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A PRELIMINARY GRAMMAR of MOK, HWE KOI VARIETY, CHIANG RAI, with SPECIAL FOCUS on the ANAPHORIC USES of Tɤ́ ʔ

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A PRELIMINARY GRAMMAR OF MOK, HWE KOI VARIETY, CHIANG RAI, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE ANAPHORIC USES OF tɤ́ ʔ PHAKAWEE TANNUMSAENG Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS Payap University January 2020 Title: A preliminary grammar of Mok, Hwe Koi variety, Chiang Rai, with special focus on the anaphoric uses of tɤ́ ʔ Researcher: Phakawee Tannumsaeng Degree: Master of Arts in Linguistics Advisor: Assistant Professor Audra Ellen Phillips, Ph.D. Approval Date: 21 January 2020 Institution: Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand The members of the thesis examination committee: 1. _________________________________ Committee Chair (Associate Professor Saranya Savetamalya, Ph.D.) 2. _________________________________ Committee Member (Assistant Professor Audra Ellen Phillips, Ph.D.) 3. _________________________________ Committee Member (Sigrid Lew, Ph.D.) Copyright © Phakawee Tannumsaeng Payap University, 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I am deeply thankful to my God, the Lord Jesus Christ, for His grace, wisdom, and strength, which sustains me through the studying thoughout the years. Also, I give thanks to Him for allowing me the opportunity and privilege of studying linguistics. I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis advisor Assistant Professor Dr. Audra Ellen Phillips for her willingness to take on this thesis and for her advice, encouragement, and time throughout the whole thesis-writing process. I would like to thank you to all the teachers in Linguistics Department for all their teachings and trainings along the way. Especially, I am grateful for Assistant Professor Dr. Thomas Tehan who taught the grammar course and blessed me. I would also like to thank Dr. Jason Diller for encouragement during my work on the thesis. I am also thankful to my classmates for their help and also for proof reading my term papers. I also want to extend my thanks to Tim Armstrong and Terry Gibs for assistance with the computer and software support. Thank you to Christina Scotte Hornéy for her great coordinating for students in the department. I would also like to thank my wife, Natthida, for all her support, and for traveling with me during the data collection. Thank you to those who grant me a scholarship and monthly financial support investing in me and giving me the opportunity to study. Most of all I am grateful and appreciate those who remembered me in their prayers. Phakawee Tannumsaeng i Title: A preliminary grammar of Mok, Hwe Koi variety, Chiang Rai, with special focus on the anaphoric uses of tɤ́ ʔ Researcher: Phakawee Tannumsaeng Degree: Master of Arts in Linguistics Advisor: Assistant Professor Audra Ellen Phillips, Ph.D. Approval Date: 21 January 2020 Institution: Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Number of Pages: 84 Keywords: Angkuic, Palaungic, Khasian-Palaungic, Austroasiatic, syntax ABSTRACT This thesis provides a first description of the simple and complex constructions of the Hwe Koi variety of Mok, along with a description of the functions of the unspecified pronoun tɤ́ ʔ. Mok is a member of the Angkuic subgroup of the Palaungic branch of Austroasiatic and spoken in the Shan state of Myanmar and in Chiang Rai province of Thailand. As for data sources, six texts were recorded from native speakers who live in Chiangrai, Thailand. They include three narrative, one procedural, and two expository texts. The Mok structures are similar to the structures of many Austroasiatic languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. The basic word order of the clause is SVO. In a noun phrase, the head noun is optionally preceded by a demonstrative and followed by stative verbs and noun modifiers, classifier phrases, and possessors. The personal pronouns are singular, dual or plural, with no gender distinction. Dynamic verbs fill the predicate slots of intransitive and transitive clauses and stative verbs serve as predicates of stative clauses. Mok has no ditransitive clause constructions. Instead, a two-clause construction is used to handle transfer events. ii As for the Mok complex sentences, this language has no complementizer to introduce a complement clause, while temporal and conditional adverbial clauses are marked by clause-initial subordinators. Additionally, causative constructions are periphrastic. As for the Mok unspecified pronoun tɤ́ ʔ, it has no semantic constraints with respect to person. It is coreferential with its antecedent, which can only be the subject argument of a clause. The coreferential properties of tɤ́ ʔ are either within a clause, between a complement clause and a matrix clause, or between upstairs and downstairs clauses of a causative construction. tɤ́ ʔ can also function as a reflexive pronoun and as a possessor in noun phrases. iii ชื่อเรื่อง: ไวยากรณ์เบื้องต้นภาษาหมอก เหว่ก๋อย จังหวัดเชียงราย พร้อมด้วยหัวข้อเฉพาะเรื่องการใช้ตัวอ้างอิง tɤ́ ʔ ผู้วิจัย: ภควี ตันน าแสง ปริญญา: ศิลปศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต (ภาษาศาสตร์) อาจารย์ที่ปรึกษาวิทยานิพนธ์หลัก: ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ ดร. ออดร้า เอลเล็น ฟิลลิปส์ วันที่อนุมัติผลงาน: 21 มกราคม 2563 สถาบันการศึกษา: มหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ประเทศไทย จ านวนหน้า: 84 ค าส าคัญ: อังกูอิก, ปะหล่องจิก, คาเซียน-ปะหล่องจิก, ออสโตรเอเชียติก, วากยสัมพันธ์ บทคัดย่อ วิทยานิพนธ์นี้จัดเตรียมค าอธิบายเป็นครั้งแรกเกี่ยวกับโครงสร้างอนุประโยคแบบง่ายและโครงสร้างอนุ ประโยคแบบซับซ้อนของภาษาหมอก เหว่ก๋อย เนื้อหายังประกอบด้วยการอธิบายเกี่ยวกับหน้าที่ของสรรพ นามไม่ระบุเจาะจง tɤ́ ʔ หมอกเป็นภาษาหนึ่งของกลุ่มภาษาอังกูอิกของสาขาปะหล่องจิกในตระกูลภาษา ออสโตรเอเชียติก มีการใช้ภาษานี้พูดในรัฐฉาน ประเทศเมียนมาร์ และในจังหวัดเชียงราย ประเทศไทย ส่วน แหล่งข้อมูลที่น ามาใช้ในการวิเคราะห์นั้น มาจากหกเรื่องที่ได้รับการอัดเสียงจากเจ้าของภาษาที่อาศัยอยู่ใน จังหวัดเชียงราย ประเทศไทย ซึ่งประกอบไปด้วยเรื่องแบบเรื่องเล่าสามเรื่อง แบบขั้นตอนหนึ่งเรื่อง และ แบบอธิบายสองเรื่อง โครงสร้างไวยากรณ์ของภาษาหมอกคล้ายคลึงกับโครงสร้างไวยากรณ์ของหลายๆ ภาษาในตระกูลภาษา ออสโตรเอเชียติกที่พูดกันในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้แผ่นดินใหญ่ ในภาษาหมอกล าดับค าของประโยคคือ ภาคประธาน ภาคแสดง และกรรม (SVO) ในนามวลี ค านามหลักสามารถมีค าบอกก าหนดน าหน้าได้ และ สามารถถูกตามด้วยค ากริยาแสดงสภาวะ ค านาม ลักษณะนามวลี และค าแสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ ค าสรรพ นามของภาษาหมอกมีทั้งรูปเอกพจน์ ทวิพจน์ และพหูพจน์ และไม่มีการแยกแยะรูปส าหรับบ่งบอกเพศ ใน ประโยคแบบค ากริยาแสดงอาการ ค ากริยาแสดงอาการจะเติมเต็มในต าแหน่งภาคแสดงของประโยค อกรรมกริยาและประโยคสกรรมกริยา ในขณะที่ประโยคแบบค ากริยาแสดงสภาวะ ค ากริยาแสดงสภาวะจะ เติมเต็มภาคแสดง ภาษาหมอกไม่มีโครงสร้างแบบอนุประโยคที่มีค ากริยาที่ต้องมีทั้งกรรมตรงและกรรมรอง แต่โครงสร้างแบบอนุประโยคสองประโยคจะถูกใช้เพื่อรองรับโครงสร้างประโยคที่มีการถ่ายโอนเหตุการณ์ แทน iv ส่วนประโยคซับซ้อนของภาษาหมอก ภาษานี้ไม่มีตัวบ่งชี้นามานุประโยคที่ใช้เพื่อน านามานุประโยค ขณะที่ วิเศษณานุประโยคบอกเวลาและวิเศษณานุประโยคบอกเงื่อนไขจะมีตัวแนะน าอนุประโยคน าอยู่ข้างหน้า นอกจากนี้ โครงสร้างประโยคแบบ causative เป็นแบบ periphrastic ส่วนสรรพนามไม่ระบุเจาะจง tɤ́ ʔ ของภาษาหมอก ซึ่งไม่มีความจ ากัดทางอรรถศาสตร์ส าหรับบุรุษ สามารถ อ้างอิงไปยังผู้แสดงบทบาทที่ถูกกล่าวขึ้นมาก่อนในบริบท ซึ่งสามารถเป็นได้เพียงแค่ภาคประธานของอนุ ประโยคหนึ่งเท่านั้น คุณสมบัติของระบบการอ้างอิงของ tɤ́ ʔ เกิดขึ้นได้ในขอบเขตภายในอนุประโยคเอง หรือระหว่างนามานุประโยคกับประโยคหลัก หรือระหว่างประโยค upstairs และประโยค downstairs ของ โครงสร้างประโยคแบบ causative tɤ́ ʔ สามารถท าหน้าที่เป็นสรรพนามตนเองและค าแสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ ในนามวลีได้ v TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... i Abstract ..................................................................................................................... ii บทคัดย่อ ..................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................ ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................ x List of Abbreviations and Symbols ............................................................................ xi Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Language background ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 The Mok people ............................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research questions .......................................................................................... 6 1.4 Objectives of the study .................................................................................... 6 1.5 Scope and limitations of the study ................................................................... 6 1.6 Data sources .................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Phonology ....................................................................................................... 7 1.8 Literature review ............................................................................................. 8 1.8.1 Austroasiatic and eastern Austroasiatic literature ..................................... 8 1.8.2 Palaungic literature................................................................................. 10 1.8.3 Angkuic literature ................................................................................... 13 1.9 Contributions and composition of study .......................................................
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    AUSTROASIATIC LANGUAGES Essays in honour of H .L. Shorto Edited by J .H.C.S. Davidson. School of Oriental and African Studies \ University of London I 1991 25 Collected Papers in Oriental and African Studies AUSTROASIATIC LANGUAGES Essays in honour of H. L. Shorto Edited by Jeremy H. C. S. Davidson Formerly Lecturer in Vietnamese School of Oriental and African Studies SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 1991 © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1991 All rights reserved Published by School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Thornhaugh Street Russell Square London WCIH OXG British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Austroasiatic languages: essays in honour of H. L. Shorto - (Collected papers in Oriental and African Studies). I. Davidson, Jeremy H. C. S. (Jeremy Hugh Chauncy Shane) IT. Shorto, H. L. TIT. Series 495 ISBN 0-7286-0183-4 Typeset by PDQ Typesetting, Stoke-on-Trent, England. Printed in England by Hobbs the Printers Ltd., Southampton CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................... vi PREFACE ............................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................... viii H. L. SHORTO: A BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE J. H. C. S. Davidson ....................... 1 PUBLICATIONS OF H. L. SHORTO Helen Cordell ......................................... 3 AUSTRIC: AN 'EXTINCT' PROTO-LANGUAGE Paul K. Benedict ...................
  • The Viêt Peoples and the Origins Of

    The Viêt Peoples and the Origins Of

    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 101 March, 2000 Scripts, Signs, and Swords: the Việt Peoples and the Origins of Nôm by C. Michele Thompson Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. Sinographs (hanzi, also called tetragraphs [fangkuaizi]) and other unusual symbols should be kept to an absolute minimum.
  • The Politics of Language Contact in the Himalayaoffers Nuanced Insights Into Language and Its Rela�On to Power in This Geopoli�Cally Complex Region

    The Politics of Language Contact in the Himalayaoffers Nuanced Insights Into Language and Its Rela�On to Power in This Geopoli�Cally Complex Region

    The Politics of Language S Contact in the Himalaya ONNTAG AND EDITED BY SELMA K. SONNTAG AND MARK TURIN This book brings together linguistic theory and empirical studies addressing human rights, multilingual education, language ecology and endangered languages. It is essential reading T URIN The Politics of for students, practitioners, language activists and scholars working on language planning, multilingual education, endangered languages and language politics. This is indeed an interdisciplinary book that is testimony to why lesser-known languages matter in the Himalaya ( Language Contact and beyond. EDS —Prof. Nirmal Man Tuladhar, Chair, Social Science Baha .) Although this book was written for a specialist audience of advanced scholars and doctoral in the Himalaya students, the authors successfully link these specific cases to broader issues in sociolinguistics, language policy and planning, and political science. Hence this book will be of interest to scholars working on other contexts besides the Himalayan region; I am very pleased to see such a complex and interesting analysis of the politics of language contact. —Prof. James Tollefson, University of Washington The Politics The Contact in the Hima of Language This highly original and �mely collec�on brings together case studies from salient areas of the Himalayan region to explore the poli�cs of language contact. Promo�ng a linguis�cally and historically grounded perspec�ve, The Politics of Language Contact in the Himalayaoffers nuanced insights into language and its rela�on to power in this geopoli�cally complex region. Edited by respected scholars in the field, the collec�on comprises five new research contribu�ons by established and early-career researchers who have been significantly engaged in the Himalayan region.
  • LCSH Section K

    LCSH Section K

    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) K-T boundary Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary USE Kajukenbo K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka-La-Bre-Osh (Game) USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Belote (Game) K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K-theory Kʻa-la-kʻun-lun kung lu (China and Pakistan) UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) [QA612.33] USE Karakoram Highway (China and Pakistan) K9 (Fictitious character) BT Algebraic topology Ka Lae o Kilauea (Hawaii) K 37 (Military aircraft) Homology theory USE Kilauea Point (Hawaii) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) NT Whitehead groups Ka Lang (Vietnamese people) K 98 k (Rifle) K. Tzetnik Award in Holocaust Literature USE Giẻ Triêng (Vietnamese people) USE Mauser K98k rifle UF Ka-Tzetnik Award Ka nanʻʺ (Burmese people) (May Subd Geog) K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 Peras Ḳ. Tseṭniḳ [DS528.2.K2] USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 Peras Ḳatseṭniḳ UF Ka tūʺ (Burmese people) K.A. Lind Honorary Award BT Literary prizes—Israel BT Ethnology—Burma USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris K2 (Pakistan : Mountain) ʾKa nao dialect (May Subd Geog) K.A. Linds hederspris UF Dapsang (Pakistan) BT China—Languages USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Godwin Austen, Mount (Pakistan) Hmong language K-ABC (Intelligence test) Gogir Feng (Pakistan) Ka nō (Burmese people) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Mount Godwin Austen (Pakistan) USE Tha noʹ (Burmese people) K-B Bridge (Palau) BT Mountains—Pakistan Ka Rang (Southeast Asian people) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) Karakoram Range USE Sedang (Southeast Asian people) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K2 (Drug) Kā Roimata o Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test USE Synthetic marijuana USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine K.
  • Diversity, Discontinuity and Asymmetry in the Typological Restructuring of Mainland Southeast Asian Languages

    Diversity, Discontinuity and Asymmetry in the Typological Restructuring of Mainland Southeast Asian Languages

    Paul Sidwell, draft for discussion only (version 15/10/12) 1 Diversity, discontinuity and asymmetry in the typological restructuring of Mainland Southeast Asian languages. Paul Sidwell Australian National University (Canberra) & Centre for Research in Computational Linguistics (Bangkok) 0. Introduction This paper takes as its point of departure the challenge mounted by Post (2011) to the broad characterisation of MSEA languages as falling into “Indospheric” and “Sinospheric” convergence areas, advocated by the likes of Matisoff (1991), Bradley et al. (2003) and others. Post argues that the Indoshpere/Sinosphere wrongly suggests that Indic and Sinitic linguistic influences actually explain the typological divide observed in Mainland southeast Asia, yet on the ground there are languages which although broadly fitting the categories, demonstrably lack the history of pre-historical contact and dominance/subordination relationships implied by the model. While Post proposes a mechanism based on prosodic convergence that does not require extensive bilingualism or other intensive linguistic interaction (extending the insights of Donegan & Stampe 1983, 2004, etc.), his account still falls within the scope of a contact driven model of explanation. In sympathy with Post’s results, I wish to add some more grist for the mill by drawing attention to some examples of restructuring that are arguably inconsistent with their local areal contexts. This is interesting because it challenges us to consider how we can know what role - if any - contact has played. The examples that are discussed below, and many others that could be brought to bear, directly challenge strong claims that are made about Southeast Asia as a linguistics area: ....Mainland Southeast Asia is indeed an internally homogenous linguistics area.