DOCSLIB.ORG

Alasan Myanmar Menerima Diplomasi Indonesia Terkait Konflik Rohingya Periode 2015-2017

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alasan Myanmar Menerima Diplomasi Indonesia Terkait Konflik Rohingya Periode 2015-2017 ALASAN MYANMAR MENERIMA DIPLOMASI INDONESIA TERKAIT KONFLIK ROHINGYA PERIODE 2015-2017 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.SOS) Oleh: Achmad Zulfani 11151130000048 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2019 M I II ABSTRAK III Skripsi ini menganalisis alasan dari sikap terbuka Myanmar kepada Indonesia dalam bentuk penerimaan diplomasi Indonesia terkait konflik Rohingya periode 2015-2017. Terkait dengan konflik Rohingya yang mengalami eskalasi pada 2015 Myanmar bersikap cenderung tertutup kepada dunia dengan cara salah satunya menolak bantuan dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB). Hal tersebut didasari oleh respons dunia internasional seperti PBB dan Malaysia yang merespons dengan menggunakan megaphone diplomacy dan pandangan Myanmar bahwa konflik Rohingya merupakan konflik internal sehingga tidak ada negara yang berhak untuk mencampuri urusan internal Myanmar. Indonesia juga merespons konflik Rohingya dengan menggunakan diplomasi yang inklusif dan konstruktif, yaitu non-megaphone dan diplomasi publik yang intensif pada 2015-2017 dan menjadi negara yang diizinkan oleh Myanmar untuk ikut membantu konflik Rohingya. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan deskriptif serta teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka beserta wawancara dengan pihak- pihak terkait. Untuk menganalisis, skripsi ini menggunakan kerangka teoritis konstruktivisme dan konsep diplomasi publik, kedua hal tersebut berkaitan untuk menjelaskan alasan Myanmar menerima diplomasi Indonesia terkait konflik Rohingya periode 2015-2017. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari teori konstruktivisme dan konsep diplomasi dapat disimpulkan alasan Myanmar menerima diplomasi Indonesia. Pertama, faktor diplomasi Indonesia, yaitu menggunakan non-megaphone diplomacy dan diplomasi publik yang menimbulkan kepercayaan Myanmar terhadap Indonesia. Kedua, faktor identitas Myanmar yang sedang membangun identitas sebagai negara demokrasi dan Indonesia merupakan salah satu sahabat yang membantu demokratisasi Myanmar. Ketiga, adalah faktor keamanan dan kedaulatan Myanmar yang sedang bergejolak, tidak hanya persoalan Konflik Rohingya, tetapi juga dengan kelompok-kelompok etnis di Myanmar. Kata kunci: Konflik Rohingya, Indonesia, non-megaphone diplomacy, megaphone diplomacy, konstruktivisme, diplomasi publik. IV KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‘Alamin, segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Tidak lupa juga menuturkan sholawat kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga dan sahabat yang telah membawa umat manusia kepada zaman yang terang benderang. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi ini terdapat pihak- pihak yang telah membantu penulis karena telah memberikan dukungan kepada penulis sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karena kehendak-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 2. Keluarga penulis, Ayahanda (alm.) Abu Bakar Azhari, Ibunda Masripah, Kak Atiyyah, Bang Ali Pasya, Ka Riri Arisyia, Bang Faiz Fadhilah, Adinda Dini Hanifa, Ka Dio, Ka Yeti, dan Bang Luthfi. 3. Dosen pembimbing penulis, Bapak Dr. Badrus Sholeh, MA yang telah meluangkan waktu dan membimbing penulis dengan sabar beserta memberikan saran-saran dalam proses penyelesaian skripsi. 4. Segenap jajaran staff dan dosen program studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional UIN Jakarta yang telah memberikan ilmu kepada penulis. V 5. Bapak Ali Yusuf dan Ibu Dewi Lestari atas kebesaran hatinya yang telah bersedia menjadi narasumber penulis guna mencari data terkait sehingga dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 6. Sahabat-sahabat penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan kepada penulis sampai menyelesaikan masa studi, yaitu kepada Helma Liyani, Adinda Nur Layla, Vivien Sevira, Ismi Azizah, Ruella Salsabila, Syahnaz Risfa, Farah Azizah, Ka Zahra Yusuf, Aulia Effriyanti, Halida Maulidia, Muthia Aljufri, Nurul Fazriah Ramadhan, Nabil Rahdiga, Gebryan Dwivandrio, Mas Bimo Arfino, Fahmi Fahrizal, Chivalry A. Moraza, Fadhly Nurman, Randy, Panji Setia, Fadli Husnurrahman, Fathi Rizki, Anugerah Madjid Harahap, Andhito Susanto, Farid Ramadhan, Akmal Sofiyandi, Ridwan Dicky, Farhan Fawwaz, Adib Fardhan, Zulfikar Fadel, Utomo WP, Ario Budi, Trian Febriansyah, Nurfadhilah Arini, Tiwi, dan Neng Sindy. 7. Keluarga besar Revolutioner Class, EED dan Pejantan Sehat sebagai kelas Hubungan Internasional. 8. Keluarga besar HMI KOMFISIP yang telah memberikan penulis ilmu dan pengalaman yang sangat berharga di luar kelas. 9. Keluarga besar KKN 32 Kebanggaan dan HIMAHI UIN Jakarta periode 2015 beserta seluruh kawan perjuangan HI UIN Jakarta angkatan 2015. Penulis berharap segala dukungan dan doa yang telah diberikan kepada penulis diberikan imbalan yang setimpal dari Allah SWT. Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan skripsi ini jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran akan sangat membantu penulis untuk menjadi bahan perbaikan penulisan skripsi ini. VI Harapan penulis adalah semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat kepada pembaca dan sumbangsih terhadap studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Jakarta, 8 Agustus 2019 Achmad Zulfani VII DAFTAR ISI PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME....................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PENGESAHAN PANITIA SKRIPSI............................................................................. II ABSTRAK........................................................................................................................ III KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................................... V DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................. VIII DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................................... X DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................... XI DAFTAR SINGKATAN................................................................................................ XII BAB I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 1 A. Pernyataan Masalah................................................................................................ 1 B. Pertanyaan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 9 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 9 D. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................................................. 10 E. Kerangka Teori .................................................................................................... 15 1. Konstruktivisme………………………………………………………………. 15 2. Konsep Diplomasi Publik…………………………………………………….. 21 F. Metode Penelitian................................................................................................. 24 G. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................................... 26 BAB II MYANMAR DAN DINAMIKA KAWASAN TERKAIT KONFLIK ROHINGYA..................................................................................................................... 29 A. Profil Myanmar .................................................................................................... 30 B. Kolonialisme dan Dampaknya terhadap Perpecahan Etnis di Myanmar............... 31 C. Awal Konflik Rohingya ....................................................................................... 36 D. Konflik Rohingya 2012-2017 ............................................................................... 38 E. Hubungan Bilateral dan Regional dengan Myanmar terkait Konflik Rohingya.... 43 1. Hubungan Bilateral Myanmar dan Bangladesh…………………………………. 44 2. Hubungan Myanmar dengan ASEAN………………………………………….. 46 BAB III HUBUNGAN INDONESIA DAN MYANMAR TERKAIT KONFLIK ROHINGYA..................................................................................................................... 50 A. Sejarah Hubungan Diplomatik Indonesia dan Myanmar ...................................... 50 B. Hubungan Indonesia dan Myanmar dalam Aspek Ekonomi, Sosial dan Politik ... 51 VIII 1. Hubungan Ekonomi dan Sosial Indonesia dan Myanmar……………………….. 51 2. Hubungan Politik Indonesia dan Myanmar………………………………………54 C. Hubungan Myanmar dan Indonesia terkait Konflik Rohingya ............................. 58 BAB IV ALASAN MYANMAR MENERIMA DIPLOMASI INDONESIA TERKAIT KONFLIK ROHINGYA PERIODE 2015-2017.........................................66 A. Diplomasi Publik .................................................................................................. 67 B. Ideational Structure Myanmar terkait Penerimaan Diplomasi Indonesia ............. 73 C. Material Structure Myanmar terkait Penerimaan Diplomasi Indonesia................ 81 BAB V PENUTUP............................................................................................................ 86 A. KESIMPULAN ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trade, Capital & Conflict
    Logistical Spaces VIII Trade, Capital and Conflict: A Case Study of the Frontier Towns of Moreh-Tamu and Champhai Soma Ghosal & Snehashish Mitra 2017 Trade, Capital and Conflict: A Case Study of the Frontier Towns of Moreh-Tamu and Champhai ∗ Soma Ghosal and Snehashish Mitra The year 2017 is an eventful one in the development of Indo-Myanmar border trade. The Integrated Check Post (ICP), now under construction at Moreh gate No.1, will be operational within two months according to a statement by officials of the Land Port Authority of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and Mr. P.K Mishra, director (Projects) on their three days’ official visit to Moreh in the last week of August 2017. The ICP, observers believe, is a vital cog in India’s Look East, now Act East policy, aimed at integrating the economies of India and Southeast Asia through the northeast. In the year 2006 when the then Minister of State for Commerce, Mr. Jairam Ramesh, spoke of the Centre’s intention of investing Rs.70 crore for the project specifically as part of the Prime Minister’s Look East Policy, the only functional land customs station through which trade across the 1600 kms of Indo-Myanmar border took place was at Moreh. The ICP being built by RITES was then heralded by the Minister as a new concept aimed at managing both trade cargo and passenger movement across the border and providing modern infrastructure facilities and better connectivity. The ICP would greatly facilitate regional trade and would help the local community living in the border towns of Moreh and Tamu, he felt.
    [Show full text]
  • Statelessness in Myanmar
    Statelessness in Myanmar Country Position Paper May 2019 Country Position Paper: Statelessness in Myanmar CONTENTS Summary of main issues ..................................................................................................................... 3 Relevant population data ................................................................................................................... 4 Rohingya population data .................................................................................................................. 4 Myanmar’s Citizenship law ................................................................................................................. 5 Racial Discrimination ............................................................................................................................... 6 Arbitrary deprivation of nationality ....................................................................................................... 7 The revocation of citizenship.................................................................................................................. 7 Failure to prevent childhood statelessness.......................................................................................... 7 Lack of naturalisation provisions ........................................................................................................... 8 Civil registration and documentation practices .............................................................................. 8 Lack of Access and Barriers
    [Show full text]
  • Moreh-Namphalong Borders Trade
    Moreh-Namphalong Borders Trade Marchang Reimeingam ISBN 978-81-7791-202-9 © 2015, Copyright Reserved The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) is engaged in interdisciplinary research in analytical and applied areas of the social sciences, encompassing diverse aspects of development. ISEC works with central, state and local governments as well as international agencies by undertaking systematic studies of resource potential, identifying factors influencing growth and examining measures for reducing poverty. The thrust areas of research include state and local economic policies, issues relating to sociological and demographic transition, environmental issues and fiscal, administrative and political decentralization and governance. It pursues fruitful contacts with other institutions and scholars devoted to social science research through collaborative research programmes, seminars, etc. The Working Paper Series provides an opportunity for ISEC faculty, visiting fellows and PhD scholars to discuss their ideas and research work before publication and to get feedback from their peer group. Papers selected for publication in the series present empirical analyses and generally deal with wider issues of public policy at a sectoral, regional or national level. These working papers undergo review but typically do not present final research results, and constitute works in progress. MOREH-NAMPHALONG BORDER TRADE Marchang Reimeingam∗ Abstract Level of border trade (BT) taking place at Moreh-Namphalong markets along Indo-Myanmar border is low but significant. BT is immensely linked with the third economies like China which actually supply goods. Moreh BT accounts to two percent of the total India-Myanmar trade. It is affected by the bandh and strikes, insurgency, unstable currency exchange rate and smuggling that led to an economic lost for traders and economy at large.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Labour Migration in Myanmar: Building an Evidence-Base on Patterns in Migration, Human Trafficking
    Internal Labour Migration in Myanmar Building an evidence-base on patterns in migration, human trafficking and forced labour International Labour Organization ILO Liaison Officer for Myanmar Report prepared by Kimberly Rogovin Myanmar translation by Daw Thet Hnin Aye Copyright © International Labour Organization 2015 First published 2015 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Internal labour migration in Myanmar: building an evidence-base on patterns in migration, human trafficking and forced labour; International Labour Organization, ILO Liaison Officer for Myanmar. - Yangon: ILO, 2015 x, 106 p. ISBN: 9789221303916; 9789221303923 (web pdf) International Labour Organization; ILO Liaison Officer for Myanmar labour migration / internal migration / trafficking in persons / forced labour / trend / methodology / Myanmar 14.09.1 Also available in Myanmar: ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ျပည္တြင္းေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းအလုပ္သမားမ်ား ျပည္တြင္းေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းအလုပ္ လုပ္ကုိင္ျခင္း၊ လူကုန္ကူးျခင္း၊ အဓမၼအလုပ္ခုိင္းေစမွႈဆုိင္ရာ ပုံစံမ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ေသာ အေထာက္အထားအေျချပဳသက္ေသ တည္ေဆာက္ျခင္း (ISBN 9789228303919), Yangon, 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Conspiracy, God's Plan and National Emergency
    CHAPTER EIGHT Conspiracy, God’s Plan and National Emergency Kachin Popular Analyses of the Ceasefire Era and its Resource Grabs Laur Kiik Introduction isiting Yangon in 2014, I noticed some well-meaning locals refer to the dragging Kachin military-political impasse by stat- ing: ‘The Kachins are being too stubborn, too emotional now’. OtherV observers find such talk belittling. They respond by emphasising how ‘The Kachins merely demand that Myanmar begin genuine political dialogue on federalism’ and ‘are thus correct in refusing simply to sign a new ceasefire’. This oscillation between explaining the Kachin impasse either through collective emotional trauma or through formal political discourse misses what Mandy Sadan identified in her monograph on Kachin histories as ‘social worlds beyond’.1 As this chapter tries to show, these are diverse, contradictory, and ambitious social worlds that people live within. They cannot be encapsulated by inaccurate and homogenis- ing expressions like ‘the Kachins’, ‘are emotional’, or ‘want federalism’. It is the argument of this chapter that the way people in these worlds understand their ceasefire experiences to express ethno-national emergency, divine predestination, and ethnocidal conspiracy influences directly their contemporary responses to ceasefire politics. 1. Mandy Sadan, Being and Becoming Kachin: Histories Beyond the State in the Border- worlds of Burma (Oxford: The British Academy and Oxford University Press, 2013), 455–60. 205 War and Peace in the Borderlands of Myanmar Figure 8.1: Many Kachin patriots are working for a future Kachin national modernity – a homeland yet-to-be (photo Hpauyam Awng Di). Many chapters in this volume refer to a hardening of Kachin na- tionalist rhetoric in recent years, in particular the chapters by Mahkaw Hkun Sa, Nhkum Bu Lu, Jenny Hedström, and Hkanhpa Tu Sadan.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. in Five
    GAZETTEER OF UPPER BURMA AND THE SHAN STATES. IN FIVE VOLUMES. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL PAPERS BY J. GEORGE SCOTT. BARRISTER-AT-LAW, C.I.E., M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., ASSISTED BY J. P. HARDIMAN, I.C.S. PART II.--VOL. III. RANGOON: PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA. 1901. [PART II, VOLS. I, II & III,--PRICE: Rs. 12-0-0=18s.] CONTENTS. VOLUME III. Page. Page. Page. Ralang 1 Sagaing 36 Sa-le-ywe 83 Ralôn or Ralawn ib -- 64 Sa-li ib. Rapum ib -- ib. Sa-lim ib. Ratanapura ib -- 65 Sa-lin ib. Rawa ib. Saga Tingsa 76 -- 84 Rawkwa ib. Sagônwa or Sagong ib. Salin ib. Rawtu or Maika ib. Sa-gu ib. Sa-lin chaung 86 Rawva 2 -- ib. Sa-lin-daung 89 Rawvan ib. Sagun ib -- ib. Raw-ywa ib. Sa-gwe ib. Sa-lin-gan ib. Reshen ib. Sa-gyan ib. Sa-lin-ga-thu ib. Rimpi ib. Sa-gyet ib. Sa-lin-gôn ib. Rimpe ib. Sagyilain or Limkai 77 Sa-lin-gyi ib. Rosshi or Warrshi 3 Sa-gyin ib -- 90 Ruby Mines ib. Sa-gyin North ib. Sallavati ib. Ruibu 32 Sa-gyin South ib. Sa-lun ib. Rumklao ib. a-gyin San-baing ib. Salween ib. Rumshe ib. Sa-gyin-wa ib. Sama 103 Rutong ib. Sa-gyu ib. Sama or Suma ib. Sai Lein ib. Sa-me-gan-gôn ib. Sa-ba-dwin ib. Saileng 78 Sa-meik ib. Sa-ba-hmyaw 33 Saing-byin North ib. Sa-meik-kôn ib. Sa-ban ib.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecosystem for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kachin State
    The Centre For Inclusive Development Partnerships 2019 The Ecosystem for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kachin State AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR LANDSCAPE SME ECOSYSTEM IN KACHIN REPORT 2019 I This report was funded by the DaNa Facility TABLE OF CONTENTS and Cordaid, and prepared by the Centre for Inclusive Development Partnerships (CIDP). LIST OF FIGURES III ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VI About CIDP 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1 The CIDP is an innovative not-for-profit dialogue and policy advocacy initiative. Founded in 2017, CIDP aims to facilitate inclusive, sustainable gains in Myanmar’s national dialogue, 2. KACHIN STATE: THE CONTEXT 2 governance and economic development processes. CIDP has been working with Micro, 2.1 Internal displacement and discussion of returns 2 Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) in Myanmar at multiple levels, particularly in conflict 2.2 Kachin Economic Overview 3 affected areas. CIDP ‘s MSME initiative goal is to create an enabling and inclusive economic 2.3 Kachin Trade Linkages 4 environment in conflict affected areas through the creation of MSME 2.4 A Changing Economy 4 platforms that can foster dialogue and trust-building among communities, thus supporting 3. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 5 collective efforts for democratic transition and reconciliation processes in the country. 4. SURVEY ANALYSIS : KACHIN SMES 7 CDIP’s Areas of Focus are SME Support, Inclusive Peacebuilding, Policy Advisory Services, 4.1 SME Sector Breakdown 7 and Public Private Partnerships & Coordination. 4.2 SME Demographics 8 4.3 Women in Business 9 Contact: Joseph Mariampillai 4.4 Company Characteristics 9 Executive Director/Co-Founder, 4.5 Employment 11 Yankin Tsp, Yangon, Myanmar.
    [Show full text]
  • Burma Project D 080901
    Burma / Myanmar Bibliographical Project Siegfried M. Schwertner Bibliographical description DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D.A. A note on Indo-Burma relations / by B. K. Dadachanji. – Beneath the Shwedagon Silchar, Assam: B. K. ; Calcutta : Manasi Pr., [1944?]. 88 p. D: HD-SAI(322 bez 95/1792)* Rangoon rhymes Keith , Alan Davidson Daehnel, Patrick Le nationalisme Naga / Patrick Daehnel ; sous la direction de D & [and] B country report : Myanmar (Burma) Jean-Luc Chambard. – 1980. – Paris 7, doct. de 3e cycle Dun and Bradstreet Corporation (ethnologie), 1980. Subject(s): Naga D.M.R . Ethnology Burma <Union > / Department of Medical Research F: Paris7-BU LSH) Myanmar <Union > / Department of Medical Research DAGA Documentation for Action Groups in Asia D.P.S. Design Printing Services Dagger division : story of the 19th Indian Division. – Bom- bay: Print. and publ. by G. S. Borker, [196-?]. 41 p., [2] DA folded p. of plates, illus., map. United States / Department of Army Subject(s): Great Britain : Army - Indian Division, 19th. Burma : World War <1939-1945> - Campaigns Da Cunha, Derek GB: BL-APAC(ORW.1987.a.1574) Renewed military buildups post-Asian crisis : the effect on US: CU(Kroch D767.6 .D12) two key Southeast Asian bilateral military balances / Derek da Cunha. − Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Dagley , David 2001. 16 p. − (ISEAS working papers : International politics Burmese invasion of Myanmar / by David Dagley. − 1995. and security issues, ISSN 0218-8953 ; 3(2001)) – December 28 l., map, bibliogr. l. 27-28. − California Polytechnic State 2001 Univ., B.A. thesis 1995. Subject(s): Burma : Military policy ; Military relations ; US: California Polytechnical State Univ, SLO, CA (CSluSP) Military relations - Thailand ; Armed Forces Ref.: OCLC 32513267 Thailand : Military relations - Burma SG: ISEAS(DS501 I59W2 no.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Armies and Ethnic Conflict in Burma Reconsidering the History of Colonial Militarization in the Kachin Region of Burma During the Second World War1
    Ethnic armies and ethnic conflict in Burma Reconsidering the history of colonial militarization in the Kachin region of Burma during the Second World War1 Mandy Sadan Abstract: This paper considers the recruitment of volunteer levies into British forces in northern Burma during the Second World War. Using data compiled by a local veterans’ association, the paper raises questions about the supposed historical continuities that are believed to exist across military forces of the pre- and post-war periods. The data indicate that prevailing assumptions about the motivations and aspirations of local recruits should be challenged more than they have been to date. The author proposes new approaches to using quantitative data to reveal broader social trends in issues of military recruit- ment that could be extended into other times and places. Such methods could be particularly helpful in facilitating deeper and more nuanced demographic and social insights into Burma’s history of internal militarized conflict and the ways in which recruitment practices relate to the communities from which recruits are drawn. Keywords: soldiers; Kachin; Second World War; Burma Author details: Dr Mandy Sadan is Lecturer in the History of South East Asia at SOAS, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. Background While many British imperial structures could be accused of fatally compromising the cohesion of the independent Burmese state, the military has attracted some of 1 I am delighted to dedicate this paper to Professor Ian Brown. He was the most supportive of PhD supervisors, and was an inspiration in the uncomplicated humanity of his approach com- bined with an uncompromising demand for intellectual rigour.
    [Show full text]
  • Institution of Kachin Du-Waship (1852-1930)
    INSTITUTION OF KACHIN DU-WASHIP (1852-1930) PhD DISSERTATION KAW NAN DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MANDALAY MYANMAR NOVEMBER 2013 INSTITUTION OF KACHIN DU-WASHIP (1852-1930) University of Mandalay INSTITUTION OF KACHIN DU-WASHIP (1852-1930) A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Mandalay In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History Department of History Kaw Nan 4 PhD- Hist-5 Mandalay, Myanmar November 2013 Abstract The objective of writing this dissertation is to present the fact that before and during the British occupation, old administrative system of Kachin Du-waship gradually waned away under the colonial administration and new set up of administrative system took place. Organizational formation of Kachin administrative pattern, different nature of judicial administration, different classification between criminal cases and civil suits are also discussed. The laws, regulations, rulings and judgments of some important orders were issued by senior Kachin elders. Before colonial administration was well set up, there appeared three Kachin administrative systems: Gumchying Gumtsa, Gumsa and Gumlau . Pros and cons of this local ruling system was the most complicated in nature. During the Colonial Period, Kachin administrative pattern was dominated by the customary law. This dissertation also examines the continuities and changes of legal administration, status of ruling class and society. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract iv List of Appendices vi List of Maps vii List of Photographs viii List of Tables ix List of Abbreviations x Glossary xv Introduction xviii Chapters 1. Kachin before the British Rule (1852-1885) 1 2. Kachin under the British Rule (1885-1930) 46 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14: Tibeto-Bvrman Languages of the Himalayas
    PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series A-86 PAPERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS NO. 14: TIBETO-BVRMAN LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAS edited by David Bradley Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bradley, D. editor. Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14:. A-86, vi + 232 (incl. 4 maps) pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-A86.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics specialises in publishing linguistic material relating to languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Linguistic and anthropological manuscripts related to other areas, and to general theoretical issues, are also considered on a case by case basis. Manuscripts are published in one of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIES B: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: M.D. Ross and D.T. Tryon (Managing Editors), T.E. Dutton, N.P. Himmelmann, A.K. Pawley EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender KA. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii Michael G. Clyne P. Miihlhausler Monash University Universityof Adelaide S.H. Elbert G.N. O'Grady University of Hawaii University of Victoria, B.C. K.J. Franklin KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W.Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W.Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Civilians in the Kachin Borderlands, Myanmar Key Threats and Local Responses
    HPG Working Paper Protecting civilians in the Kachin borderlands, Myanmar Key threats and local responses Ashley South December 2018 About the authors Ashley South is an independent author, researcher and consultant, working mostly on Myanmar/Burma and Mindanao. He is also a Research Fellow at Chiang Mai University in Thailand. Acknowledgements This research is part of a larger HPG project on 'Cross-border networks and protection in conflict: values, systems and implications’. Thanks to Sumlut Gun Maw, Gawlu La Awng and Tu Ja from the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) for authorising and helping to arrange parts of the research, and also to the KIO’s IDP and Refugee Relief Committee (IRRC). Thanks to Daw Seng Raw and members of the Joint Strategy Team (JST) for much good advice, including valuable comments on an earlier draft. Many thanks to Brian McCartan for providing a concise review of the available data and literature on displacement and protection issues in Kachin areas. Thanks for reviewing the text in various stages of readiness to Martin Smith, Carine Jaquet, Tania Cheung, Charles Petrie, Richard Horsey, Gerard McCarthy, Adrian Morrice, Nick Crawford and Sam Shugart, and also to Larissa Fast and Victoria Metcalfe-Hough from the Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Finally, thanks to Michael Wood for editing, and to Catherine Langdon and other ODI colleagues for their administrative support throughout the project. Humanitarian Policy Group Overseas Development Institute 203 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8NJ United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0) 20 7922 0300 Fax. +44 (0) 20 7922 0399 Email: [email protected] Website: www.odi.org/hpg © Overseas Development Institute, 2018 Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce materials from this publication but, as copyright holders, ODI requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication.
    [Show full text]