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Alasan Myanmar Menerima Diplomasi Indonesia Terkait Konflik Rohingya Periode 2015-2017
ALASAN MYANMAR MENERIMA DIPLOMASI INDONESIA TERKAIT KONFLIK ROHINGYA PERIODE 2015-2017 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.SOS) Oleh: Achmad Zulfani 11151130000048 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2019 M I II ABSTRAK III Skripsi ini menganalisis alasan dari sikap terbuka Myanmar kepada Indonesia dalam bentuk penerimaan diplomasi Indonesia terkait konflik Rohingya periode 2015-2017. Terkait dengan konflik Rohingya yang mengalami eskalasi pada 2015 Myanmar bersikap cenderung tertutup kepada dunia dengan cara salah satunya menolak bantuan dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB). Hal tersebut didasari oleh respons dunia internasional seperti PBB dan Malaysia yang merespons dengan menggunakan megaphone diplomacy dan pandangan Myanmar bahwa konflik Rohingya merupakan konflik internal sehingga tidak ada negara yang berhak untuk mencampuri urusan internal Myanmar. Indonesia juga merespons konflik Rohingya dengan menggunakan diplomasi yang inklusif dan konstruktif, yaitu non-megaphone dan diplomasi publik yang intensif pada 2015-2017 dan menjadi negara yang diizinkan oleh Myanmar untuk ikut membantu konflik Rohingya. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan deskriptif serta teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka beserta wawancara dengan pihak- pihak terkait. Untuk menganalisis, skripsi ini menggunakan kerangka teoritis konstruktivisme dan konsep diplomasi publik, kedua hal tersebut -
Utopia of Global Education
S.R.S.D. Memorial Shiksha Shodh Sansthan, Agra, India UGC Sl. No. 64416 UTOPIA OF GLOBAL EDUCATION A Peer Reviewed Refereed International Research Journal ONLINE ISSN-2454-7387 Volume IV, Issue I, June 2018 www.srsshodhsansthan.org Where do Women Stand in Assam of North East India? Examining Socio- Economic Status of Tribal and Non-Tribal Women in Assamese Societies 1 2 3 Dr. Ira Das , Dr. Gargee Sharmah , Dr. Runima Baishya 1Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Pragjyotish College, Guwahati, Assam, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of History, Pragjyotish College, Guwahati, Assam, India 3Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Pragjyotish College, Guwahati, Assam, India Abstract A detailed examination of women’s status in a specific location is necessary to have adequate and correct information for effective planning and implementation of government policies. The paper intends to examine and compare the socio-economic status of tribal and non-tribal women of different communities in Assam of North East India. It is found from the study that the status of women in Assam is somewhat better in terms of fulfilling strategic gender needs like participation in decision making process, control over own body etc.. In tribal societies, women are even in better position in terms of participation in decision making process in the society. However, the socio-economic status of women of Assam in respect of fulfilling practical gender needs like women workforce participation, health status etc. is not at all better than the all India average. The paper concludes with the view that women should be aware of their rights and responsibilities to make a change in the society as well as for upliftment of the status of women in the society. -
Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue
State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare Title and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue>State Formation in Comparative Perspectives) Author(s) Callahan, Mary P. Citation 東南アジア研究 (2002), 39(4): 513-536 Issue Date 2002-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53713 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, March 2002 State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma* Mary P. CALLAHAN** Normally, society is organized for life; the object of Leviathan was to organise it for production. J.S. Furnivall [1939: 124] Abstract This article examines the construction of the colonial security apparatus in Burma, within the broader British colonial project in eastern Asia. During the colonial period, the state in Burma was built by default, as no one in London or India ever mapped out a strategy for establishing governance in this outpost. Instead of sending in legal, commercial or police experts to establish law and order—the preconditions of the all-important commerce— Britain sent the Indian Army, which faced an intensity and landscape of guerilla resistance never anticipated. Early forays into the establishment of law and order increasingly became based on conceptions of the population as enemies to be pacified, rather than subjects to be incorporated into or even ignored by the newly defined political entity. The character of armed administration in colonial Burma had a disproportionate impact on how that popula- tion came to be regarded, treated, legalized and made into subjects of the Raj. -
Trade, Capital & Conflict
Logistical Spaces VIII Trade, Capital and Conflict: A Case Study of the Frontier Towns of Moreh-Tamu and Champhai Soma Ghosal & Snehashish Mitra 2017 Trade, Capital and Conflict: A Case Study of the Frontier Towns of Moreh-Tamu and Champhai ∗ Soma Ghosal and Snehashish Mitra The year 2017 is an eventful one in the development of Indo-Myanmar border trade. The Integrated Check Post (ICP), now under construction at Moreh gate No.1, will be operational within two months according to a statement by officials of the Land Port Authority of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and Mr. P.K Mishra, director (Projects) on their three days’ official visit to Moreh in the last week of August 2017. The ICP, observers believe, is a vital cog in India’s Look East, now Act East policy, aimed at integrating the economies of India and Southeast Asia through the northeast. In the year 2006 when the then Minister of State for Commerce, Mr. Jairam Ramesh, spoke of the Centre’s intention of investing Rs.70 crore for the project specifically as part of the Prime Minister’s Look East Policy, the only functional land customs station through which trade across the 1600 kms of Indo-Myanmar border took place was at Moreh. The ICP being built by RITES was then heralded by the Minister as a new concept aimed at managing both trade cargo and passenger movement across the border and providing modern infrastructure facilities and better connectivity. The ICP would greatly facilitate regional trade and would help the local community living in the border towns of Moreh and Tamu, he felt. -
State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma*
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, March 2002 State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma* Mary P. CALLAHAN** Normally, society is organized for life; the object of Leviathan was to organise it for production. J.S. Furnivall [1939: 124] Abstract This article examines the construction of the colonial security apparatus in Burma, within the broader British colonial project in eastern Asia. During the colonial period, the state in Burma was built by default, as no one in London or India ever mapped out a strategy for establishing governance in this outpost. Instead of sending in legal, commercial or police experts to establish law and order—the preconditions of the all-important commerce— Britain sent the Indian Army, which faced an intensity and landscape of guerilla resistance never anticipated. Early forays into the establishment of law and order increasingly became based on conceptions of the population as enemies to be pacified, rather than subjects to be incorporated into or even ignored by the newly defined political entity. The character of armed administration in colonial Burma had a disproportionate impact on how that popula- tion came to be regarded, treated, legalized and made into subjects of the Raj. Administra- tive simplifications along territorial and racial lines resulted in political, economic, and social boundaries that continue to divide the country today. Bureaucratic and security mech- anisms politicized violence along territorial and racial lines, creating “two Burmas” in the administrative and security arms of the state. Despite the “laissez-faire” proclamations of colonial state officials in Burma, this geographically and functionally limited state nonethe- less established durable administrative structures that precluded any significant integration throughout the territory for a century to come. -
Islam in Myanmar – Research Notes Imtiyaz Yusuf
82 Islam in Myanmar – Research Notes Imtiyaz Yusuf Myanmar is a non-secular Buddhist majority country. The Theravada Buddhists and Christians are the two main religious communities groups in Myanmar with the Muslims being the third, enumerated population of Burma tells that, Buddhists make up 89.8 percent of the population, Christians 6.3 percent and Muslims 2.3 percent. The Burmese Muslim community is largely a community of traders and ulama who are economically well but with poor levels of human resources development in the professional fields of education, science, engineering, medicine, technology and business management. Yet, there are several prominent law specialists among them. As a hard and a difficult country, Myanmar was born out of the ashes of the murder of its integrationist freedom fighter leader General Aung San, the father of Aung San Suu Kyi, he was assassinated on 19 July 1947 a few months before the independence of Burma on 4 January 1948. His legacy of seeking integration and the legacy of violence associated with his murder alludes Myanmar until today. In its 69 years of existence, Myanmar is dominated politically by the Bamar Buddhist majority which espouses a Bamar racist interpretation of Buddhism. The Bamar and other 135 distinct ethnic groups are officially grouped into following eight “major national ethnic races” viz., Bamar; Chin; Kachin; Kayin; Kayah; Mon; Rakhine and Shan who are recognized the original natives of the country of Myanmar. Others are classified as outsiders or illegal immigrants as in the case of the Rohingya Muslims. The Muslims in Myanmar are divided into 4 groups: 1) The India Muslims known as Chulias, Kaka and Pathans were brought by the British colonizers to administer the colony. -
CDC) Dataset Codebook
The Categorically Disaggregated Conflict (CDC) Dataset Codebook (Version 1.0, 2015.07) (Presented in Bartusevičius, Henrikas (2015) Introducing the Categorically Disaggregated Conflict (CDC) dataset. Forthcoming in Conflict Management and Peace Science) The Categorically Disaggregated Conflict (CDC) Dataset provides a categorization of 331 intrastate armed conflicts recorded between 1946 and 2010 into four categories: 1. Ethnic governmental; 2. Ethnic territorial; 3. Non-ethnic governmental; 4. Non-ethnic territorial. The dataset uses the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset v.4-2011, 1946 – 2010 (Themnér & Wallensteen, 2011; also Gleditsch et al., 2002) as a base (and thus is an extension of the UCDP/PRIO dataset). Therefore, the dataset employs the UCDP/PRIO’s operational definition of an aggregate armed conflict: a contested incompatibility that concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths (Themnér, 2011: 1). The dataset contains only internal and internationalized internal armed conflicts listed in the UCDP/PRIO dataset. Internal armed conflict ‘occurs between the government of a state and one or more internal opposition group(s) without intervention from other states’ (ibid.: 9). Internationalized internal armed conflict ‘occurs between the government of a state and one or more internal opposition group(s) with intervention from other states (secondary parties) on one or both sides’(ibid.). For full definitions and further details please consult the 1 codebook of the UCDP/PRIO dataset (ibid.) and the website of the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University: http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/definitions/. -
Part I (Common Syllabus) General and NCC Scheme
Part I (Common Syllabus) General and NCC Scheme Section – 1 Ques 1- What is NCC Motto? Ans - Unity & Discipline. Ques 2 – What are the aims of NCC? Ans - (a) To develop character, comradeship, discipline, leadership, secular outlook, spirit of adventure, sportsmanship and ideals of selfless service among the youth of the country. (b) To create a human resource of organized, trained and motivated youth, to provide leadership in all walks of life and always be available for the service of the nation. (c) To provide a suitable environment to motivate the youth to take up a career in the Armed Forces. Section – 2 Ques 1 – What is the rank of DG NCC? Ans – Lt General. Ques 2 – What is the rank of Dy Director General of NCC Directorate? Ans - Brigadier. Ques 3 – How many Directorates are there in NCC? Ans - 17. Ques – 4 - What are the ranks of SD/SW ANOs? Ans – Lt, Capt & Maj. Ques – 5 - What are the ranks of JD/JW ANOs? Ans - 3rd Officer, 2nd Officer, First Officer and Chief Officer. Section – 3 Ques 1. Name various camps conducted in NCC? Ans - Basically there are two types of camps as under : - (a) Annual Training camps (b) Centrally organised camps, which are a under: - (i) Leadership camps – Advance & Basic leadership camps (ii) Thal Sainik camps (iii) Vayu Sainik Camps. (iv) Rock climbing camps. (v) National integration camps. (vi) Republic day camp and Prime Minister‟s rally. Ques 2 - Name the social service and community development activities? Ans – These are as under: - (a) Tree Plantation. (b) Blood Donation. -
Rohmingmawii Front Final
ISSN : 0976 0202 HISTORICAL JOURNAL MIZORAM (A UGC Notified Journal) Vol. XVIII Revisiting Mizo Heroes Mizo History Association September 2017 The main objective of this journal is to function as a mode of information and guidance for the scholars, researchers and historians and to provide a medium of exchange of ideas in Mizo history. © Mizo History Association, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. ISSN : 0976 0202 Editor Rohmingmawii The views and interpretations expressed in the Journal are those of the individual author(s)’ and do not necessearily represent the views of the Editor or Mizo History Association. Price : Rs. 150/- Mizo History Association, Aizawl, Mizoram www. mizohistory.org Printed at the Samaritan Printer Mendus Building, Mission Veng, Aizawl ISSN : 0976 0202 HISTORICAL JOURNAL MIZORAM Vol. XVII (A UGC Recognised Journal) September 2017 Editor Rohmingmawii Assistant Professor Department of History Pachhunga University College, Aizawl MIZO HISTORY ASSOCIATION: AIZAWL Office Bearers of Mizoram History Association (2015 – 2017) President : Prof. Sangkima, Ex-Principal, Govt. Aizawl College Vice President : Prof. JV Hluna, Pachhunga University College Secretary : Dr. Benjamin Ralte, Govt. T Romana College Joint Secretary : Dr. Malsawmliana, Govt. T Romana College Treasurer : Mrs. Judy Lalremruati, Govt. Hrangbana College Executive Committee Members: Prof. O. Rosanga, Mizoram University Mr. Ngurthankima Sailo, Govt. Hrangbana College Prof. C. Lalthlengliana, Govt. Aizawl West College Dr. Samuel VL Thlanga, Govt. Aizawl West College Mr. Robert Laltinchhawna, Govt. -
Statelessness in Myanmar
Statelessness in Myanmar Country Position Paper May 2019 Country Position Paper: Statelessness in Myanmar CONTENTS Summary of main issues ..................................................................................................................... 3 Relevant population data ................................................................................................................... 4 Rohingya population data .................................................................................................................. 4 Myanmar’s Citizenship law ................................................................................................................. 5 Racial Discrimination ............................................................................................................................... 6 Arbitrary deprivation of nationality ....................................................................................................... 7 The revocation of citizenship.................................................................................................................. 7 Failure to prevent childhood statelessness.......................................................................................... 7 Lack of naturalisation provisions ........................................................................................................... 8 Civil registration and documentation practices .............................................................................. 8 Lack of Access and Barriers -
10. the Muslims of Burma by Moshe Yegar
I ■เพ■■เ s CHR] F TEN RE f H E DES 'SODASXEN-INSTI ■ DER. 0NIVER^lSA<r HEIDELBERG f'iv' . I . ! • ’-■ ■ IIII HI ■ - 1 i M d S b l'E YEGAR If i A Study of a Minority Grouo SCHRIFTENREIHE DES St)DASIEN-INSTITUTS DER UNIVERSITAT HEIDELBERG Herausgegeben vom Siidasien-Institut der บทiversitat Heidelberg MOSHE YEGAR The Muslims of Burma A Study of a Minority Group 1972 OTTO HARRASSOWITZ - WIESBADEN THE MUSLIMS OF BURMA A Study of a Minority Group by MOSHE YEGAR 1972 OTTO HARR AS SO WITZ - WIESBADEN © Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1972 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Photographische und photomechanische Wiedergaben nur mit ausdriicklicher Genehmigung des Verlages Gesamtherstellung: Hessische Druckerei GmbH, Darmstadt Printed in Germany ISB N 3 447 01357 5 To Edna CONTENTS A bbreviations......................................................................................................................VIII In tro d u c tio n ...................................................................................................................... Acknowledgm ents............................................................................................................. ^ I. Muslims in Burma in the Days of the Kings The Beginnings of Muslim Settlement in the Irrawaddy V a lle y .......................1 Muslim Settlement in A r a k a n ..................................................................................... Why Burma Did Not Become Muslim ................................................................... II. Muslims in Burma During British Rule -
3 Sides to Every Story
33 SSIDES TO EEVERY SSTORY A PROFILE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE REFUGEE CAMPS ON THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM JULY 2010 Note on the Title: The “three sides” refers to the three self-identified sectors of Muslim communities in the camps, defined by the reasons for their presence in the camps (see “Muslim Lifestyle Practices and Preferences/ Socio-Cultural/ Self-identity”). Cover design: http://library.wustl.edu/subjects/islamic/MihrabIsfahan.jpg 2 33 SSIDES TO EEVERY SSTORY A PROFILE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE REFUGEE CAMPS ON THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM JULY 2010 3 CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……….......………………………………………………….……………………………. 7 SUMMARY OF STATISTICS BY RELIGION/CAMP ……………………………………………………………....... 9 PREFACE ……….......………………………………………………….……………………………………… 13 BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION OF ISLAM TO BURMA ………………………………………………………………………...... 15 DISPLACEMENT OF BURMESE MUSLIM COMMUNITIES INTO THAILAND ……..……………………………………… 15 Border-wide Camp-Specific Other Influxes CURRENT SITUATION PREVALENCE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN AND AROUND THE REFUGEE CAMPS ……..……………………. 19 Muslim Communities in Camps Muslim Communities Around the Camps Impacts on Camp Security LIFESTYLE PRACTICES AND PREFERENCES: SOCIO-CULTURAL: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 o The “Three Sides” o Religion and Faith o Gender Roles o Romance, Marriage and Divorce o Social Inclusion FOOD AND SHELTER: ………….…...………………..…………………………….…………………….. 29 o Ration Collection/ Consumption o Ration/ Diet Supplementation