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Digital File Formats to Consider When Reformatting Videotapes: Part 4

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Digital File Formats to Consider When Reformatting Videotapes: Part 4 Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative Digital File Formats for Videotape Reformatting Part 4. Detailed Matrix for Encodings (multi-page) This document presents the information on multiple, easily printable pages. Part 3 provides the same information in a unified table to facilitate comparisons. December 2, 2014 The FADGI Audio-Visual Working Group http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/audio-visual/ Digital File Formats to Consider When Reformatting Videotapes: Part 4. Detailed Matrix for Wrappers (multi-page) Contents What is this document? ................................................................................................................... 3 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Disclosure ........................................................................ 4 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Adoption .......................................................................... 5 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Transparency ................................................................... 6 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Self-Documentation ......................................................... 7 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Native Embedded Metadata Capabilities ........................ 8 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Impact of Patents ........................................................... 10 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Technical Protection Mechanisms ................................. 11 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Cost Factors: Implementations costs ............................. 12 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Cost Factors: Cost of Software ...................................... 13 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Cost Factors: Cost of Hardware .................................... 14 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Cost Factors: Storage Cost ............................................ 15 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Cost Factors: Network Cost........................................... 16 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Level of difficulty/complexity to implement ................................................................................................................................. 17 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Technical Complexity ................................... 18 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Availability of Tools for: Rendering/playback and Editing ................................................................................................... 19 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Availability of Tools for: ............................... 20 Metadata extraction and Metadata embedding ............................................................................. 20 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Availability of Tools for: ............................... 21 Transcoding................................................................................................................................... 21 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Availability of Tools to: ................................ 22 Measure Compliance with Institutional Specifications ................................................................ 22 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Availability Tools to:..................................... 23 Tools to Evaluate and Monitor Content Quality ........................................................................... 23 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Ease and Accuracy of Format Identification .................................................................................................................... 25 ATTRIBUTES: System Implementation Factors: Ease and Accuracy of Format Validation ......................................................................................................................... 26 ATTRIBUTES: Settings and Capabilities: Clarity ....................................................................... 27 2 ATTRIBUTES: Settings and Capabilities: Bit Depth .................................................................. 28 ATTRIBUTES: Settings and Capabilities: Chroma Subsampling ............................................... 29 ATTRIBUTES: Settings and Capabilities: Audio Channels ........................................................ 30 ATTRIBUTES: Settings and Capabilities: Video Range ............................................................. 31 ATTRIBUTES: Additional Features ............................................................................................ 32 ATTRIBUTES: Timecode ............................................................................................................ 33 ATTRIBUTES: Closed-captioning and Subtitles ......................................................................... 34 ATTRIBUTES: Scan Type and Field Order ................................................................................. 35 ATTRIBUTES: Display Aspect Ratio .......................................................................................... 36 ATTRIBUTES: Multipart Essences ............................................................................................. 37 ATTRIBUTES: Essences Other Than Timed Data ...................................................................... 38 ATTRIBUTES: Fixity Checks ...................................................................................................... 39 What is this document? This is one of five documents that, taken together, compare a variety of digital file formats that are suitable targets for the reformatting of older video materials, generally physical videotapes. The four companion documents are: • Part 1. Detailed Matrix for Wrappers (unified large table) • Part 2. Detailed Matrix for Wrappers (multi-page) • Part 3. Detailed Matrix for Encodings (unified large table) 1 • Part 5: Narrative and Summary Tables 1 The URLs for the four documents are: (1) http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI_VideoReFormatCompare_p1_20141202.pdf (2) http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI_VideoReFormatCompare_p2_20141202.pdf (3) http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI_VideoReFormatCompare_p3_20141202.pdf (5) http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI_VideoReFormatCompare_p5_20141202.pdf 3 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Disclosure • Scoring conventions: Good, Acceptable, Poor • Questions to Consider: Does complete technical documentation exist for this format? Is the format a standard (e.g., ISO)? How stable is the standard? Are source code for associated rendering software, validation tools, and software development kits widely available for this format? Uncompressed Acceptable 4:2:2, 8-bit (UYVY and Some documentation is available. Published standards do not exist for these YUY2) codecs, but documentation is available from multiple sources. Some of the best documentation is brief and available at fourcc.org. Microsoft and Apple also have some documentation available at their websites. SMPTE ST 377 offers some additional information about these encodings. Uncompressed Good 4:2:2, 10-bit (v210) Not a published standard. It is attributed to both QuickTime and AJA. Apple has some documentation on the structure and ordering of components of this format on their Apple Ice Floe site. SMPTE ST 377 also offers some additional information about this encoding. JPEG 2000 - Good Lossless Two sets of disclosure around this format: ISO/IEC 15444-1:2004. Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system -- Part 1: Core coding system (formal name); JPEG 2000 core coding (common name), especially the Broadcast Profiles, and SMPTE ST 422 (although ST 422 is MXF-specific and does not yet specify how to handle interlacing). ffv1 Acceptable Bitstream is fixed and codec is no longer experimental, but documentation remains incomplete. However, there is an organized effort to continue development and documentation of this format. Here is a link to the most recent technical specification: https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFV1/blob/master/ffv1.lyx MPEG-2 - Good 4:2:2 Profile/Main Open published international standard developed by the Moving Picture Level Experts Group. The specification is available for a fee from ISO (ISO/IEC 13818 and ITU-T Rec. H.222 and H.262). The standard focuses on the encodings and the sequence of bits is well-specified. Also, the source code of the software used to create MPEG-2 is available for a fee. 4 ATTRIBUTES: Sustainability Factors: Adoption • Scoring conventions: Wide, Moderate, Low • Questions to Consider: Is this format likely to become obsolete short, medium, or long-term? How widely adopted is the format in the vendor community? Are there user communities/developer communities that are actively discussing the format and its further development? Uncompressed Wide 4:2:2, 8-bit (UYVY and Many cultural heritage institutions use these formats for preservation purposes. YUY2) Vendors also offer good support for the format. The BBC (UYVY) and the National Archives and Records Administration (YUY2) use 8-bit uncompressed codecs for preservation purposes. Uncompressed Wide 4:2:2, 10-bit (v210) Many cultural heritage institutions use these formats for preservation purposes. Vendors also offer good support for the format. JPEG 2000 - Low to Moderate Lossless Some cultural heritage institutions have selected this format for preservation work. Vendors also support it, but sometimes offer their own proprietary flavors instead of the profiles
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