11968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A TRmUTE TO DR. SAM D'AMBOLA On Thursday evening, May 16, "Doc" Forces, while he was in the Army during D'Ambola will retire from his head coach World Warn. Later, he was a member position. The fencing alumni of Essex of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra. BON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. Catholic are to hold a tribute in his hon­ The spirit with which Edward and OF NEW .JERSEY or. As Dr. D'Ambola looks baclc on the Arlis Prior have dedicated themselves to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special memories and experiences he has the Monterey Park Concert Band is truly Monday, April 22, 1974 shared over the years, I am sure his sense amazing. To them. every penny of the of fulfillment for the self-confidence and $10,000 they have donated and all the Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, in today's pride he has helped to build and for the work they have put into the band have society of hustle and bustle, when our opportunities and challenges he has been worth it. They are repaid, says working hours and our daily commit­ opened for his students will make this Major Prior, by "the uplifting feelings of ments seem to leave us less and less time evening a truly unforgettable occasion. pursue our most cherished interests a job well done in seeing the joy of per­ to To Dr. Sam D'Ambola, my warm con­ forming good music in the faces of our and to share these special skills with gratulations. How well deserved is this performers and the happy response from others, I wanted to take a moment to forthcoming tribute. our audiences." bring Dr. Sam D'Ambola's accomplish­ ments to all my colleagues' attention. Now, however, Major Prior must retire as conductor because of his health. Un­ "Doc" D'Ambola, of my hometown of fortunately, but not surprisingly, he has Newark, N.J., can almos~ be described as EDWARD F. PRIOR RETIRES AS our community's "renaissance" man. His CONDUCTOR OF MONTEREY PARK not been able to find a replacement who leadership, his enthusiasm, and his com- CONCERT BAND will conduct without pay, as he did for mitment to the students and families of over 12 years. Newark extend into such multifarious There are not many people like Edward areas that one must assume Dr. D'Am- and Arlis Prior-people who are willing HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON to give so much of themselves so that bola wastes little time in making the oF cALIFoRNIA others can get enjoyment out of the most Of each day. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES things they love. On the occasion of his After graduating Barringer High Thursday, April 25, 1974 School in Newark in 1940, Seton Hall retirement, I would like to extend my College in 1947, and Downstate Medical Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, there heart-felt thanks to Major Prior for School in 1951, "Doc" D'Ambola con- are very few occasions these days when making his part of our world a better ducted both his internship and residency one is able to enjoy fine concert music place to live. at our city's St. Michael's Hospital. To- without paying a great deal of money for day be is president of the Essex County the pleasure. However, the citizens of Chapter of the American Academy of southern California have had the priv­ THE HANDICAPPED AND OLDER General Practice, chief of clinics at St. ilege of hearing the Monterey Park Con­ AMERICANS Michael's, a member of the hospital's cert Band for free for the past 12 years. executive committee, and secretary of The Monterey Park Concert Band was the medical staft'. Continuing his med- founded and has survived through the leal education, in 1970 he became a generosity and labors of Maj. Edward F. HON. ELLA T. GRASSO "diplomate" on the American Board of Prior and his wife, Arlis. Back in 1962, OF CONNECTICUT Family Practice. Thus, from the first day after Major Prior was forced by illness IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Doc" D'Ambola entered St. Michael's as to retire from his career as a trumpet Thursday, April 25, 1974 a medical intern, he has been a vital soloist, he and his wife decided to orga­ part of the hospital's responses to new nize and finance a concert band which, in Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, accord­ challenges and developments in its ef- addition to performing publicly, would ing to 1970 census figures, more than 12 forts to best meet the health needs of serve as a workshop where musicians million Americans between the ages of Newark's citizens. could improve their own ability by prac- 18 and ·64 are disabled, with some 5.3 Yet, for Dr. D'Ambola, his expertise in tieing in a group conducted by Major million working to support themselves the medical area has been but a part of Prior. and sometimes their families as well. his service to our people. Throughout his cards were sent out to some 200 mu­ Many of our older Americans over the professional studies, "Doc" D'Ambola sicians, including retired professionals age of 64 also suffer from impaired vis­ trained pursued, and mastered the dif- and semiprofessionals, top-flight ama­ ion or hearing or other infirmities. Still ficult and technical skills involved in teurs, and students, asking them to vol­ other Americans each year are tempo­ the art of fencing. In 1940, he served as unteer their services for the band. The rarily disabled. cocaptain of the metropolitan and State result was the Monterey Park Concert People on crutches and in wheelchairs championship Barringer team, while in Band, which gave its first performance must have a chance to gain the personal the same year holding the title of in- in March 1963. Now, 11 years later, the freedom and independence that will al­ dividual State champion. At Seton Hall band has over 75 members and is still low them the dignity of making it on College, he became a member of the east- an all-volunteer effort. Major and Mrs. their own. Often, however, especially if em intercollegiate championship team. Prior have poured nearly $10,000 of their disability comes late in life to the head In 1942, he achieved the eastern inter- personal funds into this project. The of a family, dealing with dally life and collegiate epee strip "C'' title. And, in Monterey Park Concert Band has become work can be a dimcult and frustrating 1957-58, he was acclaimed as the open very well known for its excellence. For experience. State foil champion. 3 years, the band has performed in the We must continue our efforts to break With this remarkable record, Dr. annual 12-hour telecast at Christmas down the barriers--architectural, psy­ D'Ambola, since 1960, has volunteered time from the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion chological, and others--that stand in the his teaching abilities and has served as at the Los Angeles County Music Center. way of fulfillment and success for the the head coach of the Essex Catholic Two of these performances won them disabled and the elderly. High School fencing team. During his Emmy Award nominations. Of course, no building or bus was de­ tenure, he has compiled an unbelievable The success of the band is due in no signed intentionally to keep the disabled 183-12-1 record, captured nine State small part to the talent of Major Prior. from using it. Yet, barriers inhibiting championships, eight Centrulo Tourna- He was known as one of the finest trum­ free access by the disabled do exist, pri­ ment titles, two metropolitan champion- · pet players in the country at a very early marily because the architects and engi­ ships and in the process ran oft' 107 eon- .age and has studied under many famous neers who planned these buildings or secutive victories. Through his efforts, tJ.11IDpet ~tructors. He has also played designed mass transit facilities failed to college scholarships were made possible with top dance bands and served as Chief take handicapped or elderly people into for more than 50 of his students. of Bands and Music, 5th Army Ground account. April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11969 It seems that the building and engi­ wanted the bill, which was vetoed by the This certainly would be one very desirable neering industries-in developing new President, to become law, yet the measure accomplishment of the bill, but it also offers models-are considering the particular which was finally enacted extended aid in many other areas where it is urgently needed. problems of the handicapped. More basic Federal programs for the handi­ For example, this bill also would provide ramps and other facilities for the dis­ capped and authorized the funding of the state of New Jersey with 35 million dol­ abled are being installed. Accessibility research in this area, as well as expanded lars to revitalize its a.lling railroad and bus to the handicapped has been a criterion training programs for those assisting lines. In addition, it would help the buses for federally financed construction for the handicapped. a.nd commuter lines in Connecticut, Long several years. Yet, greater awareness is I strongly support the efforts of the Island, Westchester, a.nd in other major essential, and programs, such as the one advocacy council in making people more metropolitan areas around the country. being sponsored by the consumer ad­ aware of the barriers impeding the prog­ We think that to dismiss this as a "big city bill" as the Nixon administration and some vocacy council of Greater Hartford, are ress of the handicapped and the elderly. rural Congressmen have done, completely important sources of needed informa­ Awareness Day and activities like it will misses the point of the Minish-Williams bill. tion and enthusiasm for barrier-free lead to a greater understanding of the The simple fact is that this legislation is a.ri. buildings and transit facilities. fact that people in wheelchairs are not emergency measure desgned to provide im­ It has been my privilege as a Member different, they are just in wheelchairs. mediate help to heavily populated metropoli­ of Congress to work to help break down This admirable event has my heartiest tan areas which already rely heavily on mass barriers impeding the handicapped and endorsement. transit. These facilities are hardpressed finan­ the elderly. A measure cosponsored by cially at a time when they a.re in urgent need of improvement to meet the demands of the me and now pending before the Ways current fuel shortage. and Means Committee would provide tax The Nixon bill, which is being offered as incentives for the removal of architec­ WINS RADIO SUPPORTS MINISH­ an alternative, is long-range legislation that tural and transportational barriers to WILLIAMS TRANSIT BILL does not put enough Federal help where it is the handicapped and the elderly. Enact­ needed right now. ment of this legislation would be an im­ We think that the Nixon bill might have portant step toward doing away with HON.EDWARD I. KOCH viability as part of a continuing public trans­ high curbs, narrow and high steps in OF NEW YORK portation improvement program, but Con­ gress should approve, and the President buildings, buses and trains, and tight IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should sign, the Minish-Williams emergency hallways and aisles. Hopefully, it will Thursday, April 25, 1974 bill without further delay. lead to the installation of ramps where they are needed and to a general re­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, last month thinking of design. WINS Radio ran an excellent editorial Barriers in transportation facilities are that effectively presents the urgent need END THE SEATBELT IGNITION particularly obstructive for the handi­ for the Minish-Williams transit aid bill. INTERLOCK NOW capped, since the inability to utilize mass On March 6, the Rules Committee re­ transit can often effectively isolate the fused to give this bill a rule because the House Public Works Committee pledged HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN disabled from the mainstream of com­ OF NEW HAMPSHmE munity life. Buses, in addition to subway to report out its comprehensive trans­ and railroad cars have not, in the past, portation package in 6 weeks. The 6 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been designed to make access possible for weeks have passed, but no bill has come Thursday, April 25, 1974 people in wheelchairs and for other dis­ forward. Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, for months abled individuals. Turnstiles and other The New York City metropolitan now I have had a bill pending before facilities at stations also cause problems. area, like other metropolitan areas in our the House Commerce Committee to A measure I have cosponsored would country, is in desperate need of transit rescind once and for all the im­ authorize grants under the Urban Mass operating aid. The Minish-Williams bill pertinent, unreasonable, bureaucratic, Transportation Act of 1964 to assist would provide this emergency aid. The and outrageous Department of Trans-. States and communities in providing Public Works Committee bill has many portation regulation requiring all new mass transit facilities that are planned, facets affecting both the highway and cars to have front seatbelts and har­ designed, and carried out to meet the mass transit programs; one cannot real­ nesses tied into their automotive ignition special needs of the handicapped and istically expect enactment of this bill systems. This demonstrably dangerous older Americans. The bill would estab­ for several more months. and patently inconvenient nuisance rep­ lish access to the elderly and the handi­ May I urge this House to approve resents big-brotherism at its worst and capped as criteria for the construction the Minish-Williams bill, an emergency should be rescinded by this Congress of federally financed mass transit facili­ short term measure, now so that im­ without delay. ties, and would authorize the funding of mediate aid can be sent to our be­ Many colleagues are cosponsors of my studies on how to improve transportation leagured transit systems while the House bill, H.R. 10277, and we are all, collec­ opportunities for the elderly and the and Senate Public Works Committees tively growing impatient with the stall­ handicapped. The legislation would also undertake their consideration of the ad­ ing tactics of the subcommittee sitting authorize free or reduced fares for the ministration's urban transportation pro­ on this measure. So is the general public elderly and the handicapped on air­ gram proposal. as appears from an interesting letter to planes, buses, and trains. Since the March 6 session of the Rules the editor of the Washington Post In addition to barriers in buildings Committee, Chairman MADDEN has in­ printed in today's edition: and transportation, disabled individuals dicated that he would give the Public also face resistance from the attitudes of Works Committee 8 weeks from that date BucHWALD AND SAFETY BELTS employers and others who feel that an to submit its bill. Eight weeks will be up GALES FERRY, CONN. infirmity rules a person out of employ­ next Wednesday, May 1. If the Public Art Buchwald's recent column "Fasten ment or other opportunities for which he Works Committee bill has not been re­ Your Belt" addressed the dilemma. of the or she may be well qualified. Since com­ 1974 automobile safety belts. In his own ported out by then, I hope that the Rules inimitable style, Mr. Buchwald has expressed ing to Congress, it has been my opportu­ Committee Will move expeditiously to the frustration which many of us feel when­ nity to cosponsor legislation dealing with submit the Minish-Williams bill to the ever we slip behind the wheel of our new this psychological barrier standing in the floor for a vote. cars. way of the disabled. The WINS editorial follows: Instead of a. reasonably simple a.nd pleas­ Legislation cosponsored by me would NEEDED NOW-THE MINISH-WILLIAMS MASS ant driving experience, we must strap our­ prohibit discrimination against the han­ TRANSIT BILL selves and our passengers to some arbitrary position which will allow the engine to be dicapped in their participation in any (By Robert W. Dickey) Federal program. In addition, the Reha­ started. Any deviation (or equipment mal­ It's unfortunate that the Minish-Wil­ function) produces a wailing tone which can bilitation Act of 1973 had my strong sup­ Ua.ms emergency urban mass transit aid be alleviated only by walking or taking the port, and it was a great pleasure to assist bill now stalled in the House Rules Commit­ bus. Thus absurdity is yet one more example in its drafting as a member of the House tee has been pictured primarily a.s a.n effort of misguided bureaucrats robbing us of our Education and Labor Committee. I to save the New York City subway fare. individual liberties. 11970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2.5, 1974 Certainly life is such a precl.ous commodity POLICY FOR U.S. NAVY NUCLEAR mit to Congress each calendar year, at the that we must continually strive to protect WARSHIPS same time the President submits the budget ourselves from needless sutrerlng and death. to Congress under Section 11 of Title 31 And certainly automobile safety harnesses United States Code, a written report regard­ reduce collision injuries to car occupants. HON. BOB WILSON ing the appUcation of nuclear propulsion to Yet we must reconcile legitimate concern for major combatant vessels for the strike forces automobile safety with the right of each OF CALIFORNIA of the United States Navy as defined in Sec­ American to choose his own destiny. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion 2 of this Act. The report shall identify Obviously automobile safety equipment Wednesday, April 24, 1974 contract placement dates for their construc­ should be available to everyone who desires tion. Further, the report shall identify the such. My 1970 model car included seat belts Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, Rep­ Department of Defense plans for construc­ as mandatory factory installed equipment, resentative CHARLES BENNETT, Democrat, tion of nuclear powered major combatant and this seemed to be a satisfactory com­ of .Florida, and I have today introduced vessels for the succeeding five years and cer­ promise. There were no ignition interlocks significant legislation to set policy for tify whether such plans are adequate to pro­ and I was able to choose whether or not I vide a modern striking force for the United the U.S. Navy's nuclear-powered States Navy and to maintain the necessary felt it necessary or desirable to fasten my warships. seat belts. industrial base for design and construction Present automobiles safety devices are not There is no question that nuclear pow­ of such vessels. only ludicrous, but potentially dangerous in er for ships has come of age. Our de­ SEc. 5. Neither the Department of Jefense themselves. The contortions--and I do :not pendence on fossil fuels for fighting nor the Office of Management and Budget, exaggerate-which are necessary to properly ships is threatened by shortages and nor any other executive department or fasten the safety harness tn order to start blockades, and the economy of nuclear agency, nor any employee thereof shall ma.k.e the engine can very conceivably cause panic any request for authorization or appropria­ propulsion is improving as oil prices con­ tion from Congress, either formally or infor­ and disaster in an emergency situation, such tinue to rise. as delivering a pregnant mother to the hos­ mally, for construction of any non-nuclear pital or removing a car from a burning The Bennett-Wilson bill will establish powered major combatant vessels for the garage. beyond doubt that our Navy is embark­ strike forces of the United States Navy unless I am not sure whether our elected repre­ ing on a program to make its capital and until: sentatives had the opportunity to debate and ships the most efficient and dependable (a) The President of the United States has vote on this particular regulation. Let it be fully advised the Congress that construction ships afloat. of nuclear powered vessels for such purpose known, however. that there is a growing I include in my remarks a copy of this is not in the national interest; army of citizens who are f:ed up with bureau­ Bennett-Wilson bill and a thoughtful ar­ cratic, ill-advised, and personally-restrictive (b) The Congress, through (i) concurrent ticle on the need for a nuclear-powered resolution or joint resolution, or (11) by con­ regulations out of the Washington complex. NavY. by the distinguished military writ­ current action of the Armed Services and Let's return some measure of sanity to er for Copley News Service, L. Edgar Appropriations Committees of the Senate automobile safety regulations by immediate and the House of Representatives, has con­ legislative repeal of safety harness require­ Prina: H.R. 14364 curred with the President's determination. ments. Such report of the President to the Con· EDWIN R. LINZ. A bill to ,establish the policy of the United gress shall include for consideration by Con­ States of America to modernize the ''3trike gress an alternate program of nuclear pow­ forces of the U.S. Navy by requiring nu­ ered ships With appropriate design, cost and NATIONAL SECRETARIES WEEK clear propulsion in new major combatant schedule information. vessels to take advantage of improved mili­ tary cha.racteristics accruing from the es­ [From the Copley News Service, Apr. 21, 1974J HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT sentially unlimited high speed endurance provided by nuclear propulsion NAVY WAITS FOB NUCLEAR POWER TO OF CALIFORNIA SURFACE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of (By L. Edgar Prina) Thursday, April 25, 1974 America in Congress assembled that: Nuclear propulsion for U.S. Navy surface Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, since It is the policy of the United States of warships may be an idea whose time has America to modernize the strike forces of come. this week is National Secretaries Week, the United States Navy by the construction While the submarine Nautilus first proved I think it is appropriate to take time to of nuclear powered major combatant vessels ships could steam on the atom 'way back in acknowledge the contributions that our and to provide for an adequate industrial 1955, there are only five nuclear-powered secretaries make to the smooth operation base for the research, development, design, surface ships in the fieet today. Only one of of the Congress. construction, operation, and· maintenance of them has been commissioned since 1967- The theme of National Secretaries such vessels. New constructi!>n major com­ the frigate California last February. Week this year is "Better Secretaries batant vessels for the strike forces of the Now, three recent developments could ac­ Mean Better Business." I think that is United States Navy authorized subsequent celerate the adoption of a long-range pro­ to the date this Act becomes law shall be gram for the construction of nuclear surface probably demonstrated here in the House nuclear powered, except as provided combatants. Involving money and personali­ as well as anywhere in the country. hereafter. ties, they are: Speaking for myself, I know that my SEc. 2. Definition: For the purposes of this The skyrocketing prices for petroleum office would probably grind to a halt in Act, the following definition shall apply: products. Navy distillate fuel costs have al­ short order-strangled by paper-if it "Major combatant vessel(s) for the strike most tripled in the last nine months. A bar­ were not for an efficient clerical statr. forces of the United States Navy" shall rel could be purchased for $5.54 last July~ With the volume of correspondence, mean: the price Aprtl 1 was $15.50. records, hearings, files, and other ac­ (a) Combatant submarines for strategic Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger's cumulations of paper that are at once and/or tactical missions; recently declared determination to look at (b) Com~atant vessels intenJed to operate lifetime systerm costs rather than at pro­ the bane and lifeblood of a Congress­ in combat in aircraft carrier task groups curement costs alone when making major man's job, it is a shortsighted person (i.e., aircraft carriers and the combatants weapons program decisions. indeed who will refer to a member of which accompany them): The promotion of Adm. James L. Holloway, his or any other staff as "only a secre­ (c) Those combatant vessels designed for III, to be the new Chief of Naval Operations tary." The tremendous administrative in:lependent combat Inissions where essen­ as of June 29. Regarded as a "true believer"' burdens generated in any modem, em­ tially unlimited high speed endurance will in nuclear propulsion, he will be the first cient office fall largely on its secretaries, be of significant military value; CNO to have commanded a nuclear-powered and I want to be sure that they know SEc. '3. The Department of Defense .shall ship, the aircraft carrier Enterprise, and the include in its annual Naval shipbuilding re­ first officer to have commanded a nuclear that their efforts are appreciated. I was quest the following minimum number of reminded of this important event as ship in combat (against the North Vietnam­ nuclear powered major combatant vessels, ese, 1965-67). follows: until such time as Congress determines that Although Admiral Hyman G. Rickover. the RU; an adequate force level exists in any specific Navy's renowned nuclear propulsion expert, Remtndre- category: This is Nationa al secretarys Week. To­ insists that one "misses the point" if he con­ (a) Tactical combatant submarines, 5 per centrates on cost rather than effectiveness morow 1z thursday. Yu have 1 xx more day year; in witch too show yur apreciasion to your (b) Strategic combatant submarines, 2 per comparisons, there is little doubt that the dedicatted, loyle, acurate, punctule. selfiis, year; higher initial price tag for nuclear surface and atractiv stafxf (c) Aircraft carriers, 1 per 3 years; and ships has been the principal factor lln the vary cinserelllllly! (d) Major combatants to accompany air­ slow pace of their ·construction. OWEN R. CHAFFEE, craft carriers, 2 per year; Today, higher operation and maintenance Asminstrativ Asistent. SEc. 4. The Secretary of Defense shall sub- costs for oil-fired ships, figured over their 30- April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF RE~IARKS 11971 year life span, seem to be near the point they be lower than would be the costs of opera­ THE SOVIET UNION AND THE SUEZ would cancel out their lower construction ting a nuclear conventional carrier." CANAL cost. Pentagon aides, who said the secretary be­ Asked by a House Armed Services subcom­ lieved the savings on fuel would cancel out mtttee last year to give a comparison of the the higher construction cost of a nuclear annual cost of fuel between a nuclear and carrier, admitted that the Office of Systems HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK conventional carrier, the Navy reply showed Analysis had no study to back him up. OF OHIO the latter was considerably more expensive. Despite its obvious military advantages, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Accordingly to the Navy, the estimated most Navy and defense officials restrain price for the nuclear fuel which would be their enthusiasm for nuclear propulsion be­ Thursday, April 25, 1974 initially installed in the attack carrier Carl cause of its higher initial costs. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, many Vinson (CVN-70) is about $90 million. The Americans are asking why the United fuel would last for "at least" 13 years of nor­ mal operation of the ship. States is involved in helping to reopen On the other hand, the Navy said that to the Suez Canal. While the benefits to the carry out the same missions, an oil-fired DALEY EXERCISES United States from such a reopening are carrier would consume about 11 million questionable, the gains for the Soviets barrels of fuel oil. Figuring a cost of $5.54 are quite definite. The Soviets will be a barrel (as of last July) for distillate fuel HON. EDWARD J. DER\VINSKI able to use the Suez to make their naval oil, $.25 per barrel storage costs and $7.73 OF ll.LINOIS presence more felt in the Persian Gulf per barrel for the average peacetilne costs for delivering oil to ships operating on the high IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the Indian Ocean. An editorial in the Mount Vernon, seas, the total tab would be $13.32 per barrel. Wednesday, April 24, 1974 Thus, for the 13 years operation, fuel Ohio News, suggests using our mine re­ would cost $11 million annually for an oil­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as a moval technology as a lever to insure fired carrier and $7 million for the nuclear Republican Congressman representing a demilitarization of the canal. I believe one. district in Cook County, Ill., I have my this idea deserves the attention of the The Navy went on to estimate that if the work cut out every year doing battle not administration. price of distillate oil climbed to $10 a barrel, the comparative annual costs would be: oil­ only with forces of the AFL-CIO but also At this point, I include in the RECORD fired carrier, $15 million; nuclear carrier, $7 the so-called Daley machine. Having the editorial "Naval Ban Needed When million. never had Mayor Richard J. Daley's sup­ Suez Reopens" from the Mount Vernon, But, of course, the Navy, as of April 1, was port or endorsement, I can attest to the Ohio News of Wednesday, April 24, 1974. paying $15.50 a barrel. If the cost remains strength of the Cook County Democratic I commend it to the attention of my at this level-and few are predicting any organization. collea!nles: lowering of prices-the comparative figures However, I have been intrigued as have NAVAL BAN NEEDED WHEN SUEZ REOPENS would be $20 million as against $7 million. many people across the country by the On a 30-year basis, it would cost $600 mil­ The enthusiasm with which the non­ lion for the purchase, storing and delivery strength of the mayor within the Demo­ Communist world is approaching the task of oil to a single carrier. The cost of the nu­ cratic Party especially as we look back at of reopening the Suez Canal turns the clock clear fuel, based on a price of $7 million a the 1972 Democratic National Conven­ back more than a century-to 1869 when year, would be $210 million or $390 million tion when he was subject to verbal abuse the newly opened waterway was being uni­ less than for the oil-fired ship. from the far-left elements of his party. versally hailed as "an idea whose time has Neither Adm. Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr., Chief come." Paralleling camel caravan routes, the Therefore, I was impressed by the edi­ canal cut some 4,000 miles from East-West of Naval operations, who is pushing for torial by WBBM Radio 78 in Chicago, on larger numbers of less costly warships, nor voyages and brought new economic life to Rlckover will say it is now less expensive April 8, which I believe to be a very each hemisphere. to build and operate a nuclear carrier for 30 proper complimentary commentary: Fade and dissolve. It now is April 24, 1974. years than to build and operate an oil-fired RADIO EDITORIAL-DALEY EXERCISES Warring Egyptian and Israeli forces have one for the same period. There was the chairman of the Democratic been separated and work to reopen the canal In fact, Rickover sticks with his state­ Party-Bob Strauss. Then there were those can begin. A team of U.S. Navy demolition ment of March 8 (written in February) when three esteemed men from the Senate-Scoop experts has surveyed how best to remove he discussed the lifetime comparative costs Jackson, Ted Kennedy and George McGovern. mines from the Suez and explosives from its of nuclear and conventional ships at the Even House Majority Leader Tip O'Neill got banks. The United States has pledged $10 San Diego Press Club. in the act. You see, they were all participat­ million to finance the task, and U.S. war- "The nuclear carrier increases the task ing in last Thursday night's NBC special on . ships are standing by to begin. group cost about 2 per cent," he said. "Each the future of the Democratic Party. But the And that is only part of the picture. Some nuclear escort increases the overall task most interesting man to take part in the 20 nations including Japan, the European group cost 1 per cent, so that four nuclear discussion was an elected official-not a. nations and the Soviet Union are eagerly escorts increase the task group cost 4 per member of Congress. Nor, for that matter, offering money and services to President cent. was he even a. big-time governor. He was just Sadat of Egypt. Industrialists and bankers "Therefore, the lifetime cost for a com­ our own Mayor-Richard J. Daley. from throughout the world are surveying plete nuclear task group consisting of a nu­ There he was-the man kicked out of the the shores of the Suez to plan businesses, clear carrier and its four nuclear escorts is 1972 Democratic Convention-telling it like industries and recreation areas on a scale 6 percent greater than that of a conven­ that can be considered ambitious, even by it was, is, and wm be. When asked, for in­ the standards of a 20th Century pharoah. tional carrier accompanied by four conven­ stance, what would be the key issues in the tional escorts." Even Israel is enthusiastic about the pros~ coming campaigns, he spoke not of Water­ pect of an open Suez Canal with major cities As noted above, Rickover believes too gate but of the cost of living, inflation, un­ much emphasis is placed on cost, partic­ and developments on its banks. employment and health. And when a film clip T.he West believes that Sadat is tilting to­ ularly when the differential is so small over showed him greeting Nixon on his recent the lifespan of the ships, and not enough ward it, away from the Soviet Union. It sees on effectiveness. Visit to Chicago, the Mayor said he repre­ economic benefits from shorter sea lanes and "We design our nuclear carriers With the sented all the people in the city-Democratic it believes that a heavy Egyptian investment capacity for almost twice as much aircraft and Republican-and it was his duty towel­ in the Suez region wm lessen Sadat's appe­ fuel and 50 per cent more aircraft ammuni­ come this President-any President-to Chi­ tite foX'" a war that could destroy it. tion than the latest conventional carrier," cago. What's more, he said he respected the There is, however, another side to the coin. he said. office of the Presidency. It is a fact that the Suez no longer is com­ "'A nuclear task force is at least 50 per All of which explains-maybe-why Daley peting against camel caravans. Apart from cent more effective than a conventional task has survived every political punch and re­ some economic advantages to Mediterranean force." mains today a leader of the Democratic Party and Indian Ocean ports, a Suez Canal ca­ Schlesinger, who agrees that the lifetime and co-author of its future. While we cer­ pable of handling 60,000-ton ships is, by and cost approach is the one to take, conceded tainly don't agree with everything he does­ large, insignificant to world commerce. Am­ that acquisition costs of nuclear ships were we do think the Mayor is believable. He says bitious plans for a $7 billion dredging pro­ far higher than for conventionally powered people are worried about high prices and you gram to permit the Suez to handle 250,000- ones. think he probably is too. He admits he's in ton ships are just that and no more. ..But the operation and maintenance costs, awe of the Presidency-and you know you Politically there are danger signals in pre­ and particularly the (nuclear) fuel costs, are are. He even talks like and lives like the senting Sadat the Suez on a dollar platter. now quite low," he said. "With the increase fellow next door. In other words, he's one He has given no assurances that the water­ in the price of fuel (oil), I suspect the cost of the people. way will be internationalized. Indeed, he has of operating a nuclear carrier over an ex­ No wonder he's represented them so long already said that Israeli :flag ships could not ten:led period of time, over its lifetime, will and so well. use it, and he gives every indication that 11972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2.5, 1974 he would u se the canal as a trump card to bined to provide excellent education for THE PROBLEM WITH LEGAL gain further concessions from Israel. all the people of the State. SERVICES The truth of the matter is that reopening The main activities to commemorate of the Suez would benefit only one major nation-the Soviet Union which would re­ the lOOth anniversary of founding of the ceive the precious gift of an ocean artery University of Nevada will be held on the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE from its ports in the Black Sea to the Indian Reno campus in the months ahead. A OF ILLINOIS Ocen.n where it is seeking to dominate the number of events are planned for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES riches of the East. late spmmer and for the academic year The least the United States should insist 1974-75. Thursday, April 25, 1974 upon, we believe, is that when the Suez is I view the centennial celebration as a Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in the name opened all warships should be prohibited of legal services for the poor, the Office of from using it. While this would not assure kick off of a great second hundred years. that the Suez will be an instrument of peace, Economic Opportunity has embarked and not imperalism, it would put a modest upon a program of subsidized political brake on Soviet aspirations. INCOME FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1973 agitation. Technologically the United States has a This point is made by one who has mp.j or key to the lock on the Suez through HON. ROY A. TAYLOR directed the program, Howard Phillips, its mine-removal knowhow. We should use former Acting Director of the Office of this as a lever to ensure demilitarization of OF NORTH CAROLINA Economic Opportunity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the waterway. Mr. Phillips notes that- Thursday, April 25, 1974 The present legal services activities . . . Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. are used to finance a nationwide network of CENTENNIAL OF UNIVERSITY OF Speaker, in line with procedure which I nearly 3,000 legal services attorneys, hun- . CoN­ dreds of organizations, and additional thou.­ NEVADA, RENO have followed in disclosing in the sands of support personnel who are almost GRESSIONAL RECORD the amounts and totally free to establish their own priorities sources of all income received by my wife for issues to receive attention and access to HON. DAVID TOWELL and me over and above my salary as a legal services resources. WitQ. nearly $80 mil­ OF NEVADA Member of Congress for each year I have lion in support annually from O.E.O. alone, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been in Congress up to and including the they work full-time, using the judicial sys­ tem to change public policy. Thursday, April 25, 1974 calendar year 1972, I am hereby making public such information for the calendar Recent or pending cases, for example, Mr. TOWELL of Nevada. Mr. Speaker, year 1973. include a Washington State suit in which observances are now being planned for The following is an itemized report of attorneys of the Prison Legal Services the forthcoming centennial of the Uni­ such income for 1973: versity of Nevada, Reno, and I would like project argued that their client, impris­ From a family-owned dairy far in oned on a marihuana charge, had been to take this opportunity to recall some Leicester Township of Buncombe subjected to cruel and unusual punish­ of the more significant steps in the his­ County, N.C------$389.45 ment and a Pennsylvania suit challeng­ tory of this great institution. I highly From dividends from a variety of ing the detention of a convicted felon ~ommend the following to the attention .stock and bonds (most.belong to accused of committing an· additional of my colleagues: -to me; some are owned by my crime whiie free o~ b~il. Tl;lere have, in' The University of Nevada officially wife) ------3, 994.40 opened its doors as a preparatory school From interest on purchase money addition, been suits in New York and real estate notes; savings depos­ Hawaii knocking 'ciown the requirement in· Elko on October 12, 1874. With this its; Swannanoa, N.C. Baptist that government employees be citizens kind of beginning the University of Ne­ Church ·bonds; etc ______.._ 599. 76 of the United States and a class action vada was typical of many small colleges From North Carolina Employees' demanding that an Iowa statute pro­ . that undertook the challenging tasks of Retirement Fund (based on serv- hibiting the civil service employment· of .higher education under adverse condi­ ice as Buncombe County attorney convicted felons to be set aside. tions. The earliest university efforts in . before coming to Congress)----- 1, 251.06 The legal services program, as it has Nevada were the products of a long Eu­ 6,234.67 been conducted, has served not to meet ropean tradition of university work, an the legitimate legal needs of poor people American collegiate tradition, and the The stocks and bonds were purchased but, instead, to stir up litigation for po­ Morrill Land Grant Act passed by the in western North Carolina at market litical purposes. Congress in 1862. value and most of them represent in­ Discussing the legal services bill cur­ In the century since 1874 the Univer­ vestments in North Carolina companies. rently being debated in the Senate, Col­ sity of Nevada has evolved from a one­ All of the income mentioned above comes umnist James J. Kilpatrick notes that- teacher, seven-student institution meet­ from property investments, and not from The bill is an abomination. It is a per­ ing in a small brick building into a mod­ the use of my time, all of which is de­ version of the whole concept of giving the ern "multiversity," serving more than voted to congressional responsibilities. poor person a chance at equal justice under 20,000 students. The university opera­ I am a lawyer by profession but have not the law ... The Senate bill erects no more tions on the Reno campus date from 1886. engaged in any practice since coming to than paper barricades against the activism The College of Agriculture, the College Congress in 1960. of super-legal eagles who would be free to of Engineering, and the Mackay School In addition to the foregoing informa­ pursue social reform behind a camou.:Iage of of Mines are direct descendants of ·the tion, I desire to ·divulge the amount of aid to the p~r . congressional efforts of the 1860's to Federal and North Carolina State income I wish to share with my colleagues the stimulate training in agriculture and the taxes paid by Mrs. Taylor and me during analysis by James J. Kilpatrick of the mechanic arts. The Colleges of Home each of the last 5 years as follows: current legal services legislation. It is my view that the entire question of a legal Economics, Nursing, and Health Sciences North are likewise products - among other Carolina services corporation itself should be care­ things-of Federal Government pro­ Federal State . fully ex~~ined, for if individ'1.1als are be­ grams to expand professional education. 1973 ------"$8,823.22 ·$1,928.80 ing tried in State courts for offenses The College of Arts and Science, Busi­ 1972 ------7,388.92 1,864.24 against State laws, the Federal interest ness Administration, and Education have 1971 ------7,789.28 1,907.34 in the entire proceeding remains ques­ all, from time to time, responded to chal­ 1970 ------9,694.67 2,021.64 tionable. Despite any differences I may lenges from the Federal level to enrich 1969 ------10,641.57 2,012.27 have with Mr. Kilpatrick on this aspect the educational offerings available to The decreased amount of taxes owed of the question, I share his views con­ young people. One of the two main cam­ for 1971, 1972, and 1973 resulted mainly cerning the problems with the current puses is located in Reno and has been an from an increase in charitable contribu­ legislation. Following is his column as it example of how Federal legislation, State tions to colleges, churches, and so forth, appeared in the Memphis Press-Scimi­ funding, and public support may be com- which for these 3 years totaled $16,253.04. tar of March 25, 1974: April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11973 LEGAL SERVICES FOR PooR VALID, BUT NoT while it doubtless would accomplish many mines the integrity of his office or of the THIS WAY good things, would constitute an invitation Constitution, or conducts himself in a man­ WASHINGTON .-It is a familiar rule of par­ to legal activists to come have a ball. This is ner which makes it grossiy unacceptable and liamentary procedure that a motion to re­ not the idea. It is not the idea at all. grossly incompatible for him to remain in consider can be made only by a member of office. the prevailing faction. Because I have long Impea-::hable conduct may be, but need not supported the concept of legal services for be, criminal conduct. The Constitution prc­ vides that, in addition to being impeached the poor, perhaps I am qualified to turn SPECIAL REPORT ON IMP~CHMENT against the bill soon to be reported from a FROM CONGRESSMAN DANIELSON and removed from office, the person who is conference committee. impeached may also be tried, convicted and By every indication, the compromise legal punished if his offense is a violation of the services bill will be fairly close to the Nelson­ criminal law. Of the 13 impeachments voted Javits bill approved by the Senate in Decem­ HON. DON EDWARDS by the House sin:e 1789, at least 10 included ber. The bill is an abomination. It is a per­ OF CALIFORNIA one or .more allegations that did not charge a violation of criminal law. version of the whole concept of giving the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES poor person a chance at equal justice under The fundamental nature of impeachment the law. If the Senate and House should Thursday, April 25, 1974 is different from that of criminal law. Tt>e nature · and purpose of impeachment is agree to this devious proposition, the Presi­ Mr. EDWARDS of Ca-lifornia. Mr. dent will have to be asked to use his veto remedial-that is, it is to remove from office Speaker, I am privileged to serve on the a pers::m wh-ose conduct is such that it power. In supporting a legal services a.ct, I have Committee on the Judiciary with the dis­ undermines the integrity of that office or been guided by certain principles and obser­ tinguished gentleman from California of the Constitution. The nature and purpose vations that seem to me almost beyond dis­ (Mr. DANIELSON) and I can certify that of criminal law is to punish a wrongdoer who pute. The first is that the concept of equal his contributions to the work of that violates a specific law. justice under law is among the greatest committee are important and highly re­ HAVE ANY FEDERAL OFFICIALS EVER BEEN ideals of our political system. The second is spected by the other 37 members. IMPEACHED? that our nation has served that concept poor­ Congressman DANIELSON has recentlY So far as I have been able to ascertain, in ly; Despite impressive improvements in re­ published a "Special Report on Impeach­ the nearly 200 ye3.rs of our existence as a cent years, we still have two syst~ms of law­ Nation, the House of Representatives has one for the rich, another for the poor. ment" for the benefit of his constituents. conducted impeachment inquiries in sixty­ A system of federally subsidized legal aid !his r~markable document, Mr. Speaker, nine (69) cases, before the pre::ent one. Out should have but one purpose, and that is to 1s so well prepared and so properly de­ of tbat number of inquiries only thirteen redress the imbalance. The poor family that scribes the historic work being done by ( 13) impeachments have been voted by the has been bilked into a usurious installment the Judiciary Committee that I am in­ Hou3e, including the impeachment of Presi­ contract should not be helpless at the hands cluding it in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD dent Andrew Johnson in 1868. In two in­ of a well-heeled merchant. The poor person at this point so that all of the Members stances, the impeached officer resigned prior wrongly evicted from his home should have can have the benefit of this valuable re­ to trial and the matter was not pursued some aid in standing up to the slumlord. The further. Of the eleven impeachments which ignorant or illiterate citizen, struggling with port: were tried in the Senate, four resulted in the complexities of a highly regulated society, SPECIAL REPORT ON IMPEACHMENT FROM convictions. All four of these convictions oftell needs legal advice that he cannot CONGRESSMAN DANIELSON we·re of Federal judges. . afford. CALIFORNIANS ON THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE The 13 officials impeached were made up of A revitalized program of federal legal aid On the 38-member House Judiciary Com­ the following: ought to have these aims in mind, and mittee, which is conducting the impeach­ One President-Andrew Johnson (1868)­ th~se aims only. Because the possibilities for ment inquiry, there are 21 Democrats and Acquitted; 0 · e United States Se'1ator-Blount abuse are quite real, a new Legal Services 17 Republicans. Only 21 of the 50 States Corporation should be bound down by chains ( 1797) -Expelled from Senate before trial; have Representatives on that Committee. One Cabinet Officer-Secretary of War of law. At the very minimum, the corpora­ Most of the 21 States have only one Repre­ tion should be federally chartered for a lim­ sentative on the Committee, but New Jersey Belknap (1876)- Acquitted; ited term of no more than five years, at Ten Federal Judges (1803 to 1936)-2 has 3, New York has 4 and California has resigned before trial, 4 convicted, and 4 which time Congress could review the entire the largest representation with 5. Of the five, acquitted. operation. two are from Northern California, Democrats The Senate bill that now prevails is a far Jerome Waldie and Don Edwards. The other WHAT DOES THE CONSTITUTION SAY ABOUT cey from the administration's recommenda­ three are from our immediate area, Repub­ IMPEACHMENT? tion. It bears no resemblance to a House­ licans Carols Moorhead of Glendale, and Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution approved version that ):us some faults, but provides that, "The President, Vice Presi­ has many virtues also. The Senate bill erects Charles Wiggins of Orange County; and I, your Congressman, am the only Southern dent, and all civil Officers of the United no more than paper barricades against the States, shall be removed from Office on Im­ activism of super-liberal legal eagles who California Democrat serving on the Judiciary Committee. peachment for. and Conviction of, Treason, would be free to pursue social reform behind Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misde­ a camouflage of aid to the poor. As a Member of the House Committee on the Judiciary, I have received thousands of meanors." The~Se mischievous provisions are not im­ Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution mediately apparent. On the surfa-ce, the Sen­ communications from constituents, and from other people throughout our Nation, giving states that, "The House of Representa­ ate version seems unalarming. It is only tives ... shall have the sole Power of Im­ when the bill is examined line by line, as me their opinions and asking questions con­ cerning the inquiry which the Judiciary peachment." Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina has Arid, Article I, Section 3 of the Constitu­ examined it, that the shortcomings emerge. Committee is now conducting as to whether or not President Nixon should be impeached. tion describes the Senate's role: Two examples may suffice to indicate the The Senate shall have the sole Power to slippery business here afoot. The Senate bill Many have asked questions as to how the impeachment procedure works, and it is ap­ try all Impeachments. When sitting for that contains a provision that could make avail­ purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. able to legal aid attorneys "particular sup­ parent from the majority of the letters that the subject of impeachment is n:ot well un­ When the President of the United States is port functions of the federal government, tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And such as the General Services Administration, derstood. I hope you will find this Special Report no Person shall be convicted without the the federal telecommunications system and Conc~ex:tce of two thirds of the Members other facilities." Helms calls this a "mind­ on Impeachment both informative and in­ teresting, and that it will answer any ques· present. · boggling blank check," and it is. This loosely Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall drawn authorization could equip the activist tions which you may have on the subject. not · extend further than to removal from attorneys with everything from office sup­ IMPEACHMENT-ITS HISTORY, ITS PURPOSE Office, and disqualification to hold and en­ plies to free long distance telephone service, Impeachment is a very important but joy any Office of Honor, Trust or Profit under all at the taxpayers' expense. seldom-used Constitutional proceeding. It the United States: but the Party convicted For a second example: The House version was pbced in the United States Constitution shall nevertheless be liable and subject to wisely prohibits the proposed Legal Services by the Founding Fathers, who adopted it Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punish­ Corporation from using private funds for from the English law and constitution, where ment, according to Law. purposes for which public funds could not it had been in use for more than 400 years, Other provisions of the Constitution deny be spent. The Senate version ominousiy·om1ts since the year 1376. The purpose of the im­ the President the power to grant reprieveB this · safeguard. peachment process is to provide a procedure and pardons in cases of impeachment (Ar­ The concept of equal justice remains valid. by which a public o1Iicial can be removed ticle II, Section 2), and deny the right to But the disappointing and deceptive blll that from omce when he violates his oath of trial by jury 1n cases of impeachment (Ar­ now heads back toward the Senate floor, office, abuses the powers of his office, under- ticle III, Section 2). 11974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974

WHAT DOES THE CONSTITUTION . MEAN DY to impeachment has resigned, the proceed­ decision. No one can do more, and no one IMPEACHMENT? ings have been ended. If the President should has a right to do less. The American people Impeachment does not automatically re­ resign, it would still be constitutionally pos­ are entitled to ask that much, and the Amer­ Inove an official from office. Impeachment is sible to impeach and try him, but it is un­ ican people should not accept less. only an accusation. It is a process by which likely that this would be done since the main the House of Representatives charges the purpose of impeachment, removal from of­ President, Vice President, or civil officers of fice, would have already been accomplished. the United States with misconduct. The 'WHAT KIND OF INVESTIGATION IS THE JUDICIARY UNICEF TO AID VIETNAM REDS charge of misconduct is made by a majority COMMITTEE CONDUCTI'NG? vote of the House. If the House does not Numerous and serious allegations have think that grounds for impeachment exist, been made against President Nixon and have it will not vote to impeach. If, however, a HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK .. impaired his capacity to lead the nation and OF OHIO majority of the House believes that there are to conduct the important functions of the such grounds, it will vote for impeachment. Executive branch of the Federal government. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A vote to impeach is followed by a trial in the It is the duty of the Judiciary Committee Thursday, April 25, 1974 Senate. to examine each and every one of those al­ After the trial, if two-thirds of the Mem­ legations and to determine whether they Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in the bers present in the Senate vote to convict, should be dropped or pursued further. Only October 4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- the officer is removed from office and may be in this way can doubts be resolved and the 33097-I warned that UNICEF, a United disqualified from holding any other office in air of suspicion cleared. Only in this way can Nations agency heavily dependent on the Government. Conviction by the Senate, the American people be fully informed as to American financial contributions, was however, does not bar subsequent indict­ the truth, and only in this way can con­ ment, trial, or judgment of the convicted fidence be restored in the office of the Presi­ considering giving aid to both North officer in a court of law. dency and the soundness of the American Vietnam and Communist-controlled WHAT IF THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE DOES NOT system of government. areas in South Vietnam. Unfortunately RECOMMEND THAT THE PRESIDENT BE IM­ In the course of its inquiry, the Judiciary this has now come to pass. PEACHED? Committee has been investigating the fol­ According to the New York Times, on At the conclusion of its inquiry, the Com­ lowing charges, among others: April 16 UNICEF announced plans to aid mittee on the Judiciary will report to the Violation of individual rights by illegal North Vietnam and areas held by the House of Representatives such resolutions, wiretaps, breaking and entering, and Inter· Vietcong in South Vietnam. The 3-year articles of impeachment, or other recommen­ nal Revenue Service harassment; program calls for $18 million to be spent dations as it deems proper. It is the preroga­ Burglary; Conspiracy to obstruct justice; in the north and $4.5 million in the tive of the House to accept or reject any rec­ south. ommendation made to it by one of its com­ Obstruction of justice; mittees. If the committee does not recom­ Destruction of evidence; Here we have the Vietcong about to mend impeachment, the House still can im­ Perjury; receive $4.5 million, the same Vietcong peach by majority vote. Subornation (procuring to perjury); who are bombing, shelling, and terroriz­ Illegal campaign sabotage; ing innocent civilians in South Vietnam. WHAT HAPPENS IF THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE Possible bribery in cases where campaign RECOMMENDS THAT THE PRESIDENT BE IM­ contributions may be linked to favorable I :find it odd that UNICEF has decided to PEACHED? government decisions; reward the Communists in Vietnam for If the Judiciary Comm.ittee submits arti­ The President's personal finances and in· starting a war that is still going on. cles of impeachment against the President, come tax returns. Since well over one-third of the total the House of Representatives will debate the During the process of gathering evidence, revenue received by UNICEF comes from question on the floor of the House. Under the the Judiciary Committee has been delayed the United States, I am unalterably op­ rules governing the order of business in the in its work by the unwillingness of the posed to UNICEF's proposed contribu­ House, a direct proposition to impeach is a White House to supply certain evidence. tions. These contributions can only matter of high privilege and supersedes Nevertheless, despite those . time-consuming strengthen Hanoi's position in North other business. At the end of the debate, each delays, the inquiry has continued and it is Member of the House will have the oppor­ expected that the formal presentation of Vietnam and in the territory it now oc­ tunity to vote either for or against impeach­ evidence will commence during the first week cupies in South Vietnam. Why should the ment. in May. United States be donating such large IF THE HOUSE VOTES FOR IMPEACHMENT, WHAT In the final analysis, the current impeach­ sums of money to an organization that HAPPENS NEXT? ment inquiry is a demonstration to the world is working against our own best inter­ If a majority of the Members votfng favor of the strength of our Constitutional sys­ ests? Isn't it time that we stopped aid- impeachment of the President, a committee tem of self-government. Our nation is test­ ing our enemies? · of Members is selected by the Speaker of the ing itse~f in an inqu~ry by one co-equal Following is the text of the New York House to inform the Senate of the House's branch of government into serious charges Times article: against another branch, as is provided for vote. A delegation of Representatives from UNICEF PLANS Am TO VIETNAM REDS the House, known as "Managers", prosecutes in our Constitution. Our great nation with the case before the Senate. The Chief Justice its precious freedoms will be stronger, not UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., April 16.-The of the United States Supreme Court presides weaker, as a result of the impeachment United Nations Children's Fund announced over the trial. The actual conduct of the proceedings currently being conducted in plans today for aid to North Vietnam and trial is governed by the Senate's rules of pro­ Congress. to areas held by the Vietcong in the South. cedures for impeachment trials. WHAT IS THE ATTrrUDE OF MEMBERS OF CON• The 3-year program was described in a GRESS TOWARDS THE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY? report by Henry Labouisse, the fund's direc­ WHAT HAPPENS TO THE PRESIDENT IF THE HOUSE tor, who called for $18-mlllion to be spent IMPEACHES HIM? Many Americans believe that the House in the North to help rebuild destroyed Impeachment is only a charge of miscon- of Representatives should dispense with any schools and $4.5-million to be spent in the . duct. Only if the President were convicted of further inquiry, and impeach the President South. · the charges by the Senate, would he be re­ immediately. Others believe that the in­ Mr. Labouisse has asked the agency's 30- moved from office. But up until the time he quiry should be dropped entirely, no matter member board for $8-million for the pro­ is actually convicted by the Senate, he re­ what the evidence may eventually show. gram. The balance will come largely from mains the Chief Executive of our Govern­ The duty imposed upon the House of Repre­ special contributions by governments. More ment, charged with seeing to it that the laws sentatives by the Constitution will not per­ than $12-million already has been given by are faithfully executed. If convicted, the mit either of those options. It is the clear European countries, Japan, Australia, New President would immediately be removed constitutional duty of the House of Repre­ Zealand and Algeria. from office and the Vice President would sentatives to inquire fully, and thoroughly, Initial approaches to North Vietnam were take his place. There is no appeal. If he is and fairly into all allegations of misconduct made through the North Vietnamese Red not convicted, by a two-thirds vote, the which have been lodged against President Cross and were followed by visits by fund Nixon. representatives to consult members of the President would be acquitted, and would The ultimate vote for or against impeach­ remain in office. Government on working out a program. ment will probably be the most awesome re­ The North Vietnamese authorities have WHAT HAPPENS IF THE PRESIDENT RESIGNS? sponsibility that any Member of Congress agreed to permit more frequent visits by Many people have called for the President's will ever be called upon to meet. In dis­ fund representatives and are considering the resignation. Since last October I have pre­ charging that constitutional responsibiltiy possibility of a small field-office in Hanoi, dicted that the President may very likely re­ each Member of Congress must be guided by Mr. Labouisse reported. sign. Would there be impeachment after he the evidence, the Constitution, and his own Arrangements for aid to the Vietcong­ resigned? Probably not. conscience. You have my assurance that controlled areas have been moving ahead, In our history, whenever a person subject this is precisely how I will reach my own but Mr. Labouisse's report suggested that April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11975 :(lnal plans would have to be worked out be­ nomically high and there's no relief in sight," of Colorado Medical School, treated 300 tween the agency and Vietcong authorities. Meany said. children under the age of six who live Vietcong officials were said to be ready He said that in the last three months, in the migrant fiow area between Texas to meet with relief officials at Loc Ninh, a wholesale prices have zoomed at what would and Colorado. His report included find­ city north of Saigon that is a headquarters be an annual rate of 32.3 percent if they con­ for the Vietcong government. The Saigon tinued on this course. ings that 54 of the children were severely authorities would have to agree to cooperate And the Executive Council of the AFL-CIO retarded in height, 159 lacked sufficient in permitting staff and supplies to be moved. Maritime Trades Department, meeting in sight-giving vitamin A, 28 suffered pro­ Miami Beach, yesterday urged Congress to tein malnutrition, 49 had enlarged livers, reassert its 1946 goal of achieving "full em­ 29 had eye diseases suggestive of tra­ ployment" in the nation, with no more than choma, and 7 suffered from kwashior­ 2.5 percent of the work force out of work. THE CASE FOR A FEDERAL OIL AND Last month the jobless rate was 5.2 percent, kor-starvation. The parents of these GAS CORPORATION-NO. 22 union officials noted. chilC.ren work from dawn until dusk, yet do not earn enough to provide adequate food and medical care for their families. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Wages received by migrant workers OF MASSACHUSETTS THE PLIGHT OF MIGRANT are the lowest of the "working poor"­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WORKERS far less than the minimum wage for in­ Thursday, April 25; 1974 dustrial workers-and the upredicta­ bility of work due to weather, crop, and Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, the HON. OGDEN R. REID soil conditions further cuts into their United Auto Workers Union has called OF NEW YORK earning power. In addition, migrant for the creation of a Federal Oil and Gas IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES workers are largely excluded from work­ .Corporation as part of a comprehensive Thursday, April 25, 1974 men's compensation coverage, thus pre­ energy program for the Nation. Mr. cluding compensation for an injury or Leonard Woodcock, president of the Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, I wish to call illness received on the job. Considering UAW, in a statement issued on February to the attention of my colleagues the the increased mechanization of agricul­ 15, charged that "the public welfare is plight· of one of the most vital yet ex­ ture, increased use of chemical herbi­ ·being completely ignored" in energy mat­ ploited labor forces of our Nation-the cides and pesticides, and the fact that ters and stated that a publicly owned migrant worker. agriculture has become the third most corporation is necessary to break the ma­ Migrant workers have been relegated hazardous industry in the United States, jor oil companies' stranglehold on our to a subservient role, they are victims with a fatality rate exceeded only by Nation's energy resources. The an­ of every illness of our society-poverty, mining and construction work, this in my nouncement of the UA W's endorsement hunger, disease, prejudice, discrimina­ view, is unconscionable. of the corporation recently appeared in tion, and exploitation, yet Congress and The problems of the migrant workers the Washington Star-News and is illus­ State legislatures throughout our coun­ may be overwhelming, but we must not trative of the widespread support for a try continue to ignore their vital needs. consider them insurmountable. The time public oil corporation. Consider for a moment how the energy has passed for promises, our task is to I would like to insert the Star-News crisis affects the migrant workers. En­ provide, not later, but now: minimum article into the RECORD at this time for tirely dependent upon transportation wage and guidelines for promotion; the information of my colleagues: while following the ripening crops which fringe benefits such as holidays and PUBLIC OIL AGENCY PROPOSED BY UAW provide their work, the migrants are paid vacations; protections against dis­ The United Auto Workers Union has pro­ doubly burdened by the high fuel costs crimination in hiring, housing and posed a comprehensive energy program, even and fuel shortages. As they travel to se­ wages paid; medical, dental, welfare and as U.S. automakers were announcing new lay­ cure work, they must pay outrageous fuel pension benefits; protection of enforced offs affecting nearly 70,000 hourly workers. prices which cut deeply into their meager The UAW proposal asks formation of an wages. , Many migrant families, fearing safety and equipment standards over . authority that would compete with the.large pesticides used; and service centers es­ oil companies in exploration and production they will be stranded without fuel or tablished to aid migrant workers with of oil and a suggestion that oil producing money to pay for it, are refusing to leave social and legal problems they encounter. countries buy out the reserves and facllities their homes this spring, as is proven by To ignore these tasks is to ignore one owned by U.S. oil companies. a U.S. Department of Labor manpower of the most deplorable situations existing UAW President Leonard Woodcock, with project survey in south Texas which in­ more than 100,000 of his UAW members al­ dicates that the fuel shortage may keep ·in this country. ready cut indefinitely from auto payrolls, said 63 percent of the migrant farmworkers yesterday that "the public welfare is being from traveling north this season to har­ completely ignored." "Democratic societies cannot tolerate a sit­ vest crops. COST OF AUTOMOBILE OPERATION uation in which a few powerful corporations Despite the severity of the fuel crisis, maintain a stranglehold on the very lifeblood this may be the least of their problems. of half the world," he said. "That strangle­ Fuel prices are only the most recent HON. ROBERT 0. TIERNAN hold must be broken." difficulty to be added to the long list of OF RHODE ISLAND Woodcock said in Detroit that he would hardships which migrant workers, men, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES actively promote the 37-page report in Wash­ women, and children, chronically en­ ington. dure. Thursday, April 25, 1974 It also calls for nationalization of railroads, Mr. TIERNAN. Mr. Speaker, today I Umitations on corporation monopolies-in­ Health conditions continue to be a cluding the auto industry-and controls to distressing illustration of the deplorable am introducing a resolution requesting restrict access to energy reserves by private living conditions migrant workers must ·the Internal Revenue Service to reevalu­ ~rms. which develop such reserves for profit. face. Flies, pesticides, lack of nourishing ate the figure that is presently allowed as Ford Motor Co. said yesterday that nearly food, absence of sanitary facilities, a deduction for the business use of an 16,000 workers face temporary layoffs of one wretched housing, overcrowding, and automobile. and two weeks and another 1,800 would be the forced life style of migration make Presently, the IRS allows a 12 cents idled indefinitely in the next three weeks be­ per mile deduction. This figure is based cause of the slump in big car sales. migrants susceptible to all kinds of On Thursday, General Motors announced physical and emotional afflictions. The on a 1970 study of the cost of operating it was laying off 50,000 workers over the next mortality rate for instance, from tuber­ an automobile. Since this study, the price three weeks, also because big car sales are culosis, influenza, pneumonia, and other of an automobile has increased; the cost ·down. Chrysler Corp. will close a plant next infectious diseases, is more than twice of maintenance, accessories, parts, and .week, idling 4,800 workers. the national average . tires have risen substantially. But more. · AFL-CIO President George Meany, mean­ Migrant children, due to the lack of recently we have seen a dramatic rise in while, said in Miami that the 3.5 percent rise nutritious foods and adequate medical the price of gasoline and oil. The 12 in wholesale prices in January demonstrates "the ·complete bankruptcy of the adminis­ care, often suffer from such poor health cents per mile figure is no longer a real­ tration's so-called price controls program." during their infant years, that despite istic measure of the cost of operating an ."The .. price tags on food and fuel-basic subsequent care, the damage is irrever­ automobile. By using this outdated fig­ costs or every American family-are astro- sible. Dr. Peter Chase of the University ure, a taxpayer who makes extensive 11976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974 use of his automobile for work purposes, into a priced production program. Finally, each system that we are able to buy. Budgets will be paying approximately $100 extra it allows the maximum degree of initiative· may fluctuate slightly, but there has been in Federal income taxes. on the part of the contractor. I believe pro­ a downward trend in number of aircraft pro­ totyping 1s important both from the point cured. As an example, our new buy of 110 The resolution I am introducing asks of view of advancing technology as well as aircraft in this budget is the lowest since the IRS to use more current cost esti­ holding down procurement costs. Of course, before World War II. However, I might add mates. The rises in the cost of operating holding down costs is an objective we all that we will soon be building the B-1, F-15, an automobile are seriously affecting the favor, and I can assure you that it is taken and the A-10. Thus, the total aircraft buy is budget of many workers who depend very seriously by both DoD and members bound to go up somewhat and reverse this heavily on their car for business pur­ of Congress. trend. poses. These increased business expenses On Monday and Tuesday I testified before Still the only apparent solution is to find should be reflected in the individual's the House Appropriations Committee and ways of making the acquisition process more this :fourth appearance before a Congres­ eftlcient. This can only be done in conjunc­ income tax return. A more current and sional committee completes formal presenta­ tion with you members of the industry. We realistic figure will more adequately re­ tion of the Air Force FY 75 budget request. in government must do our part in lmprov- :: :fiect the current costs of operating an I believe that it and the total DoD budget ing systems acquisition management, but in­ automobile. are prudent and take into consideration the dustry must also become more eftlcient and present capability of our adversaries as well produce more for the limited resources that as increases in defense research and devel­ we have. opment, especially in the Soviet Union. It One area of possible contractor improve­ SECRETARY OF THE Am FORCE is in this context that we justified further ment, which General Brown suggested in a modernization of our Air Force weapons as speech 1n September of last year, was that JOHN L. McLUCAS ADDRESSES well as the need to maintain a ready, high of reducing overhead. For example, prime and 31ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT quality, all-volunteer force. subcontractor overhead combined make up BUSINESS PROCUREMENT CON­ I know that many American citizens are almost two-thirds of all contractor costs. 1 FERENCE concerned about the level of defense spend­ understand that small business has been able ing, but I believe it is necessary to point to cope with the problem of overhead com­ out that in view of the demands we must paratively successfully. Another important HON. CHARLES H. WILSON meet this Is still a cost conscious budget. area of contractor performance which the Air Force feels could be imp:roved is that of OF CALIFORNIA Although DoD is now requesting 85.8 bil­ lion dollars, in terms of constant dollars this. subcontractor management. E:trective action IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES really represents only a halt in the decline with respect to overhead and subcontractor Thursday, April 25, 1974 of defense funds that has occurred since management would contribute greatly toward the peak war year of 1968. reducing overall procurement expenditures Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali­ Another way of pl•acing today's defense and we intend to make a major e:trort to fornia. Mr. Speaker, on April 4, I was expenditure in perspective 1s to use the achieve this goal. privileged to host a Federal procurement Gross National Product as a baseline. In I would like to tum next to what we in and foreign trade conference in my 31st 1973, defense spending accounted for 6.(}% government can do toward better conserva­ Congressional District to help persons of the GNP. The 1974 estimate is 5.9%. Ten tion of procurement resources. First we must years ago it was over 8.3%. In World War II buy only what we need at the lowest overall who operate small businesses to obtain it was over 40%. It 1s certainly true that our cost. One application of this maxim which contracts from the Federal Government. GNP has dramatically increased through the we are now working on is the Design to Cost Dr. John L. McLucas, Secretary of the years. However, the declining percentage al­ philosophy of acquiring major weapon sys­ Air Force, graciously accepted my invi­ located to defense coupled with the erosion tems. Although the concept is not novel, it tation to address this conference, and his from inflation has cut our real defense pur­ has been employed on a number of recent remarks were so topical and instructive chasing power. Defense spending, no matter developments, including the lightweight that all who &ttended profited from his which yardstick you choose to use, a.s a per fighter. The present emphasis upon design observations. cent of federal budget or per cent of GNP, to cost is basically a change in our way of is at its lowest point in real buying power life in acquiring hardware which 1s more re­ Before becoming Secretary of the Air since before the Korean conflict. sponsive to tighter budgets. Force in July of 1973, Dr. McLucas had With the end of our combat involvement Simply stated, this means that we estab­ an outstanding career in both govern­ in Southeast Asia, we were able to concen­ lish a production unit price goal during the ment and business. And, because of his trate upon our peacetime goals. But in seek-:o development phase of a weapon system and experience as president and founder of 1ng them we have and must maintain our require contractors to perform design and a number of businesses, Secretary Mc­ strength and combat capabllity. We must performance trade-offs to achieve that unit Lucas is keenly aware of the difficulties also sustain a vigorous R&D program to as­ production price. In short, we tell industry confronting small businesses in estab­ sure our readiness over the long haul. And what we can afford and industry tells us the this means well trained and highly motivated best they can build, taking into account lishing contracts with the Federal Gov­ men and women who are highly professional trade-offs between cost, performance, and ernment. and who have a. real sense of integrity. schedule. If the resulting design meets our Sharing with me the opinion that such A key link between this professional force requirements, we then buy the article that procurement conferences for the busi­ and the equipment they operate is effective gives us the best technical approach and is ness community are extremely valuable, management of the procurement process. And closest to that cost goal. Comparison is also Secretary McLucas took time from a I would emphasize that achieving greater envisioned among competing systems as well eftlclency in procurement 1s far more criti­ as within the existing system. I would cau­ busy 2 -day speaking schedule to address tion, however, that design to cost is no pana­ this 31st District conference. And, be­ cal tOday as a result of the downward trend cea, and must be selectively applied. cause his address on this occasion was in military funding that I have just de­ scribed. In fact, the only solution within Another related concept receiving more so relevant to the important economic emphasis is Life Cycle Costing. This is a question of how to increase small busi­ our control is through better management technique that gives proper consideration which will allow us to stretch the funds to future logistics costs. We have to insure nesses' participation in Government con­ available to us over the number of modern tracting, I would like to share his re­ that what we buy can be supported eco­ weapons that we can buy without any deg­ nomically. The real cost of a weapons system marks with my colleagues: radation in necessary quality. includes more than the acquisition price. REMARKS OF SECRETARY MCLUCAS As you are well aware, the procurement We are all familiar in our own lives with Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very glad to process has come under increasing scrutiny instances where we have spent more on the be here. And I welcome this opportunity to from Congress and the public. This concern initial purchase of an item, a watch, a tele­ speak to you today. I know that Congress­ about how and for what purpose our hard­ vision set, or even an automobile for exam­ man Wilson, as well as the procurement ware funds are spent is part of the demo­ ple, because we could expect lower mainte­ people from Washington, have gone to a cratic process and we welcome constructive nance and operational costs in the future. great deal of effort to insure that this meet­ criticism of this key management function. In the final analysis, it is a balancing of ac­ ing is a success. Purchased goods and services consume a sig­ quisition cost, life cycle costs, and perform­ Another purpose for my being in the Los nificant portion of defense resources, ac­ ance requirements, that should determine Angeles area. today was to participate in the counting for 43 % of the total Air Force budg­ the design of a system. These parameters, rollout ceremonies of Northr.op's new light­ et in FY 74. However, the amount available as well as the need to reduce overhead costs, weight fighter prototype-the YF-17. We be­ for spending on weapons systems has de­ directly affect. the ·Air Force's relationships that this program will further demonstrate clined substantially in the last six years­ with its prime contractors; however, you as the usefulness of the prototyping concept, from 40% in FY 69 to about 30% in FY 75. subcontractors will also find yourselves in and will also allow us to check the possi­ The net effect of this trend on the procure­ an increasingly cost-conscious environment. blity of innovative ideas which are too ad­ ment account 1s to limit the number of Also very important, we need competition . vanced or too unknown to be incorporated weapon systems and the number of units of to buy at the lowest sound price. We need April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11977 the better ideas and ways of doing things counselors and procurement experts will re­ prcductive citizens out of the disabled. How­ that competition forces on us. That is why it main here until you get the answers you ever, many barriers are being overlooked, makes sense to protect, aid, counsel, and as­ need. I hope that we can be of further as­ particularly for the physically disabled. Be­ sist small businesses in doing work for us. sistance to you and I hope that you can help fore we can expect many of our less for­ Without small business there would be very us in the future. You have my best wishes tunate to adjust t o the job world, we must limited compet ition-and that includes the for a successful conference. strive to alleviate any obstacles. competition of ideas. We need your ingenuity Thank you. In t alking with Mr. Walter Williams of and inventiveness, as well as your unique and t he Department of Vocational Rehabilitation, specialized approaches to difficult technical I discovered one community problem that problems. Our industrial base and the na­ needlessly exists. Though generally optimistic t ional defense could not be what they are COMMUNITY CHALLENGE: BAR­ about the employment horizon of the handi­ today nor could it meet future tasks without capped, he deplored the fact that many pub­ you people in small business and large busi­ RIERS TO THE HANDICAPPED lic facllities are inaccessible to those con­ ness working together, in partnership with fined to wheelchairs. Water fountains, pub­ the government. lic r estrooms, phone booths, and other con­ Another thing we need in order to buy HON. JACK BRINKLEY ven iences are taken for granted by most of wisely is sound policy and procedure. In OF GEORGIA us; but what frustration they can invoke t his regard some legislative changes would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from a han dicapped person! be helpful in making the procurement proc­ Thursday, April 25, 1974 Consider the following and it s implica­ ess more efficient. For example, all of us t ions. Last year, the Americus Jaycees began would benefit if the dollar limit on small Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I was the construction of ramps in town to in­ purchases were raised from $2,500 to $10,000. delighted to learn from Mr. Harold Rus­ crease the mobility of those confined to As an additional step, while reviewing our sell, Chairman of the President's Com­ wheelchairs. Now certain individuals have policies and procedures for the purpose of cited the ~eed for specially marked park­ improving efficiency, we can achieve a mittee on Employment of the Handi­ ing places for those who need access to the sharper separation of what is policy and what capped, that one of my constituents­ ramps. Otherwise, they must alight from is essentially the "nuts and bolts" of pro­ Miss Pamela Sue Davis of Americus, their cars and then maneuver their chairs curement. Ga.-has won second place in the na­ through the streets to reach a ramp. Though Even more important for reducing procure­ tional "Ability Counts" writing contest the need has been esta.blished, nothing has ment costs, the real challenge is getting and sponsored by the Committee. yet been done. Why? keeping good people. The Air Force today In advising me of the selection, Mr. This question continually arises when one has a total procurement work force of ap­ Russell noted that Pamela and the four studies the ways in which environmental proximately 7,400 people: 4,600 civilians, conditions could be improved for the handi­ 1,400 enlisted men, and 1,400 officers. This is other top national winners, plus the 39 capped but are, instead, allowed to remain the basic resource with which we must, each State winners, all high school juniors as they are. Why are our modern conven­ year, carefully execute over three million and seniors, will be guests of honor of iences completely useless for a portion of our procurement actions through which flows the AFL-CIO and the Disabled Ameri­ citizenry? Why must many people remain that 43% of the entire Air Foree budget I can Veterans at the annual meeting of outside the mainstream of life? mentioned earlier. The responsibility of the President's Committee to be held I feel that the public has been lulled into simultaneously supporting the Air Force mis­ here in Washington during May 1-3. a sense of apathy. In our town and in every sion and safeguarding the taxpayers' dollars Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the Third town, apathy is present to some extent. lt is exceeding complex, requiring a very high is the product of an overly mechanized, com­ degree of professionalism and integrity. District of Ge-.~rgia, which I am privileg­ placent society. Many other reasons are more Thus we must have people who under­ ed to represent, I would like to take this openly professed. Mr. Williams is aware of stand this process and the great variety of opportunity to express our deep pride this when he admits, "Money is a problem laws and administrative regulations upon and offer our highest congratulations to here." It is not the lack of funds so much which it is based--and who are action Pamela on this outstanding achieve­ as it is the inability of concerned groups to oriented. We need procurement professionals ment. receive a share of it for their efforts-another who know their product, its market and the At this time, Mr. Speaker, I would also symptom of apathy, really. Funds can be requirement in order to use the procurement found for any worthwhile eandeavor. It is a process to develop a sound businesslike ap­ like to commend to the attention of our matter of establishing priorities. A budget proach for acquiring what we need. Material colleagues Pamela's award winning re­ can include funds for the disabled; yet the shortages and increasingly longer lead times port, entitled "Community Challenge: budget often finds itself a scapegoat for a make it even more essential that we develop Barriers to the Handicapped." multitude of unanswered requests. Excuses a sound business concept which considers Her report reads: are not enough. the highest achievable technology within C O MMUNITY CHALLENGE: BARRIERS TO THE Adequate public facilities are but a small the constraints of good business manage­ HANDICAPPED part of a truly compassionate community. ment oonsiderations. From surveying the situation and discuss­ The Sixties saw a continued pushing of (By Pamela Sue Davis) ing its ramifications with many individuals, the technological base. This was in response "Tomorrow's symposium on apathy has I have concluded that our community has to the environment which existed at that been cancelled, due to lack of interest." Do the potential to become a town where the time. In today's environment, a sound busi­ the words of this contemporary platitude healthy and the disabled can work together. ness approach takes on even greater im­ cause one to laugh, or to think? In actuality, Handicapped people have many obstacles to portance. People who contribute to that ap­ the statement makes a terse comment on a conquer alone. They must not only com­ proach-effective procurement managers, malady which increasingly affects society. pensate for their physical impairments, they imaginative contracting officers and com­ Apathy has come of age. must also overcome their own psychological petent buyers-will play an increasingly im­ Uncor.cern always has its consequences. barriers. It 1s inhumane for a community to portant role in the Seventies and Eighties. To a handicapped individual, the results can impose further, purely structural, barriers, Acquisition managers must listen to them be devastating. Statistics show that one out especially when they could so easily be re­ and support their decisions. of seven persons throughout the world is moved. We can start with the small changes, Before leaving the subject of Air Force handicapped to some degree.1 Yet this sizable and then progress. It is not a utopian dream procurement, let me point out as we per­ segment of our population is virtually ig­ to visualize a day when Americus and every form these tasks we also help to implement a nored in many ways by its fellow citizens. community meets the challenge of providing number of important national domestic Barriers on many levels are allowed to exist, sufficient services and conveniences for all policies. In addition to the promotion of and they undoubtedly contribute to the dis­ its inhabitants. Small Business, which is the purpose of this couragement of self-confidence and self­ Why does apathy continue to exist? Psy­ conference, we have stressed enhancing sufficiency among the disabled. chologists feel that people are guilty of adopt­ minority business opportunities. To illus­ On a smaller scale, anyone can examine ing the attitude: "It couldn't happen to me." trate this point we have already let con­ the situation as it exists in his own com­ Perhaps it could. One thing is certain-"it" tracts totaling about $13 million during the munity; for each community is a microcosm has already happened to over twenty-five first six months of FY 74 to minority busi­ of society. Here, in Americus. Georgia, we million Americans.2 Are we justified in de­ ness. have made many progressive steps in dealing priving any one of these twenty-five million In closing, I would like to thank Congress­ with the handicapped. For example, a train­ of the services and the conveniences which man Wilson for inviting me to speak to you. ing center for the mentally retarded has others enjoy? As Edmund Burke once said, been established. Organizations, such as "Justice is the greatest concern of man on I believe it is important for us to consider earth." We must meet the challenge that seriously ways to make better use of our Goodwill Industries and the Department· of justice demands. We cannot give the disabled procurement resources. I appreciate the op­ Vocational Rehab111tation, seek to make their lost faculties. But we can give them the portunity to be here with you and I am sure fruits of our concern. that you are receiving helpful information. 1 Howard A. Rusk, "Handicapped", World I know that Don Rellins and his group of Book Encyclopedia, 1969, v. 9, p. 41. 2 lbid. 11978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974 VOLUNTEER EXPO If you understand that I must find out who run a very scared race. Where there ls no I am for myself; chance for failure, there isn't much chance If you can let me find my own path when for success. R1sk is just another way of say­ HON. LAWREN'CE J. HOGAN I want to instead of choosing for me ing opportunity. OF MARYLAND the way you think I should go; The greatest design for becoming a mil­ If you can touch my life with your love lionaire I have ever Eeen was written by Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wit hout taking away the space I need Eli Witt of Tampa, the Hav-A-Tampa cigar Thursday, April 25, 1974 to breathe; man. Mr. Witt was an invalid, bedridden for Then I can grow, and learn and become. many years, but he built a great tobacco and Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, ''A Volun­ cigarette business. Througb his influence teer Can Make a Difference" is the theme from his sick bed at op the old Tampa Terrace for Prince Georges County Volunteer Hotel, he held t h e cigarette tax off in Florida Expo in connection with National Vol­ IF YOU WANT TO BE A for many years. He summed up his philos­ unteer Week from April 21-27. ophy in two paragraphs which he called MILLIONAIRE "Design for Success" . I quote: The Prince Georges County school "I say to any person, whether he is able volunteer services is proving that our or disabled, that if he expects to make a schools can utilize volunteers to enhance HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT success through government paternalism, he the quality of education. In fact, the OF FLORIDA is doomed to disappointment. First, the per­ results of this program are remarkable. I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES son must decide definitely and quickly what Initiated in 1966 with a total of 15 vol­ Thursday, April 25, 1974 b usiness he wishes to follow. Then forgetting unteers, today it numbers over 10,000 obstacles and ailments he must apply his volunteers. These volunteers have in­ Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, one of mind to learning every detail of that busi­ creased the degree of personal attention the most admired, personable, and able n ess, in an d out, backward and forwa1·d. He men I have ever known is James E. Davis, must not let his love of golf, or tennis, or given to students, and have increased the card playing or gambling, or even his wife, interest of a great many students in their chairman of the board of Winn-Dixie take his eyes from his objective. He must de­ schoolwork. The program has turned Stores, Inc., and he recently made a vote day and night to the task of finding out many students who have poor attend­ truly outstanding graduation speech at what makes his business tick or what is ance records into regular class attenders Jacksonville University, which I include needed to make it grow. and participants. hereunder. The commonsense he ex­ "In so applying himself, the person wit h The Prince Georges County school pressed in his speech the other day, as physical handicaps will not have time for he received his honorary degree from worrying or fretting about his lot. He will system is the lOth largest school system become so engrossed that the handicaps will in the country. Over 10,000 volunteers that university, is both thought-provok­ be forgotten. I have found it so and I have make the volunteer program the second ing and inspiring: been happy." largest program in the country in terms IF You WANT To BE A M I LLIONAIRE I recommend Mr. Witt's "Design for Suc­ of the number of participants. I have allotted myself 21 minutes to make cess" to you! Aside from the benefits accrued by the you a millionaire-if I can't do it in that Too many Americans in recent years have students, the cost of the volunteer pro­ time, you may just have to be happy and concluded "We've got it made-no use to poor. In these days when the government work-no use to worry." The truth is-you gram is minimal with the only expense endeavors to legislate equality through mini­ m u st be hungry-that's a basic characteristic being administrative in nature. In fact mum incomes, regardless of productivity or you must have for success I If you can't be it is estimated that if each of the volun­ demonstrated ability, we must assume that dedlcated to producing a better product or teers was paid for his or her services at you buy the theory that what made the U.S. service at a lower price, you aren't going to the minimum wage rate, the cost ·of the the greatest nation in the world is an inher­ be even a part millionaire. Most humans pro­ program would run in excess of $4 mil­ ent desire of individuals to be "unequal"­ duce better under stress-not under af­ lion annually. to excel others and not depend upon the fluence. This means that if you are poor now, government. It is important that Jackson­ you may have a better chance of becoming Mr. Speaker, I would like to extend ville University produce a new generation a millionaire than the guy who is already my full appreciation to those who have of millionaires to take the place of those one-and has ceased to be motivated-has to given unselfishly of their time and serv­ who have been so generous in the past-the remain a mlllionaire. Productivity is the ices in order to make the program in Swishers, the Phillips, Alex Brest, the Wolf­ name of the game and the Japanese are Prince Georges County successful. sons, the Howards, the Goodings and sev­ breathing down our necks in an effort tore­ Additionally, I would like to have in­ eral others who have been the financial un­ place the U.S. as the top economic producers in derpinnings of this institution. You, the in the world today. We cannot cure poverty serted the RECORD at this point a poem with money-only productivity cures pov­ written by Ms. Marti King, the coordi­ graduating class, are that generation. I believe in daydreaming. A dream of what erty and not some scheme to pay people who nator of the Prince Georges County vol- you want to be at 45 or 50 years of age is do not produce. The government cannot give unteer program. ' essential to motivate you. A dream so strong anyone anything it doesn't take away from The poem follows: it becomes a plan. For the purpose of my someone else! Whenever one person gets A VOLUNTEER . CAN MAKE THE DIFFERENCE talk, I have assumed your dream may be to something without earning it, some other person has to earn something without get­ (By Marti King) become a millionaire. I've looked back over 66 years to try to identify the characteristics ting it. Try this on yourself and see where it If you remember that it takes three of my and attitudes that I think will help you. leads to! steps to equal one of yours; First of all, let me say that it is a highly A business is known by the people it keeps. If you understand that I must view life at competitive world and it won't be easy. I The people who get ahead are those who do an eye level three feet below yours; went to the Produce Market in Miami at 2:30 more than is necessary and keep on doing i t. If you can let me try when I am ready in­ a .m. for years and finished taking my tele­ Whenever you go out to get a job, remem­ stead of pushing me ahead or holding phone orders at 9:00p.m. each night. If you ber-you never get a second chance to make me back; don't enjoy long hours and hard work and a good first impression! You may never see If you can touch my life with your faith if you can't select a vocation you can eat, t he man who hires you again. A lot hinges without taking away my need for self­ on his first impression of you. He might not drink and sleep, you probably won't make determination; hire you. If 20 % of the people associate Then I can grow, and learn and become. it and neither will your spouse unless he or beards and long hair with hippies and vio­ she is sympathetic and understanding. lence, don't run the risk of making a poor If you remember that it takes time for me Believe me, life is uncertain at best--each to gain the experience in living you've impression. A $1.50 haircut could be par­ of us is just a heartbeat away from eternity. layed into a million dollars. In our business, already had; F'ailure and loss of life stalks us always. Fear If you understand that I can only relate to we find that if we satisfy the cranky cus­ ls a very essential element of success. My tomer, we don't have to worry about the those things which have meaning on background is in perishable foods where fear my level of maturity; rest. A cranky customer may be a "square", ls the secret of success. Fear the market will but she is our customer and we intend to If you can let me take a step of independ­ go down-fear you will neglect some detail ence when I can instead of thrusting keep her. and your merchandise will be garbage to­ Of course, the easiest way to become a me out or pulling me back; morrow. You will soon learn my version of If you can touch my life with your hope millionaire is to strike oil, gold or marry Murphy's Law-anything bad that can hap­ money, but assuming you don't do any of without destroying my sense of reality; pen will happen. Think it through in detail Then I can grow, and learn and become. these, let's talk about necessary personal and take steps to prevent catastrophe and traits you should develop. If you can remember it takes courage for me minimize damage. Always have an alternate At the top of the list ts character-let's de­ to try again after failure the same as it. airport in min.d for bad weather. You must fine character as something tn your brain does for you; take big risks to make it big-but you must or hea:rt that controls what you do when ab- April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11979 solutely. no one wlll ever know if you do for. all college graduates if they are going to ture or food distribution in selecting your wrong. It is a trait of personallty your wife or have a moderately high income. vocation. husband and your banker will recognize and Your biggest hurdle in business is to get I don't have to tell you that this is the respect-especially if the banker loari.s you all the factors together and organize them age of the "goof off"-the era of the half­ money. You Will have to hire some money in so you can pay the b111s out of the receipts. done job. The Winn-Dixie cashier who doesn't your lifetime if you become a millionaire­ I think I could run almost any business if thank you-the mechanic who does not fix and you will have to pay it back. We men­ somebody would pay the b1lls. This everlast­ your car-the executive · whose mind is on tioned that you must take some risks and be:. ing problem spoils many business enterprises. the golf course-even students who want crip ing able to borrow capital is one of the Most of the downgrading of business is being courses. Tremendous opportunities exist to essential risks. done by those who ·can't do this-do not do jobs right and satisfied customers will You must develop good judgment. It has understand the sk111 required and turn their flock to your door if you can do them better been said that good judgment comes from envipus scorn on those who can do it. Our than your competition. exercising poor judgment and not making government for many years has been a classic Let me remind you of some new and old­ the same mistake twice. Judgment seems to example of inability to pay the bills out of fashioned ideas in simple language that you be the ability to make use of experience­ the receipts-and they mess up any business need to adopt as a policy: and few of us seem to be born with that wherever they get their fingers in the pie and 1. Honesty is not only the best policy­ faculty. We must acquire it. Don't ration­ eliminate competitive ingenuity. it is the only one for success in life. Don't alize your mistakes-analyze them coldly An important tool of success is keeping give your word carelessly, but if you do, keep and profit by them. Competitors are really your education up to date by reading. The it. Keep appointments-be dependable-be good for you in one area-they call painful accelerated pace of today's living makes it on time. attention to your mistakes. I believe you will ·even more vital. Even with an earned PhD 2. A fair day's work for a day's pay and find an important facet of judgment to be degree, you can be very uneducated within fair pay for a day's work. I've heard that the ab111ty to negotiate amiably. Trade five years. There is no terminal degree in the great inventor, Thomas A. Edison, said, hard~but not offensively. Judgment of what education-it goes on for your entire life. I "Genius is 1 % inspiration and 99 % perspira­ a buyer wlll pay in a sale is very important. have assumed that you have · found that tion". A most desirable characteristic is the education comes largely from the written ·3. The most dangerous drug of our times &bility to handle people-our relations with word. Books are an effort by those who went is not a hard drug, but a drug called "SFN"­ our associates and even our family. In this ·before us to give us the benefit of knowledge, something for nothing. Don't get addicted field, I think tact is a very important attri­ research and experience. The intent was to to it, or you will never be a millionaire. bute. I recently read that a good. supervisor make it so you would not have to make the 4. There is no such thing as it can't be is a guy who can step on your toes without same mistakes in a trial and error effort at done-problems are unsolved opportunities. messing up your shine. That's tact! solving problems. Socrates said, "Employ your Someone is going to solve great problems In developing the ability to handle people, time in improving yourself by other men's and be liberally rewarded. I think you wlll find fairness is probably the writings, so that you shall easily come ·by 5. The "I will" is worth more than the most important ingredient in human rela­ ·what others have labored for". Karl Marx "IQ", but together they are unbeatable. Real tions. Perhaps you have heard the story of said, "History is economics in action-the motivation to get results will make life inter­ the employees chatting one day. One said, · contest among individuals, groups, classes esting. "Of course, the boss is mean, but he is fair." and states for food, fuel, materials and eco· I have often wondered why some of the The other one said, "What do you ·mean, he is nomic power." Remember, also, that a mem­ millionaires I know were not "A" students­ fair?" The reply was, "Well,- he is mean to ory for figures, names and faces in your busi· some didn't even .finish college, but were everyone." That is not the kind of fairness I ness is very important. highly motivated and tena~ious. Proper ed­ have in mind when I point out it is impor­ You must be an innovator-be on a con­ ucation undoubtedly would have made it tant that we have this characteristic. Sincere stant search for better ways to do things. much easier-yo,u have this great advan­ acts of courtesy are never out of place in any To be an innovator, you must be aggressive, tage. If you desire to become a millionaire, business. I believe you will find a dedicated tough minded and persistent. If you are a 3.5 don't have many sidellnes-you have a full group is much more produc.tive than one in­ student or better and you got that way by time job ahead of you. dividual, so you must learn to be fair to your writing long-winded dissertations, shake the Now if you aren't the aggressive type, if associates and work at binding them to­ habit right now. The habit will lead to what your plans do not seem to work out, but your gether; moving toward established goals. we call the "3-page letter complex"-putting health is good and you can digest anything Morale is one of the keystones in. any .busi­ ·on three pages what should go in one para­ you want to eat, don't be downhearted. A ness enterprise. I think it can best be de­ graph. The ab111ty to make a logical, conciSe lot of millionaires can't digest their food fined as "Faith in the people at the top". presentation in writing is a "must"-it may and would give all they have to have good You can be a hard boss, and still be liked­ qe your only approach to a superior who health. Sometimes success brings indiges­ but not a nagging boss or a grouchy boss. You must be made conscious of your a.bllities. tion and nerves anyhow, so just be happy. must be a boss who stays close enough to his · Ab111ty to cut through fluff and verbiage to ·There are counterbalancing things- even in business to know a good job from a poor get at the crux of a problem is precious...:.. success. I think there is wealth in things one-a boss who cuts employees in tor sonie if you have it, cultivate it for it could make other than dollars. To be 8. really good of the "goodies" when it can be done. See you a millionl;\ir~. Tfme is the most precious teacher, minister or doctor borders on the that your employees don't refer to you as thing iii the wodd-you must · have tlie divine. My third grade teacher inspiied me the "Boss" spelled backwards-double SOB I abiUty to make use of it efficiently. Another to belleve in myself-I've idolized - her Encouragement is the all-important ingredi­ bad phase of the eduction problem is the since-! stm keep in touch. She 1S 84 years old and a Winn-Dixie stockholder. The satis­ ent in any enterprise-without encourage­ ·"big word syndrome". When I hear a fellow ment, ·we wither away and die financially on television start off with a lot of words faction from this type of life work must be -that I have to look up, I wonder if he is overwhelming. and physically. Don't be afraid to dish out Each person in the world, no matter how re~lly informing me 9r just trying to impress liberal doses of encouragement. ·humble, has a sphere of influence-real suc­ Most important, you can't be a mlllionaire me or maybe make me feeil stupid. You don't make progre~ with your associates by mak· cess consists of expanding that sphere of in­ unless you are . a dedicate!i capitalist, and . fiuence constructively each day. learn to handle money. Remember, you can't · ing them feel stupid. The recent elimination of the grain sur• Let me close by pointing out that oppor­ be a millionaire without making and saving tunity for college graduates has never been $10,000 first-you crawl before you walk, and -pluses in the United States may presage a worldwide famine. There are 75 million new greater-more people can afford more goods so long as you progress every year, that mll­ and services than ever before in history-all liona~e glin~ will stay in your eye. To M­ mouths in the world to feed every year. ·Wheat, rice and corn are the staples of the signals are A-OK-go for the Jacksonvill-e come a capitalist is simple-just maintain '.University Graduating Class of Aprll21, 1974. · world's diet and tell the tale in the food bus~­ the income over the outgo. This is a concept ·You can be a m111ionaire-don't tell me it many edu9ational institutions seem to pd­ . ness. - Ava-ilable -grain lands are relatively . static compared to the expanding need. , :can't be done-I've seen it done. I made a glect. If we spend more money than we make ·similar talk almost 20 years ago and I won­ every w~ek, we are going to be laborers and Food production is probably the growth ·industry of the 70's. I don't believe burden­ dered if it was wasted effort. Two years later, not capit~lists, regardless of educatiQn, in­ a man came to me and said, "I liked your telligence or high st~tion. Hire money when some, long-term food surpluses will ever ·exist again in our lives. Basic food produc­ talk-we think alike. My boss and principal you can use it at a prpfit-never borrow stockholder has just died and I need a new money to live on. Cut your spending or up tion will be much more rewarding than in the past. There is as much dignity in tilling bos_s and owner'\ .! told him I did not want your earnings. If you can~t do this, you wlll to be his. boss, but if he could manage to never. be a millionaire, If you (lon~t have 'a the soil, animal husbandry and forestry as become as good an expense man as he was a financial plan, make it right now. If it in­ ·there is in science, music or poetry. J:f this ·salesman, I'd show ~1m how to buy the com­ volves making .good money, take a little is not recognized by educated people, we may pany and I would make an investment with boolq{eeping so you can ~nderstand your own soon go hungry. If there is a crop failure in him. He is now several times a m111ionaire and finances, read a financial statement and ba~­ Russia: China, -Austra.Ua, Argentina or the I am a satisfied st'oc1tholder. ance your own· checkboo1t. One year of ac­ .United States,·we may find millions· of people In the parlance of ·the grocery business, co~tipg pro_bably shoul~ be required course . w11:1 s_tarve. Don't wise enough to the largest wall." Admittedly we pulled a architecture can influence how people react insert language in their Committee reports dirty. We again submitted a circular build­ to cold temperatures in a room and vice barring the use of appropriated funds for ing. It drove the core police bananas. versa. People will leave a room, for example, dam construtcion until the environmental If we are going to have to 11 ve with codes, that is ugly, cold or confusing, sometimes and cost questions raised by the Council on we prefer performance codes. We have a without knowing exactly which reaction led Environmental Quality and the Delaware lot of respect for the people who worked up them to the door. Physical comfort cannot River Basin Commission had been resolved. the model federal code. If anyone can come be separated from esthetic comfort. To date these issues have not been re­ up with a "good" code, they can. But what What's beauty these days? Let's zero in on solved. The Council on Environmental Qual­ will happen when each state comes up with this last principle. The energy crisis has al­ ity still opposes the dam because of water 1ts own version? ready changed the notion of beauty. It's pollution threats posed by upstream agri­ And, in a sense, even a "good" code is not difficult to see beauty in buildings that have cultural wastes from New York State and for what we need for the design profession to an inherent craving for energy. The highlY. other problems like municipal sewage treat­ have a productive, efficient, creative response admired complex forms of the 60's are los­ ment control. to the energy crisis. We need freedom to de­ ing their eye appeal, too, because people are Although the 1973 Delaware River Basin sign so we can build highly functional, peo­ beginning to reallze that the juts, zigzags Commission Report would make it appear ple-oriented buildings requiring less energy. and extravagant use of outside walls are in­ To conserve energy, we need to work with their objections to the project have been efficient forms for saving energy. A new satisfied, I personally take issue with their principles. And working with principles is morality of form is emerging. a process of re-discovery, not invention. findings on water protection assurances, pay­ There are principles of design which are as ments-in-lieu-of taxes, requirements of valid today as when the three of us were landuse controls and feeder highways. teaching college architecture years ago. We IN OPPOSITION TO THE TOCKS CEO STILL OPPOSES THE TOCKS DAM believe each has as its foundation an under­ Let me quote to you from a March 6, 1974 lying principle: function, economy and form ISLAND DAM letter I received from Chairman Russell are one. And economy includes the economy Peterson of the Council on Environmental of energy. By using the following principles Quality responding to my February 5th re­ which underscore the energy component, we HON. JOSEPH J. MARAZITI quest for the Council on Environmental form the basis for designing to conserve en­ OF NEW JERSEY ergy. Quality's position on the water quality issues Orientation: If we're careful how we place IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES surrounding the dam: the building on the site, we can save energy. Thursday, April 25, 1974 " ... The water quality issues, particularly Solar heat control: Heat from the sun as they relate to potential euthrophication, flows into a building by radiation, convec­ Mr. MARAZITI. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ have not been resolved. tion and conduction. This heat source can tion is looking to Congress to help curb " ... I stro~gly feel that there is a press­ be controlled to reduce the amount of energy inflation, stop wasteful spending in Gov­ ing need to evaluate alternative measures to required to heat and cool a building. ernment and to protect the environment. the Tocks Island Dam project, particularly April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11993" to assure that water supply, power and A close inspection of the original objec­ roads towards the goal of flood control in the recreation needs of that region can be met tions of the State of New Jersey will reveal Delaware basin. in a reasonably effective and economically the majority of the original objections and The last time I testified before the Sub­ efficient manner. problems still remain unsolved. committee I mentioned flood control alter­ " ... I am not convinced that a major natives such as land contouring and the WASTEFUL EXPENDITURES FOR POWER prohibition of construction on the flood impoundment is the only solution to the Concerning the Corp's justification of the present problems in the Delaware Basin. I plain, Tocks Island bam from a power generation Land use planning will have to become believe we must seriously consider alterna­ point of view, I mentioned in my earlier tives to the Tocks Island Dam project which an integral part of the job of communities testimony last year that the proposed ap­ and states in the years to come. From an will not impound a major segment of one of propriation of Federal dollars for a pumped the last free-flowing rivers in the East. ecological point of view it is not impracti­ storage hydroelectric power station on Kita­ cal to suggest that no further construction " ... Other solutions to the water supply tinny ridge was a band-aid to stop an energy problem have been proposed." be allowed on the Delaware river valley flood epidemic that could only be stopped by plain. To accomplish this goal, the natural AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF-AN UNRESOLVABLE research providing long term energy solu­ fiood plain must first be identified. PROBLEM tions. I think the preservation of this beautiful Mr. Chairman, Mr. Peterson also discusses The energy epidemic I predicted is already river valley in its present state is worth the the fact that while recently enacted water upon us. The jump in the price of oil makes cost of the environmental preservation road quality legislation may provide a basis for the concept of hydroelectric power even more to flood control in the basin. controlling Delaware River water quality, he costly and wasteful than it was last year. The last major flood in the valley was in states: "It is unreasonable to assume that Now instead of spending $4.00 for a barrel 1955. Since then, four major impoundments there will be immediate implementation of of oil, to pump water up the ridge, it will providing for flood control have been con­ necessary control facilities." cost $12.00 and more a barrel to do the same structed on the tributaries of the Delaware. It would therefore seem that Chairman thing. What's worse, the constant generating Altogether the Prompton, Beltzville, Wal­ Peterson concurs with my earlier testimony power plant is tremendously inefficient. It ter and Jadwin reservoirs comprise a flood which stated Environmental Protection only uses 34 % of the energy contained in control capacity of some 83,099 million gal· Agency regulations were not adequate to take the fuel oil it burns. lons of water. care of the problem of upstream dairy and If we are going to put taxpayer dollars In addition, the Neversink Reservoir, can­ poultry runoffs which would undoubtedly into energy, let's put them where they will nonsville and Pepacton Reservoirs in upstate cause eutrophication of the proposed reser­ do the most good in the area to be served. New York further act to hold back the force voir. The energy crisis forces the nation to ex­ of the Delaware in times of high water. In Further, I submit the problem of upstream pend dollars to find long range solutions to addition, there are some 13 other impound­ dairy and poultry runoffs can never be solved. our energy needs that I spoke about last ments on Delaware tributaries besides these. Therefore the dam will never be able to be year. I feel that with proper management, these justified because it constitutes a grave pol­ Every dollar we spend on power should impoundments on the tributaries are suffi­ lution hazard from a water quality point of yield maximum results. We simply cannot cient to account for the flood control needs view, to say nothing of the environmental afford "wasteful" dollars that the power gen­ of the region. destruction to the Delaware River Valley. eration portion of the dam represents. In addition to the construction of the new I say this because it is highly unlikely that The limited power that might result from impoundments on the tributaries in the 19 the tremendous costs associated with devel­ the dam would not be available for at least years since the 1955 flood, another factor has oping a sewage treatment system to purify 10 years after the start of dam construc­ to be taken into consideration. That is the the main stem of the Delaware from up­ tion. Therefore it could in no way alleviate increased demand of the population explo­ stream agricultural wastes would ever be the current energy crisis. sion on the East Coast upon the waters of justified, let alone undertaken by the State Great progress is now being made in the the Delaware. of New York. use of oil shale, coal gassification and lique­ New York State has authority under a The costs for such a mammoth undertak­ faction, and geothermal energy. Tremendous Supreme Court Decision to withdraw up to ing would equal the more than $1 billion strides are being made in the area of tapping 800 million gallons of water a day from the the proposed $360 million dam plus the rec­ solar energy for use by man. Delaware. Recently they have been using up reation area, waste treatment system and Rather than wasting energy dollars on to the maximum allotment of their water other supporting facilities are already pro­ Tocks, the emphasis should be on making supply from the river. jected to cost. appropriations available for research and de­ As "progress" continues to take its toll on By eliminating the $360 million, a sub­ velopment in these areas, which represent the water resources of the mighty Delaware, stantial savings to the tax coffers of the long term solutions to our energy needs. it is not unreasonable to suggest that small­ nation could be made. As guardians of the WATER AND RECREATION ALTERNATIVES EXIST er, less costly alternatives on the tributaries Federal pursestrings, the Subcommittee is The Council on Environmental Quality of the Delaware will satisfactorily meet the well aware of the need to protect taxpayer region's flood control needs when combined dollars! shares my View that viable alternatives to water· and recreation exist. When I last tes­ with the four major reservoirs already con­ 1973 DELAWARE RIVER BASIN REPORT MISLEADING tified ·before the Subcommittee, I believe I structed since 1955. The 1973 Delaware River Basin Commission proved the point that the present river val­ We have had no major floods in the Dela­ Report appears to indicate that the seven ley offers at least as many recreational op­ ware valley since 1955, even though we have reservations put forth by former Governor portunities as the Tocks Island Dam and had tremendous thunderstorms and torren­ Cahill of New Jersey have been met. How­ lake would provide. tial rains since then. ever, as I mentioned before, I don't feel the Chairman Peterson agrees that the dam It is obvious the lack of a flood is due to decentralized sewer system addresses itself without the lake is more than sufficient for a larger number of impoundments on the to the real pollution problem, which is up­ recreation purposes . . tributaries of the Delaware. So, in effect, we stream agricultural runoff. No less than 11 major impoundments pro­ already have a flood control system. The report minimizes the potential eutro­ viding major sources of water for municipal PROHmiT FUNDS FOR CONSTRUCTION phication problem resulting from this run­ use presently exist on the tributaries of the Mr. Chairman, I urge this Subcommittee off, and declares that no additional highways Delaware. not to fund money for the construction of would be needed to accommodate the revised From the West and East branches of the the dam, now or in the future. recreational facilities because of New Jersey Delaware, through Eastern Pennsylvania to At the very le!l!St, I would urge the mem­ State's action on the Federal highway act Millville, New Jersey, these major reservoirs bers of this Subcommittee to maintain the legislation. serve the water supply needs of this area of environmental posture it took last year by I contend that the continued need to con­ the Delaware River valley. including language in their report barring serve energy, and gasoline, will cause the In addition, the state of New Jersey has the use of construction funds until the en­ Delaware River Valley Recreation Area to gone on to provide for its own water re­ Vironmental questions have been fully become even more appealing as a recreation source needs through the construction of resolved. spot than it ever was because of its close smaller reservoirs like Round Valley and I feel such a posture would be fully justi­ proximity to New York. Visitor loads will Spruce Run. fied, and backed up not only by the Council undoubtedly be higher than anticipated be­ As I pointed out last time, and ask again, on Environmental Quality, but also by the cause of this. I have yet to be able to find out who is Office of Management and Budget. May I The Commission seems to lightly gloss over going to benefit from the water at Tocks quote in part from a letter from the Office the problem of local opposition to state en­ Reservoir that will amortize the investment. of Management and Budget to Secretary of croachment on home rule prerogatives per­ FLOOD CONTROL the Army Howard H. Callaway of February taining to land use controls. Yet, this issue 4, 1974. is so volatile that major land use planning The U.S. Al1JlY Corps of Engineers has used In it, Deputy Director Frederick V. Malek legislation which was the results of two flood control as one of the four bases of states: years labor by the House Interior and Insular their justification for the dam. Although the "Funds programmed for use in fiscal years Affairs Committee has been tabled by the issue of flood control is admittedly important 1974 and 1975 for the Tocks Island project House Rules Committee. and must be dealt with, there can be two will continue to be used only for land ac- 11994 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS April 25, 1974 qulsitlon until the outstanding environmen­ [In millions of dollars) at an average cost of $400 million, and tal problems associated with the project have been resolved." the estimates for expanded road facilities 3Ys Army vary in equally staggering amounts. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and Members Benefits percent Corps EDF of the Subcommittee, for your time and These costs must be incurred before attention to my remarks against the con­ any of the estimated benefits can ac­ Recreation ______.; 11.708 ~~ struction of the Tacks Island Dam. t 0 crue. In addition, these costs must, for ~ a~i{s·u-ppiy~:::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~: ~~~ 4. 646 the most part, be born by the residents Mr. Speaker, according to the Flood Flood controL______3. 824 2. 241 Control Act of 1936, before the Federal of New Jersey. It is inconceivable that TotaL______------28.998 12.295 these required costs are not calculated in Government may involve itself in a the benefit/cost ratio. If nothing else, the project of this type, it must first be residents of New Jersey should insist that determined ''if the benefits to whomso­ The difference stems from the fact that the return on their investment in sewage ever they may accrue are in excess of the corps has overstated the power and facilities and roads reflect sound fiscal the estimated costs and if the lives and water supply benefits by failing to choose policy. social security of the people are other­ the lowest cost alternatives. However, Since 1962, when the Tacks Island wise adversely affected." If we consider the greatest difference is in the amount my foregoing statement, and the of recreation benefits. project was authorized at $90 million, economic effect of the Tacks Island the estimate has increased to over $36:::> The Environmental Defense Fund million. It must be emphasized that these project, it is obvious that it is not charges that the corps has overestimated are only estimates, and as such are not economically viable and the condition set the length of the recreation season; over­ upper limits and certainly are not legally forth by Federal law is not met. estimated the value of a recreation day; binding. They are essentially open-ended In evaluating the time stream of inaccurately estimated the impact of authorizations which transfer all further benefits and costs, the corps used a dis­ drought conditions on recreation attend­ authority to those who handle the ap­ count rate of only 3 Ys percent. This ance; underestimated the consequences propriations process. In a time when we severely shortchanges the taxpayer. The of inclement weather on recreation at­ are trying to reduce Government spend­ current rate used by commercial banks is tendance, and failed to estimate the net ing and promote sound fiscal policy, the 7. .5 percent. The Water Resources Coun­ difference in recreation attendance at fantastic escalation of the Tacks Island cil would set it at 6% percent and private the area as it exists today and as it estimates could prove to be the source of industry usually looks for a return of would exist at project completion. serious fiscal problems. 10 percent. Even by minimum standards, If we subtract the annual cost, it be­ I urge that this committee look again there is no justification for evaluating comes apparent that Tacks Island is not at the Tacks Island project with respect the project at such a law rate of return. an economically sound investment. With to both its environmental and economi­ Why should we spend our taxpayers a benefit-to-cost ratio of .08 to 1 it cer­ cal impact on the Delaware region and dollars on this project when it means tainly does not comply with the require­ the entire country. I am certain that a excluding a project of higher yield? ments of Federal law and therefore complete and unbiased revaluation of the Government investment in projects should not be undertaken. entire project will expose its inadequacy with insufficient discount future benefits Costjbenefit-Tocks Island and result in its termination. when the small dollars invested else­ (Millions of dollars) where could return 9 to 10 percent is Benefits 3lfs% poor fiscal policy. By using a 6%-percent Recreation ------4.408 rate for major projects such as Tacks we Power ------1. 000 IRS REPLY TO QUESTION ON PRESI­ would still insure the need of our future VVater supplY------­ 4.646 DENT'S TAXES generations. At the same time it would Flood controL------2.241 guard against the approval of economi­ cally nonviable projects. Total benefits ______12.295 Assuming that the benefit figures HON. CHARLES A. VANIK Costs: OF OHIO projected by the corps are correct, the Interest and amortization ______7.523 following table will provide some dif­ Operation and maintenance ______1. 851 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ferent figures for economic viability, if Replacements ------.660 Wednesday, April 24, 1974 more aceptable rates are used. Figures Economic losses ______4.502 Fish and wildlife loss------• 500 Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, earlier this use dare 1970 prices, 100 year life. Annual waste treatment costs______• 674 month, I asked the Commissioner of In­ Investment amortization ______• 677 ternal Revenue whether the President's (In millions of dollars) voluntary reimbursement of his 1969 Total annual costs ______16. 387 underpayment of-according to the Joint Percent Even granting the arguability of the Committee on Internal Revenue Taxa­ Benefits 10 EDF's figures, they are certainly closer tion--$171,055 could be treated as a char­ than those of the corps. The corps esti­ itable contribution--deductible from his Recreation ______11.708 ------mates 4.2 million annual visitors over a 1974 taxes--or whether it is subject to Power______3. 230 ------application for being refunded to the 1 98-day season at a value of approxi­ mately $1.35/each. This only nets $5.670 President any time during the next 2 ~~~~ t~n'W~======g: ~~1 :::=::=::::::::::::::=::.::::::: years. TotaL _____ 28.998 28.998 28.998 28. 998 28.998 million-far short of the $11.7 million in Cost______18.289 26. 150 32.054 36.144 44.337 their projections. In order for the Tacks The Commissioner replied that- Benefit/cost ratio__ 1. 6 1. 1 .90/1 .80/1 .65/1 Island project to net $11.7 million dollars n 1 current position of the Internal Rev­ enue Service is that a voluntary payment at the recreational day value of $1.35, the of a tax barred by the statute of limitations The closer we get to a more commer­ number of annual visitors would have to is an overpayment which will be refunded cially acceptable rate, the more econom­ be over 8% million, or close to 90,000 by the Service upon the filing of a timely ically questionable the project becomes. people per day for the season. Even if ~e claim .... assume no inclement weather at all, this If we examine the benefits a bit closer is more than double the amount of Most of these provisions would be al­ it is apparent that they are overstated. visitors that facilities are planned for. tered in the case that a finding of civil Any reduction would even further re­ When it is considered that the Dela­ or criminal fraud is made. duce the benefit/cost ratio. ware River Basin Commission has lim­ The full text of the letter from the A very good analysis of the projected ited annual visitation to 4 million, such Commissioner of the IRS follows: benefits was made by the Environ­ benefits are impossible. APRIL 22, 1974. mental Defense Fund. Essentially they Hon. CHARLES A. VANIK, Of more importance is the fact that House of Representatives, determined that the benefits to accrue none of the sewage facilities or expanded Washington, D.C. from the project were about 50 percent access roads necessary to service Tacks DEAR MR. VANIK! This is in reply to your less than those projected by the Corps of tramc are included in the corps costs. letters of April 8 and April 10, 1974, con­ Engineers. The sewage facilities alone are estimated cerning President Nixon's payment of in- April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11995 come taxes for the year 1969. Specifically, statistics are contained in a $10 million ally renders the FBI's Uniform Crime Re­ you have raised the following questions: Justice Department report purporting to port obsolete," but seconds later, he con­ (1) whether such payment may be treated show that actual crime is two to three times ceded that "there's really no way to compare as a charitable contribution to the United higher than reported crime in Detroit, Chi­ the two reports • . . like apples and oranges." States Government under section 170 of the cago, New York and Los Angeles, and five Asked why murder was not included Internal Revenue Code of 1954; and (2) times higher in Philadelphia. among the serious crimes surveyed by the whether such payment may be refunded un­ The report, scheduled for official release panel, Santarelli said: der section 6511 of the Code within two Sunday, was based on interviews conducted "All of our statistics are based on inter­ years from the date of payment. by U.S. Census Bureau census takers with views with the victims, but of course, we Because of the policy of the Internal Rev­ some 25,000 persons and 2,000 businesses in couldn't interview a dead person." enue Service to protect the privacy of all each of the nation's five largest cities. Each of the 125,000 persons interviewed in taxpayers, I am sure that you can appreci­ The survey, commissioned by the National the massive surveJ of the five cities was ate my inability to comment specifically Crime Panel of the Law Enforcement Assist­ asked to respond to 23t:s questions in a 20- with respect to President Nixon's tax status. ance Administration (LEAA), claims to show page questionnaire. However, a general statement of the law and that 3.1 million crimes occurred in those The questions ranged from ones on atti­ of current Internal Revenue Service policy, cities in 1972, even though the cities' police tudes, such as "Is there anything you don't as they relate to your questions, might be departments reported a total of only 1.2 mil­ like about this neighborhood?" to ones about useful. lion crimes. actual crimes, such as "Did anyone beat you The current position of the Internal Rev­ Detroit led four of the major categories up, attack you or hit you with something, enue Service is that a voluntary payment contained in the report. Among them: such as a rock or bottle during the last 12 of a tax barred by the statute of limita­ Detroit had the highest rate of serious months?" tions is an overpayment which will be re­ crime--68 per 1,000 persons-while Phila­ The questions covered rape, robbery, lar­ funded by the Service upon the filing of a delphia had 63, Chicago 56; Los Angeles 53, ceny, assault, burglary and auto theft. timely claim pursuant to section 6511 of the and New York ~6. According to the survey, about 45 percent Code. This position is based upon the fol­ Detroit had the highest rate per household of the 3.1 million criminal acts that it was lowing provisions of the Internal Revenue of burglary, 174 per 1,000 households, com­ told about were carried out against individ­ Code of 1954: (1) section 6401 (a), which pared with 148 for Los Angeles, 118 for Chi­ uals, 40 percent against households and 15 provides that the payment of a barred tax cago, 109 for Philadelphia and 68 for New percent against businesses. constitutes an overpayment; and (2) !>ec­ York. Thefts constituted a majority of all crimes tion 6402 (a), which provides that the Com­ Detroit had the highest rate for burglaries against persons. while about a third of all missioner shall, within the applicable period of businesses, 615 per 1,000, compared with personal incidents involved violence. of limitations, refund overpayments. Thus, 390 for Philadelphia, 328 for New York, 317 In at least three-fourths of the crimes in­ an amount which is paid as a tax after the for Chicago and 311 for Los Angeles. volving or threatening violence, the confron­ expiration of the statutory period of limi­ Detroit had the highest rate of robbery of tation was between strangers, the reports tations remains a payment of tax subject to businesses, 179 per 1,000, compared with 116 said. refund and is not a voluntary contribution for Philadelphia, 103 for New York, 77 for Minorities, including blacks and Spanish­ or gift within the meaning of section 170 Chicago and 47 for Los Angeles. Americans, were the victims of robbery and of the Code. In general, no deduction for Those figures are particularly startling aggravated assault at much higher rates than a charitable contribution is allowable where when compared with the crimes actually whites, the report said. the taxpayer may, by his action, obtain a tallied by the Detroit Pollee Department in Other findings contained in the report refund of the amount contributed. - 1972. were: It is important to note that a taxpayer While Detroit police recorded 129,647 seri­ Los Angeles and Philadelphia had the will receive no refund unless and until a ous crimes that year, the National Crime highest rate of assault, 34 per 1,000, followed claim for refund is filed. In addition, any Panel's survey claixns there were actually by Detroit with 33, Chicago with 26 and New recommended refund, if in excess of $100,- 345,600. York with 10. 000, must first be reviewed by the Joint In 1972, Detroit police recorded 42,563 bur­ Detroit led in robbery and attempted rob­ Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation. glaries of households and businesses. The bery with injury against individuals, 32 per I hope that this letter has been helpful survey claims there were actually 109,800. 1,000 compared with 28 for Philadelphia, 26 to you. Detroit Police Commissioner Philip G. Tan­ for Chicago, 24 for New York and 16 for Los With kind regards, nian, informed of the report's findings last Angeles. Sincerely, week, declined to comment on them until Detroit also was high in attempted assaults DONALD C. ALEXANDER, he could thoroughly study the report. with weapons, recording 12 per 1,000 persons, But Donald F. Santarell1, chief adminis­ while Los Angeles and Philadelphia had 10 trator of the LEAA, said at a press briefing such incidents per 1,000 persons, followed by Thursday that he had "no doubts whatso­ Chicago with eight and New York with six. DETROIT GETS TO:P RATING-FOR ever" about the authenticity of the report's Santarelli said there were no clear-cut expla­ CRIME statistics. nations for many of the findings in the re­ "This is a completely new way to measure port. crime," he said. "For the first time in his­ "Why is there such a wide disparity of HON. ROBERT J. HUBER tory, we have an accurate measurement of crime between New York and Philadelphia, OF MICHIGAN crime ... right from the victim's mouth, two cities only 90 miles apart?" he asked. which has been qualified in an unassailable "In funding this study, the LEAA's goal is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manner." to spark questions like that in the minds of Thursday, April 25, 1974 Santarelli said the Census Bureau used at criminal justice planners, administrators and least 150 census takers in each city, when it enforcement personnel, and then generate Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, sad days conducted the interviews during the first programs and projects to provide effective indeed, have fallen upon Michigan's three months of 1973. No one under 12 was answers," he said. largest city, Detroit. It was known that interviewed. Santarelll observed that the survey found the homicide rate was high and "Mo­ "These were all trained census bureau per­ that the most frequent reasons given for not town" was rapidly becoming known as sonnel," he said, "and they used the latest, reporting crime were: Nothing could be done "murder town," but this most recent the very latest techniques," he emphasized. because of lack of proof, 34 percent; not im­ "Of course, not all these statistics are hard portant enough, 28 percent; police would not study released by the Department of ones because they rely on human memory, want to be bothered, 8 percent; too incon­ Justice purports to show that Detroit is but they still are the most accurate meas­ venient, 5 percent; private or personal mat­ among the most crime ridden cities in urements we've ever had." ter, 4 percent; and afraid of reprisal, 2 per­ the Nation and indeed ranks first in The report, Santarelli said, shows conclu­ cent. many categories of crime. The article sively that people don't report crime "be­ from the Sunday News of April 14, 1974 cause it isn't worth it, they don't believe the follows: criminal justice system works well enough to make it worthwhile. APPRECIATION SHOWN FOR SMALL [From the Sunday News Apr. 14, 1974] "This survey tells us just how turned off BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DETROIT GETS TOP RATING--FOR CRIME people are to the criminal justice system," he (By John E. Peterson) said. HON. FERNAND ST GERMAIN WASHINGTON.-In 1972, almost four-fifths "We must try to turn them on again. We J. of all of the businesses in Detroit were either must bring consumerism to criminal justice." OF RHODE ISLAND burglarized or robbed, and nearly a third of Santarelli seemed confused at times dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the city's households were the targets of ing questioning by newsmen, many of whom burglary and theft. openly told him they were skeptical of the Thursday, April 25, 1974 Sound incredible? report's findings. Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, a Perhaps, but those somewhat astounding At one point, he said, "This report virtu- year ago the economy of Rhode Island CXX--756-Part 9 11996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974. suffered a stunning blow when the De­ Nixon fired Special Prosecutor Archi­ This "Spectacular" will be open to all partment of Defense ordered huge cut­ bald Cox, the American people are youth of JamaLca Plain from the ages seven backs in the naval facilities at Quonset, deeply troubled. Public opinion surveys to seventeen and those who go to school in Jamaica Plain. Kicking off the events will be Davisville, and Newport. With the loss of show that the vast majority of Ameri­ dress contest, swimming and basketball com­ the Navy, the largest single employer cans believe Richard Nixon was involved mence at noon on April 13th. Jack Doherty, in Rhode Island, prophets of doom in at least some aspects of the Watergate the parade chairman and co-founder of speedily arose to voice dire forebodings. coverup, and do not believe that he is Youth Week, has appointed Cmdr. Thomas Once again, as it has since the days of being honest in his statements about the Kelly, District 16 VFW, as the Grand Mar­ founder Roger Williams, the resilient missing and erased tapes. If, in fact, shall of this affair. The list of events during spirit inherent in the character of Rhode Richard Nixon is innocent of the charges youth week are as follows-Street hockey, bowling, one on one basketball, road and Islanders bounced up to confront adver­ against him, he is entitled to have these bike races, Ping-Pong, talent show, and ugly sity and turn it to advantage. doubts dispelled, not only for his own dress contest, swimming and basketball com­ With courage and initiative, the citi­ sake, but also so that millions of Ameri­ petition, an essay contest, field and track zens took positive action toward eco­ can citizens can once again maintain a events, pass-punt and kick contest, photog­ nomic recovery, first seeking aid from modicum of faith in the integrity of the raphy exhibits, arts and crafts exhibits, and the appropriate Federal agencies, such officials they elect to high public office. to follow up the events, an award and ban­ as the Small Business Administration. If, on the other hand, Richard Nixon quet night. All applications forms are to be In similar circumstances, Federal has been lying to us about the various returned to us as soon 8iS possible so the plan­ ning committee can make all the necessary agencies proferring help are often allegations against him, he must be re­ arrangements. abused and slandered by the populace, moved from office and replaced with Application forms are available through and rarely accorded the smallest degree someone who can command the basic the schools in the community as well as the of gratitude or acknowledgement. From respect which Americans should have Youth Resource Center up at Curtis Hall, Newport, R.I., one of the hardest for their highest Government official. and the Youth Office at ESAC, 169 Amory hit areas in the naval cutbacks, The Founding Fathers of our Nation, street, also at the Agassiz and Hennigan Com­ Councilman Lawrence E. Newsome has in their great wisdom, provided a means munity schools. For those that are interested in contribut­ extended thanks and appreciation for for resolving such a situation right in the ing financially to the Youth Week events or the Small Business Administration's en­ U.S. Constitution. When there exists those interesrted in volunteering their serv­ deavors on behalf of that city. I would substantial evidence of wrongdoing on ices, contact Jack Doherty at 524-7000 or like to acquaint my colleagues with the the part of the President, the Vice Presi­ Bonnie Gorman at 524-2555. sentiments of Newport, Mr. Newsome, dent, or a civil officer of the United Members of the general planning commit­ and all Rhode Island, as addressed to States, the House of Representatives is tee include: John Grady, Paul Mcirney, Jack Mr. Thomas S. Kleppe, Administrator empowered to "impeach" the official be­ Doherty, Jim Knoop; Gen, Chairman, Bon­ nie Gorman, Pablo Cruz, Chops Porter, Rick of the Small Business Administration. fore the Senate. "Impeachment" merely Capistram, Ma.ry Phinney, Billy Hughes and NEWPORT, R.I., March 31, 1974. means to accuse one of an offense, and Don Watson. Mr. THOMAS S. KLEPPE, requires a majority vote in the House. Final preparations are being made for the Administrator, Small Business Administra­ The Senate then must weigh the evi­ Jamaica Plain youth Week Talent Show to be tion, Washington, D.C. dence and find the accused innocent or held at 2 p.m. on 13 April at the Agassiz Com­ DEAR MR. KLEPPE: It has been almost a guilty. A two-thirds majority of all Sen­ munity School Auditorium. The 13th is going year since the Department of Defense an­ to be a very full day for Jamaica Plain Youth nounced the cutback in Newport, Rhode ators present for the vote is required for a conviction, in which case the official is with the kick-off parade commencing at Island, and I felt this was a good time to re­ noon-terminating at the Agassiz SChool flect on what has been accomplished during removed from office. Otherwise, he is where the Fun Fair then gets under way, the past year to facilitate our economic found "innocent, as President Andrew providing exciting entertainment ~or the re- recovery. Johnson was when he was impeached a mainder of the day. · As a city official who has been deeply in· century ago, and continues to hold office. The major highlight of this Fun Fair will volved in improving the business climate, The charges against Mt. Nixon are be the Talent Show which is open to all I thought you would be interested in one of serious enough, and the evidence that youth, seven to seventeen. The booking pre­ the foremost impressions that has been left requisite is none other than a desire to have with the City Council. From the day of the has thus far been revealed against him is substantial enough, that a majority of fun! Any and all forms of talent-from dance disestablishment announcement we have re­ to drama and from songs to spoons. So come ceived more attention and cooperation from the American people do not believe his one-come all-but come soon. It is impor­ the Small Business Administration than all claims of innocence. The only way in tant that you "book" your engagement by the other agencies combined. The direction which we can settle the matter is through· Monday 7 April. This can be done in two we have received has made our job mucb a trial in the Senate, and that requires ways: either call Bonnie Gorman at 524-2555, easier. that Mr. Nixon first be impeached by the or submit your 8ippl1cation to your local We would especially like to thank Dan House of Representatives. Community School, Curtis Hall Youth Re­ Koehler of the Washington Office and locally, source Center, or to ESAC. Charley Fogarty and his team including Ed Concurrently there will be an all day ex­ Migliaccio and Sal DeSimone. These gentle· hibit at the Agassiz of Art Treasures pro­ men have made countless trips to Newport duced by Jamaica Plain Youth throughout to participate in workshops, meetings, and JAMAICA PLAIN YOUTH WEEK the year. Display items will include photog­ individual conferences. Their understanding raphy, canvases, various artifacts and "pop and expertise have been warmly welcomed art". We encourage any and all struggling by the City council and especially by the HON. JOE MOAKLEY artists to submit media material to the art small business community. It is hoped that OF MASSACHUSETTS department of the Youth Week Committee this cooperation will continue as long as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by Wednesday, 9 April. Space can be secured there are small business people in Newport by calling Bonnie at 524-2555. who need your help. Thursday, April 25, 1974 Sincerely yours, Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, a num­ LAWRENCE E. NEWSOME. ber of community organizations in Bos­ ton sponsor the Annual Jamaica Plain IS GRAND JURY SYSTEM IN NEED Youth Week. Mr. Jack Doherty, founder OF OVERHAULING? of the event, has fashioned this into a WHY I BELIEVE RICHARD NIXON genuine opportunity for all concerned SHOULD BE IMPEACHED individuals and organization to serve Ja­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINS'KI maica Plain youngsters. I would like to OF ILLINOIS place in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, are­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. cent article from the Jamaica Plain Trib­ OF CALIFORNIA une describing the preparations for this Thursday, April 25, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES event: Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the use of the grand jury has not only been sub­ Thursday, April 25, 1974 YOUTH WEEK PLANNED APRIL 13-21 The sixth AnnU!lil Jamaica Plain Youth ject to a great deal of discussion as a Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. week wm be held Apr1113-21, and sponsored result of the Watergate-related indict­ Speaker, today, 6 months after President by a number of agencies in the community. ments but the increasing controversy April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11997 over the procedures of the Grand Jury ion. But I do think that a constituent of A REMEMBRANCE prosecutors as related to its use in local mine has some interesting, and perhaps as well as Federal courts. valid, comments which deserve more The Suburbanite Economist, an inde­ than my limited notice. HON. FRANK J. BRASCO pendent newspaper chain serving Chi­ He calls attention to two new styles OF NEW YORK cago and its suburbs, is known for its which he claims run counter to the na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thoughtful and very prudent editorial tional needs at this particular time. One Thursday, April 25, 1974 style. Therefore, I believe its lead edi­ is the "platform" heels and soles of to­ torial of April 7, on this subject merits day's supposedly chic shoes, both men's Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, last Sun­ careful consideration: and women's. The other is the exagger­ day I attended a dedication of an ambu­ lance for use in Israel. The equivalent of Is GRAND JURY SYSTEM• IN NEED OF ated cuffs that have appeared on trousers the Red Cross in Israel is the Red Magen 0VERHAULING? and slacks. Has the purpose of the Grand jury system The superthick shoes, my constituent David, which literally translated is the been perverted? contends, are using up much needed ma­ Red Star of David. That ambulance had This is a question that is the cause of in­ terials for no good economic purpose at a been purchased by the membership of creasing discussion among laymen as well as time of growing scarcities, thus driving the Flatbush Park Jewish Center and the lawyers. prices up and causing concern among Tel Chai Chapter A.R.M.D. in my dis­ When the Grand jury was inserted in our suppliers of leather, rubber, and synthetic trict. . judicial system-England, which provided It was dedicated to the memory of the framework for our government, doesn't materials to say nothing of the glee among commodity speculators. He asks: three young Israelis, Elazar Nahalon, have grand juries-the purpose was to pro­ Yehudah Pakula, and Hanoch Durlacher, vide a buffer between the citizen and tyran­ Why, of all times, must we have these nical officials. Before a person could be strange shoe styles right now? If there were who fell in the defense of their nation brought to trial an impartial panel of citi­ any sense to the situation, then shoe soles in the Yom Kippur War. One of their zens would consider the charges and deter­ and heels these days would have a minimum close comrades made the speech of dedi­ mine if there were sufficient evidence to of depth. One pair of the new shoes must cation, in which he touched upon the justify a trial. This would prevent harass­ take enough material to make two or three memory and inspiration of his three ment of innocent citizens by a prosecutor pairs of ordinary shoes. comrades. In it he simply but eloquently who for personal or political reasons de­ cided to bring charges. The constituent has nothing to say describes them. Now, however, we hear frequent expres­ about the effects of the "platforms" on Rabbi David S. Halpern, the spiritual sions of opinion that the Grand jury is no the wearer, although I have noticed leader of the center, also delivered a longer proving such a barrier, that it is putty claims that, by making one less agile, moving tribute of these brave young men. in the hands of a strong prosecutor and that they could cause falls and injuries. But Each of them was painfully young, the publicity resulting from an indictment this is for hospital reports to determine. deeply motivated and earnestly selfless leaves an indelible impression among the in love O·f country and desire to serve. general public that the accused is guilty, re­ The heavy consumption of materials is, however, obvious. One need not have served in combat, but gardless of the outcome of the actual trial. insisted on doing so, and as a result met As we hear them, the complaints stem The wide trouser cuff, and also the from the fact that when one appears before "flare'' style which has been in vogue his death. the Grand jury he is not permitted to have for some time, must command millions All represented the unquenchable spir­ a lawyer present to counsel him, he can an­ of extra yards of material and be re­ it which motivates the people of Israel. swer only the questions put to him and may sponsible, in large part, for the strain All perished for an ideal they believed not offer information in his behalf unless in: the inviolability and viability of their permitted to do so. This gives the prosecutor on our cotton crop and synthetic produc­ tion. Why have these fashions bobbed land of Israel. wide leeway in asking damaging questions Their sacrifice and how it was describ­ of the "when did you quit beating your up now? Is there a plot involved to dis­ wife?" nature. tress further the hard-pressed American ed by their friend, Binyamin Ben-Yitz­ In fact, it is becoming not uncommon for economy? chak, is worth sharing with other mem­ lawyers to advise their clients to "take the The answers are not easy to find, as a bers of this body. I include it here. fifth" instead of appear before the Grand rule, there is little commonsense in the SPEECH OF DEDICATION jury. They believe the cards are so stacked world of fashion or in what the fashion (By Rabbi DavidS. Halpern) against the person being investigated that Today we are gathered here to dedicate an they are better off to risk the onus that market will accept. Styles change, some­ times on whim, and what was in favor ambulance to the Red Magen David. The comes from refusing to testify. Thus, it is ambulance will be inscribed with the names: apparently a matter of opinion whether one one season becomes an outmoded thing Elazar Nahalon, Yehudah Pakula, and H.an­ suffers more from an actual indictment or the next, and there appears to be no set och Durlacher, three boys who lived in Kib­ from taking advantage of the fifth admend­ rule by which the transformations are butz S'Deh Eliyahu and gave their lives ment, which permits refusal to answer ques­ planned, or in which they take place. So during the Yom Kippur War. I will tell you tions -on the grounds of possible self-incrim­ ination. it is not surprising that we find, as we do a bit about each one. now, scarce materials being used up for I went to school with Hanoch; he was in That such opinions exist, in whatever small no reasonable purpose. And there is my cLass. We were very close, and his loss degree, are cause for a speed-up of studies was hard on me. Although a mine injury underway to improve the Grand jury system. nothing, of course, that can be done about it except to meet the higher costs lowered his Inilitary profile after the six day When citizens who wish only to speak the war, he worked hard and dedicated himself truth are deterred from doing so because of which such violation of economics brings to remaining an omcer in the Army. When a fear that they will be badgered and denied about. the Yom Kippur War broke out, Hanoch was an opportunity to properly defend them­ However, there is one consoling not required to take part in combat, but he selves, there is something wrong with our thought which my constituent, a trou­ remained in the fight. He died on Simchat judicial system and it should be corrected. bled man, has not experienced, or so I Torah, and like Moshe Rabanu, on his birth­ believe. If materials do get shorter and day. Just before his death, he had promised shorter in supply and costs higher and his fellow soldiers that he would return to finish the Hakafot, with a Torah taken THE THICKER SOLES higher, the owner of "platform" shoes from the new settlement of Ramat Magshim­ will be in good position to walk out of im, but he never did ... the consequences. It will be years before Elazar was younger than I. He was a he or she will need half soles and new close friend of my brother, Rafael. He was a HON. JOSEPHM. GAYDOS heels. And, too, the wider cuffs on pants pilot and at the time of his death, was re­ OF PENNSYLVANIA could provide, if needed, a ready source turning with a helicopter full of wounded IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of patch materials for worn-out seats. soldiers, but they, too, never returned ••• I never met Yehuda, but he represented Thursday, April 25, 1974 So I am not too concerned about all this except to enter, for the record, a plea the soul of Israel. He was not Israeli born, Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, I realize but was born and raised in Melbourne, Aus­ for the style-setters to be more aware tr.a.Iia. He came to the Kibbutz mpa.n just that, as a political person, I am treading than they seem to be of the overall eco­ three years ago, and decided to remain and on perilous grounds in the field of fash- nomic condition. join the Army. He was killed on the Suez 11998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974 Canal on the very first day of the war. When tion has recently estimated that the cost ter war of 1939-40, it preserved its independ­ his parents learned of his death in Australia, of driving has climbed to . Diocletian's edict: "After the many oppres­ 10. Encourage and publicize the partici­ We prefer to sponsor teaching teams of sions 2 which he had put in practice had pation of international federation repre­ coaches and athletes who can work together brought a general dearth upon the empire, he sentatives at sports events to dramatize the with their international counterparts :mther then set himself to regulate the prices of all universality of sports and its contribution to than competitions which can create aggres­ vendible things. There was much bloodshed international understanding. sive or hostile feelings. To the extent we upon very slight and tri:tllng accounts; and 11. Assist other nations as requested in sponsor international competitive activities, the people brought provisions no more to building their counterpart. sports .organiza­ we prefer to do so in those sports less likely markets, since they could not get a reason-. tions to ensure ongoing interchange. to produce confrontation. We prefer to en­ able price for them; and this increased the 12. Provide home hospitality, in coopera­ courage and carry out programs which re­ dearth so much that at last, after many had t.ion with community organizations, for in­ sult in two-way interchange and dialogue. died by it, the law itself was laid aside." In t ernational sports visitors to the United a word, Rome starve~. _ We endeavor to carry out an evenhanded In the year 1971 A.D., . eleven days after States. policy with respect to the private sports or­ promising that he would never impose wage­ We receive inquiries occasionally about ganizations in the United States. We coop­ State Department policies or guidelines con­ price controls,• the ~mperor Richard called a erate appropriately with all groups contrib· press conference to announce that he had cerning sports. One of our most important uting to international mutual understand­ policies with re-spect to international sports ing. The inter-organizational jurisdictional is t o encourage and assist while at the same disputes on occasion create difficulty for the F1ootnotes at end of article. April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12009 issued an edict imposing controls on most 99 percent of the world's widgets or gold or fulfilled with your money, and they will all prices and wages.4 quail eggs.111 help keep the energy crisis going and politi­ Did general wage and price controls, en­ Shortages occur only when prices are fixed cians employed. forced by the Internal Revenue Service,s stop at a level below what the market says they Here is a sample of the prevailing political inflation? Not exactly. Two years later the should be. Naturally, more buyers want to rhetoric: (Washington-AP)-"Proposals to historian Timothy observed that Richard's buy at these bargain prices, but fewer sellers lift price controls from natural gas could edict had brought a general dearth upon the are w11ling to sell. There is not enough sup­ cost consumers an extra $18 billion annually empire. Among the goods reported in short ply to meet demand at the government-fixed in increased fuel costs, Representative Les supply after the imposition of controls were: price, and that is what we call a shortage. Aspin (D.-Wis.) said yesterday. He said that wheat, beef, corn, soybeans, fish, pork, milk, Competition eliminates the possibility of natural gas deregulation 'amounts to nothing cheese, bacon, chickens, turkeys, salmon, rai­ fixing prices in the open market--regardless less than a multibillion-dollar profit grab sins, potatoes, dried fruit, mayonnaise, cat­ of what you may have heard about monopo­ by giant oil companies.... " sup, peaches, marg .r!ne, canned vegetables, lists, profiteers, price collusions, or sharpies Representative Aspin is really pitchin' it. canned meats, asparagus, artichokes, lobster, who corner the widget market. To fix prices, The fact is, he and his colleagues have frozen berries, green beans, peas, apricots, you have to destroy the market--overrule the already grabbed the $18 billion, and a lot Spam, cooking oil, baked beans, potato chips, continuous bargaining by millions of traders more, with inflation. Every new dollar the onions, quail eggs, trutHes, prawns, turtle that keeps the goods moving by adjusting federal government creates is a dollar stolen meat, pitted cherries, capers, juniper berries, prices. It takes power and a lot of it to thwart out of the economy. You and I have to cover king crab, frogs, ea.rthworms, lumber, paper, these millions of traders and enforce fixed these losses by paying higher consumer steel, horses, JY'ules, copper, pet food, business prices.u The only force strong enough to do prices.17 forms, cow gallstones, cement, aluminum, it is the law-pollee power. Government and Deregulating, freeing the market from the machine tools, heavy machinery, plastics, de­ only government has the power to fix prices politicians' stranglehold, would make gaso­ tergents, fertilizers, hay, drill pipe, coal, hy­ and cause shortages. line, fuel oil, and natural gas available again droelectric !)Ower, and a large number of Now we have pinned down the two prin­ in plentiful supply. You would be able to parts, supplies, and minerals for business and cipal causes of the energy crisis: government buy "your share"-all you want and can industry.6 And, of course, petroleum-the en­ counterfeiting (inflation) and government afford. You would indeed have to pay more ergy crisis.... and the people brought provi­ price fixing. The first debases the currency for it: not because the giant oil companies sions no more to market since they could not and causes commodity prices to rise; the sec­ are ripping you off, but because the govern­ get a reasonable price for them. ond foolishly attempts to suppress these ment is. The value of the dollar has been There seem to be a great number of people price rises by force, and only succeeds in falling since 1862.18 who don't know what is causing the energy keeping goods off the market. Massive gov­ But lifting wage-price controls would also crisis. I am not one of them, and if you ernment regulation of oil and related indus­ mean less power and wealth for politicians, are, you did not read our little history lesson tries makes matters a lot worse, but that and they won't permit it. Politicians have with your thinking-cap on. need not be discussed hereY; been playing these games for millennia as Shortages are a novelty in this land of To sum up: there is an energy crisis, but we have seen, and they have invented an plenty. Understandably, many people blame it is strictly artificial and man-made. It is awful lot of ways to perpetuate and cover up the oil companies, or greedy capitalists, or caused by Emperor Richard's policies. It the wholesale larceny that is the standard of them damn Arabs for the energy crisis. Pos­ could be cured overnight by reversing those excellence in their profession. The race has sibly so, if we were only short of oil. But we policies and letting the market function. been on ever since King Glogg discovered he need another sort of explanation for short­ The emperor Richard knows all this. He could take your money-without the risk of ages of many different goods at once. TJlem knows he caused the oil shortage, and he getting clubbed-by calling it taxation. Since Arabs can stop selling oil to the United knows he could end it tomorrow. Yet he that sorry day, politicians have invented in­ States, but they can't cause shortages of beef, does not do so. He believes his policies should direct taxes (taxes hidden in the price of or coal or quail eggs. remain in effect even if it causes the public goods), progressive taxes, inflation-counter­ A shortage means not enough supply to ·inconvenience and hardship. The energy feiting (a tax on capital), tax withholding meet demand. When there is one shortage, crisis, you see, is not a crisis at all. It is otH­ (so you won't notice), and other refinements. the problem is not enough supply ·(dried up 'cial U.S: government policy. They have also invented national emergen­ weils or Arabs-) . When there are many short­ Why? Why does the government persist in cies, wars, austerity programs, rationing, and ages, the problem in common is too much policies it knows to be harmful to the pub­ such to force you to lower your standard of demand (a dollar blizzard) . In other words, lic? Why is it an article of faith among po­ living to what it should be after they've apart from the Arab oil embargo,7- the oil liticians of both parties to keep oil prices cleaned you out. No sacrifice you can make shortages has little or nothing to do with fixed at artificially low levels, even though is too great to keep this noble enterprise the oil industry,s and everything to do with it causes shortages? These can be vexing afioat. So turn down your thermostat, drive the surplus of dollars. We may conclude questions if you trust politicians and believe at 55 mph, stop visiting grandma on Sun­ Without doubt that the energy crisis orig­ the government is benevolent. days, and stop bitching about it. inated in the money factories of Washington, Such questions are less troublesome if you The price of a commodity, not bureau­ D.C. The principal villain is inflation. assume, realistically, that the principal busi­ crats, should tell you how to use it. If the In:fiation alone, however, does not cause ness of the government is looking after the price is low, you use it freely. If it is high, shortages, at least not right away.9 It robs government, i.e., the care and feeding of pol­ you have to conserve. By lifting controls widows and orphans, damages contracts, in­ iticians. Its policies are therefore shaped and letting the dollar sink, the government vites mismanagement, undermines morality not by what is good for the public, but by would automatically promote the conser­ (yes, it does), encourages shoddy merchan­ what is necessary to stay in power. Call this vation of scarce energy. In the face of high dise, raises hell with the economy, causes cynicism if you want to, but it also helps to petroleum prices, people would turn down depressions,- and makes politicians wealthy, observe that the government is in business their thermostats, drive slower, form car but that is another story. to fight miseries, not to cure them. If it cured pools, and so on without being told by What we need to know here is that infla­ our miseries, it would be out of a job. Since Washington, D.C. By retaining controls, the tion is an ~crease (an inflating)- in the the job pays more than $450,000,000,000 a government is actually encouraging fuel money supply-legal counterfeiting. The year (federal, state, and local)-with superb wastage. And the. next step, gasoline ration­ more money (or anything) there is in circu­ prospects for advancement--few of our ing, is much more wasteful. lation, the less it is worth. So, as the govern­ miseries are likely to be cured by politicians. You may as well get used to it all. So ment money factories keep producing more Indeed, politicians welcome and occasionally long as infiation and wage-price controls re­ money,1o the price of the dollar goes down contrive new miseries for the public, since main the operative federal policy, there w111 and down, meaning that the dollar price of they can increase their wealth, prestige, . and be general shortages, including of course the beef and coal and everything else goes up power by promising to "fight" this new evil. "energy crisis." How long this wlll go on, I and up. When prices rise, tempers rise. As Emperor Richard's "fight" against inflation don't know. But look what happened to Dio­ things get worse, the government promises to seems to be along these lines. cletian's Rome. "fight in:fiation," 11 and the stage is set for In my opinion, the government persists FOOTNOTES the emperor to call his press conference. in its "energy crisis" policies because it is 1 Politicians always blame the greedy and Shortages never occur in the free market politically expedient. Gasoline and fuel oil the profiteers when the public refuses to ac­ because prices can (and do) :fluctuate to prices affect almost everybody. Low prices cept debauched currency at its face value; reflect changes in the supply and demand. are more popular than high prices. There­ and as you can see, they have been doing it When there is a greater demand for widgets, fore, the politicians promise to fight for low for millennia. Actually, the statement can be either 1) widget makers will make more prices. They argue that lifting price controls widgets to satisfy the demand, or 2) the price would send gasoline prices out of reach of taken at face value referring to the greed of of widgets w111 rise and demand will fall the poor-and after all, the poor are just as Diocletian and his predecessors who had, over until supply and demand are again in bal­ entitled to buy gasoline as the rich 1&. They two centuries, debased the Roman denarius ance and trading resumes. In either case, promise to develop new sources of oil. And from nearly pure silver to 99.98 percent base supply is sufficient to meet demand at the if the shortage persists, they still promise metal-in effect, the denarius was inflated market price and there is no shortage.12 You that everyone will get his "fair share" by­ to 1/4700 its former value. Here is what the could not cause a shortage even if Uncle "reluctantly" of course-imposing gasoline Second Continental Congress had to say in Howard left you enough money to buy up rationing. Every one of the promises will be November 1776, five months after it began 12010 EXTENSIONS OE REMARKS April 2.5, 1974 issuing worthless paper "Continentals" to fi­ ment and its economic interventions the way The easiest way_ to detect a freshperson nance the Revolutionary War: " ... any per­ grackles follow a horse pecking . at the ma­ around the halls of Congress is to see which son who shall hereafter be so lost to all virtue nure. ~ffices still have lights on after 6 p.m. Fresh­ and regard for his country as to refuse to 15 Government regulation. tend to cause in­ persons are those who still haven't learned receive said bills in payment, or obstruct and dustrial senility, hamper production, and a fundamental Congressional maxim that discourage the currency or circulation create privilege and monopoly; · and in all was succinctly explaiiled to me by a senior thereof . . . shall be deemed . . . an enemy of cases it causes prices to rise. Somebody has member: "The way you get along is. to do his country." to pay for everything the regulators order, the minimum." ~ Lactantius is referring to the welfare state, and it turns out to be you and I. I started The second characteristic is a singular re­ re~kless inflation, and crushing taxes. Nowa­ to do a list of the government's regulatory luctance to accept the ancient wisdom that days, we call these "progress," not "oppres­ attentions to the petroleum industry: all you can't accomplish a thing in Congress sions." the way from the Santa Barbara channel until you have years of seniority under your 3 When the Administration later promised and the North Slope oilfields to your empty belt (and pushing out your stomach), or a there would be no gasoline rationing, the na­ gas tank. After the list got to be three pages committee chairrr.anship to crown your head tion's supply of gas cans sold out in a 'few long, I was too ill to continue, and resolved with grey. days. never to make it public. All this regulatory So, freshperson power comes about when 1 "The lesson that government price fix­ meddling was justified in the first place by people follow the maxims they were taught ing doesn't work is never lea1·ned"-Richard the argument that it would prevent eco­ in elementary school: hard work and using M. Nixon, 1956. nomic crises. You can see how well it pre­ your head will get results. " A police agency. vented the energy crisis. Let me give you a good example of how a 0 I am not making this up. In the interests 16 The learned say that present oil short­ freshperson operates. When, in February of even-banded justice, I can also report that ages translate into gasoline prices of no more 1973, the President of the United States an­ those goods reported in plentiful supply over than 55-70 cents per gallon. The poor, like nounces a massive bombing of Cambodia, the same period were: sunflower seeds, paper the rest of us, could conserve and buy less. your first reaction after shock and dismay money, taxes, and political rhetoric. It seems absurd to argue that they could not is to pull out your Constitution. (Freshper­ 1 Shutting off, temporarily, between 5 and afford gasoline at such prices, especially if sons, it turns out, have the troublesome 10 percent of our usual supply (published they can afford an automobile. I know from habit of keeping that document handy and figures vary)-not enough to cause serious experience that the argument is false. Sta­ referring to it often.) You search in vain dislocations. tioned in Europe a dozen years ago, I could through the Constitution for any provision s If further evidence is needed, available buy gasoline from the Army, tax free, for 12 authorizing the President to commit U.S: U.S. oil supplies are, in the middle of the cents a gallon, but the Europeans had to pay forces to hostilities without Congressional crisis, at or near record highs. 70-90 cents a gallon; it was sold by the litre. approval. And you come to the inescapable 11 Over the long term, inflation seriously The Europeans were far worse off economi­ conclusion that the bombing is illegaL You damages productive capacity by encouraging cally than American poor are today, but they don't simply rely on the language of the misinvestment. This restricts supply, and managed very well despite an "unaffordable" Constitution. You go back to the debates of will cause shortages if price controls are in price of gasoline. They adjusted to the cir­ the Found:L;.lg Fathers, and you understand effect, or even higher prices if there are no cumstances with small cars, motorcycles, bi­ in very stark terms what they meant ·by the controls. Either way it can prompt politicians cycles, and hitchhiking. system of checks and balances. You realize to declare an emergency and impose controls 17 Theft losses are deductible on federal in­ quickly that the President's claim of uni­ on nonpoliticians. come taxes. It would be interesting to de­ lateral war-making power gives him absolute 10 Unfortunately, nobody throws used money duct inflation as a test case. power over life and death-and you know out with the rest of the garbage. The supply 1s The year honest Abe Lincoln invented that the Founding Fathers never intended keeps growing, and its value sinks accord­ greenbacks. The Supreme Court legalized to concentrate that kind of power in any one ingly. them seventeen years later, notwithstanding person, or even any one branch of govern~ n A classic case of the government's un­ that the framers of the Constitution had ment. You realize the horrible distortion ot fa111ng preference to fight an evil instead of specifically denied to both federal and state budgetary priorities that occurs when a curing it. In this case, the government governments the. power to print paper President, unchecked, can commit tax dol-. solemnly pledges to "fight" inflation when all money. The paper money in your pocket is Iars to a war that he creates, leaving less ot it need do is stop inflating. Don't bother still not constitutional. Come to think of it, the federal budgetary pie for such things as telling your representatives to stop inflating. it's not even money. education, health care, energy research, and They would sooner dishonor their mothers. the like. 12 The market is nonstop bargaining by When you realize too that the legislative buyers and sellers, both seeking the best process can't act in time to stop the war, price they can get. These traders, the experts you don't throw up your hands in despail in supply (what's for sale} and demanq FRESHPERSON POWER and give- up. You don't issue press releases (what people will pay money for) will find or simply make statements on the floor ot the right (mutually agreeable to both) price HON. EUZABETH HOLTZMAN the Congress. You don't do what another to keep the goods moving. Their livelihood Congressional sage suggests-something that depends on it. So long as the traders can OF NEW YORK is "quick and political," but produces no strike a bargain at whatever Rrice they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES results. You do what I did: you search the choose, goods will be readily exchanged and Thursday, April 25, 1974 case law carefully, and you decide that the no shortage will develop. The goods stop mov­ courts have the power to halt an Ulegal ing and shortages (or surpluses) commence Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would Presidential war. And so you go to court. when the price is fixed by law at a point like to share with you and my colleagues You're sure that your case has a good where either buyer or seller refuses to trade. in the House of Representatives a speech chance of winning, although your Congres­ 13 When you try to cause a. shortage by cor­ I gave on April 1, 1974, before the New sional colleagues pooh-pooh it, and your nering the widget market, you will be bid­ supporters wince at your going out on a d.ing against all other widget buyers in the York Women in Communications on limb. world. The higher you raise your bid, the "Freshperson Power": But then the decision comes, and, for the more the other buyers will drop out of the FRESHPERSON POWER first time in history, a court rules that a bidding and order Ajax Patented Widget Sub­ Recent years have seen all kinds ·of people Presidential war is unconstitutional. An in­ stitutes, or go into dry goods. Finally you bid on the outskirts of power flexing their mus ... junction is issued and it actually goes into the price of widgets up to $17,000 a dozen. cles. We hear of black power, senior power, effect for about four hours. Marshall over­ Every garage and attic in the world is ran­ women power, Indian power-to name a few. ruled his decision. You are bouyed and sacked for old widgets to sell to you. You I would like to discuss a new aspect of elated by Douglas' decision, by his willing­ succeed in buying every widget except those this phenomenon-freshman power. Or ness to insist on the Supreme Court's duty owned by that economic hobbyist in Ver­ shouldn't we call it "!reshperson" power? In to restrain illegal Executive action, and by mont and the fine Smithsonian collection. Is these liberated days, the words "freshman" his humanitarian determination to prevent there a. shortage of widgets? At $17,000 a or "freshwoman" would seem too restrictive. any further deaths from occuring as a result dozen? Don't be silly. But more important, "freshperson" carries a of illegal Presidential action. u Politicians' efforts to thwart traders are delightful dual connotation. It implies new­ Unfortunately, Douglas' warning becomes never entirely successful. There are always ness and new approaches, and it also suggests tragically prophetic when mistaken bomb­ some who would rather trade than obey the a wholesome impertinence and impatience. ing-which occurred once the injunction law. This is called, notably by politicians, a The freshperson is not a novel phenome­ was lifted-kUls hundreds of Cambodian al­ black market, it works just like a free mar­ non. But it is one that, unfortunately, has lies. ket, except that black market traders get not received proper political or sociological . You get defeated: You see a Supreme Court much higher profit margins and prices ta attention-yet. Let me explore with you some _racing to shrink from a confrontation with cover the risk of being fined or jailed. This o! the main features of freshperson powe-r. the President--aj:ld, in_so doing, side~teppin~ situation is taiior-made for the enterpre­ 1 hope I won't ·be accused of being too un­ its own procedural regulations. But you also neurs of the Mob, who live outside the law scienttftc if I pick myself-a rather unran• have a victory-a landmark Court decision anyway. Thus criminals follow the govern- dom selection-as an example. and the education of the American public April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12011 not only about political courage, but also himself so as to be impeached-and many planning or edict. It was the result of an­ about the constitutional restraints on Presi­ freshpersons are innocent in that way-you other simple word. That word was profit. dential war-making authority. say when committee assignments come up, Our incentive-oriented system offered re­ Freshperson power also depends on the as I did, that you don't wan't to be on the wards in the form of profits. And profits adage ignorance is bliss-you remain obliv­ Judiciary Committee because that's not benefited all the people of this country by ious to the suggestion that a newcomer where the action is going to be. But the encouraging production of the things they can't, and shouldn't even try to, get a bill older and wiser heads-hardbitten and cyni­ wanted. passed. So when you are faced with the cal-know better and put you on that com­ It's no accident that seven percent of the prospect that a Code of Federal Evidence will mittee. And, so, despite yourself, you find world's people use a third of the world's automatically go into effect you undauntedly yourself in the middle of history. energy. Or, that we have almost 40 percent lobby your colleagues on the Judiciary Com­ What is the moral of this story? (Keep of the world's television sets and almost 45 mittee to enact your bill to stop the Rules. fighting-and I'm addressing each of you percent of the world's motor cars. Or, that The stakes are pretty high-Those rules here tonight when I say this.) we use a third of the world's electricity, or a would have created an official Secrets Doc­ Freshperson power-to be serious about fourth of the world's steel and fly almost trine (and would have permitted a Presi­ this term for a moment-is not limited to 60 percent of the commercial air miles. This dent's claim of Executive privilege to go un­ newcomers. Instead, it is open to anyone is the affluence our incentive economic challenged even in the courts.) The Rules with the willingness to ask hard questions, system has produced. also would have abrogated any newsman's the persistence to avoid the stereotyped roles Now we are in a time of crisis. But the real privilege in federal courts and would have created for you, the courage to challenge crisis is not in infiation or a shortage of undermined state shield laws in the process. dishonesty and arrogance, the compassion energy. These are but two of the symptoms. This audience knows perhaps better than to confront the callousness that assaults The real question is whether enough people anyone else the significant role that a free us, and an impatience with the status quo. understand the system which has provided press and free media have played in expos­ Women especially are newcomers in spirit their good living and the measures which are ing official abuses and corruption-from Wa­ to the establishment of power. We have not eroding it away. tergate and the President on down. So your yet been corrupted by defeat, frustration During recent months the halls of Con­ bill is passed- and the participation in the cynical abuse of gress have reverberated with debate about A freshperson is not only willing to con­ authority. energy supplies and food prices. But all the front the President when he abuses his power The battle for a decent society is there to rhetoric has not put an extra gallon of gas­ and the Supreme Court when it issues bad win. I call on all of you to join me in the oline into any tank or an extra steer into any rules of Evidence; but is also impatient with fight. feedlot. Some of the political solutions have bureaucracy, with red tape trammeling help­ For us as women as for all freshpersons, made it more difficult to do either of these less people in its web. And so you fight ab­ the power is there to shape a truly just and things. surd and inhumane bureaucractic decisions. decent society. The truth is that too many people don't You get the State Department to reverse understand that production is the only cure itself and grant a one-day visa for a visiting for shortages. And, that profit incentives will Latin American scholar to appear at a schol­ increase production if we but give them a ary conference at Queens College. You battle chance to operate. the Treasury Department and Social Security THE CRISIS IS IN UNDERSTANDING Price performs like the governor on a well­ Administration so persistently that they tuned engine. Each shift in price is a signal agree to issue EMERGENCY checks to 7,000 between the producers and consumers. of the most helpless New Yorkers, the pov­ HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE Higher prices flash the message for more erty-stricken elderly and disabled whose OF INDIANA production. Lagging prices are an indication that too much product is going to market. singluar misfortune was that their new SSI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES checks were never delivered to them. They Government price controls are the would have otherwise been relegated to Thursday, April 25, 1974 poUtical panacea which prevents the gov­ starvation and despair for weeks until the ernor from operating. Messages which keep new checks could be delivered. Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, at a supply and demand in balance no longer And, of course, the surest clue to a fresh­ time when the problems of inflation and get through. Then, control advocates blame person is someone who asks the simple recession are weighing heavily on the the incentive enterprise system-never the Question-WHY? minds of the citizens of the United roadblocks they have thrown in the way. For some inexplicable reason, a freshperson States, I think it is time we put in per­ Rationing is no cure for shortages. It never seems to outgrow the obsession with spective these problems and consider the only spreads the misery. That's all it ever asking fundamental questions. So, for ex­ place of private enterprise and its mean­ accomplishes, even when it can be made to ample, when the Secretary of Interior ap­ work. And human nature being what it is, pears at hearings on leasing federally-owned, ing to the people of this country. The fol­ you can't often make it spread the shortages off-shore oil lands, ask him why the govern­ lowing views of Mr. Earl W. McMunn, in an even-handed manner. ment charges a mere 16+2/3 percent royalty for the Ohio Farmer, present the status Our incentive enterprise system is under while some Arab countries are charging a of our situation with decided clarity attack from two kinds of people. Some know 60 percent royalty. The question produces and insight. I would hope my colleagues what they are doing, and others do not. great consternation. And the answer you get, would read and reflect upon Mr. Mc­ Those who know what they are doing include "We have always done it that way." Un­ Munn's ideas as I find them pertinent members of the "radical left." They believe daunted, you ask, "Is there any other justi­ in socialism where the people are directed fication for the figure-economic, business or to the issues at hand: by the heavy hand of government and there political?" The answer is, "No, just history." THE CRISIS Is IN UNDERSTANDING is no freedom to operate your business as Since b1llions of dollars of government give­ (By Earl W. McMunn) you think best. This idea won't sell to free­ aways to the oil companies may be involved, What's bothering you most these days? dom-loving people-so it is disguised under you request the General Accounting Office to Probably inflation and the energy shortage. a variety of misleading labels. investigate government royalty charges. · These are questions which concern people The people who don't know what they When your elderly constituents come to all over the country. Ours is an economy are doing may be more benevolent, but are your District Office to complain that Medi­ which runs on oil. And everyone is hurt by just as dangerous. With friends like these, care keeps cutting back on their reimburse­ inflation. ·you don't need enemies! A political solution ments, and that they are often left with un­ There may be agreement on the questions. ·that wrecks the economy is no help to any­ reimbursed doctors' bills of thousands of dol­ But people in positions of power are poles one. Let's look at a few recent examples: lars, you ask-WHY. You find that last year apart with the answers. There is good reason Little more than a year ago some con­ New York City's Medicare recipients lost for this. The questions we face are largely sumers decided meat was too expensive. $70 million in payments, and you find that economic in nature. But we are trying to Egged on by "consumer advocates" and some two out of three New Yorkers are penalized -apply political answers. elements of the press, they staged the meat while only one out two people in other Economics is simple and easy to under­ boycott. Th'is, in spite of the fact that food states are in the same position. You ask for stand. It's only when we confuse economic was then just about the best buy in the a GAO investigation of this problem. thinking with political expediency that the history of the nation. Both off-shore royalties and Medicare going becomes difficult. And all too often the The idea was to pressure livestock prices problems have been around for years, but solution fails to work. ·downward. What was the result? You know no one seemed to get around to questioning Ours is an economic system built around the answer. Livestock producers got the these matters and finding out what should one simple word. That word is production. message, but not what the agitators had be done to correct them. It is the boundless production of the Ameri­ intended. The message was that consumers can private enterprise system which has weren't willing to pay an incentive to get Let me not, however, leave you with the given us the world's highest living standard. increased production. Why produce more, if impression that freshpersons are infallible. Nothing like it has ever succeeded in lifting your product isn't in demand. Producers Sometimes--although rarely-you do make so many people to high levels of a:fll.uence. sent sows carrying unborn pigs for this year's mistakes. If you are innocent enough to Thts production did not come by chance. meat supply to market 1n record numbers. assume that a President will never conduct Neither was it the result of government Supply lines were disrupted. Meat now costs CXX--757-Part 9 12012 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1974 more than it would have cost without the for people. This is why economic illiteracy Indochina, "killing and making homeless boycott. may be our most critical national problem. tens of thousands of innocent civilians in Now we're going through the same thing It can lead to destruction of the system the process." He characterized the war as with energy supplies. It isn't that we are out that has served people so well! being fought simply to prop up South Viet­ of fuel. Remember, we use a third of the namese President Thieu, "a two-bit dicta­ world's total. We'd like to use more, and tor." people have the money to pay for it. The But the senator's most shocking suggestion supply of available money is greater than DEMAGOG VOICE ON VIET VETS was that our POWs be forgotten about. the supply of fuel. That is our trouble. But, Meeting with a group of high school stu­ what do we do? We try to hold down prices, dents in Washington on March 3, 1971, and insist that everyone gets some. Hartke was asked how a get-out-of-Vietnam This accomplishes two things. They are HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE resolution he sponsored related to getting both bad, if we expect to solve our eco­ OF INDIANA our POWs back. He replied: nomic problem. Holding down the price IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I don't know what happens to American stifles production. It also encourages un­ Thursday, April 25, 1974 POWs. How do POWs get to be POWs except necessary use. for having us involved in an undeclared Here's a solution with p-olitical sex ap­ Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, war?" peal. People want cheap fuel, just as they recent public opinion polls show poli­ When a student responded by saying: "We want cheap food, cheap automobiles, and ticians to be held in extremely low es­ just can't leave them there." Hartke asked, everything else. "Let's roll back prices and "Why not?" When the student shot back in give them what they want." It's not until the teem by the American public. I submit disbelief "Why not?" there was an uproar scheme fails that the people realize they that the following article by John D. with another student exclaiming, "Oh my have been duped again. It all goes back to Lofton, Jr., goes a long way toward ex­ God." the simple principle that government has no plaining some of the reasons why. The Hartke then said: "Oh, I know you are wealth to give. Wealth comes only from total lack of respect for our Vietnam shocked, that shocks you. How are you productive work. veterans displayed by the chairman of going to get them back? Are you going to Attempts to help consumers by control­ the Senate Veterans' Committee is indeed go? We've made one attempt," he said, in a ling prices are not new. The idea has been sickening. If .Jur public officials display reference to the unsuccessful raid by U.S. tried by rulers throughout recorded his­ forces on the Son Tay prison camp near tory-always with the same disastrous such demogoguery and total lack of in­ Hanoi. results. tegrity, is it any wonder many of them So, as I say, when people like Sen. Hartke, The Romans tried it more than 1,700 years are held in such low esteem by the Amer­ or Sen. George McGovern wonder why our ago. Emperor Diocletian was famous for at ican people? Vietnam veterans have not been welcomed least two reasons. He attempted to exter­ [From Orlando (Fla.) Sentinel, April 11, home as heroes, they have to look no fur­ minate the Christians. He also tried to con­ 1974] ther than their own speeches about the war. The New York Times has editorialized: trol wages and prices. He failed in both DEMAGOG VOICE ON VIET VETS attempts. "Vietnam was an unpopular war; but that Diocletian issued an edict freezing wages WASHINGTON.-! don't know about you, does not diminish the nation's debt to those and prices. The penalty for any "chiseler" but to me there's something stomach-turn­ who served in it." was death. But the scheme failed, just as it ing about those who did so much to under­ But the Times is wrong. In making the always has done. One historian of the time mine the efforts of our fighting men when war unpopular, those who did so have di­ they were at war in Indochina, to be holler­ wrote: minished the nation's debt to its Vietnam "The people no longer brought provisions ing about the lack of support for these same veterans. And for this they should forever men now that they're home. be ashamed. to market since they could not get a reason­ There's something nauseating about these able price . . . and many died . . . and the people who denounced as criminal and im­ law was laid aside." moral the efforts of over two and a half mil­ Americans deserve better than this. Our lion American servicemen to help an ally PRESIDENT JUST LIKE ANYBODY heritage of abundance was created by pro­ resist Communist aggression, now to be la­ ELSE? duction and profits. Only incredible eco­ menting the fact and wondering why no nomic illiteracy can lead us to fumble away ticker-tape parades have welcomed back our this birthright for a mess of pottage. returned Vietnam veterans. HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL But the temptation to offer political pan­ . Can it really be that those who worked so OF n.LINOIS aceas for economic ills is always with us. hard to misrepresent, lie about and distort IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Often it is almost irresistable. Isn't it the ·the real role of the U.S. in Southeast Asia duty of the government to provide for our do not realize that they are in large part Thursday, April 25, 1974 every need? What about the threats to "get" responsible for the degree of indifference, any Congressman who fails to comply? Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, an edi­ ·skepticism and downright hostility that has torial appearing in the Monday, April22, So we accept continuing doses of unsound greeted our returned vets? economics. Inflation results when the supply Exceptionally sickening has been the per­ 1974 edition of the Peoria Journal Star of money increases faster. than the supply formance· of the chairman of the Senate Vet­ has some rather pointed comments with of goods. Where do we get that extra money? erans Committee, Sen. Vance Hartke. Presid­ respect to the manner in which the The federal government is the major source. ing over a hearing recently, the Indiana President is being treated as we move Government spending is greater than in­ Democrat whipped a group of returned Viet­ along in the seemingly interminable come. Printing press· money makes up the nam vets into a frenzy with raw-meat Watergate investigation. I commend the difference. rhetoric. It's little wonder that our national debt editorial's message to my colleagues and Waving an "Honor Vietnam Veterans" place it in the REcORD at this point: has soared to something like half a trillion bumper sticker, he cried: "A bumper sticker dollars. And it hasn't stopped there. won't pay your tuition. It also won't put any PRESIDENT JUST LIKE ANYBODY ELSE? But the sad truth is that some of the food on the table. You can't eat bumper The President of the United States is a leading spenders are most vocal in deplor­ stickers, can you?" man like other men. Right? He is not above ing the inflation they have helped to create. The vets roared. _the law. Right? He is not entitled to special Their cures-more government spending Hartke is good at this sort of demagoguery. consideration or special treatment. Right? and controls on profits. That's like trying It was he who, as a stalking horse of Endi­ He is answerable and subject to the law to douse a raging fire with gasoline! cott Peabody in the 1972 New Hampshire like anybody else. Right? Recent polls reveal a high degree of disen­ primary, denounced the impoundment of cer­ Then, how come unlike everybody else his chantment with government in general, and tain medical funds, telling a pregnant worn- talks with his lawyers are not confidential, specifically with the performanc~ . of Con­ . an in Exeter: he or his associates can not utmze the Fifth gress. Perhaps the idea is getting around "If you should get rubella and your amendment, rules of evidence do not apply that excess government spending creates in­ baby should have any mental retardation, it when he is under investigation, privacy of flation. That good living is the result of will be Richard Nixon's fault." preliminary investigation before charges are production. And, that you can't get produc­ The great irony is that while he may be made do not apply, he is not entitled to a tion without profits. gung-ho for our vets now that they are home, presumption of innocence until proven Our incentive system is a sturdy creation. while they were 1n Vietnam he did nothing guilty, it is fair to not only discuss the But there is a limit to the abuse it can take. but malign their efforts even going so far case and "try it" in press and public, and it It can be made to founder with large enough as to suggest that our Prisoners of War be is even fair to raise money and stage cam­ doses of political meddling. This is when forgotten and left to rot in their prisons. paigns for his conviction? the advocates of soc~alism will move in with When our men were fighting and dying, Guilty or innocent, the President is not proposals to nationalize one industry after Hartke criticized the U.S. for staying too like other men in that the position he holds another. Always "to protect the people," of long in Vietnam and having "perpetuated is unique, and it exposes him to unique de­ course. It can happen if we fail to under­ too many horrors." Our air and naval forces mands, unique responsibilties, and unique stand the incentive system and what it does he attacked as "devastating" the lands of expenses, as well. April 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12013 Richard Nixon is not entitled to normal mission signlfl.cantly increases communica­ wlll curl your hair. It refers to live tests on protections that apply to all the rest of us. tion and navigational capabUitles. There is human subjects that very nearly ended in That's a fact. also the obvious benefit of over-the-weather disaster, only the rapid restoration of oxygen But he is entitled to some of the special flight. If permitted, most jets could fly above supply prevented permanent brain damage. protections as well as some of the special the tropopause-that invisible line dividing The report states in part: "It must be con­ exposures and disadvantages that also go the turbulent troposphere from the rela­ cluded that the operation of light civil jet with the office. His detractors, however, argue tively stable stratosphere. aircraft to an altitude of 45,000 feet as cur­ it both ways. It is in the stratosphere where, for all rently permitted is, at best, only marginal They have taken advantage of the argu­ practical purposes, the lap·ae rate ceases. And should a decompression occur to the flight ment that he's "like everybody else" when with the exception of convection thrusts of altitude of the aircraft. The body of research that assists in injuring him, and have taken an occasional thunderhead this high sky is indicates it would not be in the best interest advantage of the argument that his is a virtually free from storm conditions. of safety to increase the permissible maxi­ special case not like anyone else when that Those who pilot high performance jets mum flight altitude to 47,000 feet." assists in injuring him. know the tremendous feeling of elation and What happens to the human body when it The Watergate is and was a disgrace.iul comfort and relief when at 40,000 to 41,000 runs out of oxygen-collapse of all con­ affair. feet they burst out of the turbulence and sciousness, the rolling back of the eyes, the Two wrongs don't make a right. condensation of the troposphere into the brain damage-is nothing new. And you don't Much of what we are doing adds disgrace smooth, eternal sunshine or starlight of the have to go to 45,000 feet. Holding a man six to disgrace, and we do not purge ourselves stratosphere. Here, too, with only a few no­ inches under water for three minutes w111 by making a sacrificial goat of the President. table jet stream exceptions, headwinds of produce similar horrors. Moreover, sudden We compound the black page in our his­ any great intensity are seldom incurred. decompression is not a phenomenon unique tory-and we create conditions for which we And last but not least, high altitude fl.ight to high altitudes. The DC-10 over France will get the bill, later. must somehow be a solution to our ever­ suffered a pressure failure below 15,000 feet. It has been said that most of our prob­ increasing traffic problems. It was totally destroyed with a loss of 346 lems were caused and created by past "solu­ It is interesting to note that our air traf­ lives. tions"-and we are now laying by a con­ fic control system requires horizontal sepa­ Before I take further exception, not to the siderable store of future problems that we ration of five miles-yet permits a vertical FAA study's format but to its nonobjective don't really need. separation of less than one half mile. It's al­ conclusions, let me qualify myself as a most as if the system denied the fundamen­ witness. tal fact that the airplane is a three dimen­ Although I'm a member of the Mach 2 sional vehicle. This disparity is heightened Club, I'm not an engineer. Although I'm a FUEL CONSERVATION BENEFITS by the accuracy of conventional OMNI faclli­ rated jet pilot, I'm not a physiologist. Rather, FROM HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHT ties which, before the advent of area naviga­ I base my quallfl.cations for constructive crit­ tion, forced the concentration of traffic into icism on the fact that I belong to a select corridors, leaving vast lateral spaces unoc­ group of individuals who comprise less than HON. GA.RNER E. SHRIVER cupied. two and a half percent of the earth's total OF KANSAS I think it safe to say that virtually all long population. I'm a privileged member of the ranging airline operations are concentrated "Support The World" group. I am a U.S. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in cruising altitudes between 29,000 and 39,- federal income taxpayer, along with 77,000,- Thursday, April 25, 1974 000 feet, leaving open an almost unlimited 000 other Americans. canopy of sky above. It would seem obvious Our membership in this exclusive club is Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, many that aircraft manufacturers who follow man's strictly on an involuntary basis. Very strong, Federal regulations governing aviation dream of improving his capablllty are com­ effective coercive means are used to keep our are often based on policies which may be pelled to explore the potentials of high alti­ dues current. In fact, the dues are so con­ outdated and deserve reevaluation and tude flight. This becomes especially clear if fiscatory that many of us work most of the reappraisal. Mr. Harry B. Combs, presi­ we accept the principle that we are ap­ year for nothing. They let us keep the proaching a speed limit for business aircraft, equivalent of only three or four months of dent of the Gates Learjet Corp., Wich­ at least in the present state of the art. our annual pay checks. ita, Kans., spoke recently to the Society The problems and costs of supersonic flight The American taxpayer individually and of Automotive Engineers 1974 National are so great that for the next two decades collectively is bearing the heaviest financial Business Aircraft Meeting and Engineer­ it is doubtful general aviation wlllinvade the burden of any people in the history of ing Display. Mr. Combs' topic was "Fuel field. civilization. Yet we can be thankful for one Conservation Benefits from High Alti­ True, there has been a great deal of talk thing. As Winston Churchill said, "Democracy tude Flight." He called on the Federal about building business jets in the transonic is the worst possible form of government Aviation Administration to change its range-particularly in the .95 mach regime. except when you compare it with any other." But a hard look at the problem pretty well We can also be thankful that under our stand with respect to high altitude flight shatters this dream. It is far more difficult system we still have the right to criticize our for any civil jet structurally capable of to build an airplane capable of cruising in the government. We pay dearly for this right, so operating at such altitudes. .95 to the 1.2 mach category than it is to let's use it. Under leave to extend my remarks in build a true supersonic aircraft, because some We must also remember that government the RECORD, I wish to include the text of component parts of such an a.lrcraft are always comes after the fact. If it hadn't been Mr. Combs' address which was made in forced within the transonic range to obey for two boys in a bicycle shop in Dayton, Wichita on April 3, 1974: the aerodynamic laws of subsonic speeds Ohio, there wouldn't be an FAA. Somebody and some the laws of supersonic flow. As a had to build an airplane, then along came FUEL CONSERVATION BENEFITS FROM HIGH result, the aircraft becomes neither fish nor the government to tell us how it should be ALTITUDE FLIGHT fowl and ends up an engineering nightmare. built. And how to operate it. And they are (Remarks by Harry B. Combs, president, For this reason, I submit that it will be a still telling us. But industry must take the Gates Learjet Corp.) long time before we cruise in excess of .88 or lead and make something before government Although the fuel problem appears to be .89 mach with any economically viable and steps in to regulate it. So it seems only easing off, I'm sure we all realize the con­ acceptable business jet. We are very near that proper that we have at least a small voice in straints will be with us for a long time to capability now. how the government should regulate the come. For this reason, my subject this morn­ We can, of course, improve ranges by in­ products we create. Because if we don't, there ing seems particularly pertinent to our pres­ creasing our propulsion efficiency or by won't be anything left to regulate. ent and future needs. making provisions for additional fuel, or With this thought in mind, I submit that Since the early experiments in high alti­ both. But if there is a speed constraint we medical evidence alone should not serve as tude, long distance flight of the 1930's, most wlll eventually reach range limits through the rationale for regulatory limitations of of the benefits have been self-evident. Pro­ cabin comfort restrictions. This leaves only aircraft performance capabilities. The truth nounced fuel savings as well as substantial the frontier of altitude where the fuel sav­ of the matter is simply that the report I increases in speed were achieved almost im­ ings alone are so significant that the po­ quoted merely told us only one thing: mediately-first with the geared super­ tential demands vigorous exploration. Let's namely, man cannot survive outside his charged reciprocating engines and later with see how we are progressing. natural environment without adequate life the turboprops, the turbojet, and the fanjet. In August 1972 one business jet manu­ support systems. This we already knew. We Today our engineers estimate that during fac~urer considered increasing the maximum didn't need a lengthy FAA medical sum­ the cruise segment of jet flight, a fuel sav­ flight altitude of its aircraft to 47,000 feet. mary to tell us so. ings of approximately 20 % is achieved for It wrote to FAA, then about a year later I suggest that the government's approach every 5,000 feet of altitude up to 50,000 feet. withdrew its request, reportedly as a result is wrong. I believe that FAA's attitude should This is indeed a very substantial saving and of FAA medical experiments documenting be that manufacturers must prove how flight it alone should cause us to look carefully at the catastrophic consequences of explosive above 45,000 feet can be done safely, not that the possibilities of high altitude operations. decompression. One summary titled "'Phys­ operations at those high altitudes are so Fuel saVings, of course, are not the only iological Considerations for Certification hazardous we should never venture there. It's benefit of altitude. Line of sight radio trans- Of Aircraft For Flight Above 40,000 Feet" estimated that if an aircraft windshield shat- 12014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2.5, 1974 ters at 275 knots it will kill the crew. Should REPRESENTATIVE LESTER L. WOLFF tions and renegotiations of foreign aid loans we limit jet speeds to 275 knots or build a REPORTS TO HIS CONSTITUENTS by requiring the Secretary of State to first windshield that will hold up at much greater gain Congress' concurrence before any agree­ speeds? ments are concluded. It's frightening to think how you might It is incredible to me that in light of our look if you lose all oxygen at 45,000 feet. But HON. LESTER L. WOLFF domestic problems over inflation and sky­ if you lose a wing at 500 feet, you won't look OF NEW YORK rocketing costs, steps are not being taken to, so good either. Should we say don't fly at all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not only bolster our own economy, but to end because if the wing comes off, we'll be dead? this practice of simply wiping out foreign We've known that for a long time. That's Thursday, April 25, 1974 debts to nations that make no effort to co­ why we build wings that won't fail. And if Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, in an effort operate with us in solving some of our diffi­ we intend to fly high, we must build a pres­ culties both here at home and abroad. sure vessel that won't decompress. If it were to keep my constituents informed of the not possible to do this, we would never have legislation on which I am working and WOLFF AIMS TO UPGRADE EDUCATION BENEFITS put a man on the moon. to keep them up-to-date on the progress, FOR VmTNAM VETERANS If we are going to build a pressurized in Washington, of issues that concern The new GI Bill unanimously passed by vehicle it should be built so it will not sud­ Congress marks a breakthrough in this them, I print, at my own expense, a news­ nation's heretofore often myopic treatment denly decompress and its fail-safe capability letter that is sent to every postal patron should be demonstrated at any altitude. It's of Vietnam veterans as it increases the edu ­ a lot like building a bridge. You don't build in the Sixth Congressional District of cation subsistence allowance by 13.6 percent it with another b.ridge underneath. You build New York. Most recently, I wrote to them and extends the benefits eligibility time the first bridge so that it won't fail. about the grievous state of the economy period from eight to ten years. These are In addition to structural strength, we and the skyrocketing cost of living, un­ significant and long overdue improvements, should also demonstrate that duality of pres­ employment, and inflation. I included in but they fall short of what I believe is surization equipment, such as pumps and needed to meet our national commitment to that newsletter the steps I have taken these men who fought so hard and so long inlet and outlet valves and regulators, can in this regard to help alleviate thes•e con­ insure as much consistency of environment in an unpopular war. as say the principle of dual engines or dual ditions and I also wrote to them about I am deeply concerned for the future of the electronics guarantees other forms of flight my most recent efforts on behalf of the hundreds of thousands of Vietnam veterans safety. Vietnam veteran. I am including a copy who for financial reasons are unable to take I submit that the FAA should change its of this newsletter in the hopes that it can advantage of their new Gl Bill simply be­ arbitrary stand with respect to high altitude benefit my distinguished colleagues: cause they cannot meet initial tuition costs. Particularly affected are those vets who live flight or any other type of operational activ· NEWSLETTER in states with high public education costs, ity involving the promise of additional air­ Dear Friend and Constituent, such as New York, where tuition expenses craft capability. I wish I were able to report to you that in­ average well in excess of $750. Instead, the agency should adopt a posi­ flation wa.s waning, that cost of living in­ My comprehensive Vietnam Era Veterans tive constructive attitude of-"Show us that creases and unemployment were diminishing, Educational Benefits Act, co-sponsored now you can make it safe." This is a progressive but I cannot. Our economy will not take a by many members of the Veterans' Affairs approach and one for which I guess I put up turn for the better until this nation balances Committee, of which I am the downstate NY my money when I joined that exclusive tax­ the scales of supply and demand and sees to member, would ease some of these difficulties payers club. it that its domestic needs are met at prices that prevent veterans from gaining a higher ------. the consumer can afford. To do this, we must education. Hearings on this measure are now _curb the vast export programs of oil and agri­ · underway before the full veterans com­ BLACK LUNG CLINIC 1974 cultural products that have resulted in mittee. shortages and the erosion of the American In brief, this measure I have introduced pocketbook at home. · would amend the GI Bill to provide for pay­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON ' I~ my ongoing effort to. combat rising ment by. the Veterans Administration of .OF MARYLAND ~ prices and shortages at the food markets and tuition costs in excess of $400 per school year the attendant hardships and inconveniences IN THE HOUSE QF REPRESENTATIVES to a maximum of $1,000. A second provision being encountered by the housewife in pro­ would permit a veteran to draw his 36-month Thursday, April 25, 1974 viding for the family table (the res"l,llt of . educational subsistence allowance in larger foreign· grain deals, especially with· the Soyiet · amounts over a shorter period of time. (For Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last week I Union and Red China) 1 introduced HR10844, example, if his subsistence allQwance is $220 · joined with the Social Security Adminis- . the Export Priorities Act, to regulate the ex­ a month for 36 months, he could draw $440 tration in holding the second annual port of agricultural commodities and to man- a month for 18 months.) . black lung clinic at the VFW hall in date that minimum carryovers of these com­ It is my firm conviction that we ultimately Lonaconing, Md. The 1-day clinic pro- modities be assured the domestic market be­ must upgrade the benefits we afford our vided former miners and their families fore overseas shipments are made. We must Vietnam veterans to a level that is on par the opportunity to meet with a team of provide food for the American table in suffi­ with the educational opportunities we pro­ specialists to discuss black lung claims cient supply and at reasonable prices before vide World War II veterans. All Americans, I and filing guidance. There are currently we ship abroad. believe, will agree with me that we cannot over 4,000 Allegany and Garrett County My bill, supported in the House by 80 co­ shirk our responsibilty to the Vietnam vet­ residents receiving such benefits, under sponsors, both Democrats and. Republicans, eran and that we must honor our obligation Public Law 92-303. has caused some grain exporters to delay de- by offering him every available opportunity l would like to take this opportunity to liveries of overseas contracts, a move that to attain an enriching and productive life. He commend the dedicated and understand- temporarily has slowed down the projected has earned our gratitude and respect--we th price increase for bread to as much as a dol- ing men and women who assisted e lar a loaf. owe him a chance at tomorrow. claimants at the clinic and who made With these economic problems on the do­ the meeting the success that it was. mestic front, we cannot afford to permit a These include Mr. Hugh Johnson, Assist- continuation of the cavalier manner in which ant to the Commissioner, Social Security many aspects of ou~ foreign aid program are LEGISLATION DELAY ON INDIAN Administration, and his Baltimore repre- handled. Specifically, 1 refer to the Executive AFFAffiS sentatives at the clinic: Miss Helen Har- agreement with India to forgive $2.2 billion vey and Mr. Larry Ageloff. Representa- . in debts owed the United States by the In­ tives of the Cumberland Social Security dian government. This Executive agreement HON. LLOYD MEEDS Office included the Director, Mr. James was entered into by Ambassador Moynihan OF WASHINGTON Robertson as well as Frank Tomko, and the Indian. government without any Glenn Mueller, and David Linn. The De- prior consultation with Congress, even · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES partment of Labor was represented by though it was Congress that originally au­ Thursday, April 25, 1974 Mr. Frank D 'Marino who aided individ- thorized the selling of food to India at a price Mr. MEEDS. Mr. Speaker, the Indian u?.ls filing for black lung claims for the to be repaid in Indian rupees. first time. I have authored an amendment which was Affairs Subcommittee had announced I know you join me in expressing ap- included in the recently passed Foreign As­ hearings for next Monday and Tuesday, preciation to all these public servants for sistance Act to return to Congress the right April 29 and 30, on two bills of major a job well done. to control any and all settlements, cancella- importance to the Indian community. April 29, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 12015 Hearings were scheduled on April 29 on midst of consideration of H.R. 11500, full committee will meet on Monday House Joint Resolution 881, the Ameri­ the surface mining bill, and we in the and Tuesday on the surface mining bill. can Indian Policy Review Commission, full committee are working diligently I am sorry this will mean delay in and on April 30, on S. 1017, the Indian to get this legislation to the floor as considering what I believe to be progres­ contracting-educational reform bill. Un­ soon as possible. Because of the sched­ sive legislation in the area of Indian af­ fortunately, we have had to cancel those uled Democratic Caucus next Wednes­ fairs. However, these hearings will be meetings. day and Thursday, which will prohibit rescheduled as soon as our schedule per­ The full Interior Committee is in the the full committee from meeting, the mits.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, April 29, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. for 1 minute and to revise and extend tion, the total deficit-the difference be­ Rev. Jack P. Lowndes, Memorial Bap­ his remarks.) tween operating revenues and operating tist Church, Arlington, Va., offered the Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, my expenses-amounts to nearly $2.4 billion. following prayer: colleague from New York (Mr. KocH) This is exactly twice as much as the larg­ has just suggested that we should re­ est "revenue gap" which ever existed in Let every person be subject to the new Federal wage and price controls. I the old Post Office Department-$1.2 governing authorities.-Romans 13: 1. think the exact opposite action is re­ billion in 1970. Our thanks to Thee, 0 God, for the quired. I believe it has been proven that Mr. Speaker, I seriously question that help and guidance of Thy Spirit through the Government cannot manage the vast the Nation can afford this new "self-sup­ the centuries and for Thy presence in our number of daily decisions relating to porting Postal Service." world now. wages and prices in this country and Our thanks to Thee for the land Thou that, in fact, the wage and price control has given us and for those who serve as mechanism has contributed mightily to RESULTS OF QUESTIONNAIRE FROM our leaders. Guide us now through the 29TH DISTRICT OF NEW YORK troubled waters in which we move. For the inflationary impact which we are the Members of this body we pray-the now suffering. (Mr. KING asked and was given per­ House of Representatives of the United Mr. Speaker, the very fact that these mission to address the House for 1 min­ States of America. Keep their consciences consumer prices that the gentleman from ute, to revise and extend his remarks alive, their spirits alert, their minds open, New York mentions have gone up is the and include extraneous matters.) and their bodies able and willing to fol­ direct result of the fact that wage and Mr. KING. Mr. Speaker, in mid-Feb­ low Thy way of love. price controls are being taken off now. ruary I submitted my annual question­ In Thy name. Amen. The unnatural pressures that have built naire to the residents of the 29th Con­ up under those economic controls has gressional District of New York. I have, occurred as a result of those arbitrary to date, received a very heavy response THE JOURNAL lids and controls. Now, the free market­ to this poll and have just received the place is beginning to work again. The tabulated results which I would like to The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ Congress caused the problem when it ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ share with my colleagues. originally instituted wage and price con­ Since more than 20,000 persons re­ ceedings and announces to the House his trols in 1970. approval thereof. sponded to the poll, I believe the ques­ Mr. Speaker, I could not disagree with tionnaire virtually constitute a referen­ Without objection, the Journal stands my colleague more. Evidently, the Com­ approved. mittee on Banking and Currency does not dum of the district, and I have found it There was no objection. to be an excellent antidote to pressure agree with Mr. KocH either, because it mail. voted 21 to 10 to discontinue wage and price controls. Under leave to extend my remarks in MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT the RECORD, I wish to include the tabu­ lated results of my 1974 questionnaire: A message in writing from the Presi­ dent of the United States was communi­ TIDS IS POSTAL REFORM? 1. Do you believe that sufficient proof of cated to the House by Mr. Marks, one of (Mr. GROSS asked and was given per­ wrongdoing by President Ntxon has been his secretaries, who also informed the mission to address the House for 1 min­ presented to warrant impeachment? Yes, House that on April 24, 1974, the Presi­ ute, to revise and extend his remarks and 48%; no52%. dent approved and signed a bill of the include extraneous matter.) 2. Do you favor proposals to finance Presi­ House of the following title: Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, in opposing dential and Congressional election campaigns H.R. 12109. An act to amend the District the so-called Postal Reform Act of 1970, from tax money? Yes, 43%; no, 57%. of Columbia Self-Government and Govern­ I predicted on this floor that the new 3. Do you believe the United States should mental Reorganization Act to clarify the pro­ Postal Service would be self -sustaining­ give Russia and China the same beneficial vision relating to the referendum on the " completely free of deficit-as long as it trade status that non-communist countries issue of the advisory neighborhood councils. has a pipeline out the back door pump­ are given? Yes, 36%; no, 64%. ing up money from the public well." 4. Do you think the Federal government should provide a health insurance program LEAVE OF ABSENCE I am not at all pleased that this prophecy is being fulfilled. to everyone, even if it meant higher taxes? The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes In this fiscal year which ends June 30, Yes, 46%; no 54%. the gentlewoman from Michigan. the Postal Service has already received 5. Do you think Congress should allow Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, I ask appropriations from the Federal Treas­ drilling of oil on the outer continental shelf unanimous consent for leave of absence ury of $1,478 million. Just before Easter (in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic for the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. the House voted a further nest egg of Oceans)? Yes, 86%; no, 14%. DIGGS) through this legislative week, be­ 6. Do you approve of the new farm b111 es­ $230 million. An additional supplemental tablishing a :floor under agricultural prices? cause of illness. of $284 million is being incubated. As­ Yes, 53%; no, 47%. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to suming final action on these two supple­ 7. Should the U.S. impose export controls the request of the gentlewoman from mentals, the Federal Treasury will have on feed grains and other scarce commodities Michigan? pumped nearly $2 billion of Federal tax until our domestic needs are filled? Yes, 95%; There was no objection. revenue into the Postal Service in fiscal no, 5%. 1974. Yet incredible as it may seem, even 8. Should Congress adopt a strictly en­ with this massive Federal payment, the forced limit on total federal spending each WE SHOULD NOT RENEW WAGE AND Postal Service estimates a net operating year? Yes, 85%; no, 15%. PRICE CONTROLS 9. Do you think the President should be loss of $385 million for fiscal 1974. compelled to spend all funds appropriated