FAMILY Trachipteridae Swainson, 1839 - ribbonfishes [=Ginnatras, Ginnetridi, Trachypteridae] Notes: Ginnatras Rafinesque, 1810a:55 [ref. 3594] (ordine) Argyctius [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Ginnetridi Rafinesque, 1810b:31 [ref. 3595] (ordine) Argyctius [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Trachypteridae Swainson, 1839:47 [ref. 4303] (family) Trachipterus [as Trachypterus, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; also as subfamily Trachypterinae; stem corrected to Trachipter- by Jordan 1923a:166 [ref. 2421], confirmed by Fowler 1958a:4 [ref. 31840], by Walters & Fitch 1960:441 [ref. 4580] and by Harrisson & Palmer 1968:197 [ref. 21242]; family name sometimes seen as Trachypteryidae]

GENUS Desmodema Walters & Fitch, 1960 - ribbonfishes [=Desmodema Walters [V.] & Fitch [J. E.], 1960:446] Notes: [ref. 4580]. Neut. Trachypterus jacksoniensis polystictus Ogilby, 1897. Type by original designation (also monotypic). For purposes of the type species, the subspecies polystictus is elevated to specific rank; type not jacksoniensis. •Valid as Desmodema Walters & Fitch, 1960 -- (Olney 1984:369 [ref. 13656], Heemstra & Kannemeyer 1984:15 [ref. 5349], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:117 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Kannemeyer 1986:400 [ref. 5666], Paxton et al. 1989:399 [ref. 12442], Olney et al. 1993 [ref. 21802], Olney 1999:1974 [ref. 24751], Olney 2003:958 [ref. 27007], Paxton et al. 2006:541 [ref. 28995], Shinohara et al. 2011:40 [ref. 31715]). Current status: Valid as Desmodema Walters & Fitch, 1960. Trachipteridae.

Species Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt & Butler, 1977 - whiptail ribbonfish [=Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Butler [J. L.], 1977:851, Figs. 3-6] Notes: [United States National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Bulletin v. 75 (no. 4); ref. 7281] North Pacific, 29°05'to 03'N, 126°38' to 42'W, depth 0-220 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt & Butler, 1977. Trachipteridae. Distribution: North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898) - polka-dot ribbonfish [=Trachypterus jacksoniensis polystictus Ogilby [J. D.], 1898:649, Trachypterus deltoideus Clark [H. W.], 1938:180, Trachypterus misakiensis Tanaka [S.], 1908:52, Pl. 4 (fig. 2), Trachipterus woodi Smith [J. L. B.], 1953:504, Fig. 264b] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 22 (pt 3); ref. 14689] Off Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898). Trachipteridae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas, including Hawaiian Ridge. Habitat: marine. (deltoideus) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 22 (no. 7); ref. 12316] Rurutu Island, Austral Islands. Current status: Synonym of Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (misakiensis) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 23 (art. 7); ref. 6032] Misaki, Sagami Sea, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (woodi) [The sea fishes of southern Africa. Revised enlarged edition; ref. 19760] Xora River mouth, Transkei, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Trachipterus Gouan, 1770 - ribbonfishes [=Trachipterus Goüan [A.], 1770:104, 153, Argyctius Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:55, Bogmarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:lviii, 518, Cephalepis Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:31, 54, Epidesmus Ranzani [C.], 1818:137, Gymnogaster Brünnich [M. T.], 1788:408, Trachyterus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:480, Vogmarus Reinhardt [J. C. H.], 1831:xviii, Vogmarus Reid [J.], 1849:456] Notes: [ref. 1863]. Masc. Cepola trachyptera Gmelin, 1789. Appeared first without included species. First addition of a species not researched. Spelled Trachyterus by Bloch & Schneider 1801:480 [ref. 471], and Trachypterus by Cuvier 1816:235 [ref. 993]. •Valid as Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195] as Trachypterus, Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346], Olney 1984:369 [ref. 13656], Heemstra & Kannemeyer 1984:17 [ref. 5349], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:117 [ref. 6441], Palmer in Whitehead et al. 1986:729 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Kannemeyer 1986:400 [ref. 5666], Paxton et al. 1989:400 [ref. 12442], Olney et al. 1993 [ref. 21802], Gomon et al. 1994:431 [ref. 22532], Cortes et al. 1995:265 [ref. 22255], Wiley et al. 1998:423 [ref. 25588], Olney 1999:1974 [ref. 24751], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:260 [ref. 25968], Olney 2003:958 [ref. 27007], Paxton et al. 2006:541 [ref. 28995], Bray 2008:299 [ref. 30620], Savinykh & Baitalyuk 2011:581 [ref. 31580] as Trachypterus, Shinohara et al. 2011:40 [ref. 31715], Roberts 2012:55 [ref. 32187]). Current status: Valid as Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Argyctius) [ref. 3594]. Masc. Argyctius quadrimaculatus Rafinesque, 1810. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195], Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Bogmarus) [ref. 471]. Masc. Gymnogaster arcticus Brünnich, 1788. Type by monotypy. Type somewhat unclear, apparently Bloch & Schneider recognized only one species in the genus. Bogmarus bogmarus on p. lviii as name only; evidently intended for islandicus; islandicus used in Pl. 101; arcticus is only species mentioned on p. 518. •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195], Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Cephalepis) [ref. 3595]. Fem. Cephalepis octomaculatus Rafinesque, 1810. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Regalecus Ascanius, 1772 -- (Palmer 1973:329 [ref. 7195]). •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Epidesmus) [ref. 3604]. Masc. Epidesmus maculatus Ranzani, 1818. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Ranzani 1820:61 [ref. 26408]. •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195], Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Gymnogaster) [ref. 5131]. Fem. Gymnogaster arcticus Brünnich, 1788. Type by monotypy. Possibly published in 1771 [ref. 675, not seen] (see Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195]). •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195], Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Trachyterus) [ref. 471]. Masc. Trachypterus taenia Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Type by subsequent designation. Apparently not an original description, as Goüan is cited; best regarded as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Trachipterus Goüan. •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (see Scott 1983:172 [ref. 5346]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Vogmarus) [ref. 6533]. Masc. Bogmarus islandicus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Original not examined. Apparently an unneeded replacement for, or misspelling of Bogmarus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Name usually attributed to Reid 1849:456, but Reinhardt earlier. •Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. (Vogmarus) [ref. 3687]. Masc. Bogmarus islandicus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Original not seen. Apparently not intended as a new genus; see Vogmarus Reinhardt, 1831; otherwise preoccupied by Vogmarus Reinhardt, 1831. •In the synonymy of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770 -- (Palmer 1973:330 [ref. 7195]). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus Goüan, 1770. Trachipteridae. Species Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859 - King-of-the-salmon [=Trachypterus altivelis Kner [R.], 1859:437 [3], Pl. 1, Trachypterus rexsalmonorum Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1894:144, Pl. 9, Trachypterus seleniris Snyder [J. O.], 1908:319, Trachypterus weychardti Philippi [R. A.], 1874:117, Pl. 3] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 34; ref. 18424] West coast of America; Valparaíso, Chile. Current status: Valid as Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859. Trachipteridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (rexsalmonorum) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 4; ref. 14555] Open sea outside San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859. Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (seleniris) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 60; ref. 10249] Monterey, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859. Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (weychardti) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 40 (no. 1); ref. 18550] Valparaíso, Chile. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus altivelis Kner 1859. Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Trachipterus arawatae Clarke, 1881 - Arawata ribbonfish (author) [=Trachypterus arawatae Clarke [F. E.], 1881:197, Fig.] Notes: [Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute v. 13 (art. 21); ref. 18007] Hominy Cove, 3-4 miles south from Jackson's Bay, New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Trachipterus arawatae Clarke, 1881. Trachipteridae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Trachipterus arcticus (Brunnich, 1788) - dealfish [=Gymnogaster arcticus Brünnich [M. T.], 1788:418, Pl. 13, Bogmarus bogmarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:LVIII (index), Trachypterus bogmarus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835:346, Trachypterus gryphurus Lowe [R. T.], 1852:248, Bogmarus islandicus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:[518], Pl. 101, Trachyupterus vogmarus Reinhardt [J. C. H.], 1838:67] Notes: [Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrivter, Nye Samling af det v. 3; ref. 5131] Iceland. Current status: Valid as Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788). Trachipteridae. Distribution: All oceans. Habitat: marine. (bogmarus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (bogmarus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Norway. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (gryphurus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1850 (pt 18) (art. 5); ref. 2835] Off Madeira. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (islandicus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] North Seas; Iceland. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (vogmarus) [Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger v. 7; ref. 18616] Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus arcticus (Brünnich, 1788). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Trachipterus fukuzakii Fitch, 1864 - tapertail ribbonfish [=Trachipterus fukuzakii Fitch [J. E.], 1964:236, Fig. 5] Notes: [California Fish and Game v. 50 (no. 4); ref. 1794] Ceralbo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Trachipterus fukuzakii Fitch, 1964. Trachipteridae. Distribution: Eastern and northern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Trachipterus ishikawae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 - slender ribbonfish [=Trachypterus ishikawae Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:310, Pl. 17 (fig. 10)] Notes: [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 2506] Off mouth of Tokyo Bay, between Misaki and Boshu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Trachipterus ishikawae Jordan & Snyder, 1901. Trachipteridae. Distribution: Western and central North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Trachipterus jacksonensis (Ramsay, 1881) - blackflash ribbonfish [=Regalacus jacksonensis Ramsay [E. P.], 1881:631, Pl. 20, Trachypterus nigrifrons Smith [J. L. B.], 1956:449, Fig. 1, Pl. 12] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 18589] Manly Beach, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Trachipterus jacksonensis (Ramsay, 1881). Trachipteridae. Distribution: Southern Hemisphere, probably circumglobal (recorded from Brazil, South Africa, Mascarenes, southern Australia, New Zealand). Habitat: marine. (nigrifrons) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 9 (no. 102) (Art. 53); ref. 12227] East London, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus jacksonensis (Ramsay, 1881). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789) - Mediterranean dealfish [=Cepola trachyptera Gmelin [J. F.], 1789:1187, Brogmarus aristoteli Risso [A.], 1820:249, Gymnetrus cepedianus Risso [A.], 1810:146, Pl. 5 (fig. 17), Trachypterus costae Cocco [A.], 1838:4, Figs. 1a-b, Gymnetrus falx Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.], 1834:209, Pl. 56 (opp. p. 210), Trachypterus falx Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835:333, Trachipterus goueani Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:695, Cepola iris Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:617, Trachypterus leiopterus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835:342, Trachypterus liopterus Günther [A.], 1861:304, Epidesmus maculatus Ranzani [C.], 1818:137, Pl. 6, Regalecus maculatus Nardo [G. D.], 1824:122, Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Bogmarus mediterraneus Otto [A. W.], 1821:6, Trachypterus pentastigma Norman [J. R.], 1922:217, Argyctius quadrimaculatus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:55, Pl. 1, Trachypterus rondeletii Costa [O. G.], 1842:Trachypterus p. 10, Fig. 9, bis, Trachypterus rueppellii Günther [A.], 1861:304, Trachypterus spinolae Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835:328, Pl. 296, Cephalepis swainsonii Rafinesque [C. S.], in Swainson, 1839:404, Trachyterus taenia Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:480, Trachypterus trachyurus Poey [F.], 1861:420, Trichiurus trimaculatus Giovene [G. M.], 1829:25 [7]] Notes: [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Valid as Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Distribution: Pacific and eastern Atlantic including Mediterranean Sea. Habitat: marine. (aristoteli) [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 91; ref. 18636] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (cepedianus) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (costae) [Il Faro Anno 6, v. 4 (no. 15); ref. 20278] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (falx) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. (falx) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Bay of Gibraltar, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea; Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea; Venice, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (goueani) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (iris) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (leiopterus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Naples; Nice; Toulon; Florence; Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (liopterus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (maculatus) [Opuscoli Scientifici, Bologna v. 2; ref. 3604] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (maculatus) [Giornale di fisica, chimica e storia naturale, medicina, ed arti. (series 2) v. 7; ref. 21241] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (mediterraneus) [Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum; ref. 4987] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine (pentastigma) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 10 (no. 56); ref. 3210] Misaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (quadrimaculatus) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (rondeletii) [Fauna del regno di Napoli v. 3 (pt 2); ref. 980] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (rueppellii) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (spinolae) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Mediterranean; Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (swainsonii) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (taenia) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (trachyurus) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (trimaculatus) [Memorie di matematica e di scienze fisiche e naturali della Società Italiana delle Scienze. v. 20; ref. 18122] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trachipterus trachypterus (Gmelin, 1789). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Zu Walters and Fitch, 1960 - ribbonfishes [=Zu Walters [V.] & Fitch [J. E.], 1960:445] Notes: [ref. 4580]. Masc. Trachypterus cristatus Bonelli, 1819. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Zu Walters & Fitch, 1960 -- (Palmer 1973:331 [ref. 7195], Scott 1983:188 [ref. 5346], Olney 1984:369 [ref. 13656], Heemstra & Kannemeyer 1984:23 [ref. 5349], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:116 [ref. 6441], Palmer in Whitehead et al. 1986:731 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Kannemeyer 1986:401 [ref. 5666], Paxton et al. 1989:400 [ref. 12442], Olney et al. 1993 [ref. 21802], Olney 1999:1974 [ref. 24751], Olney 2003:958 [ref. 27007], Paxton et al. 2006:541 [ref. 28995], Roberts 2012:55 [ref. 32187]). Current status: Valid as Zu Walters & Fitch, 1960. Trachipteridae.

Species Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820) - scalloped ribbonfish [=Trachypterus cristatus Bonelli [F. A.], 1820:487, Pl. 9, Trachypterus bonnellii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835:331, Trachypterus gavardi Bounhiol [J. P.], in Bounhiol & Gavard, 1923:2, Fig., Trachypterus ijimae Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:311, Pl. 17 (fig. 9), Gymnetrus mullerianus Risso [A.], 1840:13, Pl. 125, Gymnetrus repandus Metaxà [T.], 1833:53, Pl. 1 (fig. 7), Trachypterus semiophorus Bleeker [P.], 1868:279, Pl. 12 (bottom fig.)] Notes: [Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino v. 24 (8129); ref. 16978] Lerici, Gulf of La Spezia, Italy (purchased at Genoa fish market), Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820). Trachipteridae. Distribution: Probably circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea and Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (bonnellii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 10; ref. 1004] Current status: Synonym of Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1819). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (gavardi) [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 432; ref. 15398] Off Bay of Algiers, Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (ijimae) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 2506] Off mouth of Tokyo Bay, between Misaki and Boshu, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (mullerianus) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 6 (pt. 1); ref. 18637] No locality stated [Mediterranean Sea]. Current status: Synonym of Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (repandus) [Memoire di Zoologia Medica. Roma; ref. 17495] Gulf of Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine. (semiophorus) [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 3; ref. 17053] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Zu elongatus Heemstra & Kannemeyer, 1984 - taper-tail ribbonfish [=Zu elongatus Heemstra [P. C.] & Kannemeyer [S. X.], 1984:29, Figs. 9A-11B] Notes: [Annals of the South African Museum v. 94 (pt 2); ref. 5349] Southwest by west of Cape Columbine, northwestern Cape Province, South Africa, bottom depth 225 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Zu elongatus Heemstra & Kannemeyer, 1984. Trachipteridae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, western Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine

***********************************************

Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Nemochirus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:100, 105 [ref. 3583]. Masc. Nemochirus erythropterus Rafinesque 1815. Type by monotypy. Evidently still unplaced. Jordan 1917:86-87 [ref. 2407] gives a full reproduction of the description. Rafinesque 1815:91 [ref. 3584] placed near Trachiurus, Jordan indicated it had much in common with Stylephorus cordatus Shaw. Current status: Uncertain. Trachipteridae. Nemotherus Costa [O. G.] (ex Risso) 1834:fig. 9 [ref. 975]. Masc. Name does not occur in stated reference, nor are any figures present (P. Parenti pers. comm.). Perhaps intended for Nemochirus Rafinesque 1810. Trachipteridae.

(species) longiradiatus, Gymnetrus Risso [A.] 1820:251 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 91; ref. 18636] Nice, France, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. See also Risso 1827:296 Pl. 14 (fig. 43) [ref. 3757]. Spelled longi-radiatus originally. •Synonym of Regalecus glesne Ascanius 1772 -- (Palmer 1973:329 [ref. 7195], Quiniou & Quéro 1990:650 [ref. 17473]). •Description refers to a Trachipterus -- (Roberts 2012:81 [ref. 32187]). Trachipteridae. Habitat: marine.