Establishing a Regional Planning Framework for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV)

Joseph M. Bovenzi, AICP GTC Planning Committee – Rochester, New York April 12, 2018

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Key Takeaways:  Terms and Definitions

 Understanding differences in terminology: “connected” vs. “autonomous” vs. “automated”  Regional Planning

 Understand issues, concerns, and ongoing activities at the regional (i.e., MPO) scale to account for advanced transportation technologies  Municipal Planning

 Understand what municipal governments can begin doing to capture the benefits of these technologies for their communities

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Definitions  Connected Vehicles

 Wireless Communications – Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) – Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) – Vehicle to “Everything” (V2X)  Automated Vehicles

 No driver input

 Differing levels of automation  Autonomous Vehicles

 “Self-Driving”

 No external connections

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Definitions  Connected Vehicles

 Wireless Communications – Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) – Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) – Vehicle to “Everything” (V2X)  Automated Vehicles

 No driver input

 Differing levels of automation  Autonomous Vehicles

 “Self-Driving”

 No external connections

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Definitions  Connected Vehicles

 Wireless Communications – Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) – Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) – Vehicle to “Everything” (V2X)  Automated Vehicles

 No driver input

 Differing levels of automation  Autonomous Vehicles

 “Self-Driving”

 No external connections

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Levels of Automation

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Future of Transportation – Autonomous?

Source: Google

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Planning for Connected and Automated Vehicles  Autonomous Vehicle “Environment”

 Vehicles operate on existing infrastructure

 No two-way communications

 Asset maintenance is critical – Signage, striping, lighting, etc.

 Data – Privately held?

 Must still consider – Safety improvements – Changing travel patterns Source: University of Texas at Austin – Changing access and mobility

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Future of Transportation – Connected?

Source: USDOT

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Planning for Connected and Automated Vehicles  Connected Vehicle “Environment”

 Integrated Two-Way Communications – Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) – Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) – Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)

 Infrastructure Retrofits

 Safety

 Mobility and Accessibility

 Data – Publically available?

 Cybersecurity

 Greatest Benefits (in theory…) Source: USDOT

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Timing  Dependent on:

 Technology

 Driver acceptance  Long Range Planning Horizons

 20 year minimum forecast period

 Automation levels

 Travel Demand Source: USDOT Modeling  Uncertainty

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo History  1980s/90s

 Parallel research trends Source: Carnegie Mellon – Autonomous vehicles – Connected highways

 Bundeswehr University – Prototype autonomous vehicles Source: E. Dickmanns  Carnegie Mellon University – NavLab vehicles

 Demo ’97 – Connected highways/vehicles – Demonstrated range of applications

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo History  2000s

 Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency (DARPA) Source: DARPA “Grand Challenges”

 2004 – 15 vehicles competed on a 150-mile desert course; none finished

Source: Stanford University  2005 – 23 vehicles competed on the desert course; five finished

 2007 – Urban Challenge – 11 teams competed on a 60-mile urban course; six finished Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo History  2010s

 Commercialization

 Traditional auto makers, tech companies, and Source: Waymo transportation network companies – General Motors – Cruise – Ford – Argo – Google Self-Driving Car Project – Waymo – Tesla – Autopilot – Uber & Lyft Source: Uber

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo History  2010s

 Commercialization

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo History  2010s

 Commercialization

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo History  2010s

 Commercialization

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Some Current Examples  University of Michigan

 Driverless Shuttles Source: U. Michigan

 Deployed Fall 2017  Colorado DOT

 Summer 2017 – deployed Autonomous Impact Protection Vehicle Source: Colorado DOT  Domino’s Autonomous Pizza Delivery Car

 Partnership with Ford

 Experimenting with customer interaction Source: Ford

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Regional Planning Framework – MPO Perspective

1. Long Range Transportation Plans 1.A. Infrastructure 1.B. Services

2. Congestion Management Process 3. Goods Movement 4. Travel Demand Modeling 5. Transportation Source: SWRI Improvement Program

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Long Range Plans – Infrastructure

 Define and Articulate:  Community development goals  Transportation system management and operations goals  Operations  Traffic management and communications networks  Adaptive reuse  Infrastructure  Signage, striping, lighting, etc.

 Preservation and maintenance Source: USDOT

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Long Range Plans – Infrastructure

 “Infostructure”  Digital (Transportation) Infrastructure  Complete Streets & Universal Design Policies  Review and update to include CAV  Parking  Parking location and supply  Applicable Federal Regulations  Regional ITS Architecture (RITSA)

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Long Range Plans – Infrastructure

 Parking  CAV technology may “Decouple” land use from parking  Open up more land for redevelopment  Prioritize mobility and access over parking supply

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Long Range Plans – Services Source: USDOT

 Agency Awareness  Technical Training  Peer-to-Peer Roundtables  Mobility-as-a-Service  Ensuring Options vs. “One-Size-fits-All” Approach  Availability  Equitable access to ride-sharing services  “Last Mile” Applications  Navigation and Wayfinding

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Long Range Plans – Services

 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)  VMT Increase or Decrease?  VMT Decrease  Growth in ride-sharing  Decline in personal auto ownership  VMT Increase  Decreased Travel Costs  Increased Travel Flexibility  Increased Demand for Services  Population Growth

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Long Range Plans – Services

 Changing Access to Automobiles  Transportation-/Mobility-as-a-Service (T/MaaS)

― Vehicle Access – Ownership vs. Service Models  Transportation Network Companies (TNC)

― Entity licensed to operate in NYS that exclusively uses a digital platform to connect passengers to drivers for prearranged trips  Early evidence indicates that TNCs increase VMT

― “Fare Choices” Report by the Boston Metropolitan Area Planning Council

― Survey found that ride-hailing increases auto trips

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Congestion Management Process (CMP)

 Identify and Monitor Congested Locations  Data Generation and Management  Travel Demand Model

 Travel Time  Predictability  Reliability

 Shift Travel Patterns and Times  Maximize Road Usage

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Goods Movement

 Decentralized Distribution Networks  Delivery Infrastructure

 Impacts on land use, Source: Nuro zoning, facility design, etc.  Flexibility  Truck Platooning  Enhanced Just-in-Time Delivery  Autonomous Delivery

 Roaming Stores Source: Peloton Technology

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Travel Demand Modeling

 Integrate CAV in Travel Demand Models  Puget Sound Regional Council – Increased Capacity – Increased Capacity and Value of Time Changes – Increased Capacity, Value of Time Changes, and Reduced Parking Costs – Per-mile Auto Costs Increased  Model Calibration and Validation  Planning Coordination

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo Transportation Improvement Program

 Review and Revise Project Selection Criteria  Link with Long Range Transportation Plan policies  Coordinate with community development goals  Technology integration vs. stand-alone deployments  Maximize investments – “Future-proof” infrastructure assets

Source: USDOT

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo The Big Question

 How do we ensure that CAV technologies support community development goals?  Safety  Mobility  Accessibility  Reliability  Efficiency  Goods Movement  Emergency Management

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo The Big Question

 How do we ensure that CAV technologies support community development goals?  Safety  Land Use  Mobility  Urban and Street Design  Accessibility  Housing  Reliability  Social Equity  Efficiency  Aging/Disability Services  Goods  Air Quality Movement  Information Technology  Emergency  Workforce Development Management

www.gtcmpo.org  50 West Main Street-Suite 8112, Rochester NY 14614  @gtcmpo GENESEE TRANSPORTATION COUNCIL 50 West Main Street-Suite 8112 Rochester, NY 14614 www.gtcmpo.org @gtcmpo

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