCarlhy VenCOUl'8r B C Canada Dean Wilson

General COu n. el: Stenley R Rader Business Manager. Raymond L Wnghl Circulation Manager: Jack Mart'n ABOUT OUR COVER Having boldly scrapped his nation 's friendship treaty with the Soviet Union, The PI(Jm Trulh IS published mon thly (e_cept eomblneo April-May ISSue) by Ambassadol College Pasadena CaJ­ Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is "ornla 91 123 eopyr.ghl 1976 Ambassador Cottege All nghls reserve

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 SADAT JOLTS THE KREMLIN! by Garner Ted Armstrong Egyptian President Anwar Sa­ dat boldly scrapped his na­ tion 's friendship treaty with the Soviet Union. But will he get the aid he needs from the United States? Here is a first­ hand report by the Editor of The Plain Truth, based on an exclusi ve intervi ew with the president of Egypt.

n th e wake of two Sinai dis­ engagement agreements with Israel. the fe eling in Ca iro is Ihal Iwar with Israel is no longer inevi­ table and that a lasting Mideast peace may now be within grasp. A meeting with Egypti an Presi­ d e nt Anwar Sadat leaves little dOli bi that this is his - and hi s people's - ard ent hope. " I think this is the fi rst time in the 27 years since the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict that there is a possibility of real peace in the a rea," the 57·year-old president declared du ring O Uf hou r-long conve rsa ti on at the Presidential Palace in Cairo on March 6. Peace is an integral part of Sa­ dat's maSter plan for Egypt's na­ tional reconstruction. Drained by years of costly war, th e impover­ "The Soviet Union is trying to bring ished natio n is seeking to rebuild its war·shattered economy a nd provide us to our knees. But I will get on my a bell cr life for its 37 millio n poor. knees before no one but Allah." Renewed fightin g would only serve to further devastate the cconomy. - Anwar Sadat But in th e unpredictable Middle to the Egyptian parl iament, Easl. no natio n can afford (0 fo re~o March 14, 1976 gu I1S for bu tter. Egypt - despite h'er desire for peace - realizes she ca n· not concentrate on re building her devastated economy at the expense

2 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 of maint ai ning adeq uate mil itary prepared ness. Conseq uently. Sad at's recent sur­ prise move against th e Soviets has placed him in a precario us position .

Bold Move At th e co ncl usion of a lengthy ad­ dress before Egy pt's People's As­ se mbly (parl ia ment) on March 14, Sadat d ropped an unexpec ted bombshell, decl arin g sternly: " The Sovi et Un io n is tryin g to bring us lO our knees. But I will get on my kn ees be fore no on e but Allah!" He th en dem and ed that parlia­ ment immediate ly nullify Egypt's 5- ye ar-old treaty of friendship and co­ operatio n with Moscow, wh ich he disda iningly term ed "a scrap of pape r. " The reques t was immedi­ ately and overwhelmingly approved by the asse mbly. Sadat cited Moscow's continuing fail ure to prov ide pro mised military support - new arms, aircra ft , and vital replacement parts - as th e pri ­ mary reason fo r his acti on. Pre­ viously a heavy supp lier of arm s to Egypt. the K remlin had prov ided her with virtually nothin g since th e 1973 M ideast wa r, while continuing to heavily aid Egypt's radical A rab THE FIRST LADY OF EGYPT ri va ls, Syria and Libya. Furt her att esting to his resolve to ihan Sadat, wife of the Egyp­ Mrs. Sadat first met her hus­ sever all military ties to the Krem­ Jti an president, is a leader in band - then an officer in the lin . Sadat also cance ll ed vita l Sovi et the struggle for women's rights army - soon after his release naval righ ts in Egyptia n paris. in Egypt. Her efforts and ex­ from prison, where he had been ample in this regard have done se nt as a result of his opposition Kremlin Motives much to inspire the women of to the regime of King Farouk. Sadat's acti ons clea rly ca ught an Egypt to assume a more modern She became his wife in 1951 at a embarrassed Kremlin all guard. ro le in the life of the country. time of great upheaval in Egypt T he Sov iet news agency Tass The chief obstacle in her effort as Sadat , Gamal Abdel Nasser, weak ly passed oft· th e trea ty's ca n­ to effect sweeping changes in and others fought to establish an ceB ation as merely an affirmati on of Egypt's laws relating to the fam­ independent republic. a rela tio nship which ha d become ily and women has been the en­ Mrs. Sadat 's overriding con­ "paralyzed" by Sadat's co ntinuing trenched tradition of centuries. cern is for the needs of her un friendliness. The Kremli n has as­ Women have traditionally played people. She is the founder of the serted that Egypt's huge un paid a secondary role, and wives of Talla Society, designed to help debt for previously delivered goods officials have generally been poor Egyptian villagers rise out was the main rcason for Moscow's shielded from public view. of their centuries-old backward­ slowdown in ar ms deli veri es. But from the outset, Mrs. Sadat ness and develop new skills and Sad at's priva te fee lings, howeve r, and her husband have striven to abilities. She is also the moving more accurately re fl ect the tru e situ ­ change all that. During the first force behind "EI Wafa wal Amal " at ion. He be li eves that Moscow's official presidential reception ("Faith and Hope" ), a program delayin g tacti cs were designed to soon after Sadat took office in for the rehabilitation of the hand­ create unrest within Egy pt which 1970, guests were surprised to icapped and disabled. the Kremlin hoped would lea d 10 see Mrs. Sadat walking into the In addition, Mrs. Sadat is a Sadat's overthrow and the emer­ room in front of the president. If strong supporter of birth control ge nce of a more radica l. pro­ past custom had been followed, and is active in the family­ Moscow leader. It is no secret that she wouldn't have been there at all' planning movement in Egypt. (Continued on page 4)

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 3 ther cooled th e already-icy Soviet­ Egyptian relations. But the treaty still remained in effect, a nd further allempts were made by EgyptLO elicit Soviet aid. Now, Russ ia 's continued failure to respond to Egypt's needs has fi ­ nally resulted in the complete te"ni­ nation of the 197 1 treaty.

Weapons From America? Sadal's bold move has finally cut Egypt adrift from Moscow's orbit and has cleared the way for in­ creased cooperation with the West. With br idges to Moscow now bu rned irrevocably, Sadat has ac­ tually created a new dependence on the West. The Egyptian president noted in his Ma rch 14 address that, within one year to 18 months, much of th e Soviet hardware presently in Egypt wi ll have deteri ora ted into scrap fo r EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT Anwar Sadat tells Garner Ted Armstrong: " The Soviets didn't provide us with the materiel they had promised. ... " lack of rep lacement parts and proper maintenance. Sada t therefore desperately needs M oscow ha s looked with disfavo r on Union on March 1-2 , 1971 , I told alternate mi litary aid 1O replace the Sadal's coope ra tion with Secretary them the fu ll details. We had a very Soviet eq uipment and kcep his K issinger's step-by-step Mideast hOl discussion th ere . . .. But in spite forces up to dale. peace diploma cy. of that, they still didn't send any­ Sad al's recent visits to West Ger­ In any case, Moscow's ac ti ons thing." many. France, and Italy - aimed. in have resulted in a wholesa le turn to President Sadat further related part. at finding new arm s sources - the West by Egypt. undoing Pre s i~ th at prior to Nasser's death in Sep­ produced some resu lts. notably in dent Nasser's eastward leap in 19 56 tember 1970. Egypt on a number of France. But the only place he can fo llowing th e refusa l by th e U.S. to occasions had asked the Soviets for obtain the quantity and quality of provide arms to Egypt and financ­ a friendship treaty. but the Kremlin, weaponry he needs is in the U.S. ing for th e Aswan Dam. for reasons of their own, had repeat­ At thi s writing. the Ford Adminis­ edly refused. But then in May 1971, tration appears to have won suf­ Stormy Relations the Soviets suddenly became agree­ ficient congressional support to Only days prior to his cance ll ation able. and Soviet Presidel1l Nikolai proceed with its plan to se ll Egypt of' th e Sovie t treaty, Pr esi9~nl S~Q~H PgQ!59rny Inlve\t;d !O Ca iro !O sign a six C· 130 transport pl anes as a kick­ expressed to me his gove rnment's 15-year treaty of friendship. But th e off deal. long di ssa tisfaction wit h Moscow's treaty, to Egypt 'S disappointment, Not surprisin gly, th e prospect of vacillat ion and bri efl y recou nt ed th e produced no appreciable increase in U.S. arms sales to Egypt has trig­ tension-ridden history of Soviet­ military assistance. ge red a vociferous out cry from Egyptian relations during the past 5 "I visited the Soviet Union four Israeli and American Jews, who feel years. times as presid ent - one secret visit that the sa le of the C-130s would "There have been great diffi ­ and three declared visits," Sadat only be the beginning of a long list cu lties." he explai ned. "[Former to ld me. "In those meetings we had of arms sales LO Egypt by the United Egypti an President] Nasser had vis­ very hot discussions. We differed States. ited th e Sov iet Union secretly in because they didn't provide us with Many analysts. however, feel that J a nuary 1970 ... and they had the materiel that they had promised when th e alternatives are carefully promised him certa in arms. He re­ to Nasser ... and lat er La me." considered. U.S. military aid to turned home in ve ry high sp irits, Sadat explained that Moscow's Egypt might actually serve the best and LO ld me a ll the details." failure LO provide Egypt wi th ad­ in terests of all concerned - in­ "When Nasser died [a few months va nced ofrensive arms finally re­ cluding Isra el - in th e long run. later]," Sadat co ntinued. " I asked su iled in his order for th e expulsion How? th e Soviets why they didn 't send in July 1972 of some 20.000 Soviet Ju st prio r to my vis it with Sadat [the prom ised arms]. They thought military advise rs from Egypt. This, in ea rly March. he had completed a Nasser hadn't LOld me about it. So for th e mOSt part, ended the Soviet tour of six wealthy Persian Gulf na ­ during my secret vis it to th e Soviet military prese nce in Egypt and fur- (Colllillued 011 page 41)

4 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 tinue to mount. Britain, under new Prime Minister James Callaghan, has seen the .poynd sterling plum­ met to its lowest level in history ($1.80). Conditions in Portugal and 1",8,,;4 Spain are clearly unsettled. In France , President Giscard by Stanley R. Rader D'Estaing has seen his popularity fall to its lowest level since he took office almost two years ago. (One will recall that he was victorious Italy's Red Tide over the opposition Socialist-Com­ munist alliance by the slimmest of ROME, April 21 , 1976: According Even though Italy 's Communist margins.) Today the socialist party to popular legend, Rome celebrated leaders have proclaimed they would of France is stronger than ever be­ its twenty-seven hundredth birthday continue to support Italian partici­ fore. today. But it 's not a very joyous pation in NATO, and although they As if U.S. Secretary of State K iss­ occasion. deny any interest in NATO "se­ inger didn't have enough to worry Throughout Italy the signs of na­ crets," Western military experts about in Europe, he has now em­ tio nal decay are everywhere - po­ seem convinced that an Italian barked on a trip through black Af­ litical violence and terror, Communist victory would spell the rica in an effort to shore up nationwide strikes, tumbling stock end of NATO, at least as it has been American positions in that troubled prices, political kidnapping, violent structured during the past three continent. st reet crime, and corruption of the decades. Next month, Plain Truth Editor­ highest officials of the government. It is, of course, clear that some­ in-Chief Herbert W. Armstrong and Overall hovers a generally inept and thing must be done in Italy to re­ I Will spend three or four weeks in corrupt bureaucracy, incapable of store a government that will begin Africa, including the Republic of pulling the nation together. to cope seriously with all of the South Africa. Last year Mr. Arm­ Now for the first time in thirty grave economic and political prob­ strong was aware of the important years, Italy's formidable Communist lems which confront the Italian changes about to take place in the Party may soon have an official ro le people. balance of equilibrium of black Af­ in the Italian government - if elec­ It is commonly believed by many rica, and we spent considerable tions take place this June as ex­ observers of the Italian political time in Ethiopia and Kenya. Imme­ pected. scene that a program of extreme diately thereafter we announced The specter of Communists en­ national austerity must be under­ plans to visit Nigeria, but they had tering a government of Western Eu­ taken immediately and that such to be postponed because the Nige­ rope has haunted both free can only be accomplished with the rian government which, on the sur­ Europeans and Americans since cooperation and participation of the face, had appeared to be very the end of World War II. Although Communists, who have a good stable, suddenly was overthrown in ostensibly the Communist Party of track record in running their many a coup d'etat. Even Mr. Kissinger Italy (PCI) has made every effort to municipal and regional govern­ finds himself unable to visit Nigeria carve out an independent position ments. It is only through such an on this present swing through Af­ in foreign policy from that of the all-out national effort, crossing even rica because his security cannot Soviet Union, Western leaders fear ideological lines, they believe, can be insured . that, should it ever gain firm politi­ Italy's deteriorating economic slide Mr. Armstrong 's message month cal control, it would abandon its into oblivion be halted. after month in The Plain Truth for moderate and independent position Meanwhile, the Italian people in more than 40 years has clearly and and fall under the dictates of the Rome seem to be fiddling as Rome vividly projected world events far in Soviet Union. burns. Never have the boutiques advance of their occurrence, as Secretary of State Henry Kiss­ seemed so busy. Never have the have the writings of others in this inger has been totally opposed to restaurants been more crowded. publication. We will always strive to any new Italian government in With the lira failing in value dail y, bring you the real meaning of the which the Communists would even Romans seem eager to unload their news. 0 have a part, such as the long­ depreciating currency for life's lux­ sought PCI goal of a "historic com­ uries while they are affordable. promise" between it and the Chris­ Each day sees yet another scandal tian Democrats. Kissinger has made hit the headlines - producing only AeTNOW .. ominous and melancholy state­ more popular contempt, scepticism, TO KEEP YOUR NEW ments about the effect of such a and disrespect toward the govern­ PL AIN TRUTH COM ING development upon all of Western ment. Europe and the whole Western al­ Throughout the nations of West­ SEE PAGES 22-23 liance. ern Europe, internal problems con-

The PLAIN TRUTf-I. June 1976 5 WGBLDWAfCR An Overview of Major News Events and Trends COMMUNISTS NEAR POWER IN ITALY- AS EUROPE'S UNITY DRIVE FALTERS

Amid unprecedented economic and social chaos. Italy is preparing for an early general election that could mark a major turning point in mod­ ern European hi story. The collapse in late April of the wobbly C hristi an Democratic gov­ ernme nt of Premier Ald o Moro ~ Italy's 38th government since the FADING DREAM: Jean Monnel, Hfa_ DREAM COMING TRUE: Enrico end of World War LI ~ has forced ther" of the Common Market. Europe 's Berlinguer, head of Italy's Communist Presid ent Giovanni Leone to dis­ unity momentum has al/ but stopped. Party, which is nearing national power. solve parliament and call a national election to break the political im­ road to a more perfect union." they [lhe heads of state] feel thal, passe. Reasons for the gloomy assess­ wh ile the might of the Soviet Union The election is to be held June 20 ments are clear and unavoidable. is growing, the Unjted States is leav­ and 2 I ~ a year ahead of schedule. One need look back no furlher than ing a vacuum that Europe cannot The upcoming ball oling could the most recent Common Market fill. " open the door for Communist Party Summit Conference this past April Writing in the April 12 New participalion in the next Italian gov­ I and 2, which ended up as a total Yorker, analyst William Pfaff makes ernment - a prospect which is send­ fai lure. Convened originally to try it plain that lbe step-by-step method ing shock waves lhroughout the to reach a formula on how the nine of uniling Europe via the process of Western alliance. states we re to be represen ted in a economic integration has rcached a At th e same time a "' Red Tide" is popularly elected European Parlia­ dead end. The leap from customs su rging in Italy, the dream of a menl. the conference ended up dead­ union to political union is appar­ "U niled Slates of Europe" has al­ lo cked on lhis key issue. en tly unbridgeable. He writes: "Eu­ mOSl faded from view, ecl ipsed by Nei th er cou ld decision s be rope plainly has a ll the unity it the forces of economics and un­ reached on other outstanding prob­ wants - or all the unity it can bear. quenchable n,uionaiism. lems such as inflation, un employ­ The calls regularly heard for new "European unity is now a punc­ menlo and - most critical of aU - initiatives, the plans and studi es tured lire. lik ely to slay nal and un­ how to dcal wit h a mounting fisca l made, the timetables proposed serve repaired for a lon g time to come." crisis broughl on by the sinking Brit­ as uni versally acceptable substitutes Such is the observatio n of long-time ish pound and Italian lira. for action that 00 one i.ntends to European affairs expert Don Cook, The mood of the nine heads of take. writing in the Los Angeles Times. state at the meeting was variously "Europe will not form a political "There is no use denying it," adds described as "gloomy." "bleak ," and union, because Europe cannot pos­ Thei Sommer, a leading West Ger­ "' morose." "The sense of fr ustration sibly agree on whal it wants to be­ man newsman. "Europe is in bad was intense," wrote the New York co mc. A united Europe has one, and shape ... in several respects the Times ' Flora Lewis, «not on ly be­ only one. obvious form to take: tha t Nine [Common Market members] cause there are no prospects now for of a federalion domimted by West have reached the end of the easy European unity but also because Germany and France .... But

6 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 Franco-G erman hegemony is not promise as givin g in to "plain bl ack­ understood in only th e most theo­ the Europe that the Dutch, Danes, mail." re tical, not legal, terminology. Belgians, and halia ns have in mind , While much or th e argument sur­ • On the iss ue o r derense: It is to say nothing or th e British and rounding th e can al generat es pas­ claimed by some th at the canal is Irish . ..." sionate emotions on both sid es, inderensible. William M ill er, who "U nity by degree" has run rull three major areas of controversy was Ba rry Gold wa ter's running steam into age-old nationalism. And ha ve emerged - sovereignty, de­ mate in 1964 and is now campa ign­ now, Commun ist parties in Italy re nse, and U.S. -Latin relati ons. ing ror Presid ent Ford, notes that and France threaten to gain power, • On th e first iss ue - th a t o r the Ameri ca n Joint C hi ers or Staff upsetting what lillie unity has been sovereignty - does the U.S. "own" estimate th at it would take 30,000 painfully achieved over the past two the Panama Canal a nd its accom­ marines to protect th e ca nal against and one hair decades. panyin g zone in th e same sense that insurgent allacks on th e part or the It is now cl ear th at unity in Eu­ it owns Alaska? Panamanians. He argues that , in the rope wi ll have to be hammered out According to the terms or the post-V ietnam era, dcrending the ca­ on a differen t anvi l. 1903 treaty between the U.S. and nal against a guerri ll a war wouldn't In this res pect, th e statements of Panama, Panama granted to the be worth th e cost in Am erican and Pope Paul to a gath ering or Euro­ United States "in perpetuity the use, Pan amani an lives. pean bishops last October 18 takes occupation and control" of th e zone Am erican opponent s of any new on added significance: " We think and authorized it to exerci se "all the treaty point out that there already th at only the Christian civili za ti on, ri ghts, power and authority within are 10,000 America n troops in th e rrom whi ch Europe was born, can the zone ... which the United States Zone, and an ex tra 20,000 or 30,000 save this continent from th e vo id it wo uld possess and exercise if it were would not be an unbea rable price to is expe ri enci ng . ... And it is there the sovereign or th e territory .. . to protect an America n possession, th at our mission as bishops in Eu­ the enti re exclusion of th e exercise particula rly when one realizes that ro pe takes on a g rippi ng per­ by the Republic or Panama of any Panama has no national army, only specti ve. No ot her human force in such sovereign ri ghts, power or au­ a 6,000-man na tional guard . Europe can render th e service th at is th ority." Panama's primary ag itati on ro rce confi ded to us, pro moters or the In implementing the treaty, the is composed or several thousand ra ith, to reawa ken Europe's C hris­ United Sta tes proceeded to acquire uni ve rsity stud ents, whom Torrijos ti a n so ul , where it s un ity is outright ownership of all land and cl aims to be holding in check - at roo ted." 0 other property in th e Canal Zone by least until a rter the electio ns. purchase rrom the individual own­ The bi g qu es tion on defense is ers. The ri ghts exercised by the th is: Is th e United States willing - it United States in the Canal Zone are is certainly able - to derend prop­ PANAMA CANAL deri ved, th erefore, fro m a grant by ert y th at is clearly its Ow n agai nst th e governm ent of Panama and pur­ any and a ll threats? CONTROVERSY chases rrom the indiv idual property • U.S .-Lati n Rela tions: The con" ow ners. ve ntional wisdom in America n di p­ HEATS UP The unusual phrase "if it were lo m a t ic c ircles is th a t U. S. In recent pres identi al prim aries sovereign" has ca used un told co n­ re li nquishing orjurisdiction over the rormer Calirornia governor Ronald rusion. But clearly the United States ca nal is a "test or maturity" and that Reaga n has re pea ted ly charged that has the ri ght uni latera lly un der th e co ntinued America n possession of th e ad minis trati on plans to surren­ treaty to re tain rull control of the th e ca nal re presents a "co lon ialist" der the U.S.-built and operated zone as lo ng as ilwishes to do so! enclave deep in the heart or a sover­ waterway to th e co nt ro l of th e re­ T he Panamanians reali ze full we ll eign nati on. gi me of Panamania n strongman th e meaning and in tent o f the But there is anoth er view, al­ General Omar Torrijos. treaty. T hat is why th ey want to tear th ough it has n't rece ived much at­ President Ford, ror hi s part, has it up and writ e a new one. Unu sual tention in the med ia. Thi s view ca ll ed Me. Reaga n's statements irre­ wordin g notwi th standing, there is takes into accou nt th e Latin pre­ sponsi bl e and said that ir negoti a­ no doubt who own s and who has occupation wit h th e concept of ti ons wit h Pa nama were broken off, exclusive ri ghts to th e ca nal and its machismo, or manliness. Specifi­ "a recurrence or the bloodshed th at zonal buffer: the United States. call y, it holds that if th e United took place in 1964" coul d result. Panama, it is recognized, has States were to demonstrate th e na­ T he Ford Adminis tration has "titular" or "res idual" sovereignty tio nal will and strength necessa ry to judged that it would be in the inter­ only, that is, should the United keep the canal, it wo ul d ea rn ro r the es t or th e United States to reach a States choose to leave. th e area re­ U.S. at least a begrudging respect compromise over the canal, and th e ve rts to the na ti on whic h made the rrom Lat in nat ions - pe rhaps not territo ry through whic h it ru ns, ori gi nal grant - Panama. When publi cly, but privately. whereby the Uni ted States would Panamania ns cla im - as th ey often retain access and defense rights , but do - that the zone is part or "their Loss Would Be Great give up politica l j urisdiction. Mr. territory" or is u(heir grea tes t natu­ T he canal is still ve ry important to R eagan has la beled any such com- ral reso urce," this rh etoric ca n be th e U nited S ta tes, both com-

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 7 mercia lly a nd milita rily. Two th irds icy statement ever issued in support is pressing Zaire to link up in a of all ships transiting the canal - of black Arrican demands fo r ma­ ·'special relationship" with the U.S. over 13,000 a year - sail to or from j o r ity rul e in white mi nority sim ilar to th e new ti es which Ki ss­ American ports. controll ed areas o f the southern part in ger fo rged with Brazil, a no ther O n the mi litary aspect. London·s o f the continent. mineral-rich power. on his recent Ecol1omisJ believes that the U.S. can In a Lusaka. Zam bia. speech th a t swing through Latin A meri ca. afford 10 surrend er the canal be­ amounted to a U.S. declaration of What Happens to " Majority Rule" ? cau se it now has a t\Vo~ocea n navy. psychological. economic. and diplo­ T he p roblem is. the size of the ma tic warfa re aga inst Rhodesia. Un fortunately. Kissinger1s new Afri­ American navy is sh rinking. The K issinger declared: "The Sa li sbury can rea/polilik is a big gamble from U.S. fleet has been a lmost halved in regime must understand that it can­ two perspectives. No one can p re­ less than eigh t years - from 900 not expect United States su pport ei­ dict what will happen to American ships in 1968 10 around 450 today. ther in diplo macy or in material commercial assets in s llb~Saharan The Soviet navy. on the other hand. help a t a ny stage in its con fl ict wit h Africa. especially the Repu blic of has grown rapidly to between 1.000 African sta tes o r African liberation South A rrica. which at over $ 1Y.! b il ­ and 2,000 ships, depending on how movements." He emphasized fur­ lion represents the sing le most im­ one CQunts certain kinds ofvcsse ls. ther, "On the contra ry. it [Rhodesia] portant investment in any country The great disparity between the wi ll face our un relen ting opposition on the continent. U.S. and the U.S.S.R. in tota l ships unt il a fi na l sett lement is achieved." Second ly. support fo r majority makes it even more important tha t Kissi nger th reatened Rhodesia ru le in no way precludes a bloody the U.S. navy be ablc 10 shift what with congress ional repeal of the SO~ fu ture for bo th blacks and whites in relative ly few ships it does have to called By rd amendment which sou thern Africa. The new policy wherever th ey arc need ed. making a llowed the U.S. to import Rhode­ portends neither more freedom. de­ the ca nal comparative.ly more valu­ sian chrome in violation o f Un ited mocracy, nor civil ri ghts for nations able m ilita rily than in recent years. Nations sanctions. He a lso said that considered by blacks as yet "unlibe­ At present. there arc more than U.S. citizens wou ld be warned ra ted" rrom their colon ia l past. eno ugh votes in the U.S. Senate to against traveling to Rhodesia o r en­ The tru th is, of the 49 countries in block th e ratifica tion of any new couraged to leave if residing there Africa. most of whom received inde­ treaty with Pa nama. Yet the bulk of now. pendence arter Wo rld War II , 15 are those votes usually si d e with the In addi tion to his warnings LO under di rect military rule, and 29 Ford admin istratio n o n o ther mat­ R hodesia, K issinger warned the have one-party civ ilian govern­ tcrs. and therefore may be subject to government of' South Africa that it me nts. Only 5 nations - t\\lO o f administratio n pressure. Further­ had less time than it thought to put them being Rhod esia and South Af­ more. it is rumo red tha t onl y 20 of an end to apartheid. its policy or rica - have multipa rty polit ical sys­ the 38 senators who are o n record as separate racia l development. He tems. Three o ut of fo ur Africans live opposing the new treaty are really u rged the So uth African govern­ under authori ta rian regimes. " ha rd core." ment to anno unce a lo ng-avo ided In other words, in most black Af­ It is very possible that what has timetable fo r self-determinatio n in ri ca n nations. the highly espoused been called "the most ambitious en­ South West Africa. ideal of one-man-one-vote b lack gineerin g undertaking in the history majority ru le through the electoral Fear of the Soviets of mankind:' built and maintained process quickly brea ks d own 10 a at a cost or $7 billion in U.S. tax Behind the sudden strong U.S. sup­ com plete farce of the d emocrati c money. o ne o f the g reatest sy mbols port ror black majo r ity ru le in p rocess. It becomes, as eco n o mi s t~ o f American technical and eco­ sO llthern Africa lies the remarkably columnist Miho n Friedman puts it. no mic power, will soon come under swift victory of Soviet-backed forces '"minority rule by a black elite that the jurisdicti on of General Oma r in Angola in mid-February. controls th e o ne party permitted to Torrijos Herrera and his Ilh million T o Washington's way of thinking, ex ist." citizens. 0 it is necessary to get o n the black Nevertheless. in the rush to sal­ liberation "bandwagon" befo re it's vage what's le ft of a U.S. rol e in LOo la te - before more of Africa Arrica. 10 block further Soviet ad­ ralls into Marxist hands. and bil­ vances. and to guarantee continued AMERICA'S NEW lions of dollars of U.S. in vestments access LO raw materials vita l to are Jost and American access to the America n industry. these fa cls, it AFRICAN POLICY continent's inva luable strategic raw would seem, must be set totally In an eleventh-hour a tt empt to re­ materials is cut off. '-' asid e for th e sake of pO litical and vive the crumbling American image It is for this reason that. shortly econo mic expedience. in Arric". U.S. Secretary o r State after his stro ng stand on Rhod esia. Undoubtedly this is the reason Henry Kiss in ger embarked o n a K issi nge r s topped in Za·i re. the why Secretary Kiss inger chose not sudden la te-April to ur or a hair former Belgian Congo. Za'ire is a n to s peak out eq ua lly as s trong d ozen black African nations. immense mineral storehouse whose aga inst th e o ne-party black minority A major objective was to put o n fu ll poten t ia l has barely been regimes in some o f the countries he record the stro ngest American pol- tapped. It is obviolls th a t Kissinger vis ited. 0

8 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 dl f )rIidUIUJ ComuriiSI Roman

BOOKS FOR SALE in Bucharest: Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Cea usescu - th e pantheon of Romanian communism. YUGOSLAVIA & ROMANIA COMMUNISTS WHO FOR THEMSELVES

by Gene H. Hogberg . photos by Dexter H. Faulkner & the author

Two nations tucked into the southeast corner of Europe are vigorously pursuing their own individual paths to communism. The big question is: How much longer will Moscow permit them to do so? 9 LAND OF "CONSUMER COMMUNISM": Striking new buildings (left) characterize Novi Beograd, or New Belgrade. "Car remover" (right) clears the narrow streets of the older part of the Yugoslav capital of illegally parked cars. Surging auto­ mobile ownership presents a major problem.

sla vi a's unique bra nd of highly Yu goslav ia has two major eco­ Lasl sprillg fwO Plain Truth edi­ un orth odox "consum er co mmu­ nomic probl ems common to much tors visited the nations of Easlern nism" has produced some rath er re­ of the West inflati on and Europe all a lour spollsored by rh e marka ble results. unemployment, the latter a t 10% Naliollal Press Club of Washillg- bein g an anath ema to ordinary 1011 , D.C. Here is Parr If of Iheir Worker Selt-Management Communist economi es where the slory. Two years after he decla red Y ugo­ right 10 work is usua lly gua ranteed slavia 's independence from Stalin In in stat e constitutions. And , like eein g Belgrade aga in aner 13 1948, Presid ent Josip Broz Tito - neighbo rin g It aly, Yu gos lav ia has a yea rs was a striking experience. now in hi s 85 th year - install ed the "southern" problem. The re publics S When I first visited the Yugo­ conce pt of "wo rkcr sel f-manage­ of Montenegro and Macedonia are slav capital in 1962, automobiles ment. " Industry is almost exclu ­ lim ping wa y behind prosperous re­ were old a nd relatively few, clothing sively sta te owned. but only loose publics of Sloveni a and Croatia io was ex pensive a nd of poor quality, central pl anning emanat es from the north. a nd th e city itself looked provincial Belgrade. The dift'e rent public en­ As far as agri cultu re is concerned, and Old-worldly. terprises compete with each oth er here again the YugOSlav model is But all th is has chan ged no w. and with imported goods from th e unique for a Communist stat e. To­ Long lines of Mercedes tfu cks and ca pitalist Wesl. day peasants hold eighty-fi ve per­ Yu gOS lav- made Fiat automobiles In-plant wo rk ers' council s direct ce nt of Yugoslav fa rmland, owning cl og overburdened streets and high­ productio n every step of the way. eight out of ten tra ctors, one in ways. The citizens o f Belgrade a p­ They de bate a nd agree on produc­ every three co mbines. The pri vate pea r as we ll dressed a s th ei r ti on targets, and they elect (a nd farm ers are res ponsible for al least co unt erparts in W es tern Europe. oft en adve rtisc in th e news papers seventy percent of a ll fa rm pro­ Mos t rema rkable of all, No vi Beo­ for) supervisory personn el. duction. grad - "New Belgrade" - a giant Western economi c ex perts. co m­ All this shows how much Yugo­ cluster of modern apartment co m­ paring the Yugoslav model to the slavs of all ra nks have at stak e in plexes. ba rely begun in 1962, has traditional state monopoly econo­ prese rvi ng their uniqu e politi ca l and mushroomed on th e plain s across mies elsewhere in Eas tern Euro pe. economic system. th e Sava River fro m the old cit y. gen erall y come up with praise. Most observers feel th at the system Thc buildings are not like the ugly Th ei r major criti cism of th e system will face its greatest chall enge in th e bandbox prefabs so common to the is th e amount of tim e consumed by peri od whi ch must in ev itab ly come Soviet U nion Hnd the res t of "'socia 1- th e endless counc il meetin gs. Som e­ to pass some day wit h th e "retire­ is t" Europe. These have style, taste, one added it up to being the equiva­ ment" of modern Yu gosla via's chi ef even a cena in amount of nair. lent of ro ughly one workin g mont h architect. Tito himself. (No one da res All this is ev idence th at Yugo- per man per yea r. to spcak of his "dea th.")

10 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 TOUGH TALK TO THE SOVIETS from two powerful Eastern leaders: Romania 's Ceausescu, left, asserted at last faff's European Security Conference that all European nations had the right to be "fully masters of their own destinies and to build their own future as they wish, without any outside interference. " President Tito of Yugoslavia, right, taking a stroll at the Helsinki meeting, told delegates (but again with Russia clearly in mind): "We demand unconditional respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our country. "

Collective Presidency the en d of Yugoslavia's twenty-eight One thing is for certain. If Yugo­ To carryon the sh ip of state after­ years of independence, slavia were ever brought back into th e Moscow-dominated East Euro­ wards, Tito ' has created an eight­ " Al l-Nation Defense" mall collective state presidency. The pean bloc, the ramifica tions would eight are to represent Yugoslavia's Not that Yugoslavia would be be immediate and disastrous for the six repu blics and two autonomous that easy a mark. Her army, relying West. NATO si mply could not sur­ regions. heavily on tactics successfully devel­ vive with a YugOSlavia in the War­ Since no national - truly Yugo­ oped in the rugged mountain war­ saw Pact - one reason being that slav as opposed to regional - figure fare days of World War II. is tough the Soviet navy would be able to use has emerged to pick up Tito's and well-equipped. To stay that Yugoslav ports on the Adriatic just mantle, the collective concept is the way, Belgrade is considering the re­ across from politically ,unstable way he has chosen to deal with the sump tion of American arllls pur­ Italy. centrifugal force of regional nation­ chases. A new jet fighter is being There is an old say ing th at when alism, which always lies just below built in conjuncti on with neighbor­ something moves in the Balkans, the surface of YugOSlav politics. ing Romania. Europe quivers. This is why the Four years ago, for example, Tilo And beginning last fa ll , a course post-Tito era 160ms so large for all felt compelled to crack down hard in "all-nation defense" against fu­ of Europe. on separa ti sm in his own native ture attack was begun in selected Croatia which he felt, if left un­ universities to provide graduates Romania's "Tito" checked, would have threatened the who will teach the subject in a ll No two neighboring countries cou ld whole federal system. schools - from elementary to uni­ be more dissimilar in so many re­ A flare-up of separatism would versity level. spects than Yugoslavia and Ro­ play straight into the hands of the "The involvement of women and mania - the next step on our trip. greatest feared threat of all - direct youngsters is in itself a calculated Yet th e two share one very impor­ Soviet intervention to fo rceably re­ deterrent to an invader who might tant common factor: a powerfu l po­ turn Yugoslavia to ilS former place not want to risk the international litical personality at the helm. in the Eastern bloc. By playing oft· opprobrium that the slaughter of in­ What Tito has been to Yugoslavia one nationality against another and nocent women and children would for many years, Nicolae Ceausescu heating up a national cri sis, rival, bring," a Western military specialist since 1965 has been to Romania. clandestine, pro-Moscow Commu­ said. "The all-nation defense idea Critics in other East bloc countries nists would be all too willing to issue would essentially be a holding op­ claim that a "cult of personality" the invitation 1O the Red Army to eration to allow the military to orga­ has been constructed around the 58 ''' res tore order." And that would be nize full-scale resistance." year old leader. And not without

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 " WITH MODERN BELGRADE skyline in the background, ancient Kalemegdan Fortress overlooks Sava River.

some justification. Ceausescu is not upon leaving the plane. even though Warsaw-Pact. or a ce ntral head­ only Romania's pany chief, but a lso we would only have had to walk quarters staft· such as NATO em­ president, commander-in-chief of about 100 feet to reach the terminal ploys. As a result the Warsaw Pact the army, and director of Romania's door. The trip was so short that the remains a loosely coordinated econom ie policy. tram driver circled back around the grouping, almost entirely under So­ If a "personality cult" can be plane to make the journey seem viet control. measured in terms of the number of longer. The en tire run was con­ In some respects then, Romania is pictures and posters of the person in ducted under the watchfu l stare of to the Warsaw Pact what France is publi c, then Mr. Ceausescu would armed sentries. to NATO - in the a lli ance, but rate very high. Ceausescu pictures The price of Romania's progress, dragging its heels on the command­ in Romania are what Lenin posters it was apparent, is curtailment of structure issue. are in the Soviet Union. freedom - even for tourists. As a further irritation to Moscow, But the men at the apex of Roma­ Ceausescu has continually call ed for Tight Reins nian politics have set their course. the simultaneous abolition of both Mr. Ceausescli is a powerrul fig­ To their way of thinking, tiglll con­ the Warsaw Pact and NATO - an ure at the head of a regime that. trols in all spheres of society are idea the Russians don' t accept. despite many Weste rn ties. brooks necessa ry to guarantee Romania's Moscow stressing that NATO has to ·no opposition and maintains. in sovereignlY· be dissolved first. stark contrast to Yugoslavia. very tight internal control. Resisting Russian Pressure Economic Self-Determination One sensed the difference imme­ M r. Ceausescli does not enjoy the In the broad field of trade and eco­ diately upon la nding at Bucharest's privilege of his country being com­ nomics. Romania has been even airport on a flight from Belgrade. pletely independent as is the case morc of a thorn in the Russ ian side. On the apron sat three new with YugOSlavia. Romania is a Ever since he LOok over lhe reigns Boeing 707s - illustrating Western member, though a somewhat balky of power, Mr. Ceausescu has vigor­ economic Li es. But viewing the one. of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact, ously pursued a Romania- fi rs t pol­ marching (and a t times double-tim­ as well as Comecon, the East-bloc icy begun in the early 1960s. ing) soldiers sponing submachine trade grouping. The Romanians have steadfa stly guns both on th e outside of the air­ But Mr. Ceausescu has steadfastly determined to push their own rapid pon as well as in the lobby, one refused to a ll ow Warsaw Pact ma­ industrialization program. ralher . quick ly grasped he had entered a neuvers on Romanian soil or to than JU St being the garden spot and co ulltry with very rigid controls. gra nt th e Russians a military supply gasoline pump for the East - the Bucharest airport wa s also the corrido r to Bulgaria. No Soviet 1\I,:in roles the Russians wanled to only port of entry where we have t roop~ are stationed in Romania. give them in Comecon ever been searched on the way in! Ceausescu has also refused to ac­ The reason for Me Ceausescu's And for some curious reasori. we cept a decision to create an 111- intransigence is very clear: It is only were loaded onto a n a irport tram tegrated command structure in the (Continued on page /4)

12 The PLAtN TRUTH June 1976 , \

BUCHAREST VIGNETTES Clockwise from above: an apprehensive young citizen of Bucharest clasps father's thumbs while balancing on a bicycle; woman at an open-air village museum repairs relocated Romanian farm house in traditional manner; in front of the national theater, women gardeners tend to a flower patch. Women work side by side with men on many heavy projects in Romania's intensive industrialization program; balloon salesman makes change for customers. Simple pleasures make do for a population continuously asked to sacrifice individual goals for national advancement. THE OIL FIELDS OF PLOESTI, about an hour's train ride north of Bucharest. Petroleum and petroleum products are key elements in Romania's growth-oriented economy. th rough a hi gh level of self-suffi­ In power for cleven years now, he Icum, it would n' t even have been ciency, he maintains, that a small has lea rned, says one Wcstern diplo­ th a t hi g h. Ily 1973, the fi gure had sta te can uphold a posit ion of some ma ti c source, " not to spit in the eye jumped tenfold to $800; by 1990 it independence wit hin an a lliance o f th e Kremlin any more than you is expected to ri se to $3,500. dominated by a big power. have to." Ceausescu too has lea rn ed As of late 1975, Roman ia 's an­ H e maintains, furthermore, that from the Hungarian and Czech ex­ nual g rowth rate was a rcmarkable there must be total equali ty o f na­ periences that there arc limits to 14%. One thi rd of her GN P is ti onal commu nist panics, never sub­ what o ne can do. plowed back into industrial in ves t­ servience. The major factor in his favor is a ment every year. Chem ical and pe­ political o ne. Ceausescu has always trochemical industries - Romania's How to Stay in Power made it clear to th e Russians that, industrial base - a re growing a t a In many ot her respects. Romania des pite purs uing hi s own diplomatic 20% annual clip. Industry wi ll con­ and in particular Mr. Ceausesc ll a nd economic goals, th e a utho rity of tinue to suck workers in fro m the have been able prelty mllch to have th e Communist Party in Ro mania farms, which sti ll employ 45% of the th eir own way, Soviet displeasure will never be d il uted. Such was not la bor force. notwi thstanding. the case with Czechoslovaki a in Just by watching the crowds swirl­ In th e whole East bloc. only Yu­ 1968 when the Dubeek rcgi me was in g a t Ilucharest's North Ra ilway goslavia has a greater proporlion of rapid ly libera lizing its polit ical ma­ Stat ion, one realizes very quickly it s trade with the ~' est. A major key chinery. fr om their appearance that a heavy to that westwa rd trade lu rch was es­ percentage of them were working in tablishi ng diplomatic ti es wi th West Ambitious Plan the fields not very many mo nths Germany, which waS accomplished Few realize j ust how rapid ly th e ago. in 1967, to the chagrin of Moscow Romanian economy has grown in whidl until that time was the only recen t years - and what it s leaders Consumers Pay Eastern country which forma lly rec­ arc shooting for in the future. The ObviOUSly, with such an a ll -out ef­ ognized Bo nn. goal is noth ing less than to join in fort , somebody has to pay, In this The next year, Romania refu sed the ranks of the fully developed na­ case. it is the Romanian consumer. to join the Warsaw Pact invasion of tio ns by th e early 1990s. Wholesale purchasing o f Wcstern Czechoslovakia. Not bad for a nation that lip to techno logy, p lus heavy foreig n In 197 1. Ceausescu made another the o utbreak of Wo rl d Wa r II was debls, mcans that th e best of wha t daring political foray - a visit to ()I1e of the poorest count ries in all Ro ma nia produces has to be sold, in mainland China. the chief Soviet Europe. turn. to the West. rival for international communist Even i,n 1950. Romania's per ca p­ Romania's coll ective farms (and leadership. ita incomc was o nly $80 - about the small private plots whi ch, it is ru­ The Romanian head of state has levcl of Bangladesh today' If it mored, also will bc prcssed into th e so fa r played his cards masterfully. we re n't for her abundancc of pctro- se rvicc of th e state) produce high-

14 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 AT A SERVICE STA TlON IN BUCHAREST, a telephone company route man cranks up the starter on his Romanian-made jeep-like vehicle. To the left is a "Dacia," a French Renault automobile made under license in Romania.

quality apples and IOmalOes. But Yugosla via as well ~ have been way beyond the "spirit of Helsinki" you'll never see them in the food much more concerned about this in recognizing the Soviet Union's slOres of Bucharest. They are all generation. And uppermost in their "natural role" in Eastern Europe packed for exporl, leaving only concerns are hints of what they con­ has angered the two most indepen­ bruised fruit behind. sider to be a significant policy rever­ dently minded East European The same with meal. Inside a sal by Washington toward the whole states, Yugoslavia and Romania. Bucharest store. we noticed about of Eastern Europe. The Communist Party newspaper two dozen varieties of unappealing, Their fears surround the reve la ­ Borba of Yugoslavia hinted strongly extremely fatty sausage, but no red tion of a secret briefing held in Lon­ on April 14 that relations with the meat. That's for export only. Al­ don in December for American United States could be endangered though Romanian fi shermen catch ambassadors by a top state depart­ if WaShington did not respect Bel­ 40 varieties of Black Sea fis h. most ment official. Helmut Sonnenfeldt. grade's "independent and nona­ of the output never stays home. Mr. Sonnenfeldt said that the li g ned po li cy." Canncd goods included fruits Un ited States s hould encourage an The Romanian Communist Pany from Communist China. These had "organic" relationship between Rus­ newspaper Scillleia added the same to be purchased to balance the sia and the East Europeans. day: "It can be assessed thal the China account. (Meanwhile. hun­ The clear implication was that Sonnenfeldt Doctrine. by its whole dreds of tons of Romanian peaches closer ties between Moscow and her essence. is a doctrine of denying the a re sold e lsewhere.) Locally pro­ client states would prevent any fu­ peoples' right to independence. free duced canned items had quite a few ture uprisings in the bloc. which development. a doctrine of domina­ labels slapped on crookedly. some could produce such consternation lion and oppression ... a doctrine or even upside down. Wines looked to and irra ti onal behavior in Moscow dividing the world into zones of in­ be of a utilitarian nature. The best that a major Eas t-West blowup fluence among th e big powers." st ufr is again sold abroad. leading to World War III cou ld oc- If the "Sonnenfeldt Doctrine" in­ The current five-year plan doesn't cur. deed represents new U.S. pOlicy hold o ut any mo re promising pros­ His choice of the word horganic" toward El:lstern Europe. it is cer­ pects for the man o n the street ei­ was an unfortunate one. Son­ tainly not based upon strength. but ther. Little wonder one Romanian nenfeldt has since admitted, He upon acqu iescence to the Soviet businessman remarked (privately. o f meant to say, he said, something U ni on. Washington, which now course): "We're all getting a little lik e a "more tolerant," "more com­ seems to find the cases of Yugo­ tired of continuously being told to plicated" relationship that would slavia and Romania "uncomfort­ work for the next genera ti on." a llow the Eastern Europeans more able" in ItS bigger detente dealings latitude for their nalio nal aspira­ with the Soviets. will only do itself "Sonnenfeldt Doctrine" tions. harm in the long run if it turns its For the past few months, however. Nevertheless, the very idea that back on these two peoples. Romania's leaders - and those in the United States seems to be going (To be continued)

TIle PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 15

HAnything as well ordered and perfectly created as is our earth and universe must have a Maker, a Master Designer. Anything so orderly, so perfect, so precisely balanced, so majestic as this creation can only be the product of a Divine Idea . ...

HThere must be a Maker; there can be no other way."

Dr. Wernher von Braun AYe!! m(()f!i: :UR PLAIN TRUTH SUBSCRIPTION ow that you've had a chance to look over the new N Plain Truth magazine, we hope you'll agree It 's better than ever. As you can see, we 've returned to the popular, full-color, news-magazine format. Now 48 pages, each issue is packed with hard-hitting, incisive articles from Plain Truth 's unique perspective . The Plain Truth is unlike any other publication in th e world. It keeps you ahead of the times by analyzing world events in Ihe light of Bible prophecies. Major events now taking place in the world were being pre­ dicted 35 years ago in The Plain Truth. And the real, big news is yet 10 occur in the near future. In addition, The Plain Truth points the way to more successful liv­ Ing and offers practical solutions to the problems of everyday life . Throughout the year , we 'll be giving you a wide selec­ tion of stimulating , thought-provoking reading. Here's a small sampling of articles already in the works: • Why Parents Are Running Away from Home • What Does the Bible Say About Astrology? • Noah 's Ark - FOUND? • Euthanasia - Do We Have a Right to Die? We 'll be happy to keep sending you the magazine, but you musl let us know right away that you want to con­ tinue receiving it. Just return the attached envelope With the appropriate boxes checked. As you may know, The Plain Trulh has always been supported by the contributions of concerned readers . In the past , however, we have not informed our general readersh ip of our financial needs. But now, spiraling publishing costs make It increasingly difficult for us to make this quality magazine available to all who want and need it. So we must take you into our confidence WHAT OUR READERS SAY : and ask for your support. I enJoy your magazine - possibly more than any other I have eve r Can you contribute $5,00 or more to The Plain I'ead on a continuing ba SIS. It offers more "eye-opening ' ex­ Truth with your renewal? planations for some of the comm only Ignored and unexplained In­ conSistenC ies In our time than I have ever read - before or sin ce. I Your generosity will be greatly appreciated. Your con­ get a 101 from yo ur editorials and articles, Keep liP the good work! James R Peterson, tribution (tax-deductible in U.S.) will help make it pos­ Blackfool. 10 sible for us to continue the magazine in ItS present \ format and Will help make The Plain Trulh 's benefits Even though we have TV and radiO. we sllli don'l gel as much as J available to others less fortunate. Of course, those who wha! comes Into our home through your wonderful magaZine • cannot afford a donation at this time may still feel free Mrs Rose K Bender, North Hollywood, CA to request the magazine. But whatever your decision , we must hear from you as I get more lOy more pleasure. and more sallsfactlon out of read­ mg The Ptam TrUlh and The Good News Ihan the local newspapers soon as poss l ~ e . /J m So here 1$ my contribution for The Plam Truth. I would be tost With­ 7 ou t It Th ank you very much Nellie Anderson. AI,,,,,,, ~ t?--~ Editor Shreveport. LA 22 COMPLIMENTARY 1------1 I D PLAIN TRUTH Subscription Request. It the envelope I BOOKLET has already been taken, use rh ls coupon Please Indicate I I the amount of any dona ti on (lax-deductible In U.S.) I 0 4 subscriptions 520 0 1 subscription 55 1 PRINCIPLES 1 0 2 subscriptions 51 0 1 I 0 Please send the free booklet. Principles of Healthful Living I OF I If you are responding to a renewal or a sample copy. please 1 HEALTHFUL 1 print the subscnpllOn number from your Plam Truth address I LIVING I label in the boxes be low. 1 I I I I I-I I-I I We'd like to send you this important new booklet as a to­ I I ken of our appreciation for your contribution, which I I helps make The Plain Truth possible. I I I I Note: If you've already subscribed or renewed in 1976, or I I are one of our active co-workers, it is not necessary for I I L ______~~ J you to renew at this time.

23

i vo rce lawye rs, marriage di scuss ion in stilted circumstances. counselors. and sociologists It begin s th e moment you wake up, FIVE Dusually li st thre e to seven ma­ and it lasts a ll through th e day. Hus­ jor problem areas in a marri age. bands, call you r wife from the office Here is a discuss ion of th e fi ve m OS t if possib le. Take her for a walk. WAYS TO prominent ones. Don't be afraid to pi tch in with By reversing the major, under­ house hold chores when the need lying problem in each area, yo u will arises. Spend an evenin g reading to­ ENRICH be attacking the roo t ca use of most ge ther. Comment to each oth er on marria ge pro blems. what yo u're lea rning. Say UJ love yo u." Each one of thcse is unselfish I. learn to Communicate communication at .its bes t. In short , YOUR Marria ge counselors li st co mmunica ­ love one another. tion at th e very top of needed mar­ ria ge skiHs. One divorce la wye r II. Build Compatibility and MARRIAGE went so far as to say: " It has been Companionship my experi ence th at in at least 90 '"' BUl we're not compati ble ," answer percent of a ll divorce cases, th e rea­ millions of unhappy couples. " We by Gary Alexander so n for th e terminati on of th e mar­ j us t don't have anything in com­ ri age. if it had to be re so lved in on e mon. " Why unhappy marriages? Why phrase, would be 'lack of co mmuni­ Chances are, before they were divorce, desertion, and en li on.' " married. most couples lhought they marital unhappiness after a Hugo A. Bordeaux, ex ecutive di­ had everything in comm on. Never young couple exchange vows reC LOr of the Marriage Counselin g were two people so ideally matched, of "to love until death do us Servi ce, Ba lt imore, Maryl and , said: most couples th ought. But wh y th e part" ? Here are five practical "All over Am eri ca, hu sband s and ide a now th at they a re in­ steps you can take to be one wives ca nn ot talk to each oth er. compatible? This, I am convin ced, is our Number of a shrinking minority - the "Incompatible" is probably th e One marriage problem. mos t rreq uently mentioned but least happily married couple. BUl why this gul f betwee n a hus­ understood of a ll terllls regarding ba nd and wife who talked be/ore marri age problems. Of course, no th ey we re marri ed and , chances arc) two persons a re perfectly com­ fo r monlhs after th ey marri ed? Is patible or wh o ll y incompatible. th ere nothing left lo talk about? O nly by liv in g with a person do you No. that iSIl'r the problem. lea rn his or her habits and pec ul iar­ The real diffi culty is neglect. The iti es. Compa tibility is nOt a birth­ hu sban d no lon ger seems interested rig ht , but an adju stment. The in th e wi fe and vi ce versa . The hu s­ greates t adjustm ent is to expand band ma y be more engrossed in hi s yo ur own way or life to include an­ fa vorite TV program. hobby or job. other's way of life. Too many men How can thi s be overcome? Onl y in and \vamen want th e othe r party to one way. Both husband and wife do a ll the adjusting. must lea rn how to show true love Compatibility is a process that and concern for each other. grows. The degree to which a couple Genuine love is out go ing concern . in crease th eir compatibility is the It is pointed away from self. It is a degree to whi ch th eir marriage will desire to help, to serve, to give to the become reward ing. one who is the obj ecl of th at love. If yo u really feel you have noth­ And no one ever "just ha ppened" to in g in common, make a list of all give his lire away or share his tim e, enj oyable things lhat you have done labor, thoughts. cares, hopes. and or haven't done but you wish you dreams with anoth er human be in g. co uld. List between 10 and 25 items. It takes work. Ask your spouse to do th e sa me For you, step num ber one could thing. separately. When you have well be to turn olf that lelev ision set both co mpleted this, compare lists. ea ch night (o r limit view ing to an In most cases th ere will be at least hour or so each evening) . Take time· one comm on point of interes t be­ to discuss the da y's activities, "s mall tween yo u - proba bl y several. Use talk" al ong with th e important de­ th at activity as a building block for ve lopments. Bring th e whole fa mily doing things together. in to th e discuss ion. T he more a coupl e th ink and do Communication is nO l just quiet togeth er, the Ill ore compa lible th ey

The PLAI N TRUTH June 1976 25 become. Struggling together against ica. but many of these vol um es doesn't wo rk out as the manu als say misfortune or to rcach common merely aggravated th e marit al woes it should. goa ls is basic to marriage soli darity. which they we re urging us to esca pe. What is wrong? It usually in­ A surveyor 250 happily married About half or the 45 mill ion mar­ vo lves the mi ssing ingredient in sex wives disc losed that the over­ ri ed couples in the U.S., it is ~ an outgoin g co ncern fo r your whelming reply to the question claimed, are "sexually incompatible mate. Sex is merely the height of "What do you like most about your to some degree." It is Hthe great ph ysical communication and com­ husband?" was ··companionability." ca use for divo rce in this country." panionship shared in the supreme Yet. so orten couples lack this according to th e now-famous re­ ex pression or that love. so lid feeling th at they are compan­ search team of Mas ters and John­ Marital sex matures as the couple ions together throughout li re. son. Others estimate three rourths or increase in true love for each other. Remember. no two people have all married couples are sexually In ract. a fulfilling sex ual relation­ exactly the same likes and dislikes. troubled. with only about 10 percent ship is impossible apan rrom an ou/­ But that is not necessarily a handi­ or these due to physical malrunc­ going, physical expression or love - cap to a happy marriage. Two lions. not a se lfi sh expression of lust. people or quite different natures are But aren't a ll those "love guides" IV. Achieve Financial Compatibility sometimes strongly attracted to each helping these couples out or thei r Olher. Many authorities say these ignorance? Not necessarily so. Financial problems in marr iage are complement ary marriages so me­ Dr. Stephen Neige r, executi ve di­ really only an eflect of husbands times have even more po tential th an rector of the Sex In fo rmation and a nd wives not com mun icating the carbon-copy pairings. Education Councilor Canada (point one). Finances are cit ed as a The so lu tion once aga in is out­ (S IECCAN). said. " Most or th e major ca use of divorce, but they are going interest for onc's partner. troubled couples who come to see onl y an eft'ect or th e other problems Happiness in marriage on this point me for counse ling have read three listed above. Many people live ha p­ is determined by how much two o r fou r books on how LO make love, pily on a small salary whe n they people are wi ll ing to overlook dif­ and have been so damaged by them communicate and make a coopera­ fe rences and strive to be of one th at th ey're forced to seek profes­ ti ve efTofl. Financial arguments are mind on all mallers. sional help'" He found that 9 out or usually based 0 11 home government " If two people sta rt ou t with tre­ 10 books on lovemaking were "gar­ ~ " How much cred it?" and "\Vho mendous differences and resolve bage ... mi sleading information co ntrols the money?" Often both them over a lifetime of li ving to­ sold in th e gu ise of authoritative partners wa nt co ntrol. or perhaps gether. they have a st rength in side knowledge." neither does. each of them and between th em Dr. Paul Popcnoe. general direc­ Experts ci te finances as one of the that nothing cGln take away:' wrote tor of the American Institute for major problem areas in many mar­ one ma rriage counselor. Family Relations in Los Angeles, riages. A Redbook survey found that There arc two more kinds of in­ agrcl.:s wi th this analysis. He ex­ "nea rl y 60 percent q uarrel about compatibility 1110st often mentioned plains that much sex literatu re " may money:' The Donelsons. a husband­ in the divorce courts: sex ual in­ be use less or harmful for one of four wife team of marital lawyers, wrote. co mpatibility and fi n(lJ1ci(l1 in­ reaso ns: ( I) Some 01" it dea ls so " ... hu sbands and wives fight over compati bility. Let's now take a close la rgely with abnormalities and per­ too much j ust as rrequently as th ey look at how to overcom e th em. versions that it confuses the avcrage do over too li ll ie" (Married Today. young person. (2) Some or it is so Single TOlllorroll'. pp. 10-11 ). In III. Develop Sexual Compatibility vague and general that it is not ap­ oth er words. they disagree over how Therc is no end to the publishing or plicable. (3) Some or it is what the mo ney is to be used. books about sex - from the ex­ migh t be called mechanistic ... and Lewis M. Terman. in his vol­ cruciatingly factual manuals to th e (4) some or it is wha t mi ght be uminous research of marital co nd i­ tOrrid ly tlIlfactual best-se ll er novels. ca ll ed perfectionist. It se ts up a stan­ tions. li sted "money matters" in th e Marriage manuals. sex studies, dard whi ch few will need to attain." lOp pos ition of husband-wife com­ and do-it-yourself divorce gu ides This by no means condcmns plaints. Dr. Popenoe, di rector or the have. as usual. lopped the recent proper knowledge about sex. The American Instillite ror Family Rela­ best-se ll er list. Ullcouplill!!. promised Victorian Age sh rouded our great­ tions for over 45 years. clarified this us a civil ized no-fault divo rce. while grandparents in ignorance. And it point in a Plain Truth interview: The Intimate Enemy provided a sort wasn't bliss! But on the other hand. " Most of the so-ca ll ed ca uses or di­ of G~neva Convention fo r those who the pendulum has over-swung to the vorce are actually sy mpLOms ra th er decided to light it o ut toge th er. point where vol uminolls physical th an causes. Financial difficult ies Meanwhile. the ubiquilOuS sex man­ sex kn owledge is published wit hout are very com mon, but people don't uals - both popular and porno­ t~ C all-importan t mi ssi ng dimen­ break up rrom th ese difficulties ir graphic - told yo u everyth in g you sion. they're happily married. Few people never wanted to know about sex Couples go into marriage believ­ are really happily married ir they and didn't think to ask. in g sex is the elixir of life, balm for quarrel over finances rath~r th an They all so ld well. due to th e di s­ all ills. iountain or youth, the be-all si mply wo rkin g th e problem out to­ mal state of bed and board in Amer- and end-all of marriage. But it often gether. ..

26 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 Practical points in handling fi­ financially. As children become less the marriage. home. and family, but nances include first of all communi­ dependent upon Mom, perhaps she more as a unit for personal ex­ cation of needs, accompanied by a will choose to work or resume a ca­ pression than as a regimented role­ willingness to share. Once again this reer as well. playing prison. means having outgoing co ncern for In our rapidly changing economy, In such a marriage, the wife wi ll the o ther mate. one more financial consid eration is g row to respect her husband much One primary consid erati o n In­ important. As Dr. Popenoe says, more tha n in a "closed" o r oppres­ volves the sett ing up of a fami ly " Ha nd ling the fin ances should be sive marriage, and gradually she budget. This encourages communi­ reviewed regularly, in the light of may volunta rily subm it part of her calion, consideration of both part­ changing conditions and the changing freedom to him, joyfully, not ou t of ners' needs, and agreement on needs of home a nd fami ly." Be aware fear of him o r his legalistic due. priorities. of financial news en o ugh to know Even in a troubled marriage, the The main principles of budgeting when to b uy a home, a car, children's mates may again learn respect and include paying necessities first, clothes, etc. Study the cost o f li vin g love for each other because they are avoiding excessive credit purchases, (a nd the cost of borrowing). a nd once agai n exhibiting the unique in­ and - an important factor for mari­ counsel widely before making major di viduality that first attracted one to tal happin ess - allowing each part­ purchases or budget changes. the other before they were engaged. ner pocket mo ney for which he or F ina nces are a very important [n effect, the couple may return to she is not accountable to the other. su bject for every household in this the heady days of their courtship Many women compla in they can affi uent society. For more informa­ a nd romance, rather than the dulJ never buy the least item for them­ tion, write for our free bookl et, days of sameness which can kill the selves or their children wi tho ut an Managing Your Personal Finances. greatest of romances. accoun tin g to their husbands. A few years ago a survey of 622 Meanwhile, hubby stops to buy V. Allow For Differences urban housewives revealed that they snacks, drinks, or trinkets whenever Men and women are different in lit­ considered their roles to be mother, he likes. Of course, there are a lso erally every cell of their bodies (due home maker, and wife - in that or­ wives who want to spend freely and to male and female chromosomes). der. In fact, a third of the women at the same time expect tbeir hus­ different in height, weight, figure, never even mentioned their roles as bands to account for every penny. s keletal s tructure, metabolism, wives, the only role of the three to Who should manage the fi­ strength, some internal organs, abil­ which they vowed " I do" years ear­ nances? This is the crux of most fi ­ ity to bear children - and tempera­ lier. A properl y "open" marriage - nancial a rguments. The husband ment! [t is not a matter of where each mate has opportun ity to should probably take the lead in set­ supedority or inferiority in any of realize his full potential - can help ting up the budget. Depending o n those fields, b ut a matter of differ­ reverse that trend. the circumstances, a wife might ence. The wise married cou ple keep the records and pay the bill s. learns how to appreciate and enjoy Your Marriage Can Be Happy Organization and ind ividual duties these differences. A strong family unit tru ly is the will vary with each family. There is A much-misunderstood book by building block of a great nation. ~ 'A no set pattern. But, whatever is George and Nena O'Neill explains strong monogamous family and the done, it should be done together. how to make the most out of these highest culture" have historically a l­ Sharing financia l duties promotes inherent differences, while building ways gone together, according to family harmony. It builds stronger a firmer and more devoted partner­ Dr. Popenoe. " ... if one deterio­ family ties in every way. It doesn't ship. T hey called it Open Marriage. ra ted, so did the other!" matter wh ich person stubs the Basically, open marriage g ran ts If every couple practiced these checks or pays the clerk if they both each partner a degree of indepen­ five points, the ascend ing divorce communicate and cooperate. dence with in the marriage unit. rate would immediately begin to de­ Some men dress in the la test Each mate gives his partner the cline, and perhaps almost vanish. sty les, wh il e keeping their wives in freedom to pursue his or her own It is gratify ing to know that thou­ shabby out-o lCstyle clothing. This is private interests - jobs, hobbies, sands of formerly unhappy mar­ not financial responsibility or com­ friends, and even finances when riages have been revived and patibiljty. If the wife has expensive necessary - independent of the enriched when the points discussed tastes for furnishings, home, clo th­ other's control. A mate is not treated in this article ha ve been fai thfully ing, and transportation, and the as a "possession," with the accom­ and thoroughly applied. 0 husband makes only half as much panying mistrust, jealousy, inequal­ money as she wants, this is not fi ­ ity, or role playing. Instead) each nancial compatibility. Both need to partner grants mutual trust, equal* give in . Both should learn to do ity, personal p rivacy, identity, and AffNOW... without luxuries until the husband full "personhood" to the other. TO KEEP YOUR NEW has work ed ha rd enough a nd long. The authors of Op en Marriage do PLAIN TRUTH COMING enough to earn them. And the hus­ no t advocate extramarital " living to­ band should study and work hard in gether," d ivorce, or co mmunal mar­ SEE PAGES 22-23 his occupati on so he can advance riage. They believe in the merits of

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 27 IN SEARCH OF A REAL CHRISTIAN Believe it or not, one of the world's strangest, rarest creatures is an individual called a Christian. This challenging article takes you on an imaginary search for a person who matches the biblical definition.

by Garner Ted Armstrong

illions upon millions of gi n. But how would you do it. a nd straight nose a nd startling blue eyes. people feel th ey are C hris­ where would you look? He's sponing one of those funny. Mti a ns. that is, they are be· Should such a search begin wi th lOOking helmets wi th a lillie spike in li evers in the Christi a n religion, as th e large. mult imi ll ion-member or­ the top of it. He. loO. is crouched in o pposed to the beliefs of Islam, ga niza ti ons whose steepled edifices the corn er ha lf-crazed with fear. Buddha. or Judais m . But o nce dot the la nd? Or instead a mong carefully cradling a rosary in hi s beyond the vague label of "Chris­ tin y. struggling mi ss iona ry groups? hands. And he happens to be pray· ti a n." a ll similarity SlOpS. "Chris­ Or perhaps among the va ri o us in g (he same prayer to th e same ti ans." it seems, come in every n ewly o rganized you th g ro ups God . conceivable brand. stripe. and de· claiming to be God's own children? God's got a problem here. How scriptio n - every size, shape. and Would your search also take you would he decide which one of those idea l. into health food stores or to commu­ boys was going to live? Which one "Christian it y," having undergone na l se tt lements tucked away in se­ of the m is a real Christian? an evo lution in mea ning from th e cluded hills? Wo uld it lead you in to In the Middle Ages first century to the maze of co n ~ busy offices on Wall Street? Would fu sing. conn icting beliefs an d prac­ it bring you face-to-face with mili­ Your search takes you back lo th e tices claiming th e sa me title today. is tary ba rricades manned by soldiers Middle Ages. Surety you could fi nd an increasingly difficult word lO de­ a rmed wi th submachine guns? Just a true C hristian th en. Just look fo r fine. Hundreds upon hundreds of such a scene was ca pti oned "Chris­ the sign of th e cross; or maybe the organizations claim the tille "Chris­ tian gunmen" in a recent newspaper fla Shing blade of a blood-soaked tian"; yet they may be so opposed lO picture. sword catching the glint of the dying one another - not only in th eology sun as it was dismembering the and theory. but also in some cases in God's Dilemma body of yet a nother " infidel. " Look active iI1lc rneci ne wa rn.HC - that Should you have conducted your into the dungeons o f medieval they constit ute the bitterest of ene­ search during th e da rkest days o f "Christiani ty." where ha pless vic­ mies. World War I, you could have seen tims were put to death on th e rack the fo llowing scenari o: or burned at the stake. Some profes­ in search of Christians Picture it in your m ind"s eye. An sing "Christians" of that day could But suppose you were {Q conduct an American soldier crouching in an be fo und ringi ng a town sq uare of a ex perimen t. By using th e Bible defi­ A ll ied trench in Europe s lowly tin y village hamiel, their eyes pro­ nition of "Christian" - meaning the comes into full focu s. Shell s a re truding in sadistic delight at th e plain. simple. impossjble-lO-be-mis­ shrieking overhead, a nd the night is death eries of a n alleged "witch." as underslOod scriptures clearly defin­ punctuated with the shaller and th e hooded executioner LOssed his ing just what is meant by the name spaller of maC hine-gu n and rifle blazing larch a t her feel. - s uppose yo u e mbarked on a bullets. This sold ier is sca red half True believers? True Ch ristians? search to fi.nu such people? out of his wits. Tears are streaking Where to fi. nd them - how to search F irst, you would forearm yourself th e mud on his face, and a rosary is - w here to begin? by going through your Bibl e. ca re­ in hi s right hand. He is earnestly fully noting the many scriplUres thut prayi ng to God for physical salva­ A Christian Scene? define the word "Christi an" - espe­ tion. for protection from hi s enemy. An imagi na ry time-machine In ­ cially combing the New Testa men t a nd for victory in th e \Va r so he can stantly ushers you back into the which contains the very hearl, rOO t. go back home to mOI11, girl frie nd . twentieth century. It's the middle of and core o f the teachings o f C hrist. and jOb. win ter - 1976. You are esconed by You may even wanl to consult a About three hundred yards to the automobile into the best resi dential d ictionary or a popular encyclope­ east is the enemies' trench. In th is area of a large A merica n ci ty in the dia. one you suddenl y see a you ng. Middle West. The sun is Sinking low Fine! You are now rcady to be- blonde. good-looking kid wit h a in the sky. but it's sti ll daylight.

28 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 You are simply amazed at mil e who is o bviously religio us. He's all Jesus sa id: " I a m th e vine, ye are after mile of beautiful stree lS graced decked out in garm ents speciall y de­ th e branches. He that a bideth in me. with large. fine. costl y homes . Fi­ signed for a rel igious ceremony. and I in him. . the sa me bringelhfo{'lh nally you come to a styli sh. modern 1t's jLl st beginning to dawn, a nd mllch ji'llil; for without me you can house with a big, beaUliful bay wi n­ ~ everybody is in th eir favorite re li­ do nothing" (J ohn 15:5). It is only dow faci ng the stree L. Yo u can't gio Ll s posture. Many arc kn eeling through C hri st thal a Christian can help but peer through it into the a nd clasping their hands in silent produce the s piritua l fruit tha t large fam ily livin g room. Several prayer. YOli are visibly impressed. marks him as a true follower of his. empty cock tai l glasses are over on but you sti ll have to ask yourself: Is But th ere is much more LO th e story. th e calfee table. A piano is over in this Chrislian? You remember read­ onc corner. Dad is playing a famil­ ing somethin g a bout a similar occa-· Chri stianity. a Way of Life iar tune. and Mom is leaning over sia n in the eighth chapter of Ezekiel. Be li eve it or not. Christianity is a his shoulder. The next-door ne igh­ And you begin to wonder. f ull-lime job. It's a prOfession, not bors are gathered a round the piano, just a " belief." It's what you do all and th e kids are playing arou nd a Still Searching the time, not what you do now and beautiful green tree carefu ll y laced You take time out for a plane fli ght th e n, or when the mood strikes you. with hand-made popcorn strings. back east. You watch th e passengers or wh en th e socia l pressures build to You see the invi ting glow of tiny for lack of anything better to do. It's the point of unbeara ble degree, thus tree lights with their many- hued col­ after takeoft·, and the " No Smokin g" sending you oft· "to church" once or ors. Ribbons and wrapping paper sign has gone out. The fellow seated twice a year, or to "confession" for a are scattered here and there a bout a next to you q uiCk ly whips out a fresh shot of righ teousness to re­ room fi ll ed wit h all sorts of modern well -marked Bible, adjusts his read­ place the faded, dulled coating gifts and toys. And over th e door is ing glasses. and begins to read stud i­ you' re prese ntly wearing. the obligatory m istletoe. ously, a ll the while making obvious Isn't it strange that mi ll ions of It's a lovely, white Christmas Eve red-and-blue marks with a fl ourish. professing "Christians" do not seem complete with two inches of snow You ask yourself if he is the rare to know that Christianity is a way of outside on the grass. SUI is il Chris­ person you are looking for; or is he li fe' It's a way of thinking, acting, lian? Is Christmas ChristianT Did simply a religious fa natic? talking, working, playing. loving - a C hrist celebrate Christmas? Did the Some " true be li evers" are identi­ way of doing! orig inal apostles? if you're inter­ fied by shaved heads and long ested in thi s subj ect, write for olJr robes, while othe rs are si ngled out The Sermon on the Mount free bookl et about Christmas. by huge beards, fla t-brimmed hats, Christ's teachings concerning love of sq uare-toed shoes, and a rejection of enemies, turning the other cheek, " See Your Easter Bonnet With All twentieth-century life. and the precepts of the " Golden Your Frills Upon It" Bu t are a ll these postures of righ­ Rule" are so we ll known that they Irving Berlin's " Easter Parade" is teousness the mark of a true Chris­ seem a commonplace, almost a cas­ One of the most bea Ul iful me lodies tian? There must be some reliable ually repeated part of modern-day ever written. You can't help but be­ se t of credentials. "Christi a ni ty." gin to hum it. But what about all Mill ions of profe ss ing Christians that is associa ted wi th th is lovely " Ye Shalt Know Them by hea r sermons preached from the fa­ tu ne? What about lent, ashes, rab­ Their Fruits" mous " Beatitudes" found in the bits, colored eggs, white shoes. a nd Jesus explained to his d isci ples how fifth chapter of Matthew. They are Maundy Thursday? Do all these to recogni ze the d iffe rence between inspi red. encouraged, and perhaps a things constitute the proper para­ a false prophet and a true one and li ttl e chagrined now and then as phernalia for th e observance of the by extension how to recognize any­ they li sten to beautifully delivered, re surrection of Jesus C hrist? Is Eas­ one who represents God. He de­ carefully phrased, sanctim oniously ter obse rvance the mark of a true clared: aYe shall know them by Iheir pronounced dissertations a bollt the Christia n? What about sunrise ser­ fruits. Do men gather grapes of " poor in spirit," or " t~ e merciful" or vices? thorns, or figs of thistles? Even so th e "pure in heart." By now it's early spring, and you every good trec bringeth forth good Of course, all those concepts, are still diligent ly searching - care­ fruit: but a corrupt tree bringeth when rightly understood, are a ll ab­ fu ll y considering and sift ing through forth evil frui t . . .. Wh erefore by solute ly required of every true all o f the evidence. You find your­ lheir frUi ts ye shall know them " Christian. But Jesus Christ knew in se lf in a huge, outdoor bowl some­ (Matt. 7: 16-17,20). advance that hi s teachings would be where in Southern California. Your Wha t kind of fruits a re we talking watered down, spiritualized away, bright red eyes would te ll anyone abou t? Paul ex plains that th e fruits and trampled underfoot in a maze when you got up. You peer sleepily of the holy spirit a re " love. joy, of confusion and confli cting beliefs. at the gray faint hint of the false peace, longsuffering [patience]. gen­ He knew and forewa rned that men dawn in th e East. You're on the tleness, goodness, faith , meekness. would profess his name - would outer fringes of a vast throng of per­ te mperance [self-ca ntra ll ... " (Gal. claim to be "Christian" - but would haps eight thousand people. On th e 5:22-23). These are Ihe fruils a true adamantly rejilse 10 obey what he stage in th e far distance is a man Chri stian should possess. said .

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 29 "Why call ye me. Lo rd. Lo rd. and lcaching for doctrines th e com­ The Best Biblical Definition do flOJ the th ings wh ich I say?" mandmen ts of men" (Matl. 15: 6, 8- It is the spirit of God that ma kes the asked Jesus (Luke 6:46). Jesus knew 9). D id you grasp what Jesus said ? It difference. A nd you either have it o r people would " believe on him." is possible to pros tra te yourself be­ you don't ' It's that tangible. adore his person. and yet pelTert or fore God in worship and yet do it all It is ollly by receiving the holy ignore his message. "Take heed that in va in! spiri t th at you become a true Chris­ no man deceive you. For mallY rnot tia n. " For by one Spirit are we a ll juSt u few] sha ll come in my name. Turning Grace Into License saying. I am Christ: ancl sha ll de­ Even before th e close o f th e New ba ptized into o ne body. wheth er we ceive many"' ( Ma tl. 24:4. 5). Testament wri tings. Jude had to be Jews or Genti les. whether we be bond o r free: and have been all Continua ll y. God's Wo rd s hows wri te: H .... It was need ful for me to that there is a huge. unbrid geable write unto you. and c>! hon you th at made to drink into o ne Spirit" gap between th ose 1t1/O profess fhe ye should earnestly contend fo r th e (I Cor.1 2:1J). nome "Chri~ li an" a nd th ose who are fait h which was once deli vered unto Probably the best a nd most con­ willin g to live a Christian lire. the saints. For there a re cen ai n men cise biblical defini ti o n of a Christian crept in unawares . .. ungodly men. is fo und in Ro ma ns: ''"But ye are no t Is Today's Christianity Really turning the grace o f our God into in the flesh. but in the Spiri t. 1so be Christian? lasciviousness {license or permission that th e Spirit of God dwell in you. The disciples were first called to do evi l] . and denying th e o nly Now ifal1Y man hal'e nor rhe Spirif of "C hris tians" at Antioch (Ac ts Lord God. and ou r Lo rd J esus Christ, he is 1I 0 n e of his" (Ro m. 8:9). II :26). The word "Christian." as a p­ C hrist" (J ude 3, 4). It is the holy spirit that is the plied to these men a nd women, From th e very days of Christ until missing ingredient. No real, lasting, meant someth ing shockingly differ­ now. the movement to turn grace pe rmanent spiritual fruit may be ent than it means to th e mi ll ions (fo rgiveness. unme rited pard o n, bo rne withou t it. Wi th it your whole today. If you could know how ut­ mercy upon repentance) into lascivi­ life can be changed! Wi th ou t it. terl y, comple tely, and absolu tely o usness has continued. Today. mil­ you're not all th ere. dift-e rent they really were. it would li o ns of professing C hristi ans seem Yo u were bo rn to be begollen boggle your mind~ to reject God's law. Tho usands of with G od's spirit. That may sound a They kep t customs aimosl un ive r­ their ministers fa il to teach o bedi­ little Strange to some of o ur new sall y abilorred by so-call ed "Chris­ ence to even C hrist's cl earest com­ Plain TrUll! subscribers. But it's ti a ns" today! Their entire life-style ma nds! Ma ny say there is nOfhing true! You are spiritually incomplete was difterenl. T hey kept God's true you muST do, therefore call ing Christ unless and until you have followed sa bbath - the seventh day of the a liar when he said: " . .. If tho u wilt Pe ter's advice in Acts 2:38. week - proved both by many scrip­ enter into life. keep fhe command­ The ho ly s pirit c hanges you r tures in the book of Acts and lIlel1ls"(Matt. 19: 17). whole perspecti ve. It changes your throughou l Pa ul 's writings, and at­ God's Word makes it clear that to o utlook, your point of view, your tested to by profane history. (Write be a Ch ristian you must repent of o p inions. your very thought pro­ lo r o ur two free booklets on the havin g broken God's law. All have cesses, your reasoning. It cha nges Christi an sabbath.) sinned (Rom. 3:23), a nd the wages your attitude. it lifts your spirit, it T hey observed God's true holy of si n is death (Rom. 6:23). C hris t en li vens. it energizes. and it vivifi es. days. th e annllal sabba ths. They paid th e penalty by shedding his It is the most precious. priceless. dedicated their li ves to doing file lifo's blood in 0111' place. But accep­ bountirul blessing a loving Father work of preaching the gospel of th e tance of his shed blood does no t could ever give you - a part of his kingdom or God as a witness to the mean license o r permission to li ve very own li fe. It truly makes you a dying civil iza ti on of their lime. an unrighteous life. "Unto you first real C hristia n! 0 H islory proves there was a {owl God. having raised up his Son change in w h i:H "Christi an" meant at Jesus, sent him to bless you, in fUrn­ RECOMMENDED READING Amioc.:h and \vhat it ca me to be illg away everyone 0/ you f rom his The fu ndamentals of Christianity called by the third cen tury. It took iniquities' (A cts 3:26). reqUire an In-depth explanation. The bloodbaths to change some of it - Iniquity means lawless ness. Sin is Plain Truth editors further recom­ to force peo ple. as the yea" wen t by, th e breaking of God's law (I Jo hn mend, as additional reading. a book­ let written by Garner Ted Armstrong. to a bandon the customs C hrist had 3:4). a nd we must sto p tra nsgressing The title IS What Is a Real Chns/ian? taught and the earl y apostles had that law (in all of its points. as ThiS free publication goes thoroughly kept and taugh t o thers to keep. Christ magn ifi ed it and made it into such subjects as the Sermon on Jes us had said to the re li gionists much mo re binding in the "Sermon the Moun!. what real repentance IS. and water bapllSm. If you are at all or his day: "Thus ha ve ye made the o n the Mou nt"). The apostle Peter Interested in Chrlsllanlty. you cannot commandment of God of none ef­ sa id on the day of Pentecost: "Re­ afford to be Without thiS booklet. fect by your traditio n... This pent, and be bapti~ed everyone of In addition, these biblical subjects people drawet h ni gh unto me with YO ll in th e name of Jesus C hri st for are all regularly covered, as a ma tter thei r mouth, and honoureth me wit h th e remission or sins. a nd ye shall of course, In The Good News maga­ zine . Your free subSCription only their lips; but their heart is fa r from reeeil'e the gift of the Holy Spirit " awaits your leiter. me. Bli/ ill vain do they worship m e, (Acts 2:38).

30 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 HUMAN SURVIVAL

n 1970, a virul ent blig ht attacked kind's food. Yet such uniformity ca n th e American corn crop. M il­ Modern 6griculture lead LO pandemic disaster when I lions of acres were devastated. dro ught, pests, and disease take rcsuh ing in a crop loss of fifty percent or their inevitable toll. And therein li es more in some states, and a loss of SOWING one of the most perplexing di­ nearly twenty percent of the total U.S. lemmas of twentieth-century agri­ corn production. The "southern corn THE cullure. blight," as it was call ed by mos t,came as a stunn ing demonstration of th e Genetic Uniformity genetic vulnerability of many cur­ SEEDS Concern over th e quali ty of man's rently grown crops. domesti ca ted plants is not new. The " We were silting a rou nd fat. OF founders of the United States recog­ dumb, and happy," recall s Dr. W il­ ni zed the value of plants in fu lfi ll ing liam Caldwell, geneticist with the DISASTER? the food and fiber needs of a na­ U.S. Department of Agricul ture. tion's people. Thomas JelTe rson's "The hybrids were producing we Ll belie f in th e va lue of "a useful by Robert A. Ginskey and all o f a sudden the disease hit. plant," expressed over two hundred W e d idn't beli eve it could happen, ycars ago, is equa lly applicable but it did." today. The fact is that modern agricul­ II The greatest service which can Indeed, when man fi rst began to ture is depending on a relatively be rendered any country is to cultivate wild food plants thousa nds small number of genetica lly uni­ add a useful plant to its culture." of years ago, the introduction of a form crops to supply all of man- - Thomas Jefferson new variety of crop often meant the

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 31 difference between starva tion a nd plenty. " T he ge netic di ve rsity or o ur THE STARTLING VULNERABILITY OF cro ps is a national weailh w hich th e va ried racia l a nd ethn ic mem bers of MAJOR U.S. CROPS our nation have brought from thei r homelands, and acclimated from co­ Following the 1970 corn blight epidemic, the National Research loni al limes to the prese nt in fi elds Council of the National Academy of Sciences prepared a report on a nd gardens across the co untry:' the " Genetic Vulnerability of Major Crops." Their findings were says Garriso n W ilkes. A ssoc iate sobering, if not alarming. Many U.S. crops are so genetically Professo r of Biology at th e U niver­ uniform that they are precariously vulnerable to catastrophic disease sity of M assac huse lts. Bos ton. '"Ju st epidemics. as ea ch group co ntributed as pects of • 100% of all the millet in North America is from 3 varieties of seed. its culture. so too have th ey added • 96% of all peas comes from 2 varieties of seed. to the IO tal geneti c reso urces or Ollr • 76% of all snap beans comes from 3 varieties of !?eed. • 72% of the potatoes comes from 4 varieties of seed. bas ic food plants." • 71 % of the com is from 6 varieties of seed. However. Wilkes to ld The Pla in • 69% of the sweet potatoes comes from 1 variety of seed. Trwh that he is dee ply conce rn ed • 60% of all dry beans comes from 2 varieti es of seed. over the fu tu re of our pl ant re­ • 53% of the cotton comes from 3 vari eti es of seed. so urces. Says Wilkes: " Today. in­ • 65% of the rice comes from 4 varieties of seed. • 56% of the soybeans comes from 6 varieties of seed. stead of co ntinuing to ex pand . th ese • 42% of all sugar beets comes from 2 varieties of seed. plant geneti c reso urces are beg in­ • 95% of the peanuts comes from 9 varieties of seed. ning to co ntrac t. " • 50% of all wheat comes from 9 varieties of seed. Why th e co ntrac tion? The answer In most cases, the total number of U.S. varieties potentially available is that m ode rn agri cultu re has far exceeds the number currently being utilized: in the case of wheat, placed such a premi ulll on high­ 269 ; corn, 197; potatoes, 82; soybeans, 62; peas, 50; and so on. y ielding. uniform crops th at many otherwise acceptabl e va ri eti es a re no longer planted. W. H. Gabelm an. a Unive rsity of W isco nsin pla nt breeder. analyzes it 7' A Multibillion Dollar Business th is way: '" I n o ur soc iety. th e com ­ munica tions media kee ps fa rm ers well in formed on new varie ti es. A MOST VALUABLE CROPS fa rm er m akes so phisti ca ted deci­ 6· sions on the ba sis of this info rm a­ IN U.S. ti on. and si nce he has to muke a profit. he will choose the top-yield­ Agriculture in the United States is a highly lucrative but ing variety. If th cre a re only a few vulnerable enterprise. listed below are the 15 most 5i valuable crops grown on U.S. soil. Note that the corn choices availuble. you ge l one or grown by U.S. farmers has a value of some 7 billion dol­ two varieties th at dominate. leading lars, and that the value of alfa lfa exceeds the total value to uniformity and possi bl e vulner­ of U.S. wheat production. When disease and pests ability .. ' strike , they consume crops worth tens or hundreds of Other au th orities po int ou t tha t 4· millions of dollars. Indeed, the 15 crops listed have a th e great em phas is on "cniciency" value of $25 billion! Thus, a mere 1% shortfall of just and lower cos ts of production fo rces these crops translates into a $250,000,000 loss . The fa rmers 10 use high-y ielding va ri­ danger of such losses is magnified by the fact that vir· eties. D emands for ef11 cic ncy a re tually all the leading crops in the U.S. are based on a rea lly demands for uni fo rm ity. sin ce very narrow genetiC base. t.:fficie ncy can only be maximized From USDA statistics (7973) w ith high-y ield ing hyb rids. To achieve effi ciency, th e fa nner must 2· subs ti tute m achines for men. But ..~ .!! machines ca n't th ink: th ey c,in't dis­ "0 crim ina te between a green toma to Q and a ripe o ne. for insta nce. Th us it 01· .. ;;.. is esse ntial th a t va rieti es be uniform CO .. " ~ 1: and that th ey ripen at th e same tim e c <= 0 E u <= J!! " E .!!'" so a machine can do th e ha rvest ing. g <= .0'" 0 " .<: a: 0 '" <; " ]! .<: .0" e> I-* 0.." ~ iii Seeds a re also sown by machine. 0 " '" 0 In U '" ;j' ;: "0 0 0 iii oo U I- oo aga in requiri ng uniform size. T he seeds must ge rm inate and grow vi r-

32 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 tually simultaneously. or they leave cessfully o n a p reviously resistant space for weeds to grow in the row plant host. it will be able to spread. where th e cultivati ng mac hine ca n­ THE DISEASE across the e ntire p la nt population if not go. the lalter is genetically un ifo rm." In short. the pressuretor uniformity is TRIANGLE Proressor J. R. Ha rl an or the Uni­ o rt e n overwhelm ing. The result has PLANT versity of Illinois. an e minent Amer­ been that a large percentage o r the ican p la nt ecologist. is equally a vai lable acreage of each c rop is ala rmed. "Ame ricCln agri culture is planted with a lim ited number of a n impo rted agriculture." Harlan vari eties. For example. o ne hundred to ld The Plain Trlllh at a news con­ perce nt of a ll the millet g rown in ference during th e 1976 American North America is from three vari eties Association for the Advancement of o rseed s. Ni nety-six percent o rthe pea Science m eeting in Boston. "Every crop we grow is based o n a vu lne r­ crop is planted with o nly two pea PARASITE WEATHER ty pes. (See accompanying box.) able gene ti c base.'· "The re is o nly o ne gene. as far as Harla n a lso points o ut that a re­ I know. that produces stringless ness Three factors combi ne to produce markable proportion of the human disease in man's crops: in g reen a nd wax beans." says Dr. • The host - a susceptible plant die t is s upplied by rOllr cereals: J a m es Ho rsfall. plant scientist a t lhe • The parasite or other pathogen wheat. ri ce. m aize. and sorghum. Connecti cut Agricultural Experi­ • Th e weather or environment " Imagine, if you can." says Har­ Man has virtually no control over me nt Station. New Haven. " 11'£1 fun­ the appearance of new parasites lan. " the scope o f the disaster if o ne g us mutation comes a lo ng th at likes and diseases, and he has little or of th ese sho uld fail. if some new and tha t gene. we'vc had it. no control over the weather. How­ virulent disease sho uld appear with ever. he does have a considerable uFor a c rop-disease epidemic to control over the genetic baSIS of whic h we a re unable to cope in time. occur. the weathe r must be ri ght. the his crops. But the Increasing uni­ Surely it is im perative that we know crop variety mus t be vuh~e rab l e. formity of man 's crops poses a se­ a ll tha t we possib ly ca n about ALL or rious threat to agriculture: If crops and a parasi tc must be present. We all have the same genetiC base, the germ plasm within genetic reach can' t manipu late the weather very then It is only a matter of time be­ in o ur major food plants." well ; we ca n' t ma ni pu late th e pa ra­ fore the "proper" parasite and weath­ sit e:' says Ho rsral l. "The only thing er conditions precipitate a devas­ Genetic Erosion tating destruction of a major crop. is to ma nipulate the hostle rop]." Yet the po te ntial d a nger in over­ "A lid hanging over all crops ill all relia n ce o n gen e ti ca ll y uniform counlr;es - ' like the sword of Da m­ In raet. hi sto ry tells us that such c rops does not stop with the specter oeles:" says Horsrall. " is the danger disasters have al ready occu rred . In or I'uture c ro p railures. Indeed . if the tha t reliance 01/ a single genetic vari­ the 18th century. th e po tato. a new possibility of a n occasional c rop rail­ elv or tlVa C(l11 lead 10 devtlsttlting rood plant rrom South America. was ure were the only source of conce rn. losses {rom disease. " introd uced in to Ireland. The gene tic it could logically be a rgued th a t Wilkes agrees. " In advanced agri­ diversi ty of the s pecies was sma ll. such is the p ri ce we must pay for the culture s uch as o urs. the prey is at b ut isolated from its diseases. the vastl y improved production or mod­ very hig h d e nsi ty. a nd conditions potato pro li fe rated. allowing th e ern agriculture. are ideal for insects. nematodes, Iris h population to inc rease. The n. But a n even greater problem is bacteria. v iruses. fungi. a nd ro­ in the I 830s. wit h the population or that the very success of the new dents." warns Wilkes. "The price for Ire la nd having increased threefold hybridS has meant that they have the mai nte na nce of hig h y ie lds is an to e ig ht millio n . a previous ly been supplanting native varieti es all arsenal o f insecticides a nd fungi­ unknown disease. caused by a fun­ over the world . and in ma ny cases. cid es. along with the need to con­ g us. a ttacke d th e potato c ro p. the native c rops - along with th eir sta ntly c hange the ge neti~ ma terial Within te n yea rs. two millio n Irish gene tic diversity - have si mply dis­ a nd breed fo r resista nce against th e em igra ted , two millio n d ied . and appeared fo rever. la test problem that threatens the four millio n remain ed. many in ab­ "There is no thing biologically un­ y ield." j ect poverty. sound abo ut breeding ror high The Irish had in ad verte ntly na r­ y ields, a nd using a narrow gene ti c A Lesson from History rowed the gene ti c base of th e crop. base is a plant-breeding expediency Fortunately ror the United States. and there rema in ed little o r no resis­ necessary to o btain th e most uni­ the elTect o r th e 1970 corn blig ht tance to the devasta ting fungus. form. h igh.yie lding seed in the was limited to highe r food costs: "A t prese nt." says Ga rrison shortest period of time:' Wilkes re­ there was no s tarvation in th e W ilkes. " the re exists an unsta ble minds 11 ~. " But it is unthinkable not United S ta tes d ue 10 the b ligh t. But 'truce' between our basic food to preserve a nd mainta in the ready s uch a crop failure in o th er coun­ plants a nd their pa thogens. Gene tic reserves of gene ti c diversity that still tries such as G ua te mala o r Kenya. c hanges. ei ther mutatio ns or new re­ exist in native agric ulture for future where the people o btain hall' o f all combinati o ns. are cpnstantly taking plant b reeding needs. their calories from corn directly. pl ace in individual pathogens. a nd "Up to the present time. we have would have been disastro us. if a pathogen sudde n ly grows suc- been able to re turn to a reas of

The PLAIN TRUTH June t 976 33 have been introduced in the last INTERVIEW decade are coming back now with reporls of wide-sp read rust in­ fect ions, though not yet of epidemic WITH proportions. But we don't know what will happen in the future. DR.ERNA O . Wh at about the U.S. corn blight in 1970? BENNETT A. Here again is why we are so con­ cerned about what is called genetic vu lnerability. In the case of maize, GENETIC you have an extremely narrow. ex­ tremely weak basis of resistance RESOURCES relying on One or several genes at the very most which are very, very EXPERT quickly bypassed by the pathogen. O. What do you think are the ma­ t:: the modern varieties of panicular area. Moving over to jor problems in collecting native crops on which man depends Greece, our own examinations there seed specimens? A fo r food vulnerable to sud­ have shown that in 1930 about 80% A. The problem basically is to go <..len, catastrophic epidemics? To of the wheat that was sown was in­ out and get the material. Clearly, find out. Plo;'1 Truth correspondent digenous wheat - native varieties the less developed an area is, the Ray Kosanke of our Brussels Bu­ sown from the su rplus kept by the less a zone has been touched by rcau talked with Dr. Erna Bennell, a n.l rmer from the previous year's modern conditions, the more impor­ U.N. expert on genetic conservation crop. By 1960. this proportion had tant it is. Clearly, therefore. the ex­ and resources. fallen to about 10%. but today it is plorer must a im to get away from falling to something almost negli­ every sign of progress. KOSANKE: Much publicity has gible. The story is repeated end­ O. How long can the seeds for all been given recenlly to the fact lessly almost everywhere. of these different varieties be that the profuse varieties of plant O. Why do you consider this ero­ maintained? life that man has used for cen­ sion of genetic materials such a A. That's a good question to whic h turies to breed his food crops are critical problem? there simply is n't an answer yet, the rapidly disappearing. What' s A. One of the things that we notice reason being that studies of seed causing this genetic erosion? when we lravel in pri mit ive parts of longevity are only now beginning to BENNETT: To begin with, we the world where these modern va ri­ be conducted in a precise and reli­ ought to realize that the process of eties don't occur at all. or didn't oc­ able way. genetic e rosion is almost inevita bl y cur at a ll until q uite recently, is that T he combinati ons of temperature bound up wi th the process of agri­ there is no crop ever completely free and humid ity and th eir effect on the cult ural improvement. W herever of disease but there is no crop ever viabili ty of seeds of different species agriculture is improved. the old completely devastated by disease. are only now being examined for varieties are replaced with new Disease a nd variety live in a ki nd of the first time in a thoroughly me­ ones. The old stuff that the farmers genetic balance with each other. thodical manner, so obviously it's have been growing in their own Now if we stan to rely not just con­ going to be a long time before we fields year after year fo r generations tinen t wide. b u t on an inter­ know the results. and generations has been replaced conti nental basis on single varieti es. 1t looks as if certain species can be by new seed from plant breeding the dangers of interconti nental ep j ~ kept fo r several hundred years. stations, from the agricultura l credit demies are co rrespondingly greater. O thers, fruit seed, fo r example, keep banks, and from the agricultural ex­ The conclusion seems to me to be very badly for only several months tension programs. The long and the unavoidable that we neglect genetic or less than a year. short of it is that everywhere that diversity at our own risk. O. Some experts have s uggested a gricultural development takes O. In the major bread basket it may a lready be too late to save place the old varieties disappear. It's areas of the world, such as the the majority of the primitive strains. a fairly direct relationship. United States and Canada, are Is t h is assessment a ccurate? O. Could you g ive some exam­ we gelling into a dangerous situ­ A. There are many that have al­ ple s ? ation by not having g reater vari­ ready been ex tinguiShed. and we'll A. Certainly. The genetic diversity eties of seed grains available? never know how many. In other in flax in the 1940s in Turkey was A. We can definitely say that ob­ \\'ords. when we make the final very considerable. but by the la te servers from many of the Ncar East­ count, it will merely be the count of 1950s the diversity of nax had al­ ern counlries into which the high­ what we have managed to save from most entirely disappeared from that yielding, disease-resistant wheats extinction.

34 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 genetic d iversity. usua ll y located in Too Little Too Late? Third Wo rld na ti o ns. to coll ect germ plasm fo r further breeding pro­ "The world is ri pe ro r disaslrous grams. Suddenl y in Ih e 1970s we are miscalcula ti o ns." wa rns Harlan. " In d iscovering Mexi can fa rmers a re view of th e o bvio us limitatio ns of planting hy brid co rn seed co rn from o ur co ll ectio ns a nd in fa ce of th e a M idwes lern seed firm , tha t Tibet­ currcnt geneti c 'wipe o ut' of centers a n fa rm ers are pla nting barl ey of d ive rsity. it may be too li ttle and from a Scandinavian pla nt breed ing lOa la te. We continue to act as station. a nd tha t Turkish fa rm ers lho ugh we could a lways replenish are plaming wheat from th e Mex i­ ou r supplies o f geneti c di versity. can Wheat Progra m. Each of th ese Such is no t th e case. The ti me is classic a reas of gene tic di ve rsity is approaching. a nd may no t be fa r rapidly becoming a n area of seed off. wh en essentia lJ y a ll the geneti c uniformi ty." resources of o ur major crops wi ll be Conti nues Wilkes. "The reason found eithe r in the crops being for a la rm a nd concern about th e HThe genetic heritage of a grown in th e fie ld or in ou r gene loss of native stra ins is th e irreplace­ millennium can disappear in a ba nks. This will be a ri sky Sla le of a ble nature of th e genetic wealth. single bowl of porridge." a ffa irs a nd will dema nd a great deal The o nly place genes can be slO red more time a nd effo rt o n genetic fe· -W il kes is in li ving systems. ei th er li vin g source management th an we have branches. such as Ih e bud wood o f eve r devoted to it in the pase " a pple lrees. or in lhe livin g embryo " We need a sense of urgency in in a ke rn el of Co rn o r wheal. The coll ecting a nd preservi ng o ur rap­ na ti ve varieties can become extinct idly disa ppea ring pla nl genelic re­ o nce lhey are dropped in favor of sources." ma inta ins Howard L. introd uced seed. The extin ction can Hyla nd. principal pl anl illl roducli o n la ke place in a si ngle yea r ir lhe offi cer in lhe G erm Resources La bo­ seeds a re cooked and ea ten instead ra lo ry of lhe USDA. "This muSI be of saved as seed slock. Quile liler­ a matter of g reat public concern if ally. th e genetic heritage of a m il ­ we are to insure the success of o ur lenn ium in a particula r vall ey can future agric ultural progra m ." disa ppear in a si ngle bowl of po r­ How real a re lhe da ngers? Whal ridge:' is lhe pO lenlia l magnilude o r lhe disasler lhal could resull rrom fai l­ The Shrinking Gene Pool ure of a major crop? "One might as A special U.N . repo rt o n lhe pro b­ well ask how serio us is a to mic war­ lem of plant genetic resources. pre· fa re?" asserts Harlan. "The con­ pa red by lhe Food a nd Agri cultura l HWe need a sense of urgency sequences of failure of o ne of o ur Organizatio n. was released some on erosion of plant resources." majo r food planls a re beyond imag­ ro ur years ago. Dr. Erna Bennetl. a - Hyland in ati o n." U.N. biologisl. cond uCled much of W ill crop fa ilures and fa mine lhe research ror lhe reporl. Bennell slrike in lhc nea r fUlure? God mai nta ins tha t genetic erosion has prophesied lha l a ncienl Israel - a cont inu ed to occu r. a lmos t un­ na lion whi ch fa iled 10 heed him - checked, and lha l "conlinenl-wid e wo uld eve ntua ll y suffer grea t catas­ fam ines" may be the res ult in th e Iro ph ies. "Tho u sha ll carry much nexl few ycars. seed o ul inlo lhe fi eld . and sha lt According 10 lhe U.N. re po rt: ga l her bUI lillie in:' says God in "Modern agric ult ure wi th iIlle nsive Deul. 28:38. For a ncienl Israel. lha l cultivation and weed control a nd prophecy came 10 pass. In modern lhe widespread use or improved times. o ur na tion, like a ncient Israel. hi ghly uni fo rm cro p varieties is wip­ may be heading for cala miti es we ing the pri mi tive va rie ties o ut of now o nly dimly perceive. existence: they a re disappearing by "The line between abundance the tho usand every year." a nd disaster is becoming thinner Concludes lhe U. N . re port : " If a nd thinner, a nd th e public is una­ the primitive crops a re not rescued. ware a nd unconcerned." concl udes the science of planl breeding which Harla n. "M ust we wa it for disaster has done so much to feed swelling H WiII people listen only after 10 be real before we are heard? Will populations over the past century it is too late?" people lislen only afler il is 100 wili vi rtua lly comc to a stop." - Harlan la te?" 0

The PLAI N TRUTH June 1976 35

THE COSMIC CONNECTION IS MAN ALONE?

by Robert A. Gi nskey

"Somewhere across space giant instruments, handled by strange manipulative organs, may stare vainly at our floating cloud wrack, their owners yearning as we yearn." - Loren Eiseley, The Immense Journey

id th e excit emen t and cele­ profound d iscovery o f recorded hi s­ aluminum plaque was attached to bration of July 4. 1976. a his­ lory. the Pi o nee r 10 space probe. Pioneer ~toric and intri gui ng ev~n t The Viking mi ss ion to Mars is th e 10 was primarily designed 10 send will take place on the planet Mars. latest in a series of probes designed back informalion a bout the planet After a half-billion-mile journey. to answer one of mankind 's most Ju pi te r, but unlike all previous the intricate spacecraft, Viking, will persistent and provocative ques­ spacecraft, Pi onee r 10 has a trajec­ descend to the Martian surface and tions: Is man alone in th e un ive rse? tory tha t will eventua lly carry it begin an unprecedented probe: an Is life unique to the earlh? completely out of th e solar system al extraterrestri al search for li fe. For millennia, man has mu sed a velocity of about 70.000 miles pcr If all goes according 10 plan. U.S. over his place in the cosmos, The hour. This is t,\ster than a ny pre­ television viewers should se c Copernican revolution 500 years vious man-made object. close up and panoramic still photo­ a'go changed man's conce ption of The small plaque carried by Pi o­ graphs of the Martian su rface hi s physical location in the uni verse, neer 10 symbolically describes th e wit hin hours aft er the Viking tou­ But o nly recentl y, wilh the in­ origin of the spacecraft. and. among ches down. But more importa nt will ve ntion of powerful space-age rock­ other things. it portrays a pictori al be th e results of sophisti cated ex­ ets and the development of highl y representation of a man and a periments designed to detcc t life on sensitive radi o telescopes, ha s he woman, th e surface of the red pla net. been able 10 take posi ti ve steps But what a re th e odds thaI in­ If ma nkind should receive hard towa rd resolving the qu esti on ,of telligent beings ex ist in ot her re­ evidence th at life exists elsewhere in whether life exists on other worlds. gions of the heavens' Is it likely? Or the solar system, lhal sta rtlin g reve­ are th e chances va ni shingly small? lation wou ld be well worth the $ 1 A Message from Man Ca lc u la ling the p ro bability that billion cost. Indeed. th e detecting of Man's first wrillen attempt to com­ man is not alone in the universe ex traterres tri al li fe would undoubt­ municate with alien intellige nce oc­ involves numerous factors (see box), edly be thc most d ramatic a nd c urred in 1972, when a special Yet many scientisls. as we ll as lay-

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 37 'Ii vast body of knowledge accumulated over billions of years awaits access by mankind, by any race that has the technological prowess to qualify for it ... a priceless resource of understanding the universe. This body of knowledge might be termed our galactic heritage. "

Would participation in a galactic community enhance the spirit of man? Or would contact with other intelligent life do little other than undermine the many religions that have focused on man as a unique and special creation of God?

Man 's rendezvous with destiny may indeed lie in his communication with a superior being, but the final contact might be even more remarkable than we can now imagine.

38 The PLAI N TRUTH June 1976 men, are fascinated by the prospects that man lTlay eventually find a uni­ verse virtually teeming with in­ telligent life. The The unimaginable distances in the universe seem to preclude direct Chances travel by future astronauts to ex­ plore other worlds. Even if a space­ for ship moved at the limiting speed of light (186,000 miles per second), such space voyages would still take Intelligence centuries or millennia in earth time. Is man part of a cosmic community known with any precision. and th ey The New Telescopes of intelligent beings? How many are oft en assigned widely differing civi liza tions might reasonably be ex­ va lu es. For example. if a suitable However, developments in radio pected to coexist in one galaxy? Sci­ planet exists, some scientists believe telescopes have now reached the entists usually break this difficult the probability is excellent that life point where man has the technical question into seven basic factors wi ll eventually evolve. Others be­ know-how and facilities to broad­ that, multiplied together, will yield lieve that eve n in a favorabl e envi­ cast his existence throughout the the expected number of such civ­ ronment the chances aga.inst life Milky Way galaxy. In other words, ilizations. These factors are: evolving are as tronomical. Similar if man's most powerful transmilter • The average rate of star forma­ disagreements exist for most of the were channeled into man's largest tion in th e galaxy. remaining factors. radio telescope, its radio message Exo-biologist Carl Sagan believes could be monitored by present-day the number of technological civ­ equipment on the other side of the ilizations is about 10 percent of the galaxy - 100,000 light years or 600 lifetime of such civil izations. This quadrillion miles away! implies that the average lifetime of The capability now exists for a a highly technological civilization very sophisticated search for in­ determines the number of currently telligence on other worlds. existing civilizations. In 1960, astronomer Frank Drake Mankind already has an ominous used the giant radio telescope at the ability to se lf-destruct; yet it has U.S. National Radio Astronomy on ly been about 10 years si nce man Observatory to monitor radio waves has been ca pable of interstellar from nearby stars in the hope of communication. If we fail to survi\'c detecting signals from other civ­ ~ much longer, and if we are rep re­ ilizations. Drake's experiment, .:0: senta ti ve of other galactic civ­ called project Ozma, failed to pick ~ ilizations, then the lik ely conclusion up any strange (intelligent) signals, ~ is that just one technological civ­ but the sensitivity of his equipment j ilization currently ex ists in the was not very high. Milky Way galaxy: ourse lves. If so. More recently, astronomer O. L. THE BEAUTIFUL MBI spiral galaxy a massive sea rch for extraterrestrial Verschuur scanned ten nearby slars in Ursa Major. Do such distant intelligence will probably be a waste for signs of life. His apparatus was galaxies harbor intelligent civiliza­ of time and funds. tions? so se nsitive that it could find in five On the other hand, if some tech­ minutes what Drake's equipment nological societies have learned to would have needed twenty days to • The fraction of stars with plan­ survive indefinitely, then the num­ detect. Versch uu r's a pparatus could ets. ber of technological civilizations have picked up signals from Barn­ • The number of planets per presently in our galaxy is much ard's star radiated by a 600-kilowatt planetary system suitable for li fe. greater. Sagan has calculated that if tran smitter acting into a modest • The fraction of suitable planets only one percent of all civilizations 300-foot-d iameter radio telescope. on which life exists. master th e key to perpetuating (Continued on page 40) • The fracti on of life-bear ing themselves, then the corresponding planets with intelligence. number of civilizations in th e galaxy "EYE ON THE SKY" - The Jodrel/ • The fraction of planets with in­ today becomes about one million . Bank radio telescope (left, above) is telligence that develops a tech­ Yet even if other intelligent civ­ capable of detecting intelligent sig­ nologica l phase and interest in ilizations do exist. th e vast distances nals from remote corners of the universe. Below: The famed 100-inch interstellar communication. between the stars pose an awesome telescope on Mount Wilson in Cali­ • The average lifetime of a tech ­ and time-consuming chalienge for fornia. Its big eye helped expand nological civilization. any two-way communications be­ man's understanding of the awesome None of the above factors are tw een ga lactic communities. size of the universe.

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 39 But again . no unex pected signals proponent of space ex plora tion. be­ th a t a rc (or wc re) s uccessful we re ever detected. li eves th a t " life in th e universe may throughout th e g'\laxy. "They co n­ have been around for bjl.lions.of stitute." says O li ver, ':a priedess "Hello" from Earth years." To detect that life, O i'ive r resource of wisdom a nd understa nd­ While ma ny scienti sts have repeat­ and others propose a gigantic a rray in g of th e uni ve rse." ed ly lislened fo r messages fro m of radio telescopes which would en­ " If a ll this is true," adds Olive r, outer space. it was only a little over a b le us "to lis ten in on th e heavenly " th en a vast body of knowl edge ac­ a yea r ago that ma n delibera tely di scourse of the galacli c commu­ cumula ted over billions of years sen / a radio message to a ny in­ nity." awaits access by ma nkind, by any telligent civilization th a t might be in The orcha rd-like a rra nge ment of race tha t has the technological ra Il ge of our la rgest a nd most pow­ a bout 1.000 large antennae severa l prowess to qua li fy for it. This body erful radio tel escope. miles wid e would look like a multi­ o f knowl edge m ight be termed our To send the mess age, the fa med faceted eye peerin g into space. ga lacti c heritage." I.OOO- foot-di a meter Are- But wha t would be the cibo radio te lescope in result of contact with Pu erto Rico was enli sted . other intelli gent life in Eq uippe d with a the universe? Would it 450,000-watt tra nsmitter, lift our horizons o ut of th e Arecibo antenna was the sphere of our own a ble to focus its power to petty riv a lries a nd in ­ a n equivalent of 25 times volve us in th e common a ll th e man-made electri­ ca use of life throughout cal power ever produced the galaxy? Or, would a on earth. veil of secrecy be thrown Yet, for a ll it s power, on a ll such communica­ th e message will be a ti o n as e a c h n a tion lo ng, long time en route sought to gain control of - abo ut 24,000 years. this new and potentially Som e time a ro und th e d a n gero u s source of year A.D. 25,974, in th e knowledge? dis tant g lo bular sta r Would pa rticipation in cluster call ed Messier 13 , a galactic community. it could JUSt happen tha t «e nh ance the spirit of one of the resid ent li fe ma n'"? Or, would contact forms wi ll detect a n un­ with other intelligent li fe usua l signa l coming from do little oth er than un­ earth . Bein g intelli gent THE VIKING LANDER, loaded with scientilic instruments dermine the many reli­ creatures, the a li en resi­ (including an extendible claw), is scheduled to reach the gions th a t have focused den ts shou ld have no Martian surface on July 4, 1976. Such space probes will on man as a unique a nd tro ubl e break ing th e help answer intriguing questions about the chances for life special creation of G od? code a nd receivin g th eir on other worlds. As man enlers the last fi rst " hell o" fro m a crea­ qua rter of the tw entie th ture called ma n. ce ntu ry, his future If earthlings are still cl ouded a nd unce rtain , here to receive a re ply - a nother He nce th e na me: Proj ect Cycl ops. perh aps it is not surprisin g th at he 24.000 years la ter - th ey wi ll be Such a n enorm ous eye would be ca ­ seeks to end his seeming isolatio n in a bout our sixteen hundredth gener­ pable of communica ting over dis­ th e universe by att em pting to com­ ation of g randc hil ~ r e n . ta nces of tho usands of li ght years, municate with other civ il iza tions but its cost wou ld be a bout $ 1 bil­ ma ny li ght years away. Perhaps a Cyclops - the Biggest Eye li o n a year for about 10 years. mo re in telligen t, knowledgeable In spite of the difficltlti es of galacti c 'Oppo ne nts of p roject CyclOps being wo ul d have the scienti fic. cul ­ communication, the prevalent belief mainta in th e cost is entire ly too high lUra!. societa l. a nd yes, even the reli­ that we a re not alone in the un iverse fo r what wo ul d probably be a fut il e g ious pers p ective to extricate has sti mula led even more a 111 bi lious ex perim ent. O n the other hand sup­ mankind from a myriad of per­ proposals for contacting wha t is port ers cla im the price is ve ry rea­ plexing problems. often referred to as the cosmic CO I11 - sonable , es peciall y com pared to the Ma n's rendezvous with destiny m unity. The idea that man is a hund reds of bil lions presen tly spent may indeed li e in hi s com munica­ uniquc intelli gence in the scheme of fo r defense. or even com pared to the tio n with a su perior bei ng. but th e things is now being replaced by a present expendi lures for cigarelles. fi nal contact might be even more be lie f tha t intelligent consciousness W ha t could Cyclops ach ieve for remarkable than we can now im ag­ may ex ist throughout the universe. ma nk ind? Accordin g to O liver, ine. And the irony is this: that Be in g Dr. Bernard Oliver, a st rong there are probably billio ns of races may be only a prayer away. 0

40 Th e PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 Sada t has call ed upon his people pe rsona ll y within less th an three SADAT (Co ntinueijrom page 4) 10 copy the example of the Germans weeks, when we met briefiy in Dal­ after World War 1I in rebuilding the las. prior to hi s speech before the ti ons in search of politica l back in g nation. But Egypt. like defea ted Dallas Council for World Affairs. for hi s Mideast policies and cash Germany. nee ds outsid e aid and Nevertheless. th ough he places a nd loans for arms' purchases and investment 10 pull off her Wirt­ great confidence in the skills of Dr. national reconstructi on. In addition sc/lajiswundel'. For unl ike man y of Kiss inger. Sada t is enough of a rea l­ to the bi ll ions he was promised in her Arab neighbors, Egypt ha s few ist to acknowledge the fact that th e long-term loan s, he was given hun­ proven oil rese rves . interi m peace accord is just th at. a dreds of millio ns of dollars in cash Egypt 's recon struction task is an tem porary arrangement th at ca nn ot for arms purcha ses. awesome one. The imbalance be­ las t forever withou t further move­ This ready cash - if not spent in tween reso urces and a fa st-grow in g ment. Thus, he stated rece ntly that th e United Sta tes - will undoubt­ population is a serious obs tacle in "shullie diplomacy is dead" and edly be spent elsewhere. And if Sa­ th e drive to raise th e national stan­ aga in emph asized th e need for the dat is forced to go elsewhere to dard or li vin g. The population o f Geneva Conferen ce at wh ich th e spend hi s money, military a nalysts Egypt - already the most populous Palestinians wi ll be represented. fee l Washi ngton will ha ve lost its co untry in th e Arab \·vo rl d - is If the Un ited States does not rec­ opportunity 10 become the major growing at a rate of abou t I mill ion og ni ze th e ge nuineness of Sadat's arms supplier to bOlh Israel and a yea r. ex tended hand of fri endship and Egypt. and with it the chance to Sada t needs massive foreie. n aid fa ils 10 grasp th e opportunity for eventually scale down th e fl ow of and investm ent to furth er m'Ode rn­ vastly improving U.S.-Egyptian re­ arms to th e region. ize th e Suez Canal. to ge t industry la lions. th en Sadat's bold gamb le Also, W ash in gLOn wi ll have lost moving. to reb uild wa r-devastated may not succeed. th e accompa nyi;g diplomatic lever­ citi es. to assi st and expa nd agricul­ Egypt's needs are primarily those age whi ch wo uld ha ve bee n va lu­ ture, and to improve tran sportation of the human element: th e si mple a bl e in orc h es trating furth er and co mmunica tions. necessi ti es of food, cl othin g, and Egyp tian- Israe li peace ac~o rd s. During our co nv ersa tion. Sada t shelter for mi ll io ns living on th e Furthermore, observers point out. told me of th e agreement by Persi an barest edge of surviv al. Wha t a pil Y if Sadat does not get the quantity Gulf nations during hi s recent visit th e U.S. ca nn ot co nsid er supplyi ng and quality of weapons aid th aI he the re to raise a substantial fund for aid in the form of tractors instead of desperately needs - wh ich really the assistance of the Egyptian econ­ tanks: in structional equipment in­ can co me from nowhere but the omy. But while ai d from the oil-ri ch stead of airplanes ; agricultural United Sta tes ~ his critics in th e Arab states is hel pful and appreci­ know-h ow in place of nucl ea r reac­ Egyp ti an mili ta ry and throu ghout ated, much more is requ ired. tors; the equipment of peace and th e Arab wo rld wi ll have a powe rful American aid and private invest­ progress rather th an th e mau~riel of politica l weapon against him, which ment is greatly needed. and Sadat war. could ulti ma tely result in his ouster. hopes to see it on the increase. H e And that coul d spell disaster for express ed to me hi s "deepest grat­ Other Considerations America's peacemaking efrOrlS and it ude 10 th e American people, the Egypt is but one element in th e possi bly lead to a full-scale Midd le America n pres id ent. and the Con­ complex Middle East equa ti on. De­ Ea st wa r! gress for th e help they a re givin g spite Presid e nt Sadat's la udable With a moderate like Sadat at th e us. " ho pes and dreams a nd despi te th e helm in Egypt, Syria's war-making positive U.S. response so fa r 10 his potential is severely undercut. Da­ " I Trust Henry" turn to th e West. there are othe r mascus could never hope to defeat Speakin g of th e events whi ch led 10 important factors at work in th e th e powerful Israeli army without the signi ng of th e in terim peace ac­ Middle East which could override the assistance of Egypt on the west­ co rd with Israe l. President Sad at all those co nsid erations. ern front. But should a man of the also told me. " We needed someone Bibl e prophecy indica tes th at one sa me temperament as Syria's Assad we co uld trust. tha t is, so meo ne in way o r another. the Middle East is or - worse ye t - Libya'S Qaddafi whom we co uld have confidence," to become the pri mary focal point take over in Egypt. wa r aga in st referring to U.S. Secretary of State of world atte ntion and co nce rn and Isra el would almos t be a virtual cer­ Henry Kiss in ge r. Sa dat declared. "I th e tind erbox of an even tu al conflict tainty. tru st Henry." which is to uhim!:1tely climax in the Rega rdless of va rying degrees of prophesied end-time bailie of Ar­ National Reconstruction publi c opinion direc ted toward Dr. magedd on. Though Sadat is des perately see king Kiss in ger. his own perso nal honesty As Th e Plain Tr//lh has urged a rm s. he a rd ently hopes Ihey will and integrity we re the major fac tors over and ove r during the past fo rty never have to be used. As I pointed in brin ging about th e prese nt com­ years, keep your eyes on the Middle out ,earlier. another war would be parative calm in the Sinai. Lillie did East ! Even ts th ere will ha ve a sig­ disastro us to his prim e objecti ve of I realize. at th at tim e, th at I would nifica nt impact on yo ur personal fu­ rebuilding Egypt's war-devastated ha ve the opportunit y to co nvey Mr. ture and on the future of th e entire eco nomy. Sadat's se ntim ents to Dr. Kissi nge r world. 0

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 41 " irresponsible attitude toward work, especially among younger employ- ees. "

God Works! Garner Ted Armstrong The once-proud American work ethic is deeply rooted in our fore­ bears' religious teachings. As a Time essay of October 1972 pointed out: "The Puritans were SPIAKS OUT! Calvinists, and they brought the work ethic to America. They pun­ ished idleness as a serious misde­ meanor. They filled their children's ears with copybook maxims about the devil finding work for idle hands and God helping those who help Let's Rediscover the Work Ethic themselves . " But as predicted in the Bible so are at a fuming point in days perilous times shall come. For many centuries ago, religion has "wehistory. If we adopt a men shall be lovers of their own declined in America to a mere don't care attitude, we selve.s, covetous, boasters, "form of godliness. " risk becoming a second-class eco­ proud, ... heady, highminded, The American work ethic has nomic power. " Those are the words lovers of pleasures more than been referred to as both the Protes­ of I. W. Abel, former president of lovers of God; haVing a form of tant ethic and the Puritan ethic. Ac­ the United Steelworkers. Over two godliness, but denying the power tually, neither of these terms is years ago, he called on American thereof: from such turn away" completely correct. The dignity of workers to improve lagging produc­ (II Tim. 3:1-5). work actually originated with God! tivity by " cutting down on exces­ A striking paradox, isn't it? In the Jesus Christ of Nazareth said: sive absenteeism, tardiness, face of mounting national and . my Father worketh hitherto, turnover, and overtime. " worldwide dangers - during "peril­ and I work " (John 5:17). The average American worker ous times" - men would, accord­ This same God intends for today, it seems, is primarily con­ ing to the Bible, become lovers of humans to be engaged in profit­ cerned about more pay, more pleasures. Americans now spend able, rewarding work. The very first fringe benefits, better pension anywhere from $50 to $150 billion man was instructed to " dress and plans, insurance plans, and all annually (depending on which sur­ keep" the garden of Eden - not to types of other job benefits - while vey you care to believe) searching let it become overgrown and run wanting to work less hours. for pleasures. down with weeds (Gen. 2:15). In short, too many Americans are Even the much sought after dol­ The Proverbs of Solomon are lit­ far more concerned about the ac­ lar has to play second fiddle to the erally filled with admonitions about quisition of material goods and desire for pleasure. In a study con­ laziness and slothfulness. longer vacations than about their ducted by two marketing professors Former PreSident Eisenhower in Jobs and the impact that good, at Ohio State University and the his parting State of the Union mes­ solid, honest work has on the na­ University of Wyoming respectively, sage, January 7, 1960, told his tion as a whole. it was revealed that 55 percent of a countrymen: "America did not be­ According to Lane Kirland, sec­ cross section of the nation's public come great through softness and retary-treasurer of the AFL-CIO, preferred additional leisure time self-indulgence. Her miraculous " There has been a steady and con­ over more money. progress and achievement flow sistent reduction in the commitment The modern "nonwork ethic" from other qualities far more worthy of men to work as a way of life." also reflects itself in the problem of and substantial: adherence to prin­ Instead, says this union official, absenteeism. According to UPI ciples and methods consonant with "The expansion of paid leisure time business writer Jack Brannan, " The our religious philosophy; a satis­ will continue, and there may well be average American worker is absent faction in hard work; the readiness a greater tendency to choose lei­ from the job nine days each year for to sacrifice for worthwhile causes; sure over additions to income, reasons ranging from commuting the courage to meet every chal­ where that choice can be made. " problems to alcoholism, and in­ lenge to her progress. A stunningly accurate forecast of cluding plain irresponsibility ... America today desperately needs these conditions exists in a book This rate of absenteeism costs em­ a great cause! She needs a noble, that most Americans don 't even ployers an average of $146.30 an­ just purpose. She needs to catch bother to read , much less heed. But nually for each person. " the vision of a dynamic goal which the prophecy is there, nevertheless. One of the reasons for the high calls for, and is worthy of, great " For this know also, that in the last rate of absences, he found, was the sacrifice and hard workl D

42 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 TAMPA - Channel 4, WFLA-TV, 12.30 p.m. " TOPEKA - Channel 27, KTS8-TV. 12:00 noon Sun. Sat. WASHINGTON, D.C. - Channel 7, WMAL-TV. TUPELO - Channel 9, WTWV-TV, 5:00 p.m 10:00 a.m. Sun. Sat WILMINGTON - Channel 6, WECT-TV, 12 TYLER - Channell, KLTV-TV, 10.30 p.m Sun. noon Sun. WtCHITA - ChannelS, KAAD-TV, 1:30 p.m. Sun. WICHITA FALLS - Channel 6, KAUZ-TV, 11:00 a.m. Sun Central Time ABILENE - Channel 12, KTXS-TV, 5:30 p.m. Sun ALEXANDRIA - Channel 5, KALB-TV, 10:00 Mountain Time a.m Sun. BOISE - Channel 6, KJVI- TV, 11 00 a m Sun. AMARILLO - Channel 10, KFDA-TV, 2:00 p.m. GRAND JUNCTION - Channel 5, KREX·TV, Sat. 4:30 p.m. Mon. BEAUMONT - Channel 12, KBMT-TV. 12:00 GREAT FALLS - Channel 5, KFBB·TV, 10:15 noon Sun. p.m. Sun BISMARCK - ChannelS, KFYR-TV , 12:00 MILES CITY - Channel 3, KYUS-TV. 6:00 p.m . noon Sat. Sat. CHICAGO - Channel 44, WSNS·TV, 9:30 p.m. MITCHELL, S.C. - Channel 5 KXON-TV, 8:00 Sun. p .m . Sun. STATIONS CORPUS CHRISTI - Channel 3, Ki ll-TV , 10:00 PUEBLO - Channel 5, KOAA-TV, 9'30 a.m. u.s. p.m. Sun. Sun. Eastern Time DALLAS - Channel 11 , KTVT-TV, 1:30 p.m . ROSWELL - Channel 40, KBIM-TV, 4:00 p.m. Sun. Sat. AKRON - Channel 23, WAKR·TV, 10:30 p.m. DOTHAN - Channel 18, WDHN·TV, 6:30 p.m . SALT LAKE CITY - Channel 5, KSL·TV, 12:30 Sun. Sat. p.m. Sat ALBANY - Channel 10, WTEN·TV, 2:30 p.m. EL PASO - Channel 13, KELP-TV, 1.00 p.m TUCSON - Channel 10, KGU N·TV. 11:30 a.m. Sa t. Sat. Sun. ALPENA - Channel 11, WBKB·TV, 11 :30 a.m. EVANSVILLE - Channel 14, WFIE·TV , 11 :00 Sun. a.m. Sun, ATLANTA - Channel 11 , WX IA·TV, 10:30 a.m . FARGO - Channel 1" KTHI .TV, 12 noon Sun. Sun. FT. SMITH - Channel 5, KFSM·TV, 12:30 p.m. Pacific Time BALTIMORE - Channel 45, WBFF-TV, 10:30 Sal. p.m . Sun GARDEN CITY - Channel 11 , KGLD-TV, 1:00 ANCHORAGE - Channel 13, KIMO·TV. 6:30 BANGOR - Channel 5. WAS I-TV, 11.00 a.m, p.m. Sun. p.m Wed Sun. GREAT BEND - Channel 2, KCKT-TV. 1:30 FAIRBANKS - Channel 11 , KTVF·TV . 5:00 BINGHAMPTON, N.Y. - Channel 40, WICZ-TV, p.m. Sun. p.m . Sal. 7.30 p.m . Sat. HATTIESBURG - Channel 7, WDAM-TV, 4:30 HONOLULU - Channel 2, KHON-TV , 1:00 p.m. CHARLE STON - Channel 2, WCBO-TV. 1:00 p.m. Sun. Sat. p.m. Sun. HOUSTON - Channel 39, KHTV-TV, 3:00 p.m. LAS VEGAS - Channel 8, KLAS-TV. 3:30 p.m. CHARLOTTE - Channel 7 WSOC-TV, 12:00 Sal. Sat. noon Sun. HUNTSVILLE - Channel 48, WYUR·TV, 5;30 LOS ANGELES - Channel 9, KHJ-TV, 9:00 CINCINNATI - ChannelS, WLWT-TV. 11:30 p .m. Sun. p.m. Sun a.m Sun. KANSAS CITY - Channel 4, WOAF-TV. 11'30 PORTLAND - Channel 12, KPTV-TV, 11 :00 COLUMBIA Channel 19, WNOK.TV. 4:00 p.m a.m. Sun. a.m. Sat. Sal. KEARNEY - Channel 13, KHGI·TV, 11 :30 p.m. ReNO - Channel 2, KTVN-TV. 3:30 p.m Sal COLUMBUS - Channel 4, WCMH-TV. 10:30 Sun SACRAMENTO - Channel 13, KOVA-TV, 11:00 a.m. Sun. LUBBOCK - Channel 11 , KCBO-TV. 12:00 a.m, Sun DAYTON - Channel 2, WLWO-TV, 12:00 noon noon Sun. SAUNAS - Channel 8, KSBw·TV, 5:00 pm Sun. LUFKIN - Channel 9, KTAE-TV, 2:00 p.m. Sun. Sun. FLINT - Channel 12, WJRT·TV. 10:30 a.m. MCCOOK - Channel 8, KOMC-TV, 1:30 p.m . SPOKANE - Channel 6, KHQ·TV, 1:30 p.m. Sun. Sun. Sun. GREENVILLE, N.C. - Channel 9, WN CT-TV, MERIDIAN - Channel 11 , WTOK-TV, 10:00 TACOMA - Channel 1" KSTW-TV, 11:30 a.m . 10:30 p.m. Sun. a.m. Sun. Sal. "" GREENVILLE - Channel 4, WFBC-TV, 12:00 " MIDLAND - Channel 2, KMIO·TV, 5:00 p.m. p.m. Sun. Sa t. HUNTINGTON, W.V. - Channel 13, WaWK­ MINNEAPOLIS - Channel 11 , WTCN·TV, 9:30 TV , 12 30 p.m. Sun. a.m. Sun. CANADIAN STATIONS INDIANAPOLIS - Channel 4, WTTV·TV. 12:30 MONROE - Channel 10, KTVE-TV, 12:00 p.m. At/antic Time p.m. Sat. Sun. JACKSONVILLE - Channel 12, WTLV-TV MONTGOMERY - Channel 32, WKAB-TV. 3:30 HALIFAX - ChannelS, CJCH·TV, 2:30 p.m 12:30 pm. Sal. p.m. Sun. Sun. JOHNSON CITY - Channel 11 , WJHL-TV. NASHVILLE - Channel 2, WNGE·TV, 6:00 p.m. ST. JOHN'S - Channel 6, CJON-TV, 1:00 p.m. 10:30 a.m. Sun . Sat. Sun. LANSING - Channel 10, WI LX-TV. 10:00 a.rn , NEW ORLEANS - Channel 4, WW L-TV, 11 :00 SYDNEY - Channel 4, CJCB·TV, 2:30 p.m. Sun. a m. Sun. Sun. LOUISVILLE - Channel 41, WORB-TV. 1:00 NORTH PLATTE - Channel 2, KNOP-TV. 6:30 MONCTON - Channel 2, CKCW-TV, 2:30 p.m pm Sal. p,m. Mon. Sun. NEW YORK - Channel 9 , WOR-TV, Rotating OKLAHOMA CITY - Channel S, KOCO-TV , schedule 11 ;30 a.m. Sun. PHILADELPHIA - Channel 17, WPHL-TV, OMAHA - Channel 6, WOWT-TV, 3:00 p.m. 11:00 p.m. Sun. Sat Eastern Time PORTLAND - Channel 8, WMTW-TV, 11 :30 PEORIA - Channel 19, WRAU·TV, 10:30 p.m. BARRIE - Channel 3, CKVA·TV, 12:00 p.m. a.m . Sun. Sun. Sun. PORTSMOUTH - Channel 10, WAVY-TV, 12 ROCKFORD - Channel 13, WREX·TV, 9:00 HAMILTON - Channel 11 , CHCH-TV. 10:30 noon Sun. a.m. Sun. a.m, Sat PROVIDENCE - Channel 12, WPR I-TV, 1:30 SHREVEPORT - Channel 6, KTAL-TV, 12:30 KINGSTON - Channel 11 , CKWS-TV, 12 noon p.rn . Sal. p,m , Sa t. Sat. SALISBURY - Channel 16, WSOC-TV. 11:00 SIOUX CITY - Channel 14, KM EG-TV. 5:00 MONTREAL - Channel 12 , CFCF-TV. 5:30 p.m, a .m. Sun. p,m . Sun. Sun. SOUTH BEND - Channel 22, WSBT-TV, 11:00 SPRINGFIELD, MO. - Channel 27 , KMTC-TV, NORTH BAY - Channel 4, CHNB-TV, 1:00 p m a.m. Sun. 5:30 p m Sal Sun. SPRINGFIELD - Channel 40, WHYN-TV, 1:00 SPRINGFIELD - Channel 20, WICS-TV, 12:30 PEMBROKE - Channel 5, CHOV-TV. 12 noon p .m. Sat. p.m. Sal. Sun. STEUBENVILLE - Channel 9. WSTV-TV. 12:00 TE MPLE - Channel 6, KCEN-TV, 11 :00 a.m. PETERBOROUGH - Channel 12, CHEX.TV , noon Sun Sun. 12:30 p.m. Sal.

The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 43 QUEBEC CITY - Channel 5, CKM I-TV, 12:00 DETROIT -WLDM-FM, 95.5 mc., 7:15 a.m. SAVANNAH - WSAV, 630 kc .• 7:00 p.m. Mon.­ noon Sun. Mon.-Sal. 9:00 a.m. Sun. Frl. SAULT STE. MARIE - Channel 2, CJIC-TV. ERIE - WWGO, 14 50 kc ., 10:00 p.m. M o n . ~Sa t. SC RANTON - WGBI, 910 kc .. 12:30 p.m. Mon.­ 9.30 a.m. Sal. EVANSVILLE - WJPS, 1330 kc., 10:00 p.m. Sun. SUDBURY - Channel 9, CKNC-TV, 1:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri. SPRINGFIELD - WA CE, 730 kc., 12 noon daily. Sun. (l; EVANSVILLE - WVHI-FM 105.3 mc., 4:30 SYRACUSE -WSOQ, 1220 kc., 7:00 a.m. THUNDER BAY - Channel 4, CHFO-TV, 1:30 p. m. Mon.-Fri. Mon.-Frl. p.m . Sun. (c FAIRFIELO -WCNW 1560 kc., 12:30 p.m. TAMPA -WINO, 10 10 kc., 5:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri. TI MMINS -Channel 6, CFCL-TV. 1:00 p.m. M o n .~ Fr i. TOLEDO -WSPD , 1370 kc., 6:30 p.m. daily. Sun. FLINT - WKMF, 1470 kc., 10:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri. WALTERBORO - WALD, 1060 kc., 12:00 noon FORT WAYNE - WGL, 1250 kc., 6:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. Mon.-Fri. WATERBURY - WDEV, 550 kc ., 6:30 p.m. Central Time FRANKLIN - WFTN 1240 kc., 12:15 p.m. Mon .­ Mon .~ F r i. Fri. WINSTON-SALEM - WSJ S, 600 kc., 9:30 p.m. BR ANDON - ChannelS, GKX-TV. 12:30 p.m. GAINESVILLE - WAKA, 1390 kc., 7:00 a.m. M on . ~F r i. Sun. Mon.-Fri. · WINTER GARDEN - WH LY-FM, 106.7, 7:00 REGI NA -Channel 2, CKCK-TV, 12 noon Sun. GAYLORD - WATC, 900 kc .. 12:30 p.m. Mon.­ a.m . Mon.-Frio SASKATOON - Channel 8, CFQC-TV. 12 noon Fri. WHEELING - WWVA, 11 70 kc .. 5;00 a.m. Sun. GREENVILLE - WN CT AM & FM 1070 kc. & Mon.-Fri.. 8:30 p.m. Sun.-Fri., 10:30 a.m. & SWI FT CURRENT - Ch annelS, CJFB-TV, 107.7 mc., 6:30 p.m. Mon.-Sat. 11 :30p.m. Sun. 11 :30 p .m. Sun. HARRISBURG - WHP, 580 kc., 7:30 p.m. daily. WINNIPEG -Channel 7, CKY~TV, 12 noon HARTFORD -WCNX, 1150 kc., 12:30 p.m. Sun. Mon.-Fri. YO RKTON -Channel 3, CKOS-TV, 12 noon "' INDIANAPOLIS - WBRI , 1500 kc .• 2:00 p.m. Sun. Mon.-FrL Central Time " JACKSONVILLE - WBI X, 1010 kc., 10:30 APPLETON - WHBY, 1230 kc .. 6:00 p.m. Mon.­ a.m. Mon.-Fri. Fri. JACKSONVILLE, FL. -WCMG, 1090 kc., 12 Mountain Time ATOKA -KEOR-AM, 11 10 kc., 4:30 p.m. Mon . ~ noon daily. Fri. CALGAR Y - Channel 4, CFCN-TV, 4:00 p.m. JACK SONVILLE, N.C. - WLAS, 910 kc., 7:00 ATOKA - KTEN-FM , 93.3 mc .. 6:30 a.m. Mo n.­ Sun. a.m. Mon.-Fri. Fri. EDMONTON - Channel 3, CFAN -TV, 11:00 JOHNSTOWN - WJAC, 850 kc., 7:00 p.m. AUSTIN - KLBJ. 590 kc .• 6:30 p. m. Mon.-Sa!., a.m. Sun. Mon.-Fri. 9:30 a.m. Sun. LLOYDMINSTER -Channel 2. CKSA-TV, 1:00 KINGSPORT -WKPT, 1400 kc .. 12:30 p.m. BIRMINGHAM - WYOE, 850 kc., 7:00 p.m. p.m . Sun. Mon.-Fri. Mon.·Sat., 6 .30 a.m. & 6:30 p.m. Sun. KISSIMMEE - WFIV, 1080 kc., 12:30 p.m. BOWLING GREEN - WLBJ, 1410 kc., 5:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. Mon.-Fri. "' KNOXVILLE - WSKT, 1580 kc" 8:00 a. m. CHICAGO -WMAO, 670 kc .• 5:05 a.m. Mon.­ Pacific Time Mon.-Frio Sat. DAWSON CR EEK - Channel S, CJDC-TV , 5:30 LANCASTER - WXRL, 1300 kc., 6:30 a.m. · CINCINNATI -WZI P, 1050 kc ., 3:00 p.m. p.m. Sun. Mon.-Frl. Mon.-FrL VANCOUVER -Channel 8, CH AN~TV, 11 :30 (l; LAURINBURG - WSTS-FM, 96.5 mc., 12:30 COFFEYVILLE -KGGF, 960 kc., 5:00 a.m. a .m. Sun. p.m. Mon.-Fri. Mon.-FrI.. 6:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri. VICTORIA - Channel 6, CHEK-TV, 11 :30 a. m. LENOIR - WJRI, 1340 kc., 6:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. DALLAS -KRLD , 1080 kc., 10:30 p.m. Mo n . ~ Sun. LONDON - WFTG, 1400 kc., 12:30 p.m. Mon.­ Sat. , 11: 00 p.m. Sun. WHITEH ORSE - Channel 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, Fri. DAVENPORT - KX IC, 800 kc., 6:05 a.m . Mon.· WHTV-TV, 7:00 p.m. Sun. LOUISVILLE - WFIA AM & FM, 900 kc., 103.9 Fri. mc., 11 :30 a. m. M o n . ~ F rL AM: 7:00 a.m. Mon.­ DE S MOINES - KWKY , 1150 kc., 12:30 p.m. & Fri. FM 9:30 p.m. daily. LOUISVILLE - WHAS, 840 kc., 11:30 p.m. DULUTH - WEBC, 560 kc., 12:00 ncon Mon.­ Mon.-Fri., 8:00 p.m. Sun. Sat. MIAMI - WIOO, 610 kc. , 8:25 p.m. Mon.-Sat. , FAYETTEVILLE -KFA Y, 1250 kc., 12:30 p.m. 8:30 p.m. Sun. Mon.-Fri. MONTPELIER -WSKI , 1240 kc., 6:00 p.m. GADSDE N - WAAX 570 kc., 12:30 p.m. Mo n . ~ RADIO LOG M o n . ~Fri . Sat., 12 noon, Sun. NEW HAVEN - WEll, 960 kc ., 10:30 p.m. GLADEWATER -KEE S, 1430 kc., 12 noon Mon.-Fri., 9:00 p.m. Sat. & Sun. daily. u.s. STATIONS NEW ROCHELLE -WVOX, 1460 kc ., 12:30 GRAND FOR KS -KRAD , 1590 kc., 12:30 p.m. p.m . Mon.-Sat., 10:00 a. m. Sun. Mon.-Fri. Eastern Time NEW YORK - WOR, 710 kc., 6:30 a. m. & 11: 30 GREEN BAY - WGEE, 1360 kc., 6:30 p.m. AKRON - WSLR. 1350 kc., 5:00 a.m. Mo n .~ p.m. Sun., 10:30 p.m. M o n .~ Fr i. Mon.-Frio Sun., 10:30 p.m. Mon.-Sun., 8:30 p.m. Sun. (l; N IAGARA FALLS - WHLD, 1270 kc .. 6:30 HOUSTON - KPRC, 950 kc., 10:30 p.m. daily. ALLENTOWN -WSAN. 1470 kc., 6:30 a.m. a.m. Mon.-Fri. JONESBORO - KNEA, 970 kc., 5:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. PADUCAH - WDXR, 1560 kc ., 12:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. AS HEVILLE - WWNC, 570 kc., 11 :00 p.m. Mon.-Fri. KANSAS CITY - KMBZ, 980 kc., 10:30 p.m. daily. PANAMA CITY, Flo - WPCF, 1430 kc., 6:30 dally. ATH ENS - WOOL, 1470 kc .• 12:30 p.m. M o n .~ p .m. M o n .~ Fr i. LITTLE ROCK - KAAY, 1090 kc .. 7:30 p.m. Fri. PHILADELPHIA - WRCP, 1540 kc., 12 noon, daily .. 9:30 a.m. Sun., 5:15 a.m. Mon.-Sa\. BLUEFIELD - WKOY, 1240 kc., 6:00 p.m. Mon.-Sal ., 10:30 a.m. Sun. MEMPH IS -WREC, 600 kc., 11:00 p.m . Mon . ~ Mon.-Sat. 1:30 p.m. Sun. PIKEVILLE - WPKE, 1240 kc., 6:00 p.m. Mon.­ Sa t. BROCKTON - WBET AM & FM 14 60 kc., 97.7 Fri. M ILWAUKEE - WI SN, 1130 kc., 11:30 p.m. mc., 6:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. PITTSBURGH - WPIT, 730 kc., 12 noon, Mon.­ Mon.-Fri. CAYCE - WCAY, 620 kc ., 12:00 noon Mon .-Fri. Sat. , 11 :00 a.m. Sun. MOBILE - WKRG, 710 kc ., & 99.9 mc. 11 :30 CHARLESTON - WCHS, 580 kc., 10:30 p.m. PITTSBURGH - KOV, 141 0 kc ., 10:00 p.m. a.m. Mon.-Fri., & 7:30 a.m. Sa l. & Sun. 8:00 Mon.-Sal. Mon.-Fri. p.m. daily (FM). CHATTANOOGA - WDEF, 1370 kc., 5:00 a.m. PORTSMOUTH -WIOI, 1010 kc., 12:35 p.m. MT. VERNON -WMIX, 940 kc., 7:00 p.m. daily. Mon.-Sat. 6 : ~0 a.m. Sun. Mon . ~F r i . NASHVILLE - WSIX, 980 kc., 8:30 p.m . Mon.­ CHESAPEAKE - WC PK, 1600 kc., 12:30 p.m PROVIDENCE -WJAR, 920 kc., 11 :30 p.m. Sat.. 8:00 p.m. Sun. Mon .~ Fri. Mon . ~ Fr 1. NEW ORLEANS - WWL, 870 kc., 8:30 p.m . CINCINNATI - WCKY, 1530 kc., 5:00 a.m. (l; RALEIGH - WPTF, 680 kc., 1:15 p.m. Mon.­ Mon.-Sa\. daily. Fri., 9:30 a.m. Sun. OKLAHOMA CI TY - KTOK, 1000 kc., 10:30 CINCINNATI - WLW, 700 kc., 1 1:00 p.m. Sun. RI CHMOND - WRVA, 1140 kc., 10:00 p.m. p.m. daily. CLEVELAND - WE RE, 1300 kc., 11 :00 p.m. daily. PAM PA - KGRO, 1230 kc., 6:00 p.m . Mon.-Fri. Mon . ~Sun . ROANOKE - WFIR, 960 kc .• 7:00 p.m. daily. PEORIA -WMBD, 1470 kc., 10:30 p.m. daily. COLUMBU S - WWWY~FM , 104.9 mc., 6:00 ROCHESTER - WHAM, 1180 kc., 11:30 p.m . ROLLA - KCLU AM & FM, 1590 kc ., 94.3rnc p.m. Mon.-Fri. Mon.-Frl., 10:00 a.m. Sun. 8:30 a.m. Mon.-Fri. DA YTON - WONE, 980 kc., 11 :30 p.m. Mon.­ ROCHESTER - WWNH, 930 kc .. 6:30 p.m. RUSSELLVillE - KARV, 1490 kc., 10:00 p.m. Fri., 8:30 p.m. Sun. Mon.-Fri. Mon.-Fri.

44 The PLAIN TRUTH June 1976 ST. JOSEPH - KUSN, 1270 kc., 12:30 p.m. ° SAN FRANCISCO - KFMR·FM, 104.9 8 00 THUNDER BAY - CKPR, 580 kc., 9:30 p.m. daily. a.m. Mon.·Fri. Sun. ST. PAUL- KRSI , 950 kc., 8:00 p.m. daily. SAN FRANCISCO - KNBR, 680 kc., 11 :30 p.m. THUNDER BAY - CJSO ·FM, 94.3 mc., 6:30 ~ SAN ANTONIO - WOAI, 1200 ke., 5:00 a.m. Mon .·Sat. p.m. dally. Mon.·Sal., 7:30 p.m . Sun. SAN FRANCISCO - KKIS, 990 ke ., 10:00 p.rn TIMMINS - CKGB, 680 ke .. 9:00 p.m. Mon .­ SHERMAN - KTXO, 1500 kc. , 5:00 p.m. Mon.· Mon.·Sat. Fri. , 9:30 p.m. Sat. Fri. SANTA ROSA - KPLS, 1150 kc., 7;00 a.m. TROIS RIVIERES - CHLH, 550 kc .. 7:00 a.m. SIOUX FALLS, S.D. - KIOV-FM, 104.7mc Mon.-Fri. Sun. 12:30 p.m. Mon.-Fri. SEATTLE - KIRO, 710 ke ., 5:00 a.m. Mon.· SIOUX CITY, 10. - KSCJ , 1360 kc., 6:15 p.m. Sat .. l':30p.m. Mon .·SaL Mon.·Sun. SEA TTLE - KXA, 770 kc., 7:00 a.m. Mon.-F ri. TEXARKANA - KOSY , 790 kc., 5:30 p.m. Mon.­ SEWARD - KRXA, 950 kc., 12:30 p.m . Mon.­ Central Time Fri. Sat. DAUPHIN - CKDM, 730 kc., 6:30 p.m. daily. WATERLOO - KXEL, 1540 kc., 8:30 p.m. Mon.· WAIPAHA, HI . - KAHU, 940 kc .. 7:00 p.m. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE - CFRY, 920 kc ., 6:30 Sat.. 8:00 p.m. Sun., 105.7 me FM , 11 :30 Mon.-Frio p .m. dally a.m. Sun. YAKIMA - KUTI, 980 kc., 9:30 p.m, Sun.­ PRINCE ALBERT - CKBI, 900 kc., 6:30 p.m. WATERTOWN - KWAT·FM, 96.1 mc., 12:00 Thurs. & Sat.. 7; 30 p.m. Fri. Mon.-Fri. noon Mon.·Fri. REGINA - CKRM, 980 kc., 8:30 p.m. daily. SASKATOON - CFQC, 600 kc., 8:30 p. m. daily. CANADIAN STATIONS SWIFT CURRENT - CKSW, 1400 kc., 10:30 p .m. dally. Mountain Time A tJantic Time WINNIPEG - CKJS, 9:00 a.m. daily. ALBUQUERQUE - KOB, 770 kc., 11 :00 p.m. BAIE·VERTE - CKIM, 1240 kc., 6:00 p.m. daily. dally. CAMBELLTON - CKNB, 950 kc., 9:30 p.m. Mon.-Sat. ~ ARVADA - KQXI , 1550 kc., 1:30 p.m. Mon.­ Mountain Time FREDERICTON - CFNB, 550 ke .. 10:05 p.m. Fri. BROOKS - CKBR, 1340 kc., 6:00 p.m. daily. BLACKFOOT - KBLI. 690 kc., 6:30 p.m. Mon.­ Mon.-Fri. GANDER - CKGA, 730 ke ., 6:00 p.m. dally, CAMROSE - CFCW, 790 kc .. 8:30 p.m. Mon.· Fri. Sat. BOISE - KAIN , 1340 kc., 6:55 a.m. Mon.·Fri. GRAND FALLS - CKCM, 620 kc., 6.00 p.rn daily. DAWSON CREEK - CJDC, 1350 kc. • 8:00 p.m. CASPER - KTWO, 1030 kc., 6:05 p.m. & 10:05 dally. p.m. daily. MARYSTOWN - CHCM, 560 kc., 6:00 p.m dally. EDSON - CJYR, 970 ke., 7:00 p.m. daily. DENVER - KOA, 850 kc ., 10:30 p.m. Mon.· MONCTON - CKCW, 1220 kc., 9:30 p.m, Mon.· GRAND PRAIRIE - CFGP , 1050 kc., 8:30 daily Sat., 7:00 p.m. Sun. except Wed . DURANGO - KIUP, 930 kc., 6:00 a.m. Mon.·Fri. Sal. NEWCASTLE -CFAN , 790 ke , 9:30 p.m. LLOYDMINSTER - CKSA, 1080 kc., 7:00 p.m. FARMINGTON - KRZE, 1280 kc .• 6:00 a.m. Mon.-Sat. daily. Mo n.-Fri. MEDICINE HAT - CHAT, 6:30 p.m. Mon.·Sal. FLAGSTAFF - KCLS, 600 kc., 12.30 p.m. daily. SAINT JOHN - CFBC, 930 kc., 8:30 p.m. Mon.· Fri. PEACE RIVER - CKYL, 610 kc., 7:30 p.m. KALISPELL - KOFI, 1180 kc., 6:30 p.m. daily. ST. JOHN'S - VOCM, 590 ke ., 6:30 p.m. daily. Mon.·Sat. MISSOULA - KGVO, 1290 kc .• 6:30 p.m. Mon.- SYDNEY - CJCB, 1270 kc., 6:00 p.m. daily. RED DEER - CKRD, 850 ke ., 6:30 p.m. daily. Fri. YARMOUTH - CJLS, 1340 kc., 6:30 p.rn Mon.- PHOENIX - KJJJ, 910 kc., 10:00 p.m. Mon.·Fri. Sat PRESCOTT - KYCA, 1490 kc., 7:00 p.m . Mon.­ Sat. Pacific Time SALT LAKE CITY - KSL, 1160 kc .• 5:06 a.m. & Eastern Time CASTEEGAR - CKQR, 1230 kc., 7:00 p,m. 11 :06 p.m. Mon.-Sat. , 5:30 a.m. & 11 :25 p.m. Mon.-Fri. Sun. BLIND RIVER - CJNR, 730 ke., 6:30 p.m. dally. COURTENAY - CFCP, 1440 ke., 9:20 p.m. TUCSON - KTUC, 1400 kc. , 12:45 p.m. daily. BRANTFORD - CKPC, 1380 kc., 6:30 p.m. daily . 6:00 a.m. Mon.-Sat., 6:30 a.m. Sun. dally. ~ GRAND FORKS - CKGF, 1340 ke .. 9:30 p .m. WHEATLAND - KYCN, 1340 kc., 5:30 p.m . CORNWALL - CJSS, 1220 kc., 10:30 p.m. Mon.·Sal. Mon.·Fri. dally. KAMLOOPS - CFFM (FM) 98 .3 me., 10:30 p,m DRYDEN - CKDR, 900 kc" 7:30 p.m. Mon.·Fri., Mon.·FrL 10:30 p.m. Sun. KITIMAT - CKTK, 1230 kc., 7:30 p.m. Sun. ELLIOTT LAKE -CKNR, 1340 kc., 6:30 p.m. OSOYOOS - CKOO, 1240 kc., 9:30 p.m. Mon.­ Pacific Time dally. Sat. ANCHORAGE - KYAK, 650 ke ., 9:00 p.m. FT . FRANCES -CFOB, 800 kc., 7:30 p.m. PENTICTON - CKOK, 800 kc., 9:30 p.m. daily. daily. Mon.·Fri., 10.30 p.m. Sun. PRINCE GEORGE - CKPG, 550 kc., 10:30 p.m. COVINA - KGRB, 900 ke. , KOB· FM, 98.3 me., HULL - CKCH, 7:00 a.m. Sun. Mon.-Sat. 12 noon Mon.·Sat., 9:00 a.m. Sun. KENORA - CJRL, 1220 kc., 7:30 p.m. Mon.· PRINCE RUPERT - CHTK, 560 kc., 7:30 p.m. EUGENE - KATR, 1 320 ke., 7:30 a.m. Mon.·Fri. Fri ., 10:30 p.m . Sun. Sun. ~ FRESNO - KBIF, 900 ke., 1:00 p.m. Mon.·Fri. KINGSTON - CKWS, 960 kc., 10:30 p.m. Mon.· REVELSTOKE - CKCR, 1340 kc., 8:30 p.m. FRESNO - KMJ, 580 ke., 6:30 p.m. Mon.·Sat. •. Fri. daily. 5:30 p.m . Sun. KIRKLAND LAKE - CJKL, 560 kc., 9:30 p.m. SALMON ARM - CKXR, 580 ke .. 8:30 p.m. KEALUKEKUA, HI. - KKON, 790 ke., 6:00 p.m. Mon.-Sat. daily. Mon.·Fri. - LEAMINGTON - CHYR, 710 kc .. 6:30 p.m. SUMMERLAND - CK$P. 1450 kc .. 9:30 p.m. ~ LAS VEGAS - KTRI·AM & FM , 970 ke., 92.3 Mon.-Fri. Mon.·Sat. me., 6:30 a.m. daily, LINDSAY - CKLY, 910 kc .. 10:00 p.m. Mon.· TERRACE - CFTK, 590 kc., 7:30 p.m . Sun. LOS ANGELES - KLAC, 570 ke., 10:30 p.m. Fri. VICTORIA - CJVI, 900 kc ., 9:30 p.m. Sun.-Fri. Mon.-Sat., 8:30 a.m. Sun . MONTREAL - CFMB, 1410 kc., 6:30 a.m. WHITEHORSE - CKRW, 610 ke .. 7:00 p.m. MEDFORD - KAGN-FM, 98.5 mc., 8:00 a.m. Mon.·Fri. daily. Mon.·Fri. MONTREAL (French) - CFMB, 1410 kc., 5:00 MEDFORD - KSHA, 860 kc., 7:00 a.m. Mon.· p.m. Sal. & Sun. Sal. NEW LlSKEARD - CJTI. 1230 kc., 9:30 p.m. PLEASE NOTE OLYMPIA - KITN, 920 kc., 6:00 a.m. Mon . ~Fri . daily. ONTARIO - KSVA, 1380 kc., 7:00 p.m. Mon.­ NORTH BA Y - CFCH, 600 kc., 9:30 p.m. Mon.· M any of the times listed above fal l Fri. Fri. , 9:00 p.m. Sat. in heavy sports programming time PASCO - KOTY, 1340 kc., 12:30 p.m. Mon.­ RIMOUSKI- CJBR,900 kc., 7:00 a.m . Sun. slots; therefore they will be subject Sat., 12:00 p.m. Sun. SARNIA - CKJR, 1250 ke., 7:00 p.m daily. PORTLAND - KODL 1440 kc. , 6:00 p.m. Mon.­ SAULT STE . MARIE - CKCY, 920 kc., 6:30 to occasional preemptions by these Fri. p.m. daily. sports events. Please check your PORTLAND - KYXI, 1520 kc., 10:30 p.m. Mon.­ ~ SHERBROO K E - CHLT, 630 kc ., 8:00 p.m. local TV guide or newspaper for Fri. Sun. SACRAMENTO - KRAK, 1140 kc., 8:30 p.m. SM ITHS FALLS - CJET, 630 ke., 7:30 p.m. possible tim e or day changes. Mon.-Sat. Mon.·Sat. ,~ denotes new stations or changes SALINAS - KTOM, 1380 kc., 10:30 p.m. Mon.· STE . AGATHA (French) - CJSA, 1230 KC ., in ai ring times or days . For addi­ Fri. 6:30 p.m. Mon.·Wed., & Fri. SAN DIEGO - KSDO, 1130 kc., 10:30 p.m. ST. JEAN - CKCV, 7:00 a. m. Sun. tional information call 800·423·4444 Mon.·Sal. THETFORD MINES -CKLD, 7:00 a.m. Sun. toll free.

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