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Myanmar Update Myanmar Update COI Compilation November 2012 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Myanmar - Update COI Compilation November 2012 (as of 31 October 2012) This publication is an update to our previous Myanmar COI Compilation of 7 October 2011, available online at: http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/90_1318232093_accord-coi-complilation-myanmar-october-2011.pdf This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. Authors: Sebastian Schlembach, Daisuke Yoshimura © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available at www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Table of Contents List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 1 General information ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Maps ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Practices and capacity of the Myanmar authorities in keeping records of individuals who have committed criminal offences ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 The role of the media in the society in militarised areas ..................................................................... 8 1.4 Public services ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4.1 Hospitals ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.4.2 Schools and universities .............................................................................................................................. 14 1.4.3 Markets..................................................................................................................................................................17 1.5 Law enforcement agencies ...................................................................................................................................17 1.5.1 Police and military ...........................................................................................................................................17 1.5.2 Courts and tribunals ......................................................................................................................................17 1.5.3 Intelligence agencies...................................................................................................................................... 19 1.5.4 Immigration offices ......................................................................................................................................... 21 1.5.5 Border security force (Nasaka) ............................................................................................................... 21 1.6 Local administration and structure ................................................................................................................ 23 2 Political developments ............................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 The 1988 Uprising .................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 The course of the 1988 Uprising, including information on the authorities‘ reaction towards protesters ........................................................................................................................................ 24 2.1.2 Political/religious leaders involved and political/social organisations active in major towns .................................................................................................................................................................... 26 2.1.3 Celebration of the uprising’s anniversary ........................................................................................ 28 2.2 The 2007 Saffron Revolution............................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.1 The course of the 2007 Saffron Revolution, including information on the authorities’ reaction towards protest participants ................................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Political/religious leaders involved and political/social organisations active in major towns ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Celebration of the anniversary of the Saffron Revolution ..................................................... 32 2.3 Political developments since October 2011 ................................................................................................ 33 2.3.1 The National League for Democracy’s (NLD) re-registration as a political party ..... 33 2.3.2 The April 2012 parliamentary by-elections ..................................................................................... 34 2.4 Current situation in terms of democratization process, political reforms and tolerance of political dissent .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 2.5 Peace process with armed ethnic minority groups and progress towards agreements reached with exile groups .................................................................................................................................... 41 2.5.1 Peace process with armed ethnic minority groups ...................................................................... 41 2.5.2 Progress in reaching agreements with exile groups .................................................................. 44 1 2.6 Changes in administrative structures at township and village level since October 2011 and administration of designated self-administered zones .............................................................. 46 2.6.1 Changes in administrative structures at township and village level since October 2011 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 46 2.6.2 Administration of self-administered zones ....................................................................................... 46 2.7 Developments with regard to legislative reforms ................................................................................. 47 2.7.1 Unlawful Associations Act ......................................................................................................................... 47 2.7.2 Public assembly laws .................................................................................................................................... 48 2.7.3 Union laws ......................................................................................................................................................... 48 2.7.4 Land reforms .................................................................................................................................................... 49 2.8 Release of political prisoners; treatment of former political prisoners ....................................... 51 2.9 The National Human Rights Commission’s role and responsibilities ........................................... 55 2.10 Parliamentarian debate on human rights, including on sensitive issues................................... 58 3 Security and human rights situation .................................................................................................................
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