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Before Pol Pot, Stalin, and Hitler, May, 1918 there were Jemal Pasha, Enver, Russian armies pull out of the Shakir and Talaat, leaders of the Transcaucasus. An Armenian Republic is Young Turks and the decaying proclaimed, while Turkish armies pursue Empire of the OttomanTurks who massacre of the Armenian population that had committed the first Genocide was part of the Russian empire. of the twentieth century. Yet, October, 1918 unlike the other criminals, the An armistice is signed at Mudros between Jemal Pasha, member of the Young Turk Triumvirate and ruler modern Republic of Turkey has Turkish forces and the Allies. This document of Syria, Lebanon and Palestine, inspecting the progress of bestowed on these perpetrators of makes provisions for the return of the Armenian Turkification of Armenian orphans in Damascus. genocide the highest honors, and considers survivors to their homes. them national heroes. One of the most prominent avenues in the capital of Turkey, November, 1918 “When the Armenian population was Armenian Orphans in a Talaat, the Grand Vizier, Enver, Minister of driven from its homes many of the women Ankara, is named after…Talaat Pasha. Turkish orphanage. War, Jemal and others flee Turkey. were not killed but Doorstep-babies: An orphanage “specialized” February, 1919 reserved for a more The extensive in sheltering Armenian women who were raped A Turkish court martial to address war crimes humiliating fate. They by Turks or Kurds and their babies. committed by the Turks is convened in were mostly seized by results of mass Constantinople. Ultimately, Talaat, Enver, Jemal, Turkish officers or civilian rape and forced and Dr. Nazim are condemned to death in officials, and consigned to Islamization of absentia. their harems. Others were Armenian December, 1919 sold in the market, but children, In a secret meeting on the status of Cilicia, the only to a Muslim elements of the Turks demand the withdrawal of Allied armies. purchaser, for they were to Acceptance of Turkish terms by France leaves be made Muslims by genocidal Armenian survivors who had returned home force.” process, are from their ordeals at the mercy of Kemalist Lord Bryce, made clear by Turkish forces. The Treatment of the Armenians in The Ottoman Empire. the tens of January, 1920 thousands of After the withdrawal of the Allied forces from Cilicia, the city of Marash is attacked by Armenian Turkish Nationalist forces. In a series of new Choices Worse Than Death children in massacres, 10,000 Armenians are killed. The deportation policy created Turkish circumstances of starvation, April, 1920 exhaustion, and victimization in orphanages at The San Remo Conference delegates the which Armenians --particularly the end of W.W.I.. United States President Woodrow Wilson to mothers who had survived a�er their determine the new borders of Armenia. husbands' murders-- were forced to Halide Hanum with make cruel but necessary judgments a group ofTurkified Armenian girls August, 1920 to maximize survival. destined to be distributed In France, the Treaty of Sèvres is signed by amongst “good” Turkish families. Turkey, the Republic of Armenia and the Allied powers. The Turkish government · Is my life more valuable than my child's? promises to hand over all wartime criminals · If all of my children cannot survive, which A larger aim of the genocide is obliterating a people’s heritage, their to the Allies. Articles 88 and 89 recognize shall I seek to preserve? cultural and spiritual existence, in addition to killing and dispersing Republic of Armenia as a free and · Is it better that we die together, or that some actual people. Thorough genocide requires destroying their historical independent state. The new borders of the survive alone? Armenian Republic, drawn by President importance, the memory and even the fact that they existed. Wilson, include the territories previously · Is it preferable that my children die, or under Russian rule and the six Armenian that I give them to a passing Turk or Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire. Kurd, knowing that they will lose all identity, but perhaps survive? Turkish Nationalist forces maintain their 4VDI
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NBSDI Armenia. Bolsheviks of Russia and Turkish Nationalists "...the frightful sight of the swarms of led by Mustafa Kemal form an alliance. orphans increase daily. At the sides of the camp, a row of holes in the ground covered November, 1920 with rags, had been While Woodrow Wilson expresses his prepared for them. frustrations about implementing the new Girls and boys of all borders of the Republic of Armenia, Soviet Armenia Past and Present forces regain total control of the Caucasus. ages were sitting in Cilicia (Li�le Armenia) these holes, heads Historic Armenia (Great Armenia) December, 1920 together, abandoned Present Day Boundaries The Republic of Armenia becomes part of the and reduced to Soviet Union. A new treaty between the forces animals, starved, International Herald Tribune December 26, 1986. of Kemalist Turkey and Russian Communists without food or News article by Sytske Looijen. provides a territory consisting of less than bread, deprived of the In Istanbul, the publisher of a Turkish edition of the Encyclopaedia 10% of the homeland defined by US President most basic human Britannica faces charges of weakening Turkish national feelings because the Wilson. th aid, packed tightly work says an Armenian state existed in Southern Anatolia in the 11 January, 1921 one against the other century. Isfendiyar Bariounu, chief prosecutor at the state Security Court, The Ottoman government abolishes the courts martial. and trembling from said the statement was “contrary to historical facts.” If found guilty, Hulya the night cold. Poturoglu, the publisher, could be sentenced to four and half years in prison. November, 1922 Following the impasse after the Paris Peace Armin T. Wegner, Conference, the first Lausanne Conference is German Officer/Sanitory Worker In Damascus, Syria, Franz Werfel and his companion and convened in Switzerland. future wife, Alma Mahler, visited a carpet weaving plant. February, 1923 The owner personally conducted a tour through the The Lausanne Conference deadlocks over the factory. Passing along the rows of looms, the two were “Armenian Question”. visibly shaken by the sight of emaciated children with El The dire conditions of the Armenian population Greco faces and enormous eyes. “What strange living in the Ottoman Empire attracted the children are these?” Werfel inquired. “These poor attention of the international community. creatures? They’re the children of Armenians killed off Ultimately, the expression “The Armenian Question” came to designate persecution of the by the Turks,” the owner explained. Leaving the factory Armenians of the Empire. In 1878, the Treaty in a daze, Werfel was unable to get the scrawny children of San Stefano as well as the Treaty of Berlin out of his mind. The visit proved to be the catalyst that used the term “Armenian Question” as a inspired his epic novel, The Forty Days of Musa Dagh. reference to the sufferings of Armenians and Surviving children waiting to be admitted to an orphanage. their rights for fair and humane treatment. A group of corphaned children under the care of Danish missionaries. July, 1923 30,000 children of “Orphan City”, administered by the The Treaty of Lausanne is signed by Turkey and Near East Relief, an American charitable organization. the Allies. The final text excludes all mention of Armenia or Armenians. The Armenian homeland, as defined by the Treaty of Sèvres, disappears within the newly recognized borders of the Republic of Turkey. August, 1939 A week before the invasion of Poland and the start of World War II, Adolph Hitler speaks of his orders "to kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish race or language," and concludes his remarks by asking, "Who, after all, speaks today of the extermination of the serop nenejian Armenians?”

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