The Potential Efficacy of Certain Plant Extracts and Metam Sodium in Managing Soil-Borne Fungal Pathogens and Meloidogyne Spp

Home , Halanaerobiales, Holophagales, Oceanospirillales, Saprospirales, Thermoanaerobacterales

The potential efficacy of certain plant extracts and metam sodium in managing soil-borne fungal pathogens and Meloidogyne spp. and their effect on the soil microbial community

María del Mar Montiel-Rozasa, Miguel Ángel Díez-Rojob, Margarita Ros a*, José Antonio Pascuala,

a CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, CP 30100 PO Box 164, Murcia, Spain b Metodos Servicios Agrícolas. Ctra El Rellano (A-20), 1.9, CP 30540, Blanca, Murcia, Spain *Corresponding author e-mail address of authors: M.M. Montiel-Rozas: [email protected]

Jose Antonio Pascual: [email protected]

Margarita Ros: [email protected]

Miguel Ángel Díez-Rojo: [email protected]

Table S1. Soil bacterial community composition in the experimental soil. Data corresponds to relative abundance (percentage is indicated in parentheses) at phylum and order level. The most abundant orders are marked in bold.

PHYLUM (%) ORDER (%) Proteobacteria (27.3) Acidithiobacillia Acidithiobacillales (0.58)

Rhizobiales (2.43) Rhodospirillales (2.34) Sphingomonadales (2.31) Rhodobacterales (0.69) Caulobacterales (0.36) Micropepsales (0.04) Parvularculales (0.03) Alphaproteobacteria Rickettsiales (0.01)

Burkholderiales (2.02) Rhodocyclales (0.91) Nitrosomonadales (0.47) obacteria obacteria Betaprote Neisseriales (0.04)

Myxococcales (2.24) Desulfobacterales (0.25) Syntrophobacterales (0.04) Desulfovibrionales (0.01) Bradymonadales (0.01)

Deltaproteobacteria Desulfuromonadales (0.01)

Xanthomonadales (2.37) Pseudomonadales (1.78) Nevskiales (1.34) Chromatiales (0.60) Oceanospirillales (0.46) Alteromonadales (0.45) Legionellales (0.45) Acidiferrobacterales (0.20) Thiotrichales (0.18) Cellvibrionales (0.15) Enterobacterales (0.11) Methylococcales (0.05)

Gammaproteobacteria Vibrionales (0.02) Aeromonadales (0.01) Immundisolibacterales (<0.001)

Oligoflexales (0.05) Bacteriovoracales (0.04)

Oligoflexia Bdellovibrionales (0.04)

Propionibacteriales Actinobacteria (9.4) (2.22) Micromonosporales (1.08) Streptosporangiales (0.80) Micrococcales (0.76) Streptomycetales (0.65) Solirubrobacterales (0.53) Pseudonocardiales (0.53) Acidimicrobiales (0.23) Corynebacteriales (0.19) Thermoleophilales (0.16) Geodermatophilales (0.14) Gaiellales (0.13) Euzebyales (0.07) Rubrobacterales (0.05) Frankiales (0.05) Jiangellales (0.04) Glycomycetales (0.03) Kineosporiales (0.03) Egicoccales (0.02) Nitriliruptorales (0.01) Actinomycetales (0.01) Egibacterales (0.01)

Bacteroidetes (8.4) Cytophagales (3.17) Flavobacteriales (1.76) Chitinophagales (0.83) Bacteroidetes Order II. Incertae sedis (0.80) Sphingobacteriales (0.52) Saprospirales (0.06) Bacteroidales (0.02) Marinilabiliales (0.01)

Firmicutes (5.3) Bacillales (4.41) Clostridiales (0.64) Lactobacillales (0.11) Thermoanaerobacterales (0.11) Tissierellales (0.03) Limnochordales (0.01) Halanaerobiales (0.01) Veillonellales (0.01)

Acidobacteria (4.7) Acidobacteriales (0.23) Holophagales (0.18) Solibacterales (0.02)

Gemmatimonadales Gemmatimonadetes (4.2) (2.74) Longimicrobiales (0.94)

Chloroflexi (3.3) Caldilineales (0.93) Sphaerobacterales (0.89) Anaerolineales (0.51) Chloroflexales (0.09) Ardenticatenales (0.05) Herpetosiphonales (0.01) Thermoflexales (<0.001) 3

Thermomicrobiales (<0.001) Ktedonobacterales (<0.001)

Cyanobacteria (2.9) Chroococcales (1.63) Synechococcales (0.64) Oscillatoriales (0.39) Nostocales (0.16) Chroococcidiopsidales (0.03)

Planctomycetes (2.8) Planctomycetales (2.22) Candidatus Brocadiales (0.11) Phycisphaerales (0.01) Tepidisphaerales (0.01)

Verrucomicrobia (1.9) Verrucomicrobiales (0.72) Opitutales (0.46) Puniceicoccales (0.03)

Nistrospirae (0.45) Nitrospirales (0.45)

Armatimonadetes Fimbriimonadales (0.10) Armatimonadales (0.01)

Balneolaeota Balneolales (0.05)

Candidatus Melainabacteria Vampirovibrionales (0.01)

Candidatus Candidatus Peribacterales Peregrinibacteria (<0.001)

Candidatus Candidatus Sumerlaeales Sumerlaeota (0.04)

Chlamydiae Parachlamydiales (0.05) Chlamydiales (0.03) Phyla with <0.5% (2.6) Deinococcus- Thermus Thermales (0.06) Deinococcales (0.03)

Fibrobacteres Chitinispirillales (0.02)

Ignavibacteriae Ignavibacteriales (0.04)

Rhodothermaeota Rhodothermales (0.03)

Spirochaetes Spirochaetales (<0.001)

Tenericutes Mycoplasmatales (0.01) Acholeplasmatales (0.01)

Thermotogae Thermotogales (0.03)

Unclassified (26.7) Unclassified (42.7)

Table S2. Soil fungal community composition in the experimental soil. Data corresponds to relative abundance (percentage is indicated in parentheses) at phylum and order level. The most abundant orders are marked in bold.

PHYLUM (%) ORDER (%) Ascomycota (82.5) Eurotiales (40.0) Sordariales (11.9) Hypocreales (9.21) Microascales (4.49) Diaporthales (3.04) Xylariales (2.17) Chaetothyriales (1.73) Pleosporales (1.19) Botryosphaeriales (1.16) Glomerellales (1.04) Onygenales (0.67) Calosphaeriales (0.47) Pezizales (0.30) Togniniales (0.26) Dothideales (0.18) Erysiphales (0.13) Lichenostigmatales (0.12) Saccharomycetales (0.07) Capnodiales (0.06) Coniochaetales (0.04) Valsariales (0.04) Chaetosphaeriales (0.02) Venturiales (0.02) Ostropales (0.02) Orbiliales (0.01) Tubeufiales (0.01) Ophiostomatales (0.01) Taphrinales (<0.001) Lecanorales (<0.001)

Basidiomycota (6.1) Russulales (3.31) Agaricales (0.98) Cantharellales (0.59) Polyporales (0.41) Atheliales (0.16) Corticiales (0.15) Auriculariales (0.13) Wallemiales (0.10) Filobasidiales (0.06) Trechisporales (0.06) 6

Malasseziales (0.03) Thelephorales (0.03) Pucciniales (0.02) Tremellales (0.01) Trichosporonales (0.01) Sebacinales (0.01) Cystofilobasidiales (<0.001) Hysterangiales (<0.001) Boletales (<0.001)

Mucoromycota (2.9) Mortierellales (1.29) Mucorales (1.22) Glomerales (0.25) Umbelopsidales (<0.001)

Chytridiomycota (0.6) Spizellomycetales (0.60) Rhizophydiales (0.01)

Olpidiomycota (0.4) Olpidiales (0.42)

Unclassified (7.5) Unclassified (11.7)