World Bank Document

The World Bank Loan Project Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Loan Natural Heritage Protection and

Development II Project

Social Assessment Report on Construction of

Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized Gansu Huigu Science &Technology Consulting Co. Ltd.

April 2020

Social assessment Report for Sub-project of Yangba Tea Culture

Scenic Spot in Kang County

Report Editing Team

Educational No. Name Major Position Background Environmental 1 Ding Wenguang Doctor of Science Director, Professor sociology 2 Jiang Xuehua Bachelor Social work General Manger 3 Gao Xuelian Master Social Security Project official 4 Yang Xiaoai Master Social Security Project official 5 Tang Yaping Bachelor Social work Project official Business 6 Shi Liuyan Bachelor Project official English 7 Li Weili Master Social Security Technician

Contents

Abstract ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Positive Impacts of the Project ...... 1 Negative Impacts of the Project ...... 1 Potential Social Risks of the Project...... 2 Suggestions and Mitigation Measures: ...... 2 1. Summary of Social Impact Assessment ...... 5 1.1 Project Overview...... 5 1.2 Necessity of Social Assessment ...... 5 1.3 Purpose of Social Assessment ...... 6 1.4 Significance of Social Assessment ...... 6 1.5 Task of Social Assessment ...... 7 1.6 Methods of Social Impact Assessment ...... 8 1.6.1 Direct Observation ...... 8 1.6.2 Semi-structured Interview ...... 8 1.6.3 Key Person Interviews ...... 9 1.6.4 Group meeting ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.6.5 Questionnaire survey ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.7 Logical Framework Diagram ...... 11 1.8 Sources of social assessment data ...... 13 1.8.1 First-hand Data ...... 13 1.8.2 Second-hand Data ...... 13 2. Overview of Project Area ...... 15 2.1 Basic Overview of the Project Area ...... 15 2.1.1 Overview of Yangba Township ...... 15 2.1.2 Overview of Village Affected by the Project ...... 17 2.2 Project Impacts on Vulnerable Groups ...... 20 3. Demographic Analysis of Project Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Current Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Project Area ..... 21 4.1 Protection Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Project Area. 22 4.1.1 Protection Policy and Planning ...... 22 4.1.2 Problems in the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage ..... 22 4.2 Development Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage Tourism in the Project Area ...... 23 4.2.1 Tourism Development Policy and Planning ...... 23 4.2.2 Current Status of Tourism Development ...... 23 4.2.3 Problems in the Process of Tourism Development ...... 24 4.3 Management Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Project Area25 4.3.1 Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage Management ...... 25 4.3.2 Problems in the Process of Cultural Natural Heritage Management ...... 26 II

5. Needs Assessment of Stakeholder Groups in the Project Area ...... 27 5.1 Identification of Stakeholder Groups ...... 27 5.2 Needs Assessment of Stakeholder Group...... 28 5.2.1 Needs of Government Departments ...... 28 5.2.2 Needs of Community Villagers ...... 29 5.2.3 The Needs of Business Operator ...... 30 5.2.4 The Needs of Tourists ...... 31 5.2.5 The Needs of Poor People ...... 31 5.2.6 The Needs of Women in the Community ...... 32 5.2.7 The Needs of Households affected by Land AcquisitionError! Bookmark not defined. 6. Public Participation ...... 33 6.1 Public Participation in the Social assessment Process ...... 33 6.1.1 Group Meeting ...... 33 6.1.2 Questionnaire Survey...... 35 6.1.3 Key Person Interviews ...... 35 6.2 Analysis of Public Participation Results ...... 35 6.2.1 Government Department ...... 36 6.2.2 Community Villagers...... 37 6.2.3 Commercial Operators ...... 38 6.2.4 Tourists ...... 39 7. Project Social Risk Analysis ...... 41 7.1 Identification of Social Risks...... 41 7.1.1 Risk that service facilities cannot meet the needs of tourists ...... 41 7.1.2 Risk of low participation of community organizations ...... 41 7.1.3 Risk of moral degradation of community villagers ...... 41 7.1.4 Natural disaster risk ...... 42 7.1.5 Risks of ecological environmental protection and alternative livelihoods ...... 42 7.2 Preventive measures for social risks of the project ...... 42 7.2.1 Risk mitigation measures for service facilities that cannot meet the needs of tourists ...... 42 7.2.2 Risk mitigation measures with low participation of community organizations ...... 42 7.2.3 Risk mitigation measures for moral degradation of community villagers ...... 43 7.2.4 Mitigation measures for natural disaster risk ...... 43 8. Project Social Impact Analysis ...... 44 8.1.1 Impact on government officials ...... 44 8.1.3 Impact on commercial operators ...... 44 8.1.4 Impact on tourists ...... 45 8.1.5 Impact on women ...... 45 8.1.6 Impact on the poor ...... 45 8.2 Positive Impacts of the Project ...... 45 8.3 The Negative Impact of the Project ...... 47 III

9. Community organizations participate in the protection and development of cultural natural heritage ...... 48 9.1 The Role of Community Organization Participation ...... 48 9.2 Community Organization Participation Mechanism ...... 49 9.2.1 Creating the Community Organization ...... 49 9.2.2 Capacity Building for Community Organization ...... 49 9.3 Basic Rights to Participate in Community Organization、 ...... 49 10. Conclusions and Suggestions ...... 51 10.1 Conclusions ...... 51 10.2 Suggestions and Mitigation Measures ...... 52 Annex : Questionnaires ...... 55 Questionnaire 1: Questionnaire for Local Officials in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project ...... 55 Questionnaire 2: Questionnaire for Community Villagers in Scenic Spots in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project ...... 57 Questionnaire 3: Questionnaire for Business Operators in Scenic Spots in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project ...... 59 Questionnaire 4: Questionnaire for Tourists in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project ...... 61

Abstract

Due to the adjustment of project areas, two scenic spots of Kongtong Mountain Scenic Spot in Kongtong District, Yunya Temple Scenic Spot in Zhuanglang County were dropped from the World Bank Loan Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project. And the Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County is newly added with a total investment of RMB 75 million to carry out the cultural heritage protection, development and promotion activities.

A social assessment was done by a professional consulting team of Gansu Huigu Technology Consulting Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to “Huigu Consulting”). The field surveys of the Construction Project of Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County was conducted from August 12 to August 26, 2019. The survey team completed 255 questionnaires in total, including 117 questionnaires of community villagers, 38 questionnaires of business operators, 14 questionnaires of government officials , and 86 questionnaires of tourists.

The social assessment team visited the Kang County project areas to carry out the field research on the interests of tourists, community villagers, poor people, government agencies, and business operators within the scope of the project. Main methods adopted are the participatory rural assessment method, which combine direct observation, questionnaires, group meetings, semi-structured interviews, key person interviews, and gender elements were considered to understand the problems that need to be addressed in the development of the scenic spot, and the ideas and opinions of the villagers and other stakeholders were absorbed and reflected in this report.

The main conclusions of the social assessment include four aspects: positive impacts, negative impacts, potential social risk factors, suggestions and mitigation measures for the project.

Positive Impacts of the Project: (1) Improve the level of local economic development. (2) Promote the cultural protection of heritages. (3) Increase the employment opportunities and enrich income-generating resources. (4) Empower more women for social and economic engagement. (5) Enhance the community participation and development. (6) Improve the visibility of Yangba Scenic Area.

Negative Impacts of the Project: (1) Bring in conflicts with local values and ethics. (2) Dust and noise will be temporarily generated during the project construction.

Potential Social Risks of the Project: (1) Insufficient service facilities in the scenic spot in the face of increasing tourists' needs. (2) Lack of participation of community organizations. (3) Moral degradation of community villagers in commercial tourism business. (4) Contradictions between ecological environmental protection and local people’s alternative livelihoods. (5) Risk of influx of workers and issues of public security. (6)The spread of COVID-19 virus may lead to large-scale infection of migrant workers or increase the opportunities of infection. It affects the local emergency and medical services, and may have impacts on the progress of project construction.

Suggestions and mitigation measures: (1) Raise awareness of tourists of environment and security, put garbage collection stations and facilities in a rational way, promote green tourism concept that reduces solid wastes pollution in the scenic spot; in addition, the banners and signs of safety promotion should be set in the scenic areas that remind the visitors to pay attention to. (2) Construction units reasonably arrange the construction time to avoid the excavation of earthwork during the rainy season, avoid the construction at night or other sensitive time in project communities, avoid transporting construction materials during peak time of tourists and crowded period of the community. (3) Adopt methods such as controlling ticket sales to reduce the burden of ecological carrying capacity. According to the maximum carrying capacity of the approved scenic spot, the number of ticket sales, the reservation brigade, and the balance of the peak season will be adopted to alleviate the ecological carrying capacity and balance the ecosystem. (4) It is also suggested that the PPMO engage a third-party consulting agency to enhance the comprehensive service capacity of community villagers to participate in the scenic spot through capacity building. (5) Incubate community organizations and increase community participation. Engage the third-party organizations to foster community organizations that are actively involved and energetic, and develop strategic planning for community organizations, build communication platforms for community villagers to participate in scenic spot, strengthen the functions of community organizations, and increase the participation of community villagers and share the development results of the scenic spot. At the same time, the proportion of female members is required to be no less than 30%. Women are encouraged to participate in various meetings and training organized by community organizations and scenic spots management office, and women are encouraged to participate in the service industry such as catering, tea, handicraft and embroidery. (6) Facilitate the improvement of community alternative livelihoods. The third-party consultation agency should be engaged to provide the community villager with 2

relevant training on alternative livelihood and specific skills and help them to find the alternative livelihood as well as improve the livelihood skills of community villagers. (7) Maintain stable staff of project offices at various levels and related organizations. The PMO of the Project”, which consists of staff from relevant government functional departments and includes social staff to manage social safeguards and social development elements of the project. The social staff of PMO shall be trained on project social safeguards management and stay stable in the team without frequent changes. (8) Promote social gender equality and empower women. The survey team recommends that the proportion of female members is clearly required to be no less than 30%, and women participation is also required in the management of community organizations when establishing a community organization. Women should also be encouraged to participate in various meetings and training organized by community organizations and scenic management committees, and to participate in the service industry such as catering, tea art, handicraft, embroidery and other business. Women should be equally treated as same as men during the recruitment. In addition, the responsible person should strengthen the staff management and increase the night patrol to avoid the security accidents. (9) Prevention measures for COVID-19: Gansu local regulations and requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19 and the World Bank ESF/Safeguards Interim Note: COVID-19 considerations in construction/civil works projects shall be observed and also applied to contractors/subcontractors. ① Entry/exit to the work site should be controlled and documented for both workers and other parties, including support staff and suppliers. ② Training workers and staff on site on the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect themselves (including regular handwashing and social distancing) and what to do if they or other people have symptoms. ③ Ensuring handwashing facilities supplied with soap, disposable paper towels and closed waste bins exist at key places throughout site, including at entrances/exits to work areas; where there is a toilet, canteen or food distribution, or provision of drinking water; in worker accommodation; at waste stations; at stores; and in common spaces. Where handwashing facilities do not exist or are not adequate, arrangements should be made to set them up. Alcohol based sanitizer (if available, 60-95% alcohol) can also be used. ④ Conduct regular and thorough cleaning of all site facilities, including offices, accommodation, canteens, common spaces. Review cleaning protocols for key construction equipment (particularly if it is being operated by different workers). ⑤ Training cleaners in proper hygiene (including handwashing) prior to, during and after conducting cleaning activities; how to safely use PPE (where required); in waste control (including for used PPE and cleaning materials). ⑥ Where it is anticipated that cleaners will be required to clean areas that have been or are suspected to have been contaminated with COVID-19, providing them with appropriate PPE: gowns or aprons, gloves, eye protection (masks, goggles or 3

face screens) and boots or closed work shoes. If appropriate PPE is not available, cleaners should be provided with best available alternatives. ⑦ Consider changes to work processes and timings to reduce or minimize contact between workers, recognizing that this is likely to impact the project schedule. ⑧ For further information see WHO COVID-19 advice for the public and ILO Standards).

1. Summary of Social Assessment

1.1 Project Overview Due to the project adjustment in the mid-term review, the sub-project of Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County is newly added with estimated investment of RMB 75 million. The main construction and infrastructure construction of Kang County sub-project will be implemented in Taiping Village, Tianba Village and Shangba Village of Yangba Township by Kang County Culture, Sport, Broadcast and Television Bureau and Tourism Bureau.

The expanded Kangxian County Tourism and Community Improvements Subproject will include tourism development through construction of a 1,200 m2 tourist service center, a 1,200 m2 village show platform, a 2 km timber walkway, a 2 km stone walkway, public space greening and ancillary works in Taiping Village, Yangba Town; upgrading of a 70 mu tea cultural experience garden, a 20 mu of vegetable farming and leisure experience area, renovating the existing giant salamander protection center to a 1,384 m2 health management center, a 360 m2 tea cultural heritage showroom, a 3 km timber walkway and 1 km stone walkway, a 2,000 m2 tourist service station and ancillary works in new Tianba Village, Yangba Town; Construction of 1,200 m2 tourist service center, three parking lots of 2,000 m2, seven public toilets, 3,000 m water supply pipelines, 3,200 m storm drainage piping networks, a sewer collection and transport system, upgrading power supply facilities, and ancillary works. It will also finance a village tourism association and provide tourist service related to skill training to enable the community to be well integrated in local tourism development.

1.2 Background of Social Assessment Social assessment refers to the assessment and prediction of the possible impact of development projects on the social environment. The international conventions have elaborated on the necessity of social assessment of cultural and natural heritage protection and development. For example, the “Guidelines for the Implementation of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” states that each heritage sites should be systematically assessed according to the relevant criteria, of which including its current status comparing with the situation of similar sites within or without the state. The “Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions” states that the special circumstances and needs of women and different social groups, including ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples, should be given more attention. It is illustrated that the social assessment conducted in the early stage of the project is vital to the implementation of the project in the later stages.

The project implementation of sub-project construction of Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County needs to make comprehensive surveys on social economy, human environment and policy environment of Taiping, Tianba and Shangba Village of Yangba Township in Kang County. The survey team collected the information and data on local social economy, ethnic religions, customs and other aspects and evaluated the needs of different stakeholder groups. The implementation of social assessment is not only provide the reference for project feasibility research, but also predict the impacts of the future project implementation on the scenic spot and the communities involved. Social assessment is a prerequisite for project development and an effective basis for the smooth implementation of the project.

Although Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County has rich natural and cultural resources, its ecological environment is relatively fragile, geological disasters occur frequently, and natural cultural heritage protection and development are relatively backward. Through the implementation of social impact assessment, it is necessary that the helpful suggestions is proposed to suit the local conditions and regional development.

1.3 Purposes of Social Assessment (1) Understand the basic situation of social and economic development in Taiping, Tianba and Shangba Village of Yangba Township, and analyze the main social factors affecting the realization of the project objectives. (2) Identify the key stakeholder groups, conduct the project activities involving major stakeholder groups, and analyze their needs, especially the needs of the poor, women and ethnic minorities involved and the impacts of the project on them. (3) Evaluate the potential positive and negative impacts of the project and analyze the social risks that the project may bring. (4) Incorporate the social factors related to project achievement into the project design, propose the measures to avoid or reduce negative social impacts, and formulate mitigation plans to deal with the risks or negative impacts.

(5) Identify suitable measures to mitigate negative impacts. Engage project communities and people through participation in the project and recommend actions to address social risks and impacts

1.4 Significance of Social Assessment (1) Make sure that the investment construction plan and construction content of Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County can better meet and reflect the demands of stakeholders and ensure the comprehensiveness and sustainability of project implementation. 6

(2) Provide the support of proper policies for the project implementation and ensure the effectiveness of policies, project plans, construction through the social impact assessment. (3) Make the policies, programs, projects, and projects more inclusive through the stakeholder’ engagement and diverse community involvement. The stakeholder groups involved in the project include government officials, community villagers, scenic business operators, tourists, women, ethnic minorities, poor people, and vulnerable groups. The survey team interviewed with different stakeholders involved trough the participatory evaluation method, and strove to reflect the interests of different groups. And a set of project investment construction programs has been formulated so that the stakeholder groups involved in the project can profit from project. (4) The social assessment helps to alleviate the social conflicts, as the project will involve the vital interests of the villagers in the planning and construction process. We can deeply understand the needs of community villagers, fully consider the social problems that may be brought by project implementation, and avoid social conflicts through the social impact assessment. (5)The social assessment helps to protect the rights and interests of stakeholders, which reflecting the people-oriented philosophy. The philosophy of World Bank of “alleviating absolute poverty and sharing economic prosperity” fully demonstrates the importance attached to people. Through the exchanges and interviews with relevant project interest groups, it embodies the importance attached to the local people and their interests. Local people live here for generations and have the right to obtain corresponding benefits from local development and construction. The social assessment evaluate the project impacts on different stakeholder groups by reflecting the needs of local people, which is consistent with the philosophy of World Bank and fully embodies the people-oriented philosophy. (6) The social assessment helps to make up for government decision-making defects. In the process of policy formulation and implementation, local governments often have the loopholes and lack of effective monitoring mechanisms, which makes it difficult to take into account the interests of all. Through the data collection and public opinion survey of the project area in Kang County, a large amount of valuable information and grassroots opinions are obtained, and the social impact of the implementation of the World Bank project is appraised to help to make up for government decision-making defects and has significant meaning on formulating local government policies and plans.

1.5 Task of Social Assessment Under the leadership of PPMO of World Bank Loan Cultural Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project, the SA survey team obtained the data of social evaluation preparation through the field research, participatory assessment and

literature research. According to the Guidelines for the Performance Evaluation of International Financial Organization Loan Projects issued by World Bank Organization and China’s Ministry of Finance, the social assessment report of Construction of Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot has been written by the SA survey team.

1.6 Methods of Social Assessment The social assessment team interviewed with the stakeholder groups involved in the construction of the Tea Culture Scenic Spot (including the Kang County Culture and Sports and Tourism Bureau, the Kang County Natural Resources Bureau, and the Kang County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Kang County Poverty Alleviation Office, Kang County Human Resource Office, villagers and business operators, tourists in the scenic area and surrounding areas) through the PRA method. Also the method of holding group meeting s, questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews, key person interviews and direct observations have been conducted to obtain first-hand information. Poor people, women, ethnic minorities and other vulnerable groups are focused during this social impact assessment.

1.6.1 Direct Observation

After reaching the assessment area, the SA team members observed the surroundings first, such as road conditions (paths or highways), forests, agricultural land, houses, locals dress, appearance and mental state. These observations can provide information about local economic conditions and provide the references for social impact assessment.

1.6.2 Semi-structured Interview

Semi-structured interview is a way for interviewers to talk directly with respondents to obtain information, and is an important way to obtain information from illiterate and semi-literate groups. Based on the purpose and theme of the survey, the survey team analyzed the possible factors to form the subject and sub-themes. Throughout the interview process, the team changed the subtopics and ask questions to learn more about some of the issues of interest after getting more knowledge from the subject of the interview. During the research process, the social assessment team needs to conduct a questionnaire survey on community villagers and commercial operators and vendors in the scenic spot. However, due to the low level of education of community villagers, it is difficult to understand the contents of the questionnaire, so it must be step by step through interviews to get the information needed.

Pic 1-2 Interview with commercial operators

1.6.3 Key Person Interviews

Key person interviews refer to the conversations of key people related to the project. Because the key person's occupation and identity are more special than the average person, more detailed local information and materials are available, and more information and data can be obtained in the conversation with key persons. In the survey of Yangba Township, Kang County, the social assessment team collected the information through the meetings and household interviews, and interviewed with key person. Key persons include poor people, women, business operators, scenic workers, government department staff, tourists and etc,.

(1) Poor people

Pic 1-3 Interview with the Poor People Pic1-4 Interview with the Poor People

(2) Women

Pic 1-5 Interview with women Pic1-6 Interview with the women

(3) Vulnerable groups

Pic 1-7 Interview with the disabled people Pic1-8 Interview with the elderly people

(4) Commercial operators

Pic 1-9 Interview with commercial operators Pic 1-10 Interview with commercial operators

(5) Scenic staff

Pic 1-11, 1-12

Interview with the staff of scenic spot management office

1.6.4 Group Meeting

The participants of group meeting are usually between 6 and 10 people. The location can be set indoors or outdoors with the content of the event. The host will discuss it with the interviewee. The main purpose is to obtain the information needed for social assessment by listening to their discussions and project suggestions.

Pic 1-13

Group meeting held in Shangba Village Pic 1-14 Group meeting held in Tianba Village

1.6.5 Questionnaire survey

In order to obtain detailed information for social impact assessment, The social assessment team prepared the questionnaire. The survey targeted groups questionnaire mainly include community villagers, local officials, tourists, scenic spot vendors, and scenic spot staff in the project area. Through the questionnaire survey, different stakeholders' attitudes towards the project and different interests appeals are obtained, which provides an important reference for the correct planning, content design and social evaluation of future projects. Questionnaire survey needs to meet the following requirements: cover the project area involving World Bank policies; the sampling ratio is determined according to the size of the affected households, and the sample number is at least 15% of the affected population; Sampling of the poor peole is not less than 20% and women are not less than 30%.

Pic1-15 Questionnaire with farmers Pic 1-16 Questionnaire with farmers

Pic1-17 Questionnaire with tourists Pic 1-18 Questionnaire with tourists

1.7 Logical Framework Diagram

Figure 1-19 Logical Framework of Social Assessment

1.8 Sources of social assessment data

1.8.1 First-hand Data

The members of The social assessment team went to the Yangba Tea Cultural Scenic Spot in Kang County from August 12 to 26, 2019 to conduct social impact research and evaluation activities. First-hand data was obtained through on-the-spot observation and semi-structured interviews, group meeting s, and questionnaire surveys of different stakeholder groups.

1.8.2 Second-hand Data

Second-hand data is also an important source of information about the local situation. During the pre-project preparation phase, The social assessment team developed a detailed data collection checklist to distribute the information list to relevant government departments to ensure the integrity and timeliness of all data collection. The list of information collected by government departments is shown in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 List of data collection by local government departments Kang County Development 1. The 13th Five-Year Development Plan of Kang County and Reform Bureau 2. Development plan of Project Area in Kang County Kang County Culture, 1. Current status of tourism in the county (district) Sports, Radio and Tourism 2. The 13th Five-Year Plan/Thoughts of Tourism in the County Bureau (District) 13

3. Tourism income of the county (district) and tickets of various attractions (nearly 5 years, 2013-2018) 4. Current infrastructure construction of the scenic spot (planned area, number of toilets, number of visitor centers, garbage bins, parking lots, exhibition halls) 5. Annual income of scenic tourism 6. villager population/number of households around the scenic spot of 5km 7. Number/type of farmhouses, number of shops and vendors 8. Number of tour guides (instructors), number of female guides, the hometown of tour guides 9. Average stay time of tourists, source places of tourists 10. The total number of tourists received in the scenic spot, the number of tourists received in 2018 11. Policies and plans for the protection and development of scenic spots 12. Investment funds for the protection of the scenic spot, investment funds for development (2013-2018, or input to be carried out) 13. Cooperation between the farmhouse and the government (investment, loan) 14. The status of villagers participating in the tourism service industry near the scenic spot 15. Local tourism products (material and non-material) 16. Forms of local villagers participating in the tourism service industry 17. The government's policy support for participating in tourism services for villagers near the scenic spot 18. List of local natural and intangible cultural heritage 19. Protection planning, policies, investment projects, etc. of natural and intangible cultural heritage (nearly 5 years) 1. The county (district) poor population (3 years) 2. Per capita annual income of poor people 3. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Poverty Alleviation Kang County Poverty 4. Relevant poverty alleviation policies Alleviation Office 5. Poverty Alleviation Plan / Project 6. The county (district) women population, the poor female population, the annual income of women/poor women, and the poverty alleviation policy for women 1. The labor force output in the area, the number of male and female Kang County Human laborers, age status (nearly 5 years) Resource Office 2. Labor income / year (nearly 5 years) Kang County Natural 1. The latest planning map of the project area (Taiping Village, Tianba Resource Bureau Village, Shangba Village) (status map of land use) Kang County Forestry 1. Forestry planning map of the project area (Taiping Village, Tianba Bureau and grassland Village, Shangba Village)

2. Overview of Project Area

Kang County is located in the southern part of Gansu Province, at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. The climate belongs to the transition zone from subtropical to warm temperate zone. The climate is warm, the annual average temperature is 13℃, the annual rainfall is 800-1100 mm, and the total area is 2967.95 km2. The total area of cultivated land is 600,000 mu. Kang County is rich in natural resources. There are more than 1,400 species of higher plants in 172 families and 96 species of fungi such as fungus, houtou and ganoderma lucidum. There are more than 600 species of wild animals inhabited. The forest coverage rate of the county is as high as 66.7%. Kang County is rich in eco-tourism resources, with two national 4A-level tourist attractions and two 3A-level tourist attractions in the county. Kang County has won the honorary title of “National Whole Country Tourism Demonstration County”, “China's Best Ecological Habitable Tourism Destination”, “China's Most Beautiful Green Eco-tourism County” and “National Leisure Agriculture and Rural Tourism Demonstration County”.

Kang County governs 18 townships and 3 towns with a total population of 201,000 people, which is dominated by Han people, accounting for 99.7% of the total population. There are 16 minority groups including Hui, Man, Tibetan, Zhuang, Yao, Mongolia, Uyghur, Miao, Buyi and Yi. Nationality. The per capita disposable income of rural villagers was 6,588 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of urban villagers was 22,764 yuan. Kang County is a national key poverty-stricken county, including 145 poverty-stricken villages and 141 deep-dwelling villages. At the end of 2018, Kang County had a total of 3,166 households with 1,610 poor households, and the per capita annual income of poor households was 3,800 yuan/year.

The scope of the Yangba tea culture scenic spot involved in this project includes Taiping Village, Tianba Village and Shangba Village of Yangba Township. The detailed physical geography and humanities and social conditions of Yangba Township and the three administrative villages affected by the project are as follows:

2.1 Basic Overview of the Project Area

2.1.1 Overview of Yangba Township

(1) Natural Overview Geological landform: The stratum of Yangba Township is mainly Sinian system, which is a series of interfacial sedimentary rocks and volcanic clastic rocks. The territory of Yangba Township is a mountain-structured basin. The bedrock is granite, with severe weathering and severe erosion. The terrain in the basin is gentle, the valley is open and the terraces are developed. The basin extends north to east and with 15

a hilly terrain.The creeks are in various shapes and the relative height is between 20m and 50m. Hydrological landscape: The rivers in Yangba Township are belong to the Jialing River water system in the Yangtze River Basin. The main rivers are Yanzi River, Yangba River and Taiping River. The watershed is covered by large-area broad-leaved mixed forests and an average natural coverage rate reaches 51%. The upper reaches of the river often form the falling waterfalls, which have high ornamental value. Biological Vegetation: The forest area of Yangba Township is the subtropical warm and humid economic forest area, one of three major forest areas of Kang County. The total area of forest area is 1,376,903 mu, with an altitude of 590m to 1,400m. There are dense forests in the mountains and a wide variety of trees with a coverage rate of 55.6%. There are a variety of subtropical economic forests, which are mainly broad-leaved forests, inter-green tree species, and have good hydrothermal conditions. Climate: Yangba Township is in the transition zone of the north subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone, the annual average temperature is 11℃, and the average temperature of the hottest month (July) is 21.6℃.

(2) Location Conditions Geographical location: Yangba Township is located in the south of Kang County, Longnan City, Gansu Province, is 80 kilometers away from the county seat. It is located at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. It borders Tongqian Town in the east, Yuhe and Wuma Town in Wudu District in the west, and Shaanxi in the south, Ningqiang County in the sourth, Lianghe Township, Sanheba Town in the north. Yangba Townsihp covers an area of 505 km2, the township government is located in Yangba Village. Tourist location: Yangba Township belongs to the Qinba Ecotourism Circle, Dajiuzhai Tourism Circle and Guanzhong Tianshui Tourism Circle. It is located in the core area of the subtropical original ecological leisure experience zone in the “2.3.5.10”tourism space layout determined by Longnan City. Yangba Township is the leading tourist scenic spot in Kang County and a well-known ecological scenic spot in Gansu. It is known as “Xishuangbanna of Gansu Province” and was rated as the most beautiful village and town in China in 2015. Its rare ecological environment in the northwest, mountain water resources, unique cultural history and folk customs, especially the “natural oxygen bar, summer paradise” health holiday climate, have strong attractive for tourists and have the advantage of developing serious tourism location. Traffic location: At present, the traffic conditions of Yangba Township are relatively poor. The main inbound highways include Kangyang Highway, Yangyan Highway and Wuyang Highway. The main road for Kangyang Highway is the asphalt road, and the road conditions are relatively good. Wuyang Highway is a mountain road from Wuma Township to Yangba Township. It is a new cement road with well conditions. Yangyan Road is low quality, which is from the Guangyuan in Sichuan province,

along the Jialing River and flows up to the Yanzibian Bridge to enter Yangba Township.

(3) Social Economy Social development: Yangba Township governs one town committee and 34 village committees, with a total population of 3,069 households with 11,914 people, among which include the agricultural population of 11,114 people. 3,000 permanent villagers live in the township, of which the ageing rate is 16.7%, the employment rate is 8.7%. With the regard of education, there are 24 undergraduate students, accounting for 0.2%, 2,620 people in high school and above, accounting for 22%, 3,810 junior high school students, accounting for 32%, and 5,455 primary school students, accounting for 43%. At the end of 2018, there were 78 households with 257 poor people in Yangba Township, including 122 women, accounting for 47.47%; 22 disabled people with related certification, accounting for 8.56% and 70 people enjoying the basic living allowance, accounting for 27.24%. Industrial economic situation: Based on the unique natural environment, fertile land and abundant resources, Yangba Township has effectively promoted the industrial agglomeration and formed the social economy structure of “ based on agriculture and forestry industry, dominated by tourism industry, extended by the process industry of agriculture and forestry”. First industry: mainly includes food crops (corn, wheat, and a small amount of rice, soybeans, sweet potatoes), economy crops and forest products (tea, fungus, gastrodia, brown flakes, raw lacquer, honey, peanuts, apples, peach, chestnut, medlar, white fungus, houtou, shiitake mushroom and Chinese kiwifruit), Yangba Township is also the main producing area of tea, fungus and gastrodia. The tea garden covers an area of 22,600 mu and the output is 228 tons. The tea has been certified by the national organic certification organization and entered the list of international famous tea. Second industry: mainly based on tea processing, e.g. Longshen Tea Industry Co., Ltd. Third industry: mainly based on tourism, the 4A-class tourist scenic spot in Meiyuangou has been built, and the local government has invested 270 million yuan to build a tea garden covering an area of 65 mu and a tea exhibition hall with the area of 45,000 m2, and devoted to develop eco-tourism, rural tourism, which has become an important support for the economic development of Yangba Township.

2.1.2 Overview of Village Affected by the Project

(1) Taiping Village Taiping Village is located in the southwest of Yangba Township, 23.5 kilometers away from Yangba Township, with an altitude of 870m and a total area of 23 km2. The village has a population of 85 households with 284 people, including 279 agricultural population, 200 people of labor force and 70 people working outside; arable land area of 840 mu, per capita arable land area is 1.3 mu; planting income is

1.36 million yuan, breeding income is 400,000 yuan, commercial income is 30,000 yuan, migrant workers’ income is 1.4 million yuan; the rural economic income reached 3.19 million yuan in 2018, the per capita net income of the village reached 11,232 yuan, and the proportion of agricultural income to rural economic income was 55.2%. The crops are mainly planted with corn and wheat, the economy crop is mainly based on the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, gastrodia, tea and beekeeping. (2) Tianba Village Tianba Village is 20 km away from the town government. The village has 5 cooperatives. The current population is 114 households with 361 people, including 352 agricultural population, 200 labor force, 100 people working outside; the village has 1,215 mu of cultivated land (covering an area of 620 mu), the per capita cultivated area is 3.4 mu; the income from planting industry is 1.444 million yuan, the commercial income is 40,000 yuan, and the income from migrant workers is 2 million yuan; the rural economic income was 3.484 million yuan in 2018, and the per capita net income of the village was 9,650 yuan. The agricultural income accounted for 41.44% of rural economic income. The industrial development of the whole village is mainly based on planting, laboring and breeding. Among them, planting, laboring and breeding have developed rapidly and formed a certain scale. (3) Shangba Village Shangba Village is 80 km away from the county and 0.5 km away from the Yangba Township Government. There are 2 villager groups with 218 households of 596 person, including 585 agricultural population, 360 labor force, 60 people working outside; The village has 715 mu of cultivated land, the per capita arable land area is 1.2 mu; the planting income is 2.18 million yuan, the commercial income is 300,000 yuan, the service industry income is 1.08 million yuan, the income of migrant workers is 660,000 yuan; the rural economic income was 4.22 million yuan in 2018, the village's per capita net income was 7,080 yuan, the proportion of agricultural income to rural economic income was 51.7%. The leading industries are mainly tea and gastrodia cultivation.

Table 2-1 Social and economic situation of affected villages in the project area

Income of Proportion Income Migrant Working of Population Per Per Rural Agricultural Arable Capita Number Capita Towns Economic Income to Village Land Arable Comme Service of Net hip Planting Breeding Total Income Total Rural Land rcial Industry People Income (mu) Income Income Income Economic Househ Agricultural Labor (mu) Income Income who (Yuan) (Yuan) Population Income old Population Force (Yuan) (Yuan) working (Yuan) (Yuan) (Yuan) （） outside %

Taiping 85 284 279 200 840 1.3 1,360,000 400,000 30,000 0 70 1,400,000 3,190,000 11,232 55.2%

Yangba Tianba 114 361 352 200 1215 3.4 1,444,000 0 40,000 0 100 2,000,000 3,484,000 9,650 41.44%

Shangba 218 596 585 360 715 1.2 2,180,000 0 300,000 1,080,000 60 660,00 4,220,000 7,080 51.7%

Total 417 1241 1216 760 2770 5.9 4,984,000 40,000 37,000 1,080,000 230 4,060,000 10,894,000 2,7962

2.2 Project Impacts on Vulnerable Groups The project involves 3 villages in Yangba Township, including Taiping Village, Tianba Village and Shangba Village. Among them, there are 284 people in Taiping Village, 32 people in poverty, accounting for 11.26%; 126 women, accounting for 44.5%; and 6 persons with disabilities, accounting for 2.1%. There are 361 people in Tianba Village, 8 people in poverty, accounting for 2.21%; 170 women, accounting for 47%; 14 people with disabilities, accounting for 3.8%; 12 left-behind children; 20 left-behind elder people. There are 596 people in Shangba Village, which whole village has been lifted out of poverty, has 300 women, accounting for 50.3%; 3 persons with disabilities, accounting for 0.5%. See Table 2-2 for the details. Table 2-2 Situation of vulnerable groups in affected villages in the project area

Total Total Agricultural Poor Woman Disabled Left-behind Left-behind Township Village Household Population Population Population Population People Children Elder People

Taiping 85 284 284 32 126 6 0 0

Yangba Tianba 114 361 361 8 170 14 12 20

Shangba 218 596 596 0 300 3 0 0

Total 417 1241 1241 40 596 23 12 20

3. Demographic Analysis of Project Area

Kang County governs 18 townships and 3 towns. Total population of Kang County is 200,100 people, of which the Han people accounts 99.7% of total population and 16 ethnic minorities of Hui, Man, Zang, Zhuang, Yao, Mongolia, Uighur, Miao, Buyi, Yi, etc. account for 0.3% of total population.

The three villages involved in the sub-project of Kang County Tea Culture Scenic Spot have 471 households with 1,241 people who are all Han people-the majority of Chinese. The SA team assessed the situation of population in the project area and concluded that here is no ethnic minority in the project according to the Bank Indigenous People term definition under its OP4.10 policy. Therefore the SA concludes that the Bank OP4.10 policy of indigenous people is not applicable to the project affected areas. The OP4.10 policy is not triggered in this subproject and there is no need to prepare an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP).

4. Current Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Project Area

4.1 Protection Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Project Area 4.1.1 Protection Policy and Planning Yangba Township of Kang County has rich cultural and natural heritage and intangible cultural heritage resources. The local government also attaches great importance to the protection of natural and intangible cultural heritage, and has successively formulated a series of protection programs and plans. Kang County Yangba Scenic Area Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan, Kang County Great Salamander Provincial Nature Reserve Master Plan, Kang County Yangba Township Ecotourism Development Master Plan (2015-2025) and other planning documents for Yangba The township cultural heritage has laid the foundation for its protection.

In addition, the natural cultural heritage protection of Yangba Township is strictly in accordance with the Kang County Natural and Cultural Resources Protection and Development Plan formulated by the county government. The plan clearly proposed the protection of cultural resources in the county, including the protection of cultural relics and historic resources, tourism landscape resources, intangible cultural heritage resources, folk traditional folk cultural resources and red revolution cultural resources, e.g.Utilization Plan for the Special Funds for the Protection of Intangible Culture Protection in the South of Kang County, Protection Development Plan for “Maoshan” Folk Song in the South of Kang County and Protection Development Plan for “Mulong” Folk Song in Kang County.

4.1.2 Concerns in the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage Yangba Township has established a leading group for the protection of cultural and natural heritage. However, the protection of cultural and natural heritage led by the government lacks the participation of local people, communities and other social organizations, making it difficult to maintain the protection sustainable.

In addition, the number of tourists during the “May 1st”and “October 1st” festival times has increased dramatically year by year, which is likely to cause environmental pollution in scenic spots, such as solid waste pollution and air pollution. Although the General Plan for the Development of Ecotourism in Yangba Township of Kang County (2015-2025) has proposed a cultural and natural heritage protection plan, it can provide a policy basis for the protection of cultural and natural heritage in Yangba

Township, but it still lacks detailed operational and executable Cultural natural heritage protection regulations.

4.2 Development Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage Tourism in the Project Area 4.2.1 Tourism Development Policy and Planning Relying on the rich tourism resources, Yangba Township will be made to create a great eco-tourism scenic area in accordance with the development layout of “One Axis, Two Lines, Three Regions, and Eight Districts”. The government of Kang County has compiled the Tourism Development Plan, 13th Five-Year Tourism Development Plan, Tourism Plan for Whole Kang County. Yangba Township has compiled the Overall Plan on Tourism Development of Yangba Scenic Spot, Constructive Detailed Planning of Taiping and Pingheba Area of Yangba Scenic Spot in Kang County, and Planning and Design of Ancient City Street in Yangba Ecological Tourism Scenic Spot of Kang County. These plans provide a scientific theoretical basis for the tourism development Kang County and Yangba Township. 4.2.2 Current Status of Tourism Development Through the analysis of the tourism development of Yangba Scenic Spot, it is found that the government departments of Kang County and Yangba Township pay more attention to the development of tourism in Yangba Scenic Area, especially the construction of Yangba Tea Cultural Scenic Spot as the top priority of tourism development. Tourism is regarded as an important aspect of the local economic development by the government of Kang County and Yangba Township, and proper local plans for the tourism development has been made.

Yangba Township has great advantages in tourism resources. There are national rated rare trees of 38 species and national rated rare animals of 28 species in the Yangba Scenic Spot, e.g. yew, camphor, nanmu, ginkgo, tea tree and golden monkey, golden Cat, wild Sheep, daphne, Taiping Chicken. Rich type of tea, black fungus, gastrodia, edible fungi, Chinese herbal medicines, etc. are well-know in the country and abroad. All these rich biological resources have formed a natural treasure house of animals and plants. Moreover, the forest coverage rate of Yangba Scenic Area is over 80%, the negative oxygen ions are sufficient, and the air and water quality have reached the national first-class standard, thus becoming a veritable “natural oxygen bar”.

At present, the construction of tourism e-commerce and smart tourism in Yangba Township is in full swing. First, a tourism portal has been established. Second, a wireless network has been established to achieve full coverage of the wireless network of the Yangbagou scenic spot in Yangba. Third, the tourism microblog and

WeChat public platform have been opened, and new media publicity has been intensified so that visitors can keep abreast of Kang County tourism information.

According to the existing resources, Yangba Township has developed distinctive tourism products: tea, fungus, Tianma, and other green agricultural products; Qishi, calligraphy and painting, root carving, cross-stitch, bamboo crafts, red bean souvenirs and other cultural products; Amber walnut kernel, yellow wine, two brain shell and other specialty food products series; more than wild mushroom health products such as morel, monkey head, mushrooms.

The tourism culture of Yangba Township, Kang County is characteristic and unique. There are mainly "male marrying women" Taiping army heritage culture; the folk performing arts culture of folk songs, plum garden god dance, altar dance, great wand and others ; the folk food culture of wild vegetables, bean noodles, cooked rice porridge, noodles rice, jiejie, Kangnan's “ten bowls of Wine, yellow wine, and Ernaoke wine . These unique folk cultures have injected a colorful cultural soul into the development of Yangba Tourism.

4.2.3 Problems in the Process of Tourism Development First the construction of tourist roads lags behind. At present, transportation is the most important factor restricting the development of Kang County and Yangba scenic spot. Kang County has no expressways and railways to cross the border. Although the external roads entering Yangba Township have been basically repaired, the geographical location of Yangba Township is separated from the visitor places. The source is far away, and most of the roads are built along the river. On one side of the mountain, the deep valley is vulnerable to the impact of landslides. There is often gravel falling off in the road sections that has and certain safety hazards. Second, the characteristics of tourism resources are not obvious. The potential resources for the development are few and the resources are not obvious. Although there are cultural resources such as Taiping Revolutionary Culture and Meiyuan God Dance, they do not have the outstanding advantages. The landscapes of the ditches are similar and repeatable and the resource status is similar; the main tourist sites of Yangba Township are valley-type tourist sites, and the landscape features are basically “Valley + Flowing Water + Woods”. Continuous sightseeing will cause the visual fatigue. Third, the development management system is not flexible and the integration of tourism resources is insufficient. In the development of tourism industry, the tourism elements belong to different departments, industries and regions. The integration and utilization of tourism resources is insufficient, and it is difficult to form advantageous tourism products with rich cultural connotation and unique regional cultural

characteristics. The existing products of Yangba Township are not attractive without the market competitive. Fourth, the development of industrial structure is unreasonable. The current tourism consumption of Yangba Township has shifted from the tourism to leisure vacation and cultural experience. Tourism development focuses on the diversification, specialization and development of services and infrastructures to meet the ever-increasing demand for tourism consumption. However, due to insufficient investment, it is difficult for tourism products to complete the transformation and upgrading quickly. Fifth, the tourism service system is not perfect, and the reception service capacity needs to be improved. Currently, the accommodation facilities, leisure and entertainment facilities, tourist and shopping places in the Yangba scenic area are not high in grade with low capacity. The hotels and restaurants are few, low rated and the reception capacity is inbalanced during the tourist season and the slack season. Sixth, the community failed to fully share the achievements of tourism development. The Yangba scenic spot is located in Yangba Township. The development and construction of the scenic spot is closely related to the interests of the local villagers. The existing scenic spots are scattered and in the initial development stage. The scenic spot can provide few opportunities and positions for villagers of the surrounding communities. Moreover, the development level of tourism industry in Yangba Township is low, which can not promote the development of community villagers. Community villagers can not fully participate in the development of scenic spots and the development of tourism.

4.3 Management Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Project Area 4.3.1 Status of Cultural and Natural Heritage Management The cultural and natural heritage protection and development of Kang County adopted a government-led management model. Under the unified leadership of the county government, the Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Television Bureau iwas responsible for the specific development, protection and management. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the construction project of the Kang County Tea Culture Scenic Spot of the World Bank Project, the Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Television and Tourism Bureau has set up a special project office to be responsible for and coordinate the specific matters of the project. The daily management operation of Yangba Scenic Spot was mainly managed by Yangba Natural Scenery Management Office. In order to effectively protect the natural environment of the scenic spot, the scenic spot management system has been formulated. The other tourism services in the scenic area were carried out by Kang County Tianyuan Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd. The specific organizational structure is shown in Pic 4-1. 25

Pic 4-1 Kang County Cultural and Natural Heritage Management Organization Chart

In addition, in order to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage, inherit the national culture, and support and encourage non-genetic inheritors to carry out the activities, Kang County issued the “Entitlement and Management Method for Representative Inheritors of Kang County Intangible Cultural Heritage Project (Trial) ([2016] No. 30) that proposed to establish a representative inheritor file of the Kang County Intangible Cultural Heritage Project, and conduct a survey every two years for the representative inheritor, and report the investigation to the county cultural administrative department. The county cultural administrative department shall commend and reward the representative inheritors of the national, provincial, municipal, and county-level intangible cultural heritage projects who have made the outstanding contributions.

4.3.2 concerns in the Process of Cultural Natural Heritage Management First, the protection and management of natural history and cultural heritage in Kang County is still insufficient, the development and utilization has only started and the quality is low, especially in systematic development and research on the ancestral culture and national folk culture. Second, the cultural and natural heritage tourism management system needs to be improved. So far, Kang County's cultural and natural heritage management adopts a top-down government-driven management model, but there are limits such as lacking of leadership, unclear responsibilities, and inadequate policy implementation. Besides, the linkage and cooperation between various government departments is weak, which makes the protection of cultural and natural heritage insufficient, low participation of the masses and weak awareness of protection.

5. Analysis of Stakeholders in the Project Area

5.1 Identification of Stakeholder groups Stakeholder groups refer to those groups that influence Bank actions and policies, as well as those affected by the Bank” (World Bank 1994: 1). The social assessment team identified the following stakeholder groups on the basis of field investigations:

(1) Government departments: The government departments involved in this project include Kang County Development and Reform Bureau, Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Tourism Bureau, Kang County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Kang County Natural Resources Bureau, Kang County Poverty Alleviation Office, Kang County Human Resource Office and Yangba Scenic Area Management Office. The Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Tourism Bureau is the implementing agency of the project with other departments assistance. (2) Community villagers: This project involves 417 households with 1,241 persons in Taiping Village, Shangba Village and Tianba Village of Yangba Township, Kang County, among which it have 4 villager groups in Taiping Village, 85 households with 284 persons; and 2 villager groups in Shangba Village, 218 households with 596 persons; 3 villager groups in Tianba Village, 114 households with 361 persons. (3) Commercial operators: Commercial operators in scenic spots refer to merchants that carry out commercial activities in the scenic spots. These merchants have gained certain benefits in the development and construction of scenic spot, and also played a role in promoting the multi-functional construction of scenic spots. At present, there are 4 small shops in Tianba Village and Taiping Village involved in the new project, including 2 Tianba Village and 4 Taiping Village. 80%-90% of the community villagers in Shangba Village have no farmland, and about 85% of the community villagers participate in the commercial operation of the scenic spot. The farmhouse inn, local specialty business and farmhouse have been operated by them. (4) Tourists in scenic spot: As the direct experience of scenic spot, tourists have the most intuitive understanding and experience of the construction achievements of scenic spot. They are the beneficiaries and observers of the development and construction of scenic spot. Visitors' opinions and suggestions on the development of scenic spots can reflect the the construction situation of scenic spot that can further optimize the service contents through the tourist satisfaction of the scenic spot. In 2016, the number of visitors to the Yangba scenic spot was the highest, reaching 65,017 people/time. In 2017, due to the impact of natural

disasters e.g. mudslides, the number of visitors to the scenic spots was 16,255 people/time; In 2018, the number of visitors to the Yangba scenic spot was 33,602 people/time. (5) Poor people: As of August 2019, there were 3 households with 8 persons in the poverty in Tianba Village, the incidence of poverty was 2.2%; 13 households with 32 persons in the poverty in Taiping Village, and the incidence of poverty was 11.3%; The whole village of Shangba Village has been lifted out of poverty. In total there are 16 poor households with 40 people. (6) Women: By the end of 2018, the project involved 126 women in Taiping Village of Yangba Township, accounting for 44.4%; 170 women in Tianba Village, accounting for 47.1%; and 300 women in Shangba Village, accounting for 50.3%.

5.2 Needs Assessment of Stakeholder Groups The social assessment team adopts the PRA participatory approach to analyze the needs of different stakeholder groups in the project area through group meeting s and key person interviews. According to gender requirements, the village representatives are divided into male and female groups to discuss the possible solutions. The needs of different stakeholder groups are as follows:

5.2.1 Needs of Government Departments (1) Relevant governments Through a group meeting held by the Kang County Development and Reform Bureau, Kang County Cultural and Sports and Tourism Bureau, Kang County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Kang County Natural Resources Bureau, Kant County Poverty Alleviation Office, Kang County Human Resource Office, and other relevant functional departments, the team learned about the specific needs of various departments that are as follows:

First, in order to facilitate the smooth construction of the Kang County tea culture scenic spot, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the staff of the World Bank project leadership office and clarify their respective job responsibilities; Second, due to the difference between World Bank projects and domestic projects, it is necessary to increase related training for project management personnel and financial management personnel; Third, it is necessary to ensure that all relevant departments of the World Bank Cultural Protection Project establish an unimpeded information linkage mechanism.

(2) Scenic Spot Management Office Through the interviews with the staff of the Scenic Spot Management Office, it is learned that their specific needs are as follows:

First, improve the salary of scenic spot staff and improve the accommodation conditions of scenic spot managers; Second, increase the training opportunities for the staff in the scenic spot and broaden the horizons of the staff so as the staff to provide a higher quality service for the scenic spot tourists; Third, some staff members of the scenic spot proposed to repair the highway leading to the outside from Yangba Township to attract more tourists; Fourth, increase the development publicity of the Yangba scenic spot, create characteristic tourist attractions, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of the scenic spot.

5.2.2 Needs of Community Villagers The social assessment team learned about the common needs of the villagers of the three communities through the interviews in Taiping Village, Shangba Village and Tianba Village.

Table 5-1 Common needs of community villagers

Township Village Common Needs

1. Improve the infrastructure and service facilities to attract the Taiping tourists; 2.Incubate different types of community organizations and increase community participation; Shangba 3. Implement the development of featured attractions; Yangba 4. Increase the publicity of the scenic spot and increase the visibility of the scenic spot in the tourism market; 5.Accelerate the development and construction progress of tea Tianba culture scenic spot; 6. Provide the skills training.

The special needs of the villagers in the three communities are as follows: The villagers' needs in Taiping Village: (1) 80%-90% of the community villagers in Taiping Village are technical workers. They hope that the construction of the project will give priority to the employment of local community villagers and increase income of the villagers.

(2) Accelerate the progress of the renovation of infrastructure such as homestays in the scenic spot, and build the parking lots in the center of the community; (3) Establish a tourism service association to manage the tourism services.

The needs of community villagers in Shangba Village: (1) Community villagers hope to introduce advanced technology to scale up and standardize the bamboo handicraft production lines; (2) Transfer the existing garbage disposal pools to other places and reduce air pollution caused by garbage dumping; (3) Increase the number of public toilets in the community and ensure that every public toilet built is open; (4) The community water supply pipeline is old andneeds better maintenance; (5) Develop the construction of the scenic area while improving the community environment in the scenic spots and communities so as to promote the development of the community; (6) Design good development concept of homestays to attract tourists; (7) Integrate the tea culture scenic area construction project with the “Cherish Tea Mountain” project to maximize project benefits.

The needs of community villagers in Tianba Village: (1) Train community leaders to help local farmers to establish their own community organizations, help with marketing and develop sales channels for agricultural products, provide a new platform for community development, and increase the income of community villagers; (2) Develop some local potential attractions of tourism, including "Qishixia", "Flying Fish Cave", "Red Bean Tree" and so on.

5.2.3 The Needs of Business Operator The social assessment team learned through the interviews with business operators in the project area, including small vendors, small shops and farmhouses, mainly including:

First, due to the slow development of scenic spot, marketing and branding work was weak and only attracted few tourists. Besides, the scenic spots were forced to close frequently in rainy season, which affected the income of business operations. Commercial operators in the scenic area hope to speed up the planning and construction progress of the project, and increase publicity efforts to improve the scenic environment and attract more tourists.

Second, there should be more local specialty vendors in the scenic spot. Most of them sell fungus, gastrodia, and honey in a scattered way. They hope to build fixed booths for the tourists to purchase.

5.2.4 The Needs of Tourist Yangba Scenic Area received 65,017 tourists in 2016 which was the largest number of tourists in recent years. Affected by natural disasters such as landslides in 2017, the number of tourists in the scenic spot reduced to 16,255 people; This number was increased to 33,602 people in 2018. As the direct experiencers of the scenic area, tourists have the most intuitive understanding and feelings about the construction achievements of the scenic area. They are the beneficiaries and observers of the development and construction of the scenic area. The opinions and suggestions of tourists on the development of the scenic area can reflect the construction of the scenic area The understanding of tourist satisfaction in the scenic spot can further optimize the content of the scenic spot.

According to the interviews with tourists, The social assessment team learned that the needs of the tourists mainly include:

First, improve the infrastructure construction of scenic spots, leisure and entertainment facilities, parking lots and public toilets; Second, increase the tourist service facilities such as catering and accommodation in the scenic spot, improve the service quality of the farmhouse, and conduct regular training on tourism service standards so that tourists can get a better sightseeing experience; Third, regulate the tickets for scenic spots. It is recommended that students can be charged half-price tickets, and those who are over 60 years old and community villagers in scenic spots will be exempted from tickets; Fourth, strengthen the construction of featured scenic spot and enhance better experience of tourists.

5.2.5 The Needs of Poor People The social assessment team conducted on-the-spot investigations on the villagers of Taiping Village, Tianba Village and Shangba Village, and found that Shangba Village is a lifting-out poverty-stricken village. There is no poor population. Only Tianba Village and Taiping Village have a small number of poor people. Most of the family have elderly people, disabled people, who can not go out to work or do the farming work that making the family more difficult. By interviewing the poor, it is understand that their needs mainly include:

First, provide certain non-technical jobs for the poor during the construction of the project, participate in the construction of the project and obtain a stable source of income; Second, after the construction completion of the scenic spot, they will be provided with a certain number of service jobs, so that they can participate in the tourism services of the scenic spot in order to obtain profits and income.

5.2.6 The Needs of Women in the Community The social assessment team learned that the specific needs of the three villages’ women are as follows: Women's needs in Taiping Village: Women accounted for 33.3% of the respondents, 50% of whom were over 50 years old. They hope to be provide with skills training including bamboo handicraft production and manual preparation. Women's needs in Shangba Village: Among the respondents, women accounted for 23%, of which 66.7% were between 40-45 years old, mostly who worked on tourism services, in snack bars, restaurants, farmhouses, etc. In the interviews, they believe that the development of scenic tourism is lagging behind, and hope to increase the development of scenic spot, attract more tourists and increase their income from tourism services. Women's needs in Tianba Village: Among the respondents, women accounted for 57%, 40% of them were older than 50 years old. They hope to increase the skills training in gastrodia cultivation so that the yield of Tianma and income will be increased.

6. Public participation

6.1 Public Participation in the Social assessment Process At the beginning of August 2019, Huigu Consulting was commissioned by the Kang County PMO to implement the social assessment of the newly-built tea culture scenic spot construction project. The project assessment team went to the Kang County project area to carry out on-the-spot survey and collected the necessary materials from the relevant government departments of Kang County. (See Table 1-2 for the list of Information). The social assessment team held three group meeting s for the villagers of Taiping Village, Tianba Village and Shangba Village affected by the project to publicize the project background, purpose, significance and project construction content that ensure the community villagers’ right of knowing the process of social evaluation.

The field surveys of the Construction Project of Yangba Tea Culture Scenic Spot in Kang County was conducted from August 12 to August 26, 2019. The survey team completed 255 questionnaires in total, including 117 questionnaires of community villagers, 38 questionnaires of business operators, 14 questionnaires of government officials , and 86 questionnaires of tourists.

6.1.1 Meeting discussions On August 22, 2019, the social assessment team conducted a group meeting with government-related departments at the Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Television Bureau on the construction content of new projects, the scope of land acquisition and house demolition, and the implementation progress and arrangements of government departments.

On August 23, 2019, the group meeting of villagers was held in the Tianba Village to discuss the construction content of the new project and the opinions and

suggestions of the community villagers. There were 24 representatives of the community villagers, including 14 males and 10 females, which women participation accounted for 41.6%.

On the morning of August 24, 2019, the group meeting of villagers was held in the Shangba Village Committee to discuss the construction content of the new project and the opinions and suggestions of the community villagers. There were 22 representatives of the community villagers, including 16 males and 6 females, which women participation accounted for 27.3%.

On the afternoon of August 24, 2019, the social assessment team held a villager representative group meeting on the construction content of the World Bank's new projects, community villagers' suggestions, and needs in the village committee of Taiping Village. The community villagers represented 26 people. There are 18 males and 8 females, which the women participation account for 30.8%.

On the morning of August 25, 2019, a group meeting has been conducted in the Meuyuangou Scenic Spot Management Office to discuss the development plan of Yangba Scenic Spot, Tea Culture Scenic Spot, tourism projects, management of scenic spot, opinions to the implementation of project and scenic spot personnel needs. There were 15 scenic spot management personnel, including 9 males and 6 females, which women participation accounted 40%. The interview outline of the scenic area management office is shown in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 Interview Outline of Scenic Area Management Office No. Contents 1 Scenic area 2 Number of toilets in the scenic spot 3 Number of garbage bins in the scenic spot 4 Scenic parking lots 5 The annual tourist arrivals, seasonal or monthly changes in the scenic spot 6 Nearly 5 years of tourism revenue in the scenic spot 7 Tourists’ source in the scenic area for the past 5 years 8 The annual funds is used for the protection of scenic spot 9 The annual cost is used for the development of scenic spot 10 Government's annual investment in the scenic spot 11 Maximum tourist flow capacity in the scenic spot 12 Special tourist projects and tourism products in the scenic spot? 13 Scenic spot management staff composition (quantity, gender) 14 Protection regulations and programs for scenic resources and environment

Planning , policies and programs related to the scenic spot (including the 13th Five-Year 15 Development Plan or ideas) 16 professional lecturers, number of guides, ratio of male to female, source of personnel Related information about scenic staff, e.g. the number and education, age composition, 17 gender

The composition of the scenic area management organization (sector classification, 18 management classification, job classification, number of personnel in each department)

18 Labor sources in the construction of scenic spots

Marketing plan for the scenic spot (advertising method, joint with travel agency, 20 network, etc.) Suggestions on the implementation of the World Bank's Natural and Cultural Heritage 21 Protection and Development Project 6.1.2 Questionnaire Survey A total of 260 paper questionnaires were distributed and 255 were received, which the effective receiving rate was 98.1%. Among them, 117 were distributed to community villagers, 14 were distributed to scenic workers, 86 were issued to tourists, and 38 were distributed to commercial operators. During the questionnaire, women participation accounted for 40.8%. The contents of the questionnaire are attached, and the statistics are shown in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2 Statistical results of Questionnaire

Community Commercial Government Tourist Total villager operator Official 117 86 38 14 255 6.1.3 Key informant Interviews The social assessment focuses on ethnic minorities, involuntary immigrants, the poor, women, children, the elderly and the disabled people. The key personnel interviews of the tea culture scenic area construction project totaled 18 people, including the poor, women, the disabled, the elderly, the scenic spot staff, government officials, etc. The interview contents included the project construction, key personnel's suggestions and opinions on the project, etc, suggestions of special groups on the protection and development of natural cultural heritage The team recorded their attitudes, suggestions, ideas for the design of the proposed project.

6.2 Analysis of Public Consultation Results Through the group meeting , questionnaires, key person interviews and other forms, the project stakeholders will participate in the preliminary preparation stage of the 35

project, fully guaranteeing their participation rights. The social assessment team used SPSS software to analyze the questionnaire data and obtained the following results: 6.2.1 Government Department The consultation team issued 14 questionnaires with for government departments with a 100% receiving rate, of which male officials accounted for 71.4% and female officials accounted for 28.6%.

According to the analysis of the questionnaire, 14.3% of the officials believe that the main difficulty in the implementation of the World Bank project is in cooperation with local villagers; 57.1% of the officials believe that the main difficulty in the implementation of the World Bank project is the poor local traffic conditions; 14.3% of the officials believe that the main difficulty in the implementation of the World Bank project is unmatched information, and 14.3% believe that local officials are not motivated.

For the negative impact of the World Bank project on the local area, 42.9% of government officials believe that it will occupy the farmland of villagers; 28.6% of government officials believe that there will be no negative impact; and 14.3% of government officials believe that it will increase the cost of scenic area management; 14.3% of government officials believe that it will destroy the ecological environment.

Regarding the key investment projects for the future development by the World Bank, 100% of government officials believe that it is the infrastructure construction of the local scenic spot; 71.4% of government officials believe that it is ecological environment governance; 57.1% of government officials believe that the development of farmhouses around the scenic spot should be concerned; 42.9% of government officials believe that training on scenic area management should be strengthened; 42.9% of officials believe that cultural heritage protection should be emphasized; 42.9% of officials believe that protection and strengthening of scenic spots are promoted.

Regarding the main direction of future development, 85.7% of government officials prefer ecotourism; 71.4% of government officials prefer vacation; 42.9% of government officials tend to be aesthetic, recreational and health value; 28.6% of government officials prone to adventure tourism; 14.3% of government officials tend to travel and shopping.

Regarding the support for World Bank projects, 100% of government officials expressed that they will support for the project.

Regarding the benefits of the World Bank project, 57.1% of government officials said they would benefit from promoting employment; 42.9% of government officials said they would benefit from improving the environment; 42.9% of government officials said they would benefit from improving transportation environment; 42.9% of government officials said they would benefit from tourism development; 28.6% of government officials said they would benefit from poverty reduction; 28.6% of government officials said they would benefit from promoting natural cultural heritage protection.

In conclusion, it is found that the government's future development direction of the scenic spot tends to eco-tourism and holiday services. They are very supportive of the tea culture scenic spot construction project. The implementation of the project will not only promote the employment and tourism development of local community villagers, but also improve the local environment as well as the traffic conditions, but they are worried about the development of the World Bank project, because the local traffic conditions are poor, information is blocked, part of the project construction will involve the farmland of the community villagers that it will affect the implementation progress of the project.

6.2.2 Community Villagers A total of 117 questionnaires were distributed to community villagers around the scenic spot, with a 100% receiving rate. Among them, male villagers accounted for 64.1%, female villagers accounted for 35.9%, and the community had no ethnic minorities.

According to the statistical analysis of the questionnaire data, 91.2% of the community villagers support the development of the World Bank project; 1.1% of the community villagers do not pay attention to; and 7.7% of the community villagers do not care about the development and construction projects of World Bank; 47.3% community villagers believe that families have benefited from local tourism development, and 52.7% of community villagers believe that families have not benefited from it.

95.6% of the community villagers did not participate in the scenic spot work, only 4.4% of the community villagers worked in the scenic spot; 60% of the villagers who participated in the scenic spot work engaged in the service of the farmer's inn, and 20% of the community villagers engaged in the retail of small commodities, 20% of community villagers work in the farmhouses. 4.4% of the villagers participating in the scenic area work through the acquaintances. After participating in the scenic spot work, 60% of the household income increased significantly than before; 40% of the household income increased than before, but the income was few. The households 37

participating in the survey earned an average of 34,800 yuan per a year from the work of the scenic spot.

57.1% of the villagers believe that the local tourism industry has not destroyed the local ecological environment, 27.5% of the villagers believe that the local tourism industry has made the local natural environment better, and 12.1% of the villagers believe that the development of the local tourism industry has slightly damaged the ecological environment. 3.3% of the villagers believe that the development of the tourism industry is seriously damaging to the local ecological environment.

In summary, 91.2% of the community villagers show that they support the development of new projects invested by the World Bank, but at present the public participation is low because the project is still in the approval stage. According to the research, more than 80% of the community villagers expressed their willingness to participate in the development construction and service work of the scenic spot after the completion of the project, such as opening small shops, farmhouses and farmhouses in the scenic spot.

6.2.3 Commercial Operators of tourism A total of 38 questionnaires were issued to commercial operators of tourism in the scenic spot, with 100% of receiving rate. Among them, male villagers accounted for 52.6%; female villagers accounted for 47.4%; no minority business operators involved.

78.9% of commercial operators live on agriculture before engaging in business operations; 15.8% of business operators live on a job before doing business, 5.3% of business operators have been engaged in business operations; 73.8% of business operators’ incomes have increased, but not much; 15.8% of the commercial operators participated in the scenic spot, their incomes have increased significantly; the other 10.5% of the business operators have no change in income.

For the business hours of commercial operators, whose business hours was 2-5 years accounted for 42.1% ,whose business hours was 5-10 years accounted for 21%, whose business hours was less than 2 years accounted for 15.8%; whose business hour was over 20 years accounted for 21%. Among the commercial operators in the scenic spots surveyed, the average net income earned by each family was 10,000 yuan/year.

In summary, the commercial operators in the scenic spot have already participated in the development of scenic spots through the way of local products, farmhouses and farmhouses, and have gained benefits from the development of the scenic spots.

6.2.4 Tourists A total of 86 questionnaires were issued to tourists with a 100% receiving rate. Among them, male tourists accounted for 53.5% and female tourists accounted for 46.5% Table 6-3 Scenic Spot Tourist Satisfaction Survey Quite Less Very No. Item Satisfaction General Satisfaction Dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction 1 Service quality 42 42 0 2 0 2 Environment quality 58 22 6 0 0 3 Value of scenic spot 50 24 10 2 0 4 Price standard of scenic spot 50 18 12 6 0 5 Transportation 46 18 20 2 0 6 Sanitation 38 32 16 0 0 7 Security in the scenic spot 38 30 16 2 0 8 Catering in the scenic spot 38 30 16 0 2 9 Guiding Sign in the scenic spot 50 24 10 2 0 10 Accommodation 40 34 10 2 0 11 Rest facilities 38 32 14 2 0 12 Price of scenic ticket 44 32 10 0 0 13 Comment on scenic protection 42 26 18 0 0 14 Comment on scenic spot 54 28 4 0 0 The information sourced for the Questionnaires.

According to the tourist satisfaction survey of the scenic spot, 52% of the tourists are satisfied with the various aspects of the scenic spot, 32.6% of the tourists are quite satisfied with all aspects of the scenic spot, and 2.3% of the tourists are dissatisfied with the service quality, the value of the scenic spots, the traffic conditions, the guiding signs, the accommodation conditions, and the leisure facilities. 2.3% of the tourists were extremely dissatisfied with the catering aspects of the scenic spots, indicating that the catering did not meet the needs of tourists.

As the Yangba Scenic Area is far away from the center of Kang County and there is no public transportation, the tourists need to take the bus or drive to the scenic spot, and the tourists who come to the scenic spot have higher transportation costs. Tourists in the province mainly come from neighboring cities and counties such as Lanzhou, Dingxi and Tianshui. The tourists in the other provinces mainly come from neighboring provinces such as Qinghai and Ningxia. The tourists are mainly concentrated in July-August, and 72% of tourists will come to visit the scenic spot again. It is intended to show that the scenic spot is more attractive to tourists. 55.8% of the tourists are introduced by friends, 20.1% of the tourists know the scenic spot through the network, 14% of the tourists know the scenic spot through textbooks, 4.7% of the tourists know the scenic spot through newspapers and magazines, street

advertisements, travel brochures and other means, indicating that the promotion of the Yangba scenic spot is relatively less, and only a small number of tourists have learned about the scenic spot through the advertisements.

7. Project Social Risk Analysis

Social risk analysis identifies and ranks various social factors that may affect the project. Some factors that have large impacts, long duration, and easily lead to large contradictions shall be selected to propose the corresponding control measures. Through the questionnaire surveys, interviews with community villagers, scenic spot employees, scenic spot operators and local officials, five social risks were proposed , which contained the risks of infrastructures, low community organization participation, moral degradation of community villagers, natural disaster, ecological environment protection and alternative livelihood.

7.1 Identification of Social Risks

7.1.1 Insufficient service facilities for increasing needs of tourists Facilities such as catering, farmhouses, shops, and leisure facilities in the project area are backward, and service and facilities supporting are difficult to meet the needs of tourists. For example, the quality of meal offered by the farmhouse is low, resulting that the tourists do not have food or by things in the scenic spot. The tourist often stay here for one day and do not stay at hotel.

7.1.2 Risk of low participation of community organizations The project area lacks a dynamic community organization. Most of the registered community organizations are supported by preferential policies. They are not actually operated. They have no role in driving and demonstrating farmers, and farmers are less involved.

7.1.3 Risk of moral degradation of community villagers in commercial tourism services provision The influx of tourists has not only brought huge economic benefits and rich culture, but the development of tourism will also change the values and moral values of community villagers and cause the decline of social moral standards. During the investigation, some tourists reflected that some vendors in the scenic spot deliberately raised the price of goods, causing the dissatisfaction among tourists. The price hikes reflect the distortion of the values and moral degradation of some traders in the scenic spot.

7.1.4 Livelihoods affected by natural disaster risk The Yangba scenic spot is located in the depths of the West Qinling. The mountains, hills, canyons and basins are interlaced. The ecosystem is unstable, sensitive and fragile. The changing climate of the mountains is prone to floods, collapses, mudslides, rocks and other rocks. Disasters have caused the interruption of roads in scenic spots, destroying the infrastructure such as hydropower in scenic spots, and posing serious threats to tourists' safety. Some villagers in the community report that visitors will be prohibited entering the scenic area in the rainy days. Small merchants selling souvenirs along the Swan Lake reflect the fact that the stalls often are flooded. In addition, the Yangba scenic spot belongs to the original ecological scenic spot, and dense trees are prone to cause safety problems such as fires and geological disasters.

7.1.5 Risks of ecological environmental protection and alternative livelihoods At present, the main source of income for community villagers in Yangba Township is the cultivation of gastrodia. And the cultivation of gastrodia requires cutting trees, which has potential harm to the ecological environment. Due to the lack of alternative sources of livelihood, there is a contradiction between ecological environment protection and livelihood improvement for community villagers. This is also a potential risk of conflict between the government and the community.

7.2 Preventive Mitigation measures for social risks of the project

7.2.1 Mitigation measures for insufficient service facilities for the increasing needs of tourists Improve the infrastructure in the scenic spot and quality of tourism services. It is recommended that all departments work together to complete the various approval procedures in the early stage of the project in a timely manner. It is also suggested that the PPMO engage a third-party consulting agency to enhance the comprehensive service capacity of community villagers to participate in the scenic spot through capacity building.

7.2.2 Mitigation measures with lack and low participation of community organizations Engage the third-party consultation to incubate the community organizations and provide capacity building for community organizations, design community development projects that provide opportunities and platforms for community participation. It is recommended that the Kang County PMO listen to and adopt constructive opinions and suggestions of community villagers in decision-making, project implementation and tourism management, establish a community participation 42

mechanism, and improve the community's right to know and participate in the management of scenic spot.

7.2.3 Mitigation measures for moral degradation of community villagers Formulate a standardized management system, and constrain the behavior of community villagers with organization regulation and traditional ethics. It is recommended that the scenic spot management office, community organizations and community villagers jointly formulate the scenic spot management rules, reception standards, price constraints and reward and punishment mechanisms through participatory discussions, combining the traditional moral customs of the community.

7.2.4 Mitigation measures for safety related to natural disaster risks Firstly, a safety manual should be developed by Yangba Scenic Area Management Office and Kang County Tianyuan Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd. And the tourists are asked to understand and carefully read the important safety information. Tourist guides and staff members should popularize safety knowledge for tourists and remind visitors to pay attention. It is necessary to add more safety banners in the scenic area, especially the safety warning signs in dangerous areas. Secondly, Attach importance to the constructions of building dams and preventing dangerous ditches with lots sands. For example: gap dam, filter dam, grille dam, grid dam, sand dam, Gufang dam, etc. It is suggested to construct the drainage channels, highway bridges, siltation projects, etc. Finally, it is necessary to establish a sound geological disaster prevention system and monitoring and forecasting network, and set up a special leading group to make early plans in the high-risk period, to strengthen monitoring and early warning plans to avoid disasters in advance. If there is an emergency, take effective measures in a timely manner. It is also possible to build some protection stations to monitor these issues in time to better protect the safety of tourists.

7.2.5 Mitigation measures for ecological environmental protection and alternative livelihood conflicts Engage the third-party consulting services to provide the skill-related training on alternative livelihood for community villagers from time to time, which including e-commerce operations, farmhouse management, hand weaving, bamboo crafts, and tea-making techniques. The income of community villagers have increased, thereby the conflict of alternative livelihood and ecological environment protection can be alleviated.

8. Project Social Impact Analysis

8.1 Impact of the Project on Different Stakeholders The stakeholder groups of the Construction Project of Kang County Tea Culture Scenic Area include: government departments (Kang County Culture and Sports and Tourism Bureau, Kang County Poverty Alleviation Office, Kang County Finance Bureau, Kang County Development and Reform Bureau, Kang County Natural Resources Bureau, Kang County Forestry and Grassland Bureaus, etc.), local community villagers, commercial operators, tourists, etc.

8.1.1 Impact on government officials As the World Bank project is an international rural tourism development project, it can train a group of cadres who are familiar with the World Bank project management for the local government departments, promote the cadres to understand the management rules of international projects such as the World Bank, and upgrade the ability of government officials after the project implementation. As the promoter and leader of Yangba Tourism industry, the government departments provide policy and management support, improvement of systematic issues from the macro perspective, and funds for the infrastructures construction, and strategic marketing as well as key issue solutions.

8.1.2 Impact on community villagers Through the implementation of the World Bank project, the investment of infrastructure will be increased. The community environment will be improved and consequently the satisfaction of community will be increased as a result. The main construction will be conducted to promote the development of tourism in Yangba Township. Such construction will offer jobs and opportunities for the community villagers in the scenic spot, which will directly or indirectly increase their incomes; Through the project process, skill training on catering, farmhouse, hand-woven and etc, will be carried out for project community villagers so that the abilities of community villagers will be enhanced.

8.1.3 Impact on commercial operators Through the implementation of this project, the supporting facilities such as transportation, water conservancy, electric power and communication in the scenic spot will be improved, the brand competitiveness of the scenic spot will be enhanced, and the number of villagers engaged in commercial business operations in the scenic spot will increase. At the same time, their service concepts and service capabilities 44

will be gradually improved through the training of commercial operators on tourism services.

8.1.4 Impact on tourists The basic service facilities and tourist service facilities of the scenic spot will be further improved. The planning and design of the scenic spot will aim at the best experience for tourists, and improve the satisfaction of tourists on the service quality and environmental quality. In addition, the tourism brand effect of Kang County tea culture scenic spot will be created to attract more tourists through various kinds of media.

8.1.5 Impact on women There are many left-behind women in Taiping Village, Tianba Village and Shangba Village affected by the project. Most women work at home and care for the elderly and children, and they have no stable source of income. The implementation of the project will bring more employment opportunities and increase women's income in a way. In addition, women's livelihood skills can be improved and their vision can be broadened. Women will be further empowered.

8.1.6 Impact on the poverty group At present, the main income source of the community poverty group is the cultivation of gastrodia, which is unstable due to the weather reason. Besides, the returning farmland to forest policy is still on-going, which results in little arable land in the Tianba, Shangba Village. Additionally the development of scenic spot is in the early stage, most local young man migrate out for work. The construction project canprovide a certain number of jobs to give priority to local poor groups in the implementation of project, and provide related skill training for them to improve their competitiveness for jobs. After the project implementation, more poor people may get opportunities with the development of tourism, which could directly or indirectly increase the economic income of the poor.

8.2 Positive Impacts of the Project (1) Improve the level of economic development. Yangba Scenic Spot has good location advantages, resource advantages and cultural advantages. The development of new tea culture scenic spot construction projects can further improve infrastructure and public service facilities, attract more tourists, and promote community-related transportation, catering, accommodation. The rapid

development of services such as culture and entertainment promotes local economic development. (2) Promote the cultural and natural heritage protection. Yangba Township of Kang County has rich and unique folk culture, such as Suona of Kangbei, Meiyuan god dance, traditional tea art, etc. In order to better inherit folk culture, the new added construction contents, e.g. cultural wall, fried tea workshop, tea culture exhibition hall, tea culture experience and the protection of giant salamander, will not only protect the local folk culture, but also promote the local folk customs. (3) Increase the employment opportunities and enrich income-generating channels. After the implementation of the World Bank project, the forest land and tea gardens of the villagers of Yangba Scenic Area will be transferred. More villagers will participate in the work of the scenic spot, and the number of migrant workers will be reduced, resulting in a more reasonable population structure and diversified employment positions. With the vertical development of the scenic spot, the community villagers will no longer engage in a single planting industry. During the tourist season, villagers can engage in commercial business activities of farmhouses, souvenirs, tourism, and souvenir supermarkets. During the peak season, they can engage in part-time jobs and cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines. (4) Empower women and improve women's social status. The development and construction of tea culture scenic spots will greatly empower women to engage in economic activities and community development, it will consequently improve the social status and economic status of local villagers, especially the women's, The vigorous development of tourism will provide local women with more employment and entrepreneurial opportunities. (5) Promote community participation. Through the establishment of community organizations, community villagers will participate in the construction of scenic spot, and a communication platform will be set up for community villagers and local governments to find common development directions and goals. Through the implementation of the project, 2-3 community organizations will be established by community villagers in the Yangba scenic spot. Through the establishment of community organizations, more farmers will participate in the development of the scenic spot. It is estimated that the direct beneficiaries will reach 150 people, indirect beneficiaries will reach 500 people. (6) Improve the popularity of Yangba Scenic Area. Through the preliminary construction of the Yangba Tea Cultural Scenic Area , it will create a tea culture scenic spot for tourists to enjoy the experience and will attract more tourists.

8.3 Negative Impact of the Project (1) Potential land acquisition and resettlement. At the project preparation stage, it is known that all constructions of new tea culture scenic spot in Kang County subproject will be carried out on the existing state-owned or public land, but there may be new land acquisition needs emerging as the location and size of project civil works become clear and finally determined during project implementation. Any household affected by land acquisition and resettlement will need to be compensated and resettled according to the project resettlement policy framework (RPF) arrangements.

(2) Conflicts with local values and ethics. With the development of scenic spot, the impact of tourism on the local social foundation will become more and more serious, especially in Taiping Village and Tianba Village, which are far away from townships. Community villagers will be affected by different culture, and the awareness of profit will gradually increase. It can not be avoid cheating prices occurred in the later period. (3) Environmental impacts generated during construction. The dust, noise and temporary stacking of garbage generated during the construction of the project will have short-term effects on the environment of the project area, which will bring temporary inconvenience to the daily life of the local community villagers. (4) Environmental impacts caused by an increase in the number of tourists. After the completion of the project, environmental hazards such as solid waste, noise pollution, sewage discharge, dust, and automobile exhaust in the project area should not be underestimated with the increase in the number of tourists. (5) Increase the burden of ecological carrying capacity. At present, the maximum daily passenger flow of Yangba Scenic Area is 5,000 passengers. If the service facilities such as parking lots are improved, it can reach 10,000 passengers. After the implementation of the project, the influence of the scenic spot can be improved, and the number of tourists will increase. To a certain extent, it can promote the development of local service industry, sales industry and other industries. However, the burden of ecological carrying capacity will be aggravated with the increase of social service capacity.

9. Promotion of Community Organizations

There are a certain number of community organizations in the project area, including beekeeping farmers’ specialized cooperatives, tea farmers’ specialized cooperatives, etc. Most farmer’s cooperatives were established by the requirements of national preferential policies, but they did not stay operational for actual business. The community organization as the intermediary between government and community can collaboratively manage the communities, express the villagers’ willingness and bring the villagers to engage in the affairs of project areas, and share the achievement of development in the scenic spot. It could serve as a stronger collective driving force for community development than individual villagers. It is advisable to develop more community organizations and keep them well functioning in this project.

9.1 The Role of Community Organization Participation (1) Participation of community organizations can build a platform for community participation in the protection and development of cultural natural heritage, enhance the ability of community villagers to share project results through community organization, stimulate cultural awareness and ownership of projects, and enhance the sense of gaining the benefits of mass, internalizing the protection and development of cultural natural heritage at all levels of community life, invigorating the protection of cultural and natural heritage and sustainable development of the community, and promoting the win-win goal of community organization development and natural heritage protection. (2) The participation of community organizations can make up for the lack of government work. During the field investigation of the tea culture construction project, it was learned that the Yangba Scenic Area is under the supervision of the Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Tourism Bureau, which is responsible for the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of the scenic spot. However, due to the frequent mergers and personnel changes, the staff of government departments have multiple roles. Their work focuses on the infrastructure construction and scenic development, and has no regard for the protection of the scenic intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance, and the participation of community organizations can effectively make up for this part. (3) Community organizations will inspire the community villager on inheriting the intangible cultural heritage. E.g Meiyuangou God Dance, performed by the community villagers in the off season, who have a strong sense of self-identity on unique culture of the community. If the the organization related to Meiyuan God Dance is established, it will stimulate the culture awareness of the community,

internalizing the protection and development of cultural natural heritage into all aspects of their lives. The local cultural and natural heritage will be passed down and protected through the interpretation of local people.

9.2 Community Participation Mechanism The main mechanisms for community participation in this project include two aspects: one is to set up community organizations, and the other is to strengthen the capacity building of community organizations.

9.2.1 Setting up Community Organization As an important part of heritage protection, community organizations have an indispensable and important role compared to the government's heritage protection work. Through the propaganda and enlightenment of the media and the government, community villagers establish a sense of ownership and cultural identity of their own cultural heritage, and the community masses voluntarily organize and establish community organizations for the protection and development of folk cultural heritage. Except local villagers, members of community organizations should also invite relevant local cultural heritage industry associations, various cultural research associations, professional cultural heritage protection organizations and religious organizations to establish rural community organizations within the project area. The community organization are divided in to profit and non- profit by attribute. Profit community organizations include various agricultural product processing and sales, industrial development, tourism and cultural products processing and sales, etc.; non-profit community organizations include cultural heritage and development, tourism services and other associations and cooperatives. The community organization newly established make cultural holders join in the heritage protection and management, it is possible to continue the cultural heritage protection to the greatest extent and achieve sustainable development of the heritage at a lower cost.

9.2.2 Capacity Building for Community Organization To make community organizations to really play a role, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity building of community organizations. Capacity building includes five aspects: team building, system construction, management training, advocacy training , and financial training. These will be done through the project implementation.

9.3 Basic Rights to Participate in Community Organizations Firstly, protect the right to know of community organizations. The Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio, Television and Tourism Bureau and relevant government 49

departments should set up special channels to inform community organizations about the protection of heritage, such as existing natural, cultural and material heritage, and ongoing government-related projects on heritage conservation. Community organizations open up and advocate information on the protection of public heritage resources, set up relevant consultation office, provide free consultation on the immediate interests of the project, and report it to the project design unit and local government departments. In addition, a group meeting will be held to inform relevant information through face-to-face exchanges in response to the reality that most community organizations do not access the Internet, Secondly, guarantee the right to participate in community organizations. The form of community organization participation is to establish a community organization to protect the heritage and supervise the work of the relevant management departments. villagers of surrounding communities affected by the tea culture scenic spot construction project can spontaneously establish a “cultural and natural heritage protection and development community group” to supervise the work of the government departments and make recommendations. The participation rights of community organizations run through the entire heritage protection project.

Finally, the right to complain and appeal from community organizations is guaranteed. The community organization participation is a third-party in the heritage protection, which does not have the compulsory and authoritative nature of the government. Therefore, it is inevitable that there will be setbacks in the process of exercising the right to participate, and there is a need to complain. The Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Television and Tourism Bureau has a special petition bureau. If community organizations have opinions and suggestions in the process of participating in the heritage protection and failure to express in the government departments. They can reiterate their opinions through the petition office.

10. Conclusions and Suggestions

10.1 Conclusions The project will bring in significant social and economic benefits and positive impacts to the project areas. The social risks are deemed limited and can be controlled with various kinds of mitigation measures. The project will also have significant positive impacts on local people in terms of more economic opportunities, skill development and capacity building. The main stakeholder groups of the project including local government departments concerned, especially the Kang County Culture, Sports, Radio and Tourism Bureau is the implementing agency of the project with support of a range of other departments. Other key stakeholders include community villagers, commercial operators, tourism service providers, tourists, women and the poor people in project areas. The project also have a range of positive social impacts for local community and people. There will be some social risks and negative impacts but controllable.

The SA team assessed the situation of population in the project area and concluded that there is no ethnic minority in the project according to the Bank Indigenous People term definition under its OP4.10 policy. Therefore the SA concludes that the Bank OP4.10 policy of indigenous people is not applicable to the project affected areas. The OP4.10 policy is not triggered in this subproject.

The social assessment has confirmed that all constructions of new tea culture scenic spot in Kang County subproject at this stage are planned to be carried out on the existing state-owned or public land. The land of 70 mu tea culture experience park is the collective land which was contracted out to 14 farm households with 56 persons. However, the land ownership of the contracted land belongs to the village collective, farmers only have use rights. The construction of the tea culture experience park will not change the ownership of the collective land. The project will help establish public facilities in the tea experience park, and later maintenance and operation of the park will be managed by the farmers according to a unified standard which will be determined through sound negotiation between farmers and the County PMO after the project is approved. But a resettlement policy framework is prepared for this subproject in particular in case of any change to project civil works location and land use. In case there is any new land acquisition emerging as the location and size of project civil works become clear and finally determined during project implementation, by following the project resettlement policy framework (RPF), a resettlement action plan should be prepared and carried out. Any people affected by land acquisition and resettlement should be compensated and resettled properly.

A number of mitigation measures will be taken to address the negative impacts and risks social as suggested below.

10.2 Mitigation Measures against social risks and negative impacts

(1) Promote publicity of environment and security awareness for project community people and tourists, put the garbage collection stations and facilities in a rational way, promote the green tourism concept that reduce the solid wastes pollution in the scenic spot; in addition, the banners and signs of safety promotion should be set in the scenic areas that remind the visitors to pay attention to. (2) The construction units reasonably arrange the construction time to avoid the excavation of earthwork during the rainy season, avoid the construction during the breaks of community villagers, avoid transporting the engineering materials during peak period of tourists and crowded period of the community. (3) Manage ecological carrying capacity with tourism. Adopt the methods such as control ticket sales in accordance with local environmental capacity. According to the maximum carrying capacity of the approved scenic spot, the number of ticket sales, the reservation brigade, and the balance of the peak season will be adopted to alleviate the ecological carrying capacity and balance the ecosystem. (4) Improve infrastructure in the scenic spot and quality of tourism services. It is recommended that all departments work together to complete the various approval procedures in the early stage of the project as soon as possible. At the same , it is also suggested that the PPMO engage a third-party consulting agency to enhance the comprehensive service capacity of community villagers to participate in the scenic spot through capacity building. (5) Incubate more well-functioning community organizations and facilitate community wide and deep participation in the project implementation and local development. Engage the third-party organizations to foster community organizations that are actively involved and energetic, and develop strategic planning for community organizations, build communication platforms for community villagers to participate in scenic spot, strengthen the functions of community organizations, and increase the participation of community villagers and share the development results of the scenic spot. At the same time, the proportion of female members is required to be no less than 30%. Women are encouraged to participate in various meetings and training organized by community organizations and scenic spots management office, and women are encouraged to participate in the service industry such as catering, tea, handicraft and embroidery. (6) In case of land acquisition and resettlement, the project needs to follow the project resettlement policy framework to prepare and carry out resettlement action plan, including improvement of community alternative livelihoods. The third-party 52

consultation agency could be engaged to provide the community villagers with related training and assistance on alternative livelihoods and specific skills. (7) Maintain stable project management offices. The PMO consists of staff from relevant government functional departments and shall not change management team and staff frequently. IN each PMO of project counties or district, a social staff should be designated to take charge of social development and safeguards work of their subproject and PPMO shall have a designated social staff to coordinate and guide all social staff of county level PMOs. The PMO is established to keep effective leadership, smooth information flow, communication and reporting and management mechanism. The staff of PMO shall be trained on project management and stable in the team so as to keep efficiency and effectiveness of the project management. (8) Promote social gender equality and empower women. The survey team recommends that the proportion of female members is clearly required to be no less than 30%, and women participation is also required in the management of community organizations when establishing a community organization. Women should also be encouraged to participate in various meetings and training organized by community organizations and scenic management committees, and to participate in the service industry such as catering, tea art, handicraft, embroidery and other business. Women should be equally treated as same as men during the recruitment. (9) The responsible person should strengthen the staff management and increase the night patrol to avoid the security accidents. (10) Prevention measures for COVID-19: The World Bank ESF/Safeguards Interim Note: COVID-19 considerations in construction/civil works projects shall be observed and also applied to contractors/subcontractors. ① Entry/exit to the work site should be controlled and documented for both workers and other parties, including support staff and suppliers. ②Training workers and staff on site on the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect themselves (including regular handwashing and social distancing) and what to do if they or other people have symptoms. ③ Ensuring handwashing facilities supplied with soap, disposable paper towels and closed waste bins exist at key places throughout site, including at entrances/exits to work areas; where there is a toilet, canteen or food distribution, or provision of drinking water; in worker accommodation; at waste stations; at stores; and in common spaces. Where handwashing facilities do not exist or are not adequate, arrangements should be made to set them up. Alcohol based sanitizer (if available, 60-95% alcohol) can also be used. ④ Conduct regular and thorough cleaning of all site facilities, including offices, accommodation, canteens, common spaces. Review cleaning protocols for key construction equipment (particularly if it is being operated by different workers).

⑤ Training cleaners in proper hygiene (including handwashing) prior to, during and after conducting cleaning activities; how to safely use PPE (where required); in waste control (including for used PPE and cleaning materials). ⑥ Where it is anticipated that cleaners will be required to clean areas that have been or are suspected to have been contaminated with COVID-19, providing them with appropriate PPE: gowns or aprons, gloves, eye protection (masks, goggles or face screens) and boots or closed work shoes. If appropriate PPE is not available, cleaners should be provided with best available alternatives. ⑦ Consider changes to work processes and timings to reduce or minimize contact between workers, recognizing that this is likely to impact the project schedule. ⑧ For further information see WHO COVID-19 advice for the public and ILO Standards).

Annex : Questionnaires Questionnaire 1: Questionnaire for Local Officials in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project Hello! World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project is involved with five sub-projects in four cities (Prefectures) of Baiyin, Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia ( Baili Grotto in Jiangchuan County, Guan’egou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”. This questionnaire invites the County’s (Prefecture) officials to evaluate the scenic spots in this area involved in the World Bank Project using the way of secret ballot, and please fill the contents not mentioned which you think is necessary. Thank you for your cooperation and support!

1.Basic Information Your gender: □Male □Female Age: years old Current post and rank:

2. Are you a native? □Yes □No

3. How many times have you been to Scenic area? □None □Once □Twice □Three times □Many times

4. Which do you think is the most valuable part of the local scenic spots? ( Multiple choice) □Aesthetic value □Scientific value □History and culture value □Entertainmental Value □Religious worship Value □Health care and medical treatment □ Other values

5.Which is the development direction that should be emphasized in the local scenic tourism? ( Multiple choice) □Ecotourism □Adventure Tourism □Other □Sightseeing □Vacation □Entertainment □Religious worship □ Folk Experience Tourism□Shopping Tourism □Cultural Tourism

6. What do you think of the feasibility of the World Bank Project(abbreviation of World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Phrase II ) □Very good□Good□Just so so□Not good□Unclear

7.Which difficulties and obstacles do you think will be faced for the implementation of the World Bank Project? ( Multiple choice) □ Inadequate policy support □Noncooperation of local villagers□Poor traffic conditions □Information congestion□Enthusiasm absence of local officials □other

8. Which aspects do you think will the World Bank Project bring benefits to the local? (Multiple choices) □Promoting employment □Reducing poverty □Improving the ecological environment □Promoting cultural and natural heritage protection □Enhancing tourism development □ Increasing popularity of the scenic spots □Improving traffic conditions □Other

9. Which negative impacts do you think will the World Bank Project bring to the local? Which are they? (Multiple choice) □None □Unclear □Damaging the environment □Disturbing villagers □Occupying land □Increasing management cost □Other

10. How do you think of the local conservation status of the cultural and natural heritage? □ Very good □ Good □ Just so so □ Poor □ Very poor

11. Which aspect do you think should the World Bank Project invest in with emphasis on the scenic? (Multiple choices) □Infrastructure construction □Cultural heritage protection □Ecological environment governance □Scenic management training □ Development and construction of agritainment in peripheral zone of resorts □Strengthening resorts propaganda □Other

12. How do you think of the villagers' willingness to participate in tourism operation or service? □With very high willingness □With high willingness □With general willingness □Will low willingness to □ unclear

13. What’s your advice for the World Bank Project combing the local reality?

Thank you for your support! Wish you a happy life!

Questionnaire 2: Questionnaire for Community Villagers in Scenic Spots in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project Hello! World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project is involved with five sub-projects in four cities (Prefectures) of Baiyin, Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia ( Baili Grotto in Jiangchuan County, Guan’egou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”. Thanks for your cooperation in the questionnaire. The questionnaire will conduct in the way of secret ballot and the results will only be used in academic research, without bring any negative impact on your life and work. Please let us know your true thoughts and fill in what fits your situation or use “”. Thank you for your assistance and support!

1. Basic information of the interviewee Gender: □Male □Female Age: Nationality: Education level：□Junior High school and the below □Senior high school □Technical secondary school or junior college □Bachelor □graduate or the higher level The number of family member: family annual income: yuan

2. The distance from home to scenic spot:

3. Your religious: □Islam □Catholicism □Buddhism □Taoism□Other religion□have no religious belief

4. Do you think whether the local tourism has had negative effect on local ecological environment? □Yes, serious destruction □Yes, slight destruction □No □ Tourism makes the local natural environment better

5. Do you think whether the development of scenic spot has affected you and your family? □Yes, has been compensated □ Yes, the compensation is few □Yes, but without any compensation □ No

6. What about your attitude about lots of tourists? □Dislike □Welcome □Not care

7. Do you think your family benefited from tourism development? □Yes □No

8. Do you think it is possible to increase family income by working in scenic spot? □Yes □No

9. How much do you know about local cultural and natural heritage (non-material cultural heritage)? □A lot □some □a few □few □don’t know at all

10. Do you pay attention to the development and construction of local scenic spot? □Yes □No

11. Do you think it is reasonable to have the local villagers benefit from the exploration of local scenic spot? □Yes □No □Don’t care

12. Do you think whether the surrounding villagers have the responsibility to participate in the protection of local cultural and natural heritage and non-material cultural heritage? □Yes □don’t care □have no business with yourself

13. Is there any family member works in the local scenic spot? □Yes □No &these questions are only for the surrounding villagers who did not work in the scenic spot (Q14-16)

14. If you have not participated in business operations in scenic spot, do you have the intention to participate or not? □Yes □No

15. Do you have channel to work in scenic spot? □Yes □No

16. What is your job? □farming □working □individual business owner□others

& this question is only for nearby villagers who have participated in scenic spot’s working (17-21)

17. If you have already participated in tourism service, what is your work now? □managers in scenic spot □cleaners in scenic spot □staffs in amusement sports □restaurant □accommodation □small ware retailing □Agricola □private vendor □others

18. what did you do before participating in tourism work? □farming □working □individual business owner □others

19. How did you participate in working of scenic spot? □recruitment of scenic spot □with the help of acquaintance □governmnet support □registration operation of individual household □private □others

20. what is the income from working in scenic spot? yuan

21. After working in scenic spot, did the family income increase? □yes, a lot □yes, but not so much □no change in income □less

22. If the planning construction of scenic spot affect you and it can not be solved, do you know how to appeal? If yes, please write it out. □yes □no

23. What opinion do you have on the poverty alleviation and become rich for nearby villagers and on increasing income?

Thank you for your support! Have a nice life!

Questionnaire 3: Questionnaire for Business Operators in Scenic Spots in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project Hello! World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project is involved with five sub-projects in four cities (Prefectures) of Baiyin, Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia (Baili Grotto in Jiangchuan County, Guan’egou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”. Thanks for your cooperation in the questionnaire. The questionnaire will conduct in the way of secret ballot and the results will only be used in academic research, without bring any negative impact on your life and work. Please let us know your true thoughts and fill in what fits your situation or use “”. Thank you for your assistance and support!

1. Basic Information Your gender: □Male □Female Age: years old Nationality:

2. Are you a native? □Yes □No

3. Your religion: □ Islam□ Catholic □ Buddhism□Taoism □Other religions □ No religion

4. Business operation type: □Hotel □Restaurant □Agritainment □ Small business operation □Roadside vendors □Entertainment □Other

5. How long have you been engaged in this?

6. What did you do before you engage in this operation? □Farming □Off-farm work □Privately or individually-owned business □Others

7. How much is your annual household income before you engaged in this operation? Yuan/year

8. How much is the net household income from the business operation in Scenic Spot? Yuan/year

9. Whether your household income has been increased after you engaged in the operation in Scenic Spot? □Yes, with noticeable increase □Yes, but not increase much □No difference □Income decreases

10. Do you think the development of local tourism has damaged the local ecological environment? □Yes, severely □ Yes, slightly □ No □ The local natural environment has become better because of toursim

11. Do you think the entrance of the tourists has disturbed the normal life of the local people? □Serious interference □ No obvious interference □ No

12. How much do you know about the local cultural and natural heritage or the intangible cultural heritage? □Very much □Much □A little □Don’t know much □Nothing

13. Do you pay attention to the development of the local scenic spots? 59

□ Yes□No

14. Do you think that the local people should get profits in the development of the local Scenic Spot? □Yes□No□Do not care

15. Do you think the neighbors have the responsibility to participate in the protection of local cultural and natural heritage or intangible cultural heritage? □Yes□It doesn’t matter □Non of my business

16. How did you participate the Scenic Spot commercial operation? □Scenic recruiting □The help of acquaintance □Government support □Self-registered business operation □Private □Other

17. Have you ever participated in job training? □ Yes □No

18 What’s your advice on the aspects of scenic development helping the villagers to participate in tourism business operations?

Thank you for your support! Wish you a happy life!

Questionnaire 4: Questionnaire for Tourists in World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project Hello! World Bank Loaned Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development II Project Phrase II is involved with six sub-projects in three cities (Prefectures) of Pingliang, Longnan, Linxia (Yunya Temple in Zhuanglang County, Baili Grottoes in Jingchuan County, Kongtong Mountain in Kongtong Region, Guan’e Gou in Tanchang County, Yangba in Kang County, Songmingyan Hua’er and Ancient Animal Fossil Museum in Hezheng County ), with a total investment of 820 million yuan, of which $ 100 million coming from the World Bank loan, which is an integrated project of historic preservation, tourism, construction, roads, landscape and other many industries. The target of the project is to achieve “Alleviating Absolute Poverty and Sharing Economic Prosperity”.The questionnaire will conduct in the way of secret ballot and the results will only be used in academic research, without bring any negative impact on your life or work. Please let us know your true thoughts and fill in what fits your situation or use “”. Thank you for your assistance and support!

1. Basic Information Your gender: □Male □Female Age: years old Occupation: □Corporate / Company employee □Government department staff □Public institution staff □Self-employed □Freelancers □ Teacher/professor □ Student □Soldier □The emeritus and retired □Farmer □Other

Educational level: □ Junior high school and below □Senior high school □Technical secondary school or junior college□ Undergraduate □ Postgraduate or above Nationality: Monthly income: □Below 2,000yuan □ 2,000 ~ 4,000 yuan □ 4,000 ~ 6,000 yuan □ 6,000 ~ 8,000 yuan □Over 8,000 yuan

Permanent address: County City (State) Province (autonomous region)

2. Evaluation of the resort status: satisfied / quite satisfied / general / less satisfied / very dissatisfied 1) On the scenic service quality □ □ □ □ □ 2) On the scenic environmental quality □ □ □ □ □ 3) On the scenic value □ □ □ □ □ 4) On the scenic charges □ □ □ □ □ 5) On the traffic status □ □ □ □ □ 6) On the scenic hygienic condition □ □ □ □ □ 7) On the scenic security □ □ □ □ □ 8) On the scenic catering □ □ □ □ □ 9) On the scenic guide identification □ □ □ □ □ 10) On the scenic accommodation □ □ □ □ □ 11) On the scenic leisure facilities □ □ □ □ □ 12) On the scenic tickets □ □ □ □ □ 13) On the scenic conservation status Satisfaction □ □ □ □ □ 14) On the overall evaluation of the scenic □ □ □ □ □

3. What’s your purpose of travelling here? □ Sightseeing □leisure□Tasting delicious food□ Investigating and studying □Exploration □Religious worship □Making friends and seeing relatives □other

4. The expenditure per capita to this Scenic Spot for one time: yuan, spending mostly on_____?

5. How many times have you been here for travel? ___times

Do you have the intention to visit here again? □ Yes □ No

6. What’s your way of organizating this tour? □Individual□Friends or family together□Units organized □Travel agencies □ Other

7. How did you know this Scenic Spot? (Multiple Choices) □Tourist brochures □Broadcasting □Friends recommendation □ Textbooks □Newspapers and magazines □Network □Travel agencies □ Outdoor advertisement □ other

8. How much do you know about the concept of the cultural and natural heritage protection? □ Very much □ Much□A little□ almost little □ Know nothing

9. What’s your most impressive part in this scenic? □ Attractions quality□Scenic environment□ Friendly services □ Special products sale□ Other

10. Whether do you think the tourists should consciously participate in environmental, cultural and natural heritage protection during travelling? □Yes, they should □Not necessary □Unclear

11. Which aspects do you think the Scenic Spot suits to develop to? (Multiple choices) □Sightseeing □Leisure □Recreation □Religious worship □Folk experience tourism□Shopping tourism □Cultural tourism□Ecotourism □Adventure tourism □Other

12. Which is your most dissatisfied part of this Scenic?

13. Please propose your personal views on improving service in the Scenic:

Thank you for your support! Wish you a happy life!