Teledyne LeCroy: Verifying & Troubleshooting 4K HDMI & HDBaseT Video Distribution Networks Neal Kendall, Product Marketing Manager, Teledyne LeCroy [email protected] Visit us at: www.quantumdata.com February 2019 Presenter’s Bio
Neal Kendall is Product Marketing Manager for the Teledyne LeCroy quantumdata family of products. He has been employed in the video industry at quantumdata for 15 years. Neal has presented on HDMI protocols at various industry events and has developed video troubleshooting courses used throughout the industry. Visit us at: www.quantumdata.com About Teledyne LeCroy
Teledyne LeCroy is a leading manufacturer of advanced oscilloscopes, protocol analyzers, and other test instruments that verify performance, validate compliance, and debug complex electronic systems quickly and thoroughly. Since its founding in 1964, the Company has focused on incorporating powerful tools into innovative products that enhance "Time-to-Insight". Faster time to insight enables users to rapidly find and fix defects in complex electronic systems, dramatically improving time-to- market for a wide variety of applications and end markets. The quantumdata family of products are developed in the Teledyne LeCroy facility in Elgin, IL. Here the company develops test instruments that help manufacturers bring next-generation video, to market – faster and without interoperability problems. Features include signal emulation, signal analysis, troubleshooting and compliance testing. These instruments are used in product development, certification, manufacturing, installation, and service environments. For more information please visit: www.quantumdata.com About the HDBaseT Alliance
The HDBaseT™ Alliance advances and promotes the adoption of HDBaseT as the global standard for high definition, digital connectivity. Since its founding in 2010 by LG Electronics, Samsung Electronics, Sony Pictures Entertainment, and Valens, the Alliance has brought together the leading names in the professional AV market. The cornerstone of HDBaseT technology is the 5Play™, a feature set that converges uncompressed Ultra-HD digital video, audio, 100BaseT Ethernet, power over cable, various control signals, and USB through a single LAN cable. About the HDBaseT Installer Zone
• A dedicated online portal with resources for installers, integrators and AV professionals • Best practices, case studies, white papers, Installer Expert Program and live forum • ~7,000 registered users, from all over the world • To register : hdbaset.org/installers Topics Covered
. Common Interoperability Problems: Video, Connection Detection, EDID, HDCP, Protocol, Cable. . How to Troubleshoot These Common Interoperability Problems . How the 280 Test Set can help Troubleshoot Common Interoperability Problems. Not easy to get 18G of data through copper.
Common Interoperability Problem Types in Video Distribution
. Physical Layer – Problems with the transmission of high bit rates through the network infrastructure. . Connection Sequence—Hot plug, EDID, HDCP. . Video and Protocol Transmission – Transmission of video, video timing, and video/audio metadata through the network. Simple Network – One Source to One Sink
4K UHD TV
HDMI 4K Source Segment of a Distribution Network – One Source to One Display (Sink)
HDBaseT Projector (Sink)
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI Switch HDMI A/V Processor or Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair Sample Network – Multiple Sources to One Display (Sink)
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI 4K Source 4K UHD TV
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair HDMI Switch Sample Network – One Source to Multiple Sinks
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI Switch HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair Sample Network – Multiple Sources to Multiple Displays (Sinks)
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI 4K Source
HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair
HDMI Switch
HDMI A/V Processor or Receiver Connection Sequence Problems HDCP 2.2 is more complex than HDMI 1.x. Going to get more complex with HDMI 2.1 – Link Training for Fixed Rate Link Protocols Connection Sequence Problems
. Connection sequence—Protocol sequence of events between a source
and sink upon turn-up or connection— HDMI/HDBaseT Cable involves the following functions: . Connection Detection (hot plug) – Connection detection failures result in no HDMI/HDBaseT Source Event(s) HDMI/HDBaseT Sink video & audio condition. +5V . Plug and Play (EDID) – EDID failures result Hot Plug
in incorrect video or audio format. Read EDID Capabilities of Sink Device . Content Protection (HDCP) – HDCP failures typically result in continuous, periodic HDCP Authentication - For content protection flashing video (every 2 seconds). Transmission of Video Stream Connection Sequence Problems – Hot Plug (Connection Detection) Sometimes with active cables using power from the cable and only when operating at the highest power (4K signal) you will see hot plug issues.
Connection Detection Failures – Hot Plug
. HDMI/HDBaseT source provides +5V to sink; sink generates the hot plug assertion voltage. . Hot plug is a signal (voltage level) from an HDMI/HDBaseT sink to an HDMI/HDBaseT source indicating that an HDMI/HDBaseT sink is connected. Source will not output video (or audio) if it does not see a hot plug from the downstream sink or network. . A repeater passes a hot plug pulse (100ms) to an upstream HDMI source device to re-initiate the connection sequence. This must be propagated upstream.
Hot plug voltage comes from the sink and is passed HDBaseT HDMI Source upstream to the source Projector +5V Pin 18
HDMI Switch Hot Plug HDMI A/V Hot Plug Pin 19 Processor or Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair Connection Sequence Problems – EDID Handling Connection Detection Problems – EDID Handling
. EDID is a block of data in an HDMI/HDBaseT sink device (e.g. HDTV, Projector) that informs the source what its audio and video (and other) capabilities are. . Source reads sink’s EDID and outputs the best audio and video it is capable of transmitting that is consistent with the capabilities expressed in the sink’s EDID. . If you are not getting the video or audio formats you are expecting, it is an EDID problem.
HDBaseT Projector EDID is read by the source from the sink over the HDMI Source Display Data Communications (DDC) channel
Read EDID over DDC – Pins 16/17
HDMI Switch EDID HDMI A/V Processor or Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair EDID Handling Problem – AV Receiver EDID Handling
. A/V Receiver has to process the EDID from projector to remove formats it does not support and to insert its audio block.
EDID is read by the source from the sink over the HDBaseT Projector Display Data Communications (DDC) channel HDMI Source
HDMI Switch
Audio Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair EDID Handling Problem – Audio and EDID
UHD TV Over the air HD content UHD TV Video/Audio HDMI Source (Ultra BluRay) Video HDMI Source (Ultra BluRay)
Audio
HDMI Source (Stream) HDMI A/V Receiver HDMI A/V Receiver
A/V Receiver may not support 4K 4:4:4 video May be getting high quality video / audio content over the air
Over the air HD content UHD TV (eARC Tx) UHD TV HDMI Source (Ultra BluRay) Video HDMI Source (Ultra BluRay) Video/Audio Audio HDMI Source A/V (Stream)
HDMI Source (Stream) HDMI A/V Receiver HDMI A/V Receiver or ARC/eARC Soundbar (eARC Rx) audio Streaming source may support 4K 4:4:4 video EDID Handling Problem - Disparity in Displays’ Capabilities
. Problems arise when you have one source to many displays distribution network and the displays have different display resolution capabilities. . Source can only output one video resolution. . Intelligent EDID handling can formulate a new EDID based on the downstream EDIDs such that the best (highest common) format resolution is selected. . EDIDs can be cached to avoid long delays during a reconnect. At first glance, using HDMI as a professional AV display interface would appear to be ill-advised, as its copy protection overlay was never designed with multi-point video and audio signal distribution in mind.
Best to use all the same monitors or at least with the same capabilities
In a peer-to-peer HDMI EDID Handling Problem – Disparity in Display’s Capabilities connection, only one display would be connected as a sink, but multiple sources could be 4K UHD TV connected to that sink either directly or through repeater- equipped devices. This HDMI Source architecture worked very well, as 1080p HD TV the exchange of EDID information and HDCP “keys” was HDMI Switch or Distribution Amp straightforward. HDMI/HDBaseT 720p Extender Pair HD TV While this system may work well for the multi-source, single-sink world of consumers, it is not at all 480p manageable in professional and TV industrial AV channels where the reverse condition is usually found – a single source driving multiple sinks, or displays. Connection Detection – HDCP Authentication Connection Detection – HDCP Authentication
. All the intervening devices must support the HDCP authentication protocol and must perform the HDCP repeater functions. . When there is continuous, periodic flashing video (about every 2 seconds) it is always an HDCP problem. HDCP problems may also be indicated in other ways, e.g. snow, notification. HDCP authentication occurs from the source through the HDBaseT Projector distribution devices to the far end sink (projector) over HDMI Source the Display Data Communications (DDC) channel
HDMI Switch HDMI A/V Processor or Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair Connection Detection – HDCP Authentication
. HDCP 2.2 is much more complex than HDCP 1.4. View HDCP 2.2 webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiTSF6gRMG8&feature=youtu.be The next step is to verify and establish an HDCP connection to all sinks. Using the conventional approach, a repeater within a distribution amplifier or matrix switcher would pass all HDCP keys back to the source. This means the source needs to decipher a different set of keys for each connected display, and if any key is corrupted, no signal will pass to any connected HDCP Authentication Problems – One Source to Multiple Displays display, even if the remaining displays are transmitting valid keys. It’s clear that the distribution amplifier cannot simply repeat . Problems arise when you have one source authenticating with many displays through the connection to each display, as it would with a single, peer- a distribution network and one display fails to authenticate. to-peer HDMI connection. What happens when a non- compliant display is connected? What if a non-compliant . Some distribution equipment authenticate separately on each side; its sink side with source is switched in place of a compliant source? For a conventional distribution amplifier or matrix switcher using a the source and its source side with the connected display. repeater design, this approach became a nightmare. Once . Separate authentication does not allow for key revocation. again, a more practical approach was needed; one that maintains and respects the HDCP overlay while also ensuring the reliable HDMI connection of a matrix of displays. The solution? Make the matrix switcher or distribution amplifier a sink unto itself, thereby ensuring a constant and secure connection to every connected source.
Now, each HDMI output of the distribution amplifier becomes a second source, looking for its own HDCP handshake with a connected display in a peer-to-peer arrangement. Once the secure connection is verified and keys exchanged, video from the actual source is passed through to the display. If any connected display is non-compliant with HDCP, the matrix switcher or DA will not pass video to that display only – all other connected, compliant displays will continue to see video normally without interruption. As new displays are connected to each port on the matrix switcher or DA, the secure connection is simply reestablished during the HDCP key exchange. The copy protection is maintained at all times, on all ports. The issue with repeaters is eliminated, and multiple sources can now be connected as easily as multiple displays. Mention HDCP 2.2 Repeater issues with stream type where HD and SD displays are connected
HDCP Authentication – Network with One Source and Multiple Displays
4K UHD TV
HDMI Source
1080p HD TV
Distribution Amp HDMI/HDBaseT 720p Extender Pair HD TV
480p TV
They would all drop down to 480p and authenticate with HDCP 1.2 They would all authenticate with HDCP 2.2 HDCP 2.2 will not allow distribution devices to authenticate separately source and sink side. The source will send an HDCP 2.2 stream type notice to repeater to disallow 4K content to HDCP 1.x devices.
HDCP Authentication – Network with One Source and Multiple Displays
4K UHD TV
HDMI Source
4K UHD TV
Distribution Amp HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair 4K UHD TV
4K UHD TV Video and Protocol Problems When an HDR TV or Video Projector detects an incoming HDR signal, a brief confirmation indicator should appear on the top left Video and Protocol Problems or right corner of the screen. If you do not see this indicator, or see a displayed message by the TV or source component that states that you need to connect the HDR source to an HDR-compatible TV . Transmitting infoframes such as the AVI, audio and HDR metadata through the network or if a message that states that the incoming signal has been can be troublesome. All intervening devices must pass this metadata through the network. downgraded to 1080p due to the lack of proper HDR detection, . AVI infoframe carries colorimetry (RGB/YCbCr, Color depth, chroma subsampling, etc.) there are ways that you may be able to correct this issue. . All devices must support the transmission of video types, e.g. resolution, YCbCr, deep color, wide color gamut, chroma subsampling, etc. . HDR data has to be passed through by all distribution devices. 4K UHD TV Transmitting metadata through the network has to be HDMI Source passed by each distribution equipment
HDMI Switch
HDMI A/V Processor or HDMI/HDBaseT Receiver Extender Pair Physical Layer Problems Physical Layer Problems - Degraded Video and Pixel Errors
. When there is a physical layer problem, there is either no video or a degraded video, i.e. pixel sparkles or excessive noise. . What causes pixel errors (“sparkles”)? . Intra-pair skew – The loss within one of the TMDS pairs. Typically results for differential lengths of the twisted pair. Closes horizontal axis of the eye diagram. . Physical impairments – Distortion or “smear” of the signal due to attenuation of high frequencies. Skin effect and dielectric loss. Closes vertical axis of the eye diagram. . Diagnosing the precise cause of physical layer problems requires very expensive equipment such as high speed oscilloscopes. . Therefore diagnosing of physical layer problems in the field is accomplished by functional tests, inference and general symptom, i.e. pixel errors (“sparkles”) or intermittent snow or loss of video due to “cliff effect.”
Physical Layer Problems – Bandwidth of UHD TV Signals
. Physical layer problems exacerbated by the higher bandwidths related to 4K resolutions and deep color related to HDR. . Bandwidth of common UHD TV signals. .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 60Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:4:4; (8 bit color) = ~ 17.82G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 60Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:4:4; HDR (10 bit deep color) = ~20.05G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 60Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:2:0; (8 bit color) = ~8.91G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 30Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:4:4; HDR (10 bit deep color) = ~11.14G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 30Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:2:2; HDR (10 bit deep color) = ~8.91G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 60Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:2:2; HDR (10 bit deep color) = ~17.82G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 60Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:4:4; (8 bit color) = ~17.8G .3840x2160p UHD – Frame Rate: 60Hz; Chroma Subsampling: 4:2:0; HDR (10 bit deep color) = ~11.14G Cable Loss - Equalization
. Cables exhibit the characteristics of a low pass filter which is a device that passes the low frequency components of a signal and attenuates the high frequency components. . Equalization acts at the receiver to compensate for the “low pass filter” affects of the cable by adjusting the strength of certain frequencies (typically high frequencies) within a received signal.
HDMI channel characteristics HDMI equalization filter HDMI channel w/ Equalization
0
voltage 1
Low Frequency High Low Frequency High Low Frequency High Lightening example of broadband noise
Cable Loss – Inter-symbol Interference
. A digital pulse is comprised of its “odd harmonic” sine waves. Harmonics are multiples of the fundamental digital signal frequency. If you attenuate the high frequency components, i.e. the high harmonics, (because of bandwidth limitations), the effect is to smear or round the rising and falling edges of the signal. . The result can be inter-symbol interference. Cable Loss – Pre-emphasis
. HDMI transmission uses Pre-Emphasis to boosts the high frequency component (the rising front edge) of a signal at the transmitter. Troubleshooting Principles If it has worked then you know the design is okay. U W example. Replace cables, remove splitters, run a cable along the floor.
Troubleshoot Principles
. Prequalify – Verify components, cables and network devices to avoid the need to troubleshoot. Verify existing components on site and prequalify components, cables and devices that you procure in your lab prior to the installation. . Simplification - Simplify the HDMI / HDBaseT video system to the most simple configuration that still exhibits the symptom. Then note what additional change causes the symptom to go away. . Disable Protocols – Disable HDCP and CEC if possible. For example, enabling and then disabling HDCP will immediately tell you if the problem is related to HDCP. . History - Determine if the HDMI / HDBaseT system has ever worked. If so what changed? Take careful notes. Make one change at a time to limit the variables to only one. Troubleshooting Process
. Substitution – Use test equipment or known-good A/V devices to substitute for suspect network Substitution devices. . Emulation – Use test equipment to emulate a variety of device types (source and sink) and device behaviors. . Segmentation – Place test equipment or known- Emulation good A/V devices at various points in the network working either upstream or downstream until the problem disappears. Then reverse the process going in the other direction to confirm. . Diagnostics – Run diagnostic tests on network Diagnosing devices, cables and A/V components while emulating a source or sink. Disable HDCP - U W example.
Verify and Troubleshoot a Video Network Downstream
. Use video generator to verify video transmission through the network from upstream. . Place video generator at source end to emulate an HDMI 4K video source or HDBaseT output to send various video resolutions, bit depth settings, colorimetry, sampling, etc. . Verify the hot plug detect and EDID contents through the downstream network. . Send HDCP 2.2 Move video generator to various points in the HDBaseT Projector or 1.4 stream. network to determine problem component or cable . Disable HDCP. Video Generator . Send (HDR) high dynamic range. HDMI Switch HDMI A/V Processor or Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair 280G Video Generator – Sample Screens 280G Video Generator – More Sample Screens Verify and Troubleshoot a Video Network Upstream
. Use video analyzer to verify video transmission through the network from downstream. . Video analyzer is placed at display end to emulate an HDMI 4K video display or HDBaseT input to verify various video resolutions, bit depth settings, colorimetry, sampling etc. . Verify the +5V and emulate an EDID to verify that the upstream network is passing it Emulate through to the source properly. 1080p HD TV . Verify HDCP 2.2 Move video analyzer to various points in the EDIDs network to determine problem component or cable Video or 1.4 stream. HDMI UHD Source Analyzer
HDMI HDMI A/V Switch Processor Run a cable or Receiver HDMI/HDBaseT along the Extender Pair floor 280A Video Analyzer - Sample Screens Verify/Troubleshoot a Video Network End-to-End w/ Analyzer & Generator
. Use video generator at the source end and video analyzer at the display end. . Verify 4K UHD video, audio, EDID, HDCP, high dynamic range (HDR) and hot plug end-to-end.
Run end to end video and protocol tests to Video qualify the video distribution network cables and Video Generator components for up to 4K video transmission. Analyzer
HDMI Switch
HDMI/HDBaseT Extender Pair Verify and Troubleshoot Video Network Devices
. Use video generator on output end and video analyzer at the input side. . Verify 4K UHD video, audio, EDID, HDCP, HDR and hot plug devices.
Test HDMI/HDBaseT extender. Generator Test HDMI scaler for EDID, HDCP and serves as HDMI source; Analyzer serves video formats. as HDBaseT receiver. Video Video Video Video Generator Analyzer Generator Analyzer
HDMI A/V Rx/Scaler
Test HDMI switch and HDMI cables for EDID, HDCP and video formats.
Video Video Generator Analyzer
HDMI/HDBaseT Switch Verify and Troubleshoot Video Network Cables
. Use video generator on output end and video analyzer at the input side. . Verify 4K UHD video, audio, EDID, HDCP, high dynamic range (HDR) and hot plug through cables.
Verify HDBaseT Verify HDMI cable runs. Cat network cable runs.
Video Video Generator Generator
Video Video Analyzer Analyzer 280G Video Generator – Cable Test Screens 280G Video Generator – Test Reports Replace cables, remove splitters, run a cable along the floor. If it has worked then you know the design is okay.
Problem Resolution
. Resolving an HDMI / HDBaseT problem usually requires some physical change to the network: . Swap components – Replace components or remove components if possible. Sometimes you can remove a component, e.g. a video scaler or processor. . Swap or re-terminate cables – Replace HDMI cables, re-terminate or re-run HDBaseT cables. . Swap ports on components - Swap connections on input or output ports on distribution devices or source and sink components. . Power down/Power up System - Turn down the system and repower from sink to source and then repeat but repower from source to sink. . Component Configuration – Example, reconfigure EDIDs on distribution equipment such as distribution amps and switches. Verify and Troubleshoot Video Network Cables
Goal is to… • Reduce callbacks. • Reduce time on site. • Eliminate extraneous truck rolls. • Verify network devices, cables and entire network designs in your lab.
Teledyne LeCroy – quantumdata 280 Test Set www.quantumdata.com/280.html Thank you for your attention. Questions? Neal Kendall, Product Marketing Manager, Teledyne LeCroy [email protected] Come see us in the HDBaseT Alliance Booth at Infocomm 2019
Visit us at: https://www.quantumdata.com/280.html