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On-Site Automated Driver Assistance System Crash Investigation of the 2015 Tesla Model S 70D

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On-Site Automated Driver Assistance System Crash Investigation of the 2015 Tesla Model S 70D DOT HS 812 481 January 2018 Special Crash Investigations: On-Site Automated Driver Assistance System Crash Investigation of the 2015 Tesla Model S 70D 1 DISCLAIMER This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no responsibility for the contents or use thereof. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The crash investigation process is an inexact science which requires that physical evidence such as skid marks, vehicular damage measurements, and occupant contact points are coupled with the investigator's expert knowledge and experience of vehicle dynamics and occupant kinematics in order to determine the pre-crash, crash, and post-crash movements of involved vehicles and occupants. Because each crash is a unique sequence of events, generalized conclusions cannot be made concerning the crashworthiness performance of the involved vehicles or their safety systems. This report and associated case data are based on information available to the Special Crash Investigation team on the date this report was written and submitted. Suggested APA Format Citation: Crash Research & Analysis, Inc. (2018, January). Special crash investigations: On-site automated driver assistance system crash investigation of the 2015 Tesla model S 70D (Report No. DOT HS 812 481). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. ii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 812 481 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date: Special Crash Investigations: On-Site Automated Driver January 2018 Assistance System Crash of the 2015 Tesla Model S 70D 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. Crash Research & Analysis, Inc. Case No. CR16016 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Crash Research & Analysis, Inc. P.O. Box 302 11. Contract or Grant No. Elma, NY 14059 DTNH22-12-C-00269 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Technical Report Administration Crash Date: May 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE 2016 Washington, D.C. 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Note An investigation of the fatality of a 40-year-old male driver of a 2015 Tesla Model S 70D. 16. Abstract This on-site investigation concerned the fatal underride crash of a 2015 Tesla Model S 70D sedan with the right plane of a 2003 Utility Trailers Incorporated (UTI) semi-trailer that was pulled by a 2014 Freightliner Cascadia conventional truck tractor. The 40-year-old belted male driver of the Tesla sustained fatal injuries and was pronounced deceased at the crash site. At the time of the crash, the driver was operating the Tesla with an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) enabled. The crash occurred when the Freightliner turned left across the travel path of the Tesla, and the Tesla underrode the mid-aspect of the semi-trailer. After traveling completely under the semi-trailer, the Tesla departed the roadway and impacted other objects before coming to final rest. The air bags in the Tesla deployed during the crash sequence. The Tesla’s ADAS technologies were provided as supplemental emergency collision warning, mitigation, and avoidance aides. Their use still required the full and continual attention of the driver to monitor the traffic environment, maintain ultimate control of the vehicle, and remain prepared to take evasive action. The ADAS technologies were not capable of performing in every collision situation, and their limitations made it difficult for the system to recognize this specific crash due to the cross- path configuration of the involved vehicles’ trajectories and the overall physical characteristics of the intersection/roadway. The Tesla’s ADAS technologies were functional at the time of the crash, and although they did not respond to an impending crash event, the SCI investigator was unable to identify any performance anomalies. It was also determined that the Tesla’s driver would have had a clear and unobstructed view of both the intersection and turning tractor-trailer but made no attempt to avoid the crash, despite sufficient time to do so. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Crash Avoidance, Advanced Driver Assistance This document is available to the System, Traffic Aware Cruise Control, Fatality public through the National Technical Information Service, www.ntis.gov. 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 39 i TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................1 SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................2 Crash Site .....................................................................................................................................2 Pre-Crash......................................................................................................................................4 Crash ............................................................................................................................................6 Post-Crash ....................................................................................................................................8 2015 TESLA MODEL S 70D ..........................................................................................................8 Description ...................................................................................................................................8 Exterior Damage ........................................................................................................................10 Event Data Recorder ..................................................................................................................11 Interior Damage .........................................................................................................................13 Manual Restraint Systems ..........................................................................................................13 Supplemental Restraint Systems ................................................................................................14 Lithium-Ion Battery ...................................................................................................................16 Pre-Crash Condition...............................................................................................................16 Crash-Related Damage and Post-Crash Condition ................................................................17 NHTSA Recalls and Investigations ...........................................................................................17 Electronic Equipment Found In the Tesla..................................................................................17 Crash Site Visibility Study .........................................................................................................19 Crash Avoidance Systems and Advanced Driver Assistance System Discussion .....................21 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................25 2015 TESLA MODEL S 70D OCCUPANT DATA .....................................................................26 Driver Demographics .................................................................................................................26 Driver Injuries ............................................................................................................................26 Driver Kinematics ......................................................................................................................27 2014 FREIGHTLINER CASCADIA/2003 UTILITY TRAILERS INC. SEMI-TRAILER .........28 Description .................................................................................................................................28 Exterior Damage ........................................................................................................................29 Occupant Data ............................................................................................................................30 PRIMARY IMPACT CRASH DIAGRAM ...................................................................................31 SECONDARY IMPACTS CRASH DIAGRAM ..........................................................................32 ATTACHMENT A: Truck Tractor Speed Reconstruction............................................................A ii SPECIAL CRASH INVESTIGATIONS CASE NO: CR16016 ON-SITE AUTOMATED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM CRASH INVESTIGATION VEHICLE: 2015 TESLA MODEL S 70D LOCATION: FLORIDA CRASH DATE: MAY 2016 BACKGROUND This on-site investigation concerned the fatal underride crash of a 2015 Tesla Model S 70D sedan (Figure 1) with the right plane of a 2003 Utility Trailers Inc. (UTI) semi-trailer that was pulled by a 2014 Freightliner Cascadia conventional truck tractor. The 40-year-old belted male driver of the Tesla sustained fatal injuries and was pronounced deceased at the crash site. At the time of
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