DOCSLIB.ORG

The Phenomenon of Alishernavoi and Representatives of Jadid Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Phenomenon of Alishernavoi and Representatives of Jadid Literature European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de ¹ 1/2019 [email protected] SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES Manuscript info: Received December 12, 2018., Accepted December 17, 2018., Published January 20, 2019. THE PHENOMENON OF ALISHERNAVOI AND REPRESENTATIVES OF JADID LITERATURE E. J. Nasrullaev senior Teacher at Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2521-3253-2019-1-8 Abstract: This article describes the infinite love of jadids for the Navoi genius, who regarded the works of A. Navoi as an example for them. Key words: jadid, national awakening, chigataygurungi, afrosiyob brochure, literature rules, tuyuq, ramalbahri. Recommended citation: E. J. Nasrullaev. THE PHENOMENON OF ALISHERNAVOI AND REPRESENTATIVES OF JADID LITERATURE. 1 European Journal of Research P. 68-73 (2019). At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the development of press and publishing work created new opportunities for Uzbek criticism and literature. In particular, the awakening of the literary criticism occured - the study of the literary process in action, the writer's creativity, and the spiritual and aesthetic requirements of the time, the spiritual needs of the public, the discovery of novels in the development of literature, showing shortcomings started. KhojiMuin, MirmukhsinShermukhamedov, Bekhbudiy, AbdulkhamidChulpan, AbduraufFitrat,AshuraliZakhiri, VadudMakhmud's articles focus on the important social tasks facing the art of speech, and attempted to link the literature development of nation with the issue of upbringing new people who fights for nation, Motherland, and independence. The idea called "Literature lives - nation lives" in the article of Chulpan's "What is literature?" (1914) guided the national revival. At the beginning of the 20th century, the jadid educators aimed gathering, storing, studying and publishing the rich literature and cultural heritage of the Uzbek people. In 1919, the Society of Fitrat, founded byFitrat's initiative, organized literary and musical evenings to accomplish this historic mission, struggled for the purity of the uzbek language, and concentrated on gathering the unique manuscripts that had been kept in private libraries. Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results 68 European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de ¹ 1/2019 [email protected] Till the mid-20's of the 20th century, literature was largely based on literary criticism. Since then, the Soviet government began to control it. In the evaluation of creativity, ideology and transitional policy became the major criterion. The art of literature and literature itself were required only from the point of view of class struggle, Soviet ideology. In addition, the principle of abolition of classical literary heritage was dominant. Among the poets such as Yassaviy, Bobur, Mashrab, Khafiz, Rumi, Khuvaydo, the spiritual property created by the great Navoiwas declared unnecessary and even harmful to the reader. AbduraufFitrat, and AtajanKhashim, have opposed such views and tried to defend the cultural heritage. The tendency of nigilistic attitude towards the past,the culture of past that was present in the 20s of the last century caused intellectuals to worry intensely.Because, many intellectuals trained by advancedjadid ideas knew how important the past was in understanding the identity of the nation itself. According to the words of the literary scholar Kh.Boltaboyev, as one of the spiritual roots of jadidism "Jadidism has been instrumental in raising a new literature through the inculcation of AlisherNavoi's creativity, which is the peak of the Timurid period literature in spiritual life. According to the jadids, the creation of a new literature without "mastering" the genius of AlisherNavoi and the spiritual treasures created thereafter cannot be put on the list of world literature "Therefore, the "ChigatoyGurungi" and other cultural and scientific institutions are initially called to study the literature, language, science and culture of the Navoi period. For this reason, Navoi's pen, which created a new page in world literature, has become a symbol of tense for jadids. Jadids called on the literature to thoroughly learn the world literature samples for writing on the Navoi level. One of the leading members in the Uzbekjadid literature who studied the literary and cultural heritage of the Uzbek and Tajik peoples, sources of Uzbek literature, the history of their development, literary movements, schools and their representatives, found and rediscovered the literary heritage of worldwide famous poets who had been forgotten in history, studied the works of poets and writers from Afrosiab - Alpine Tunus to Yassaviy, from YusufKhosHojiib to Turdi, Mashrab, Umarkhan to his contemporaries Elbek and Chulpon is a prominent artist and scientist, AbduraufFitrat who created the foundation for the new Uzbek literary criticism. His literary aesthetic thinking enriched Uzbek literary aesthetic thinking whichNavoi brought to the highest level, with his books "Rules of Literature" (1926) and later on "Aruz" (1936), enriched the literary aesthetics of the new era and continued as a leading specialist in the theory of literature. Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results 69 European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de ¹ 1/2019 [email protected] The publishing section under the muslim participation bureau in 1919 publishes a pamphlet entitled "The idea ofNavoi about humanity." Literary critic KhamidullaBoltaboev conducted a research for defining the author of this brochure, and found out that AbduraufFitrat not only prepared the pamphlet for the publication, but also wrote it, and gave the following as an evidence: "Some of the comments in the brochure are similar with Fitrat's opinions in his articles like " Uzbek literature samples "," The history of concise islam"and " AkhmadYassaviy" and in some cases the same as the other. The pieces of verse, which were given in the booklet, were taken from Navoi's "Khayratul-abror". The pieces in the work are identical to pieces from the same works of Navoi mentioned in Fitrat's "Samples of uzbek literature", volume 1. A number of aspects of the style that appear in the scientific works of Fitrat are closely relatedto the style of the booklet that has not author , and it is possible to conclude them similar after finding out that the way of argumentation, the order of thought, and the language of works are the same". Literature researcher BegaliKasimov's "AbduraufFitrat" article presents Fitrat as the author of this brochure. In the pamphlet there is a part of the chapter entitled "The Salatin chapter" of the poem "Khayratul-abror" by Navoiy, and the author states that " the reason of the dark days in the muslim world are tyrannical kings and the poets who praise them, and imams who use religion for their use", "persecution and faith can not coexist "," original Islam is a way of treating the poor, helping the hungry and providing material assistance, justice"; "There was no privileged position or career in Islam as a king, a sheikh"; "The rulers have been promoted to the will of the people ..." In those dark days , "there were those who were truthful and faithful. They were like lightning on dark nights"; "One of these is great AlisherNavoi". The author of the article, "The Formation of Navai Science in Uzbekistan", N.Karimov states in his article once the "Chigatoygurungi" society began its activity and the booklet published the attitude towards literary heritage changed dramatically. According to the information provided by the newspaper "Red flag" on May 20, 1921, with the order of the Uzbek Educational Society, a group of scholars began to work on the creation of a complex of poems by Navoi, Lutfi, Uzbek and other poets. Fitrathimself went to Bukhara with BulatSoliyev in those years and studied the book fund of three famous libraries in the area and registered the rare books in these libraries. He found out that in MukhammadSiddiq's library there are 400 pages of dictionary "Khalli Glossary al-Navoiy", as well as Navoi's "Ikhlasiya" and "Historical Legend Ajam". One of the contributors to the time of Navoi, ZayniddinVosifi, said that Mir AlisherNavoi regarded poetry science as "greater than poetry". Vienna, Austria Generalization of Scientific Results 70 European Journal of Research www.journalofresearch.de ¹ 1/2019 [email protected] Prof. Fitratstates in the brochure "The rules of literature" that a beautiful language and unique style in explaining to the public the logic is also required. The poet, writer and literary critic Oybek , who wrote a review of this work in his own time, thoroughly thinks: "... another feature of the book is Fitrat's attractive and beautiful style". In his "Rules of Literature," a well-known guide for schoolchildren, the author often addresses the phenomenon ofNavoi, including his comment on the style, "... when AlisherNavoi wrote biographies of some poets in his book " Majolis", says " writes turkish", " there are turkish poems" and these don't differ from saying " writes in turkish style". While analyzingA.Navai`s work "Mahbub-ulkulub " and hisghazal (matlaa - the first couplet) "Saharhovarshahiuzva" he came to the conclusion that "Navais method goes with magnificent tune in prose, but in poetry it gets heavier". In order to prove this conclusion "While looking deeper we can see the alternation of the poet`s style according to the theme of the work". We can`t see the style used in "Layli and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi
    Official Digitized Version by Victoria Arakelova; with errata fixed from the print edition ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI YEREVAN SERIES FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES Edited by Garnik S. Asatrian Vol.1 SIAVASH LORNEJAD ALI DOOSTZADEH ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies Yerevan 2012 Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi Guest Editor of the Volume Victoria Arakelova The monograph examines several anachronisms, misinterpretations and outright distortions related to the great Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi, that have been introduced since the USSR campaign for Nezami‖s 800th anniversary in the 1930s and 1940s. The authors of the monograph provide a critical analysis of both the arguments and terms put forward primarily by Soviet Oriental school, and those introduced in modern nationalistic writings, which misrepresent the background and cultural heritage of Nezami. Outright forgeries, including those about an alleged Turkish Divan by Nezami Ganjavi and falsified verses first published in Azerbaijan SSR, which have found their way into Persian publications, are also in the focus of the authors‖ attention. An important contribution of the book is that it highlights three rare and previously neglected historical sources with regards to the population of Arran and Azerbaijan, which provide information on the social conditions and ethnography of the urban Iranian Muslim population of the area and are indispensable for serious study of the Persian literature and Iranian culture of the period. ISBN 978-99930-69-74-4 The first print of the book was published by the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHARACTERISTICS of USING POSSIBILITIES of DIFFERENT KINDS of REITERATIONS, POETIC ADDRESS and POETIC INQUIRIES in NABATI CREATIVITY Khadija Iskenderli1
    Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 9 - Nº 02 - Ano 2020 ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 573 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF USING POSSIBILITIES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF REITERATIONS, POETIC ADDRESS AND POETIC INQUIRIES IN NABATI CREATIVITY Khadija Iskenderli1 Abstract: The characteristics of using couplets of phoneme even the whole possibilities of different kinds of poetics piece. Nonetheless Nabati is one reiterations, poetic address and poetic of the poets that used with great inquiries in his creativity were competence of expressive possibilities of investigated, the researches dedicated on literary addresses. The research showed Nabati poetry in the dissertation are that literary recital means are in the made out. This article describes that effect and mutual coherence on the basis tough we come across the concrete of complicated mechanism in the poems dissections in Nabati creativity, the of Nabati and creates the whole poetic poetics of the poet wasn.t investigated in system. There is a serious necessity to the completed form in terms of the main the comprehensive research of this parameters. Neverthelesss poetic system. accomplishing such an investigation world help to identify the parameters Introduction stipulated the distinctiveness of the In an exemplary piece of work poet’s literary heritage. The “Fuzuli creativity” monograph in the investigation showed that voice area of learning the poetics of the reiteration takes an important place in the classics of Azerbaijani literature the reiterations system of Nabati outstanding academic and author Mir diwan(selected poems of a poet) .
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Ottoman Poetry
    151 equal we must come down to modern times when the al- tered state of social matters renders it comparatively so much more easy for a Turkish woman to develop and express what intellectual gifts she may possess. The article on Fitnet Khanim in Fati'n Efendi's Tezkire is as usual of the slightest, and later writers such as Zihni Efendi the author of 'Famous Women', and Ahmed Mukh- tcir Efendi, who has compiled a little book entitled 'Our Poetesses,' have been able to add but little to his meagre details. This poetess, whose personal name was Zubeyde, belonged to a talented and distinguished family, her father, Mehemmed Es^ad Efendi, being Sheykh-ul-Islam under Mah- mud I, and her brother, Mehemmed Sherif Efendi, holding the same high office under '^Abd-ul-Hamid I. The father is said to have been skilled in music, an extraordinary accom- pHshmcnt in a member of the 'ulcma, while both he and his son were gifted, though in far less measure than his daughter, with poetic talent. Fitnet was unfortunate in her marriage, her husband, Dervish Efendi, who became a Qadi- ^Askcr of Rumelia under Seli'm III, being a man without ability and utterly unwortiiy of iiis brilliant wife. When it is added that I'itnct died in the year i 194 (1780), all that is known concerning her life-story has been told. 'I'lie unlucky union of the poetess with Dervish I'^feiuli lias formed a text for more than one subseijuent writer. 'I liiis '\v./.r\ Molla, who lloiiiisiud (liiiiiii; tlu' cailiri part of the niiu;t(:(:iith century, when upbraiding the 'Sphere' in hi'i Milinet-Kirslian for its ill-treat nicnl of poets as a race, marvels why this malicious powei should have niadi- 'an ass lil:i- i)(ivisli Fleiidi' the hiisbaml oj l-'itnet, aihhiij; how nilineet il \v,|-; thai she shnuld be the wile ol thai oldni.in.
    [Show full text]
  • MEVLANA JALALUDDİN RUMİ and SUFISM
    MEVLANA JALALUDDİN RUMİ and SUFISM (A Dervish’s Logbook) Mim Kemâl ÖKE 1 Dr. Mim Kemâl ÖKE Mim Kemal Öke was born in Istanbul in 1955 to a family with Central Asian Uygur heritage. Öke attended Şişli Terakki Lyceum for grade school and Robert College for high school. After graduating from Robert College in 1973, he went to England to complete his higher education in the fields of economics and history at Cambridge University. He also specialized in political science and international relations at Sussex, Cambridge, and Istanbul universities. In 1979 he went to work at the United Nation’s Palestine Office. He returned to Turkey in 1980 to focus on his academic career. He soon became an assistant professor at Boğaziçi University in 1984 and a professor in 1990. In 1983, TRT (Turkish Radio and Television Corporation) brought Öke on as a general consulting manager for various documentaries, including “Voyage from Cadiz to Samarkand in the Age of Tamerlane.” Up until 2006 he was involved in game shows, talk shows, news programs and discussion forums on TRT, as well as on privately owned channels. He also expressed his evaluations on foreign policy in a weekly syndicated column, “Mim Noktası” (Point of Mim). Though he manages to avoid administrative duties, he has participated in official meetings abroad on behalf of the Turkish Foreign Ministry. Throughout his academic career, Öke has always prioritized research. Of his more than twenty works published in Turkish, English, Urdu and Arabic, his writings on the issues of Palestine, Armenia, Mosul, and the Caliphate as they relate to the history of Ottoman and Turkish foreign policy are considered foundational resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Enlightenment Movement and Cultural Revival In
    THE ENLIGHTENMENT MOVEMENT AND CULTURAL REVIVAL IN AZERBAIJAN IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY By Turkay Gasimova Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Alfred J. Rieber Second Reader: Professor Karl Hall CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2016 Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i Abstract In this thesis I focus on the late 19th century Azerbaijani history from the perspective of intellectual history. I mainly talk about the Enlightenment Movement with an emphasize on the intellectual debates on Religion and Secularism. Intellectual influences of the newly emerged intelligentsia with a special focus on cultural and intellectual life in Baku is also one of the main focal points of the presented work. My main argument in the thesis is that, without cultural and intellectual revival of late 19th century, which became possible with Baku oil boom, establishing the first Democratic Republic in Muslim world in 1918 wouldn’t be possible. I start with Baku Oil Boom of 1870s and continue with the establishment of the first Azerbaijani newspaper, “Akinchi” and then after examining the main intellectual debates, I conclude the thesis with the two most influential Azerbaijani intellectuals of the late 19th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Tasawuf Dalam KesusasteAn Indonesia Dan Azerbaijan: Soal-Soal Tipologi
    Hubungan Habib Zarbaliyev doktor ilmu bahasa, profesor; Zaman Askerli doktor ilmu bahasa, profesor TASAWUF DALAM KESUSASTEAN INDONESIA DAN AZERBAIJAN: SOAL-SOAL TIPOLOGI asawuf yang tersebar di seluruh dunia Muslimin mandang Cinta sebagai dasar terciptanya seluruh alam sebagai ajaran sastra, filsafat, keagamaan-ideo- semesta hingga melahirkan syairnya yang berjudul Tlogis memiliki sifat-sifat khas yang disesuaikan “Khosrow dan Syirin”: dengan kondisi sosial-politik dan spiritual-keagamaan di setiap negeri dan setiap masyarakat Muslim, tetapi Eşqdir mehrabı uca göylərin, semua sifat sufisme ini terikat pada kesamaan tipologis Eşqsiz, ey dünya, nədir dəyərin?! tertentu. Sebagai contoh kekhususan dari kesamaan- Eşqin qulu ol ki, doğru yol budur, kesamaan tersebut adalah pertapaan, pandang bahwa Ariflər yanında, bil, eşq uludur. alam sebagai material yang fana, pembersihan jiwa, Bu dünya eşqdir, qalan fırıldaq, pembersihan dan penyempurnaan moral-rohani, ke- Eşqdən başqa şey – boş bir oyuncaq. mutlakan ditempuh demi mencapainya tingkat-tingkat Eşqsiz bu dünya soyuq məzardır, yang tertentu dalam mendekatkan diri kepada Allah. Ancaq eşq evində rahatlıq vardır. Tetapi konsepsi ajaran sufisme dan golongan-golongan Göylər yaransaydı eşqdən azad, kebathinan itu sendiri adalah pengenalan, kedekatan, Düşün, olardımı Yer üzü azad?! [Nizami 2004, 50] dan berujung pada tingkat kepasrahan diri kepada Allah. Beragam cara untuk mengenal dan mendekat Penyair Azerbaijan, Syah Ismail Khatai, memandang kepada Allah ini justru yang membedakan antara go- Cinta sebagai cara peninggian rohani. Dalam salah satu longan sufi yang satu dengan yang lain. Salah satu dari puisinya, Cinta digambarkan sebagai simbol langsung beragam cara tersebut – yang merupakan cara utama manifestasi kepada Allah. Protagonis liriknya mengang- – adalah cinta ketuhanan, cinta kepada Robb-Nya. Baik gap bahwa Cinta adalah sifat terbaik yang ada dalam dalam karya-karya Hamzah Fansuri maupun penyair- diri manusia.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Ottoman Poetry
    51 told against him, and still more the extreme penury in which the greater part of his life was passed. This compelled him to place his immediate wants before all else ; he could not afford to work for art's sake alone, and many of his verses were written either for money or in the hopes of gaining it. That under such conditions he should have attained the high position that he did proves him to have been possessed of more than ordinary ability, and the remark of the critics quoted by Latifi is well-founded that it must have been by sheer force of native talent that a man without education, who had never sat at the feet of muderris or professor, was able to produce works of imaginative art that filled the cultured with admiration and amazement. The biographer just mentioned waxes enthusiastic when discussing Zati's gifts; not only is he the most prolific of the lyrists, but had it not been for his deafness and his poverty it is certain that not one of all tliose who went before or followed after him could have approached him, for he would have been uiiif|uc in the cycle and pre-eminent on the earth; 'many an age must the circling heavens roll ere mother earth bring forth to the world fiom the womb of nature one of loft\' genius like to i)ini.' 'i'lic wrilci' adds thai tin- critics are agreed that he was a master in subtile fancies and imaginative language, and compared him to the IV-rsian pott She\kh Kem.il;' for which among the arts of |ioetr\- did lie not |)ractise, and to what virgin lanc\' did iiol his |)ieriiiu; wit attain:' L.ttih's, liow(;ver, is no .it imie Uhnd .k hnii ion ; he is .il>l<' ,((• to the weakness as well a.
    [Show full text]
  • An Approach to Study of Tasavvuf in Albanian Literature: from Conception to the Tasavvuf Attendance
    ISSN 2411-9598 (Print) European Journal of September-December 2015 ISSN 2411-4103 (Online) Language and Literature Studies Volume 1 Issue 3 An Approach to Study of Tasavvuf in Albanian Literature: From Conception to the Tasavvuf Attendance Dr. Adem Balaban Department of Turkish Language and Literature Faculty of Philology and Education email: [email protected] Dr. Bünyamin Çağlayan Department of Turkısh Language and Literature, Lecturer email:[email protected] Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rahım Ombashı Department of Communication Sciences, Lecturer email: rombashi@ beder.edu.al Hëna e Plotë - BEDER University, Tirana, Albanıa Abstract Hafiz Ali Korça had singled Islamic mysticism and its poetics, the tasavvuf, Oriental Sufi literature of Omar Khayyam. Nezim Berati, author of the Divan, the names mutesavvif. The form and manner of spiritual cleansing, uplifting, lighting internal and external, in order to obtain the agreement of God and eternal bliss, has singled out the Eqrem Çabej to Naim Frashëri poetic beginnings. Religious feelings helped him strengthen ethnic sense. The Divan, in complex form of oriental supplied popular culture, written text spoken text (sung text). Paid the debt that had to Albanian oral literary culture. The study will argue that the Albanian literature is added value. Our history of the spiritual culture of literary monuments go 4. The Divan first Albanian has pure literary discourse. It is a way of being self-sufficient. The truth of gazellas, his kasidas possible. Marked what could happen. The event provided the writers figured through the process of story, description or image. Real size of fables not lose, time and space are not fantasy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Ph. D. THESIS on FUZULİ (FUZULİ HAKKINDA BİR DOKTORA ÇALIŞMASI) Dr. Hamide DEMİREL Thesis Which I Have Submitted To
    A Ph. D. THESIS ON FUZULİ (FUZULİ HAKKINDA BİR DOKTORA ÇALIŞMASI) Dr. Hamide DEMİREL Thesis which I have submitted to the Faculty of Arts in the University of Durham for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy is "A STUDY OF THE POET FUZULI (c. 1480-1556) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HIS TURKISH, PERSIAN AND ARABIC DIVANS". In this article I have discussed few of his themes where the ideas seem to me to be good examples of Fuzuli's art and thought, and have attempted to assess his importance in Eastern literature. Muhammed Ibn Sulayman, known by the pen-name Fuzuli was one of the great Turkish poets of the later middle ages. He lived all his life in 'Iraq",1 and was buried at Karbala (963/1556). During his time cIraq was ruled by the White Sheep (Aq Qoyunlu) Turkman dynasty, by the Safavids (1508-1534) and by the Ottoman Turks. In 941 /1534 Baghdad fell without resistance to an Ottoman army under the Grand Vazir Ibrahim Pasha, and Sultan2 Sulayman entered the city, where he remained with the troops till the following spring. Fuzuli addressed qasidas (panegyric odes) to Sulayman, to Ibrahim Pasha, and to other members of the Sultan's entourage in Baghdad. In religion Fuzuli certainly seems to have been devoted to the Prophet's family, but his mystic outlook placed him above sectarianism. He wrote his works in the three important Islamic languages and in the literary genres current in his time. Four­ teen of his verse and prose works in three languages, Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, are definitely known, and there are other works which are attributed to him.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Versus Religion: the Influence of European Materialism on Turkish Thought, 1860-1960
    Science versus Religion: The Influence of European Materialism on Turkish Thought, 1860-1960 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Serdar Poyraz, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Carter V. Findley, Advisor Jane Hathaway Alan Beyerchen Copyright By Serdar Poyraz 2010 i Abstract My dissertation, entitled “Science versus Religion: The Influence of European Materialism on Turkish Thought, 1860-1960,” is a radical re-evaluation of the history of secularization in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. I argue that European vulgar materialist ideas put forward by nineteenth-century intellectuals and scientists such as Ludwig Büchner (1824-1899), Karl Vogt (1817-1895) and Jacob Moleschott (1822-1893) affected how Ottoman and Turkish intellectuals thought about religion and society, ultimately paving the way for the radical reforms of Kemal Atatürk and the strict secularism of the early Turkish Republic in the 1930s. In my dissertation, I challenge traditional scholarly accounts of Turkish modernization, notably those of Bernard Lewis and Niyazi Berkes, which portray the process as a Manichean struggle between modernity and tradition resulting in a linear process of secularization. On the basis of extensive research in modern Turkish, Ottoman Turkish and Persian sources, I demonstrate that the ideas of such leading westernizing and secularizing thinkers as Münif Pasha (1830-1910), Beşir Fuad (1852-1887) and Baha Tevfik (1884-1914) who were inspired by European materialism provoked spirited religious, philosophical and literary responses from such conservative anti-materialist thinkers as Şehbenderzade ii Ahmed Hilmi (1865-1914), Said Nursi (1873-1960) and Ahmed Hamdi Tanpınar (1901- 1962).
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Manuscripts on Medicine and Pharmacy Ref N° 2004-03
    MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPTS ON MEDICINE AND PHARMACY REF N° 2004-03 PART A-ESSENTIAL INFORMATION 1. Summary The present collection of medical manuscripts is unique. Some of these manuscripts are available only in this collection. Only a few manuscripts of other books have been recorded in the manuscript depositories of the World. However, all of these books are fundamental works and once were widely used all over the Muslim World. With time many manuscripts were lost. Therefore, the present collection is unique and irreplaceable. It is kept by the Institute of Manuscript of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (IMANAS) named after Mahammad Fuzuli. Three items are being nominated for inscription on the Register as a set of documents on a specific theme. These are the: o Zakhirai-Nizamshahi (Supplies Of Nizamshah) by Rustam Jurjani. o Al-Qanun Fi at-Tibb (Canon Of Medicine, The Second Book) by Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna). o Al-Makala as-Salasun (Thirteen Treatise) by Abu al-Qasim al-Zahravi (Abulcasis). 2. DETAILS OF THE NOMINATOR 2.1 Name (person or organization) – Institute of Manuscript of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (IMANAS) named after Mahammad Fuzuli 2.2 Relationship to the documentary heritage nominated - Nominated by the organization preserving the documentary heritage. 2.3 Contact person(s) – Adilov Mamed Musa oglu, the director of the Institute of Manuscripts of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (IMANAS). 2.4 Contact details ( include address, phone, fax, e-mail) The Institute of Manuscripts of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (IMANAS) . 8, Istiglaliyyat street , Baki-1, Azerbaijan Tel: ( 99412) 92-31-97 e-mail: [email protected] 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 63 Elbrus Ali VALIYEV, MORPHEMES WHICH CREATE VERB AND
    Elbrus Ali Valiyev. Morphemes which create verb and adjective ... UDC 81 DOI https://doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863.0/25.178940 Elbrus Ali VALIYEV, orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-2240 Candidate of Philological Sciences, Head Teacher the chair of the Azerbaijan language and literature of Nakhchivan State University (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan) [email protected] MORPHEMES WHICH CREATE VERB AND ADJECTIVE IN MUHAMMAD FUZULI’S POETRY The article examines the phenomena of Mohammed Fuzuli’s poetry creativity. The study of the phenomena and characteristics of the facial features selected from the various poems. There are many articles written by linguists, about unique of poets linguistic features. However, morphological features of the poetry language especially morphological aspects of the notional parts of speech have not been studied yet. Therefore, the goal aim of this little article, is investigate the use of the derivative verbs and derivative adjective, created by lexical morpheme which widely used in poetry. As we can see, most of these lexical suffixes is created transitive verbs from intransitive verbs or on the contrary intransitive verbs from transitive verbs. In the next articles, we will investigate other poets and writers. It is not wrong to say that he make his best for the development, purification and formation of our literary language, which is legalized and raised to the state language level by Shah Ismail Khatai and Nasimi. The first writer which have a special position in the history of Azerbaijan literature, especially in Eastern literature without any exaggeration is Muhammad Fuzuli. We can note that the outstanding writer M. Fuzuli is not only writer, at the same time a linguist.
    [Show full text]