Past and recent biodiversity profiling in ancient Lake Chalco Mexico by a metagenomics analysis

Bárbara Moguel, Liseth Pérez, Luis David Alcaraz, Socorro Lozano-García, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Jazmín Blaz, Margarita Caballero, María Ávila-Arcos, Juan Pedro Laclette, Israel Muñoz-Velasco, Beatriz Ortega-guerrero, Arturo Becerra, and Claudia Romero-Oliva

Bárbara Moguel, PhD Postdoctoral researcher LIIGH/UNAM Lake Chalco

Wikimedia.org Core sampled We collected 12 Map of Mexico samples for: Lake Chalco: 2.5 mts drilling Located at the Center of Mexico 12,000 years B.P. fossil diatoms Holocene geochemistry 2,240 MASL metagenomic analysis. Transmexican Volcanic belt

We combined metagenomics result, fossil diatoms and geochemical records:

And were be able to reconstructed the past local enviromental condition related to the Holocene period in the lake Chalco, Mexico. Here we show the biodiversity results base on metagenomics analysis, the fossil diatoms assemblages and geochemistry analysis

Fossil diatoms Geochemestry

Halamphora veneta Ti / Fe (runoff) Subsaline Nitzschia frustulum

Anomoeoneis costata Hyposaline TOC (eutrophication) Halamphora veneta

Mn/Fe (transfer of Freshwater Small arafid electrons) Bar plot top10 most abundant families

B A Bacteria Archaea Fungi

Md Md Agaricus Cladochytrium Hygrocybe Phaffomyces Sordaria Arthroderma Cordyceps Laccaria Physarum Spizellomyces Md Md Boothiomyces Dacrymyces Malassezia Polysphondylium Tilletia 25 25 genus Calocera Furculomyces Moelleriella Rozella Tricholoma 50 50 Calonectria Gibberella Myrothecium Saccharomycopsis Tubaria

60 60 Candida Harpophora Nectria Scutellospora Tulasnella

85 85 Chaetomium Hyaloraphidium Olpidium Smittium

Depth 110 110 Depth

135 135 md 160 160

185 185 5000 210 210

235 235 5000 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Relative abundance Relative abundance

unclassified (derived from Dehalococcoidetes) Planctomycetaceae Clostridiaceae Bacillaceae Peptococcaceae Cenarchaeaceae Thermoproteaceae Thermococcaceae Nitrosopumilaceae Methanocaldococcaceae 6000 Family Family Sulfolobaceae Methanosarcinaceae Desulfurococcaceae Archaeoglobaceae Thermofilaceae Thermoanaerobacteraceae Desulfobacteraceae Geobacteraceae Desulfovibrionaceae Flavobacteriaceae

6500 Eukaryota

C Md 7000 Md

25 7700 50

60 8700 85

110 Depth 9600 135

160

185 11000

210

235 11500

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Relative abundance 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Poaceae Culicidae unclassified (derived from Dictyosteliida) Mesotaeniaceae Chlamydomonadaceae Relative abundance Family unclassified (derived from Euglenales) Desmidiaceae Cladophoraceae Zygnemataceae Pyrenomonadaceae Discover new microorganisms difficult or impossible to culture.

Metagenomic are transforming the microbiology and Advantage of the ecology through new concepts. metagenomics sedaDNA is less destructive sampling directly from soil or sediment and is feasible to have a scheme of the to explore environment and its interactions. sedaDNA studies Conclusion

• Metagenomics approach correlate with fossil diatom zones proposed and let us infer changes in past environments at lake Chalco.

• During hyposaline zone, the lake Chalco was shallow, warm, hyposaline and eutrophic, with anoxic bottom waters.

• We evidenced a transition stage between the hyposaline and subsaline zones, mainly due to the change in vegetation, the boom of mosquitoes (Culicidae), higher precipitation (Ti), pathogenic fungai, and crops.

• Therefore, we propose that the first human activities had a large and rapid impact on the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in this area. Thank you