DOCSLIB.ORG

The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2018 Food and Agriculture General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Organization of the Commission générale des pêches United Nations pour la Méditerranée ISSN 2413-6905 THE STATE OF MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES 2018 Reference: FAO. 2018. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome, Italy. pp. 164. THE STATE OF MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES 2018 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 Required citation: FAO. 2018. The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome. 172 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specifc companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131152-3 © FAO, 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specifc organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition. Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, fgures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Cover design: José Luis Castilla Civit Cover photograph: ©GFCM/Claudia Amico The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries Contents Table, fgures and boxes iv Foreword ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations and acronyms xii Introduction and methodology xiv Executive summary xviii PART 1. OVERVIEW OF THE STATUS AND TRENDS OF MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES 1 1. Fishing feet 4 2. Capture fisheries production 18 3. Socio-economics characteristics 32 4. Bycatch: discards and incidental catch of vulnerable species 48 5. Status of fshery resources 78 PART 2. MANAGEMENT OF MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES 89 6. Insights on small-scale and recreational fsheries 92 7. Fisheries management measures 110 8. The mid-term strategy towards the sustainability of Mediterranean and Black Sea fsheries 130 References 142 iii The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries Tables, fgures and boxes TABLES 1. Main species of commercial or conservation interest in the GFCM area of application xvi 2. Number of operating fishing vessels per GFCM contracting party, cooperating non-contracting party, non-contracting party or relevant non-state actor in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 5 3. Average year of construction and age of fishing vessels in the GFCM vessel records (fleet register and authorized vessel list) database 9 4. Groups of fleet segments used for the analysis of fleet composition 12 5. Number of operating fishing vessels, by group of fleet segments and by GFCM contracting party, cooperating non-contracting party, non-contracting party or relevant non-state actor in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 13 6. Group of fleet segments by GFCM subregion 15 7. Landings by country, 2014–2016 21 8. Landings by major group of species, 2014–2016 24 9. Landings by main commercial species (more than 1 percent of total landings) in the GFCM area of application 26 10. Bottom trawl fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 54 11. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by bottom trawl fisheries, by GFCM subregion 55 12. Beam trawl fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 57 13. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by beam trawl fisheries, by GFCM subregion 57 14. Longline fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 59 15. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by longline fisheries, by GFCM subregion 59 16. Purse seine fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 61 17. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by purse seine fisheries, by GFCM subregion 62 18. Dredge fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 63 19. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by dredge fisheries, by GFCM subregion 63 20. Small-scale fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 65 21. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by small-scale fisheries, by GFCM subregion 66 22. Pelagic trawl fishery landing composition by GFCM subregion 68 23. Main commercial and non-commercial species discarded by pelagic trawl fisheries, by GFCM subregion 68 24. Relative impact by vessel group (in percentage) on different groups of vulnerable species in the GFCM subregions 72 25. Latest validated assessments by priority species and GSA 86 26. Current exploitation rate by priority species and GSA with average value by species 86 27. Stock status of each Mediterranean stock considered in the analysis of biomass indicators 86 28. GFCM fisheries restricted areas established from 2005 to 2017 125 29. Summary of the management measures contained in GFCM recommendations and in technical elements for management 126 FIGURES 1. GFCM area of application, subregions and geographical subareas xvii 2. Fishing capacity (GT and engine power) of GFCM contracting parties, cooperating non-contracting parties and non-contracting parties operating in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 7 3. Percentage of operating fishing vessels by geographical subarea 7 4. Percentage of operating fishing vessels by GFCM subregion 8 5. Average age of fishing fleet in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 10 iv The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 6. Percentage of fleet segments operating in the GFCM area of application 12 7. Percentage of fleet segments operating in the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea 13 8. Distribution of polyvalent vessels (all lengths) fleet segments by GFCM subregion 15 9. Distribution of trawlers (> 6 m LOA) fleet segments by GFCM subregion 15 10. Distribution of purse seiners and pelagic trawlers (> 6 m LOA) fleet segments by GFCM subregion 15 11. Trends in landings in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, by year, 1970–2016 19 12. Trends in landings of the largest producers (Turkey and Italy), 1970–2016 19 13. Trends in landings by country (catching up to 150 000 tonnes), 1970–2016 20 14. Trends in landings by country (catching up to 20 000 tonnes), 1970–2016 20 15. Countries contributing to at least 5 percent of total captures in the GFCM area of application, average landings in 2014–2016 22 16. Countries contributing to at least 5 percent of total captures in the Mediterranean Sea, average landings in 2014–2016 22 17. Total captures by country in the Black Sea, average landings in 2014–2016 22 18. Relative contribution (%) of the four groups of fleet segments in terms of landings 23 19. Landings by group of species (ISSCAAP) in the GFCM area of application, average values (percent) in 2014–2016 24 20. Landings by group of species (ISSCAAP) in the Mediterranean Sea, average values (percent) in 2014–2016 25 21. Landings by group of species (ISSCAAP) in the Black Sea, average values (percent) in 2014–2016 25 22. Annual landings in the GFCM area of application, by species, average values (percent) in 2014–2016 26 23. Annual landings in the Mediterranean Sea, by species, average values (percent) in 2014–2016 27 24. Annual landings in the Black Sea, by species, average values (percent) in 2014–2016 27 25. Landings by GFCM subregion and by country, average 2014–2016 28 26. Landings by GFCM subregion and by species, average 2014–2016 29 27. Landing value at first sale by CPCs and relevant non-state actors 33 28. Landing value by subregion 33 29. Percentage of total landing value by subregion 33 30.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Demersal and Epibenthic Assemblages of Trawlable Grounds in the Northern Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean)
    SCIENTIA MARINA 71(3) September 2007, 513-524, Barcelona (Spain) ISSN: 0214-8358 Demersal and epibenthic assemblages of trawlable grounds in the northern Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) ESTHER ABAD 1, IZASKUN PRECIADO 1, ALBERTO SERRANO 1 and JORGE BARO 2 1 Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Promontorio de San Martín, s/n, P.O. Box 240, 39080 Santander, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto Pesquero s/n, P.O. Box 285, 29640 Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain SUMMARY: The composition and abundance of megabenthic fauna caught by the commercial trawl fleet in the Alboran Sea were studied. A total of 28 hauls were carried out at depths ranging from 50 to 640 m. As a result of a hierarchical clas- sification analysis four assemblages were detected: (1) the outer shelf group (50-150 m), characterised by Octopus vulgaris and Cepola macrophthalma; (2) the upper slope group (151-350 m), characterised by Micromesistius poutassou, with Plesionika heterocarpus and Parapenaeus longirostris as secondary species; (3) the middle slope group (351-640 m), char- acterised by M. poutassou, Nephrops norvegicus and Caelorhincus caelorhincus, and (4) the small seamount Seco de los Olivos (310-360 m), characterised by M. poutassou, Helicolenus dactylopterus and Gadiculus argenteus, together with Chlorophthalmus agassizi, Stichopus regalis and Palinurus mauritanicus. The results also revealed significantly higher abundances in the Seco de los Olivos seamount, probably related to a higher food availability caused by strong localised cur- rents and upwellings that enhanced primary production. Although depth proved to be the main structuring factor, others such as sediment type and food availability also appeared to be important.
    [Show full text]
  • Combined!Effects!In!Europe's!Seas!
    OCP/EEA/NSS/18/002.ETC/ICM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ETC/ICM!Technical!Report!4/2019! Multiple!pressures!and!their! combined!effects!in!Europe’s!seas! Prepared!by!/!compiled!by:!! Samuli!Korpinen,!Katja!Klančnik! Authors:!! Samuli Korpinen & Katja Klančnik (editors), Monika Peterlin, Marco Nurmi, Leena Laamanen, Gašper Zupančič, Ciarán Murray, Therese Harvey, Jesper H Andersen, Argyro Zenetos, Ulf Stein, Leonardo Tunesi, Katrina Abhold, GerJan Piet, Emilie Kallenbach, Sabrina Agnesi, Bas Bolman, David Vaughan, Johnny Reker & Eva Royo Gelabert ETC/ICM'Consortium'Partners:'' Helmholtz!Centre!for!Environmental!Research!(UFZ),!Fundación!AZTI,!Czech!Environmental! Information!Agency!(CENIA),!Ioannis!Zacharof&!Associates!Llp!Hydromon!Consulting! Engineers!(CoHI(Hydromon)),!Stichting!Deltares,!Ecologic!Institute,!International!Council!for! the!Exploration!of!the!Sea!(ICES),!Italian!National!Institute!for!Environmental!Protection!and! Research!(ISPRA),!Joint!Nature!Conservation!Committee!Support!Co!(JNCC),!Middle!East! Technical!University!(METU),!Norsk!Institutt!for!Vannforskning!(NIVA),!Finnish!Environment! Institute!(SYKE),!Thematic!Center!for!Water!Research,!Studies!and!Projects!development!! (TC!Vode),!Federal!Environment!Agency!(UBA),!University!Duisburg.Essen!(UDE)! ! ! ! Cover'photo! ©!Tihomir!Makovec,!Marine!biology!station!Piran,!Slovenia! ' Layout! F&U!confirm,!Leipzig! ! Legal'notice' The!contents!of!this!publication!do!not!necessarily!reflect!the!official!opinions!of!the!European!Commission!or!other!institutions!
    [Show full text]
  • Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Teleost Fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida Robin M
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Laboratory of Parasitology 6-26-1969 Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Teleost Fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida Robin M. Overstreet University of Miami, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Overstreet, Robin M., "Digenetic Trematodes of Marine Teleost Fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida" (1969). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 867. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/867 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TULANE STUDIES IN ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY Volume 15, Number 4 June 26, 1969 DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF MARINE TELEOST FISHES FROM BISCAYNE BAY, FLORIDA1 ROBIN M. OVERSTREET2 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida CONTENTS ABSTRACT 120 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 INTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple!Pressures!And!Their! Combined!Effects!In!Europe's!Seas!
    OCP/EEA/NSS/18/002.ETC/ICM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ETC/ICM!Technical!Report!4/2019! Multiple!pressures!and!their! combined!effects!in!Europe’s!seas! Prepared!by!/!compiled!by:!! Samuli!Korpinen,!Katja!Klančnik! Authors:!! Monika Peterlin, Marco Nurmi, Leena Laamanen, Gašper Zupančič, Andreja Popit, Ciarán Murray, Therese Harvey, Jesper H Andersen, Argyro Zenetos, Ulf Stein, Leonardo Tunesi, Katrina Abhold, GerJan Piet, Emilie Kallenbach, Sabrina Agnesi, Bas Bolman, David Vaughan, Johnny Reker & Eva Royo Gelabert ETC/ICM'Consortium'Partners:'' Helmholtz!Centre!for!Environmental!Research!(UFZ),!Fundación!AZTI,!Czech!Environmental! Information!Agency!(CENIA),!Ioannis!Zacharof&!Associates!Llp!Hydromon!Consulting! Engineers!(CoHI(Hydromon)),!Stichting!Deltares,!Ecologic!Institute,!International!Council!for! the!Exploration!of!the!Sea!(ICES),!Italian!National!Institute!for!Environmental!Protection!and! Research!(ISPRA),!Joint!Nature!Conservation!Committee!Support!Co!(JNCC),!Middle!East! Technical!University!(METU),!Norsk!Institutt!for!Vannforskning!(NIVA),!Finnish!Environment! Institute!(SYKE),!Thematic!Center!for!Water!Research,!Studies!and!Projects!development!! (TC!Vode),!Federal!Environment!Agency!(UBA),!University!Duisburg.Essen!(UDE)! ! ! ! Cover'photo! ©!Tihomir!Makovec,!Marine!biology!station!Piran,!Slovenia! ' Layout! F&U!confirm,!Leipzig! ! Legal'notice' The!contents!of!this!publication!do!not!necessarily!reflect!the!official!opinions!of!the!European!Commission!or!other!institutions! of!the!European!Union.!Neither!the!European!Environment!Agency,!the!European!Topic!Centre!on!Inland,!Coastal!and!Marine!
    [Show full text]
  • European Anchovy Engraulis Encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) From
    European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Annaba, east Algeria: age, growth, spawning period, condition factor and mortality Nadira Benchikh, Assia Diaf, Souad Ladaimia, Fatma Z. Bouhali, Amina Dahel, Abdallah B. Djebar Laboratory of Ecobiology of Marine and Littoral Environments, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria. Corresponding author: N. Benchikh, [email protected] Abstract. Age, growth, spawning period, condition factor and mortality were determined in the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus populated the Gulf of Annaba, east Algeria. The age structure of the total population is composed of 59.1% females, 33.5% males and 7.4% undetermined. The size frequency distribution method shows the existence of 4 cohorts with lengths ranging from 8.87 to 16.56 cm with a predominance of age group 3 which represents 69.73% followed by groups 4, 2 and 1 with respectively 19.73, 9.66 and 0.88%. The VONBIT software package allowed us to estimate the growth parameters: asymptotic length L∞ = 17.89 cm, growth rate K = 0.6 year-1 and t0 = -0.008. The theoretical maximum age or tmax is 4.92 years. The height-weight relationship shows that growth for the total population is a major allometry. Spawning takes place in May, with a gonado-somatic index (GSI) of 4.28% and an annual mean condition factor (K) of 0.72. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) are 2.31, 0.56 and 1.75 year-1 respectively, with exploitation rate E = F/Z is 0.76 is higher than the optimal exploitation level of 0.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas Region
    MEDITERRANEAN, BLACK AND CASPIAN SEAS REGION 1 INTRODUCTION • Fellows from the region • National and Regional needs for the Region • Actions to be taken. • Recent developments on Maritime issues 2 Fellows from the Region • Republic of Bulgaria – 1 • Georgia – 1 • Islamic Republic of Iran – 3 • Turkey – 1 • Libya – 1 • Republic of Azerbaijan – 1 3 Republic of Bulgaria • To comply, implement and enforce the IMO Conventions namely Ballast Water Management Convention, Recycling Convention and HNS Convention. • To conclude agreement with neighboring countries e.g with Romania on delimitation of maritime spaces in Black Sea. • To assist the States in the region in their endeavor to comply with, implement and enforce the IMO conventions because the ratification and enforcement of existing IMO conventions by all Black sea countries will ensure a global level playing field. 4 • To elaborate the national Maritime Transport Strategy with its priority areas, namely shipping in globalized markets, human resources, quality shipping, short sea shipping, research and innovation • To conclude search and rescue agreements between the countries in the Black Sea region • These are national and regional needs for the Republic of Bulgaria. 5 Islamic Republic of Iran Issues regarding environmental legislation, national action and delimitation of maritime boundaries •Inadequate marine and coastal management laws. •Insufficient legislation to protect coastal and marine natural resources. •Overlapping and conflicting laws regarding marine and coastal management. • Lack of internationally legally recognized regime applicable to exploration and exploitation of the shared natural resources. 6 Actions to be taken • Strengthen the legal framework regarding coastal and marine environment protection • Coordinating and managing environmental conflicts among various organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Centre
    Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia Working Paper Series Working Paper #2015 - 80 Reconstruction of Syria’s fisheries catches from 1950-2010: Signs of overexploitation Aylin Ulman, Adib Saad, Kyrstn Zylich, Daniel Pauly and Dirk Zeller Year: 2015 Email: [email protected] This working paper is made available by the Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. Reconstruction of Syria’s fisheries catches from 1950-2010: Signs of overexploitation Aylin Ulmana, Adib Saadb, Kyrstn Zylicha, Daniel Paulya, Dirk Zellera a Sea Around Us, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada b President of Syrian National Committee for Oceanography, Tishreen University, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. BOX; 1408, Lattakia, Syria [email protected] (corresponding author); [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Syria’s total marine fisheries catches were estimated for the 1950-2010 time period using a reconstruction approach which accounted for all fisheries removals, including unreported commercial landings, discards, and recreational and subsistence catches. All unreported estimates were added to the official data, as reported by the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Total reconstructed catch for 1950-2010 was around 170,000 t, which is 78% more than the amount reported by Syria to the FAO as their national catch. The unreported components added over 74,000 t of unreported catches, of which 38,600 t were artisanal landings, 16,000 t industrial landings, over 4,000 t recreational catches, 3,000 t subsistence catches and around 12,000 t were discards.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharks in Crisis: a Call to Action for the Mediterranean
    REPORT 2019 SHARKS IN CRISIS: A CALL TO ACTION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN WWF Sharks in the Mediterranean 2019 | 1 fp SECTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Written and edited by WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative / Evan Jeffries (www.swim2birds.co.uk), based on data contained in: Bartolí, A., Polti, S., Niedermüller, S.K. & García, R. 2018. Sharks in the Mediterranean: A review of the literature on the current state of scientific knowledge, conservation measures and management policies and instruments. Design by Catherine Perry (www.swim2birds.co.uk) Front cover photo: Blue shark (Prionace glauca) © Joost van Uffelen / WWF References and sources are available online at www.wwfmmi.org Published in July 2019 by WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative as the copyright owner. © Text 2019 WWF. All rights reserved. Our thanks go to the following people for their invaluable comments and contributions to this report: Fabrizio Serena, Monica Barone, Adi Barash (M.E.C.O.), Ioannis Giovos (iSea), Pamela Mason (SharkLab Malta), Ali Hood (Sharktrust), Matthieu Lapinksi (AILERONS association), Sandrine Polti, Alex Bartoli, Raul Garcia, Alessandro Buzzi, Giulia Prato, Jose Luis Garcia Varas, Ayse Oruc, Danijel Kanski, Antigoni Foutsi, Théa Jacob, Sofiane Mahjoub, Sarah Fagnani, Heike Zidowitz, Philipp Kanstinger, Andy Cornish and Marco Costantini. Special acknowledgements go to WWF-Spain for funding this report. KEY CONTACTS Giuseppe Di Carlo Director WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] Simone Niedermueller Mediterranean Shark expert Email: [email protected] Stefania Campogianni Communications manager WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative Email: [email protected] WWF is one of the world’s largest and most respected independent conservation organizations, with more than 5 million supporters and a global network active in over 100 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    Vol. 3: 41–50, 2008 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Printed August 2008 doi: 10.3354/ab00062 Aquat Biol Published online July 1, 2008 OPEN ACCESS Effects of water temperature, salinity and feeding regimes on metamorphosis, growth and otolith Sr:Ca ratios of Megalops cyprinoides leptocephali Hui-Lun Chen1, Kang-Ning Shen1, Chih-Wei Chang3, 4, Yoshiyuki Iizuka5, Wann-Nian Tzeng1, 2,* 1Institute of Fisheries Science, and 2Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC 3National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan 944, ROC 4Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolution, National Donghwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 974, ROC 5Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, ROC National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC ABSTRACT: We examined the effects of water temperature, salinity and feeding regime on lepto- cephalus metamorphosis, and on daily growth increment deposition and strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios of otoliths in the Pacific tarpon Megalops cyprinoides. The tarpons at the pre-metamorphic lep- tocephalus stage (SI) were collected in the estuary, marked with tetracycline and then reared for 18 and 30 d in 2 independent experiments with different temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C), salinities (0, 10 and 35) and feeding regimes (fed and starved)—environmental conditions that the fish may experi- ence in the wild. Temporal changes in Sr:Ca ratios from the primordium to the otolith edge of the reared tarpon were examined with an electron probe microanalyzer. At the optimal temperature (25°C) in Expt I, the leptocephalus completed metamorphosis (SII and SIII) after ca. 2 wk irrespective of being fed or starved and reared in low (10) or high (35) salinity, although both somatic and otolith growth rates were lower in starved than in fed groups.
    [Show full text]
  • HMS App a August 2003
    APPENDIX F U.S. WEST COAST HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES: LIFE HISTORY ACCOUNTS AND ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS (Originally Appendix A to the FMP) U.S. West Coast Highly Migratory Species Plan Development Team Pacific Fishery Management Council Originally Available January 16, 2003 HMS FMP - Appendix Fi June 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS REVIEW OF METHODS AND DEFINITIONS.............................................F-1 1.0SHARKS ....................................................................F-1 1.1Common Thresher ...........................................................F-1 1.1.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Common Thresher ................................F-4 1.2Pelagic Thresher.............................................................F-5 1.2.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Pelagic Thresher..................................F-6 1.3Bigeye Thresher .............................................................F-7 1.3.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Bigeye Thresher ..................................F-9 1.4Shortfin Mako ...............................................................F-9 1.4.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Shortfin Mako ...................................F-12 1.5Blue Shark.................................................................F-12 1.5.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Blue Shark......................................F-16 2.0TUNAS.......................................................................F-16 2.1Albacore ..................................................................F-16 2.1.8 Essential Fish Habitat for Albacore .......................................F-20
    [Show full text]
  • A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region a Report by the Commission on the Black Sea
    A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region A Report by the Commission on the Black Sea www.blackseacom.eu An initiative of: The Black eaS Trust for Regional Cooperation A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region A Report by the Commission on the Black Sea Contents Why read this Report? 4 What is the Commission on the Black Sea? 7 Executive Summary 12 Резюме выводов 15 Yönetici Özeti 19 The Report Introduction: The State of Play 22 Peace and Security 28 Economic Development and Welfare 31 Democratic Institutions and Good Governance 34 Regional Cooperation 36 Conclusions 38 Policy Recommendations 40 The Black Sea in Figures 45 Abbreviations 65 Initiators 67 The Rapporteurs, Editor and Acknowledgements 69 Imprint 70 3 Why read this Report? Why read this Report? … because the Black Sea matters The Black Sea region is coming into its own - but it is a contested and sometimes dangerous neighbourhood. It has undergone countless political transformations over time. And now, once again, it is becoming the subject of an intense debate. This reflects the changing dynamics of the Black Sea countries and the complex realities of their politics and conflicts, economies and societies. Geography, the interests of others and the region’s relations with the rest of the world in large part explain its resurgence. Straddling Europe and Asia, the Black Sea links north to south and east to west. Oil, gas, transport and trade routes are all crucial in explaining its increasing relevance. In the last two decades the Black Sea has changed beyond recognition. We have witnessed the transformation of the former communist societies and the impact of globalisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean Volume
    ISBN 0-9689167-4-x Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras) Volume One Acipenseriformes through Syngnathiformes Michael P. Fahay ii Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean iii Dedication This monograph is dedicated to those highly skilled larval fish illustrators whose talents and efforts have greatly facilitated the study of fish ontogeny. The works of many of those fine illustrators grace these pages. iv Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean v Preface The contents of this monograph are a revision and update of an earlier atlas describing the eggs and larvae of western Atlantic marine fishes occurring between the Scotian Shelf and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fahay, 1983). The three-fold increase in the total num- ber of species covered in the current compilation is the result of both a larger study area and a recent increase in published ontogenetic studies of fishes by many authors and students of the morphology of early stages of marine fishes. It is a tribute to the efforts of those authors that the ontogeny of greater than 70% of species known from the western North Atlantic Ocean is now well described. Michael Fahay 241 Sabino Road West Bath, Maine 04530 U.S.A. vi Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the help provided by a number of very knowledgeable friends and colleagues dur- ing the preparation of this monograph. Jon Hare undertook a painstakingly critical review of the entire monograph, corrected omissions, inconsistencies, and errors of fact, and made suggestions which markedly improved its organization and presentation.
    [Show full text]