Interactive Three Dimensional Computer Graphics Simulation of the Kinematics of the Human Thumb (Biomechanics, Functional Anatomy, Skeletal Kinematics)
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1984 Interactive Three Dimensional Computer Graphics Simulation of the Kinematics of the Human Thumb (Biomechanics, Functional Anatomy, Skeletal Kinematics). William Leslie Buford Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Buford, William Leslie Jr, "Interactive Three Dimensional Computer Graphics Simulation of the Kinematics of the Human Thumb (Biomechanics, Functional Anatomy, Skeletal Kinematics)." (1984). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4009. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4009 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. 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These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been film ed. University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8515133 Buford, William Leslie, Jr. INTERACTIVE THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS SIMULATION OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE HUMAN THUMB The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col.Ph.D. 1984 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1985 by Buford, William Leslie, Jr. All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages ______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print _______ 3. Photographs with dark background _____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy _______ 5. 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Other ______ ______________ ________ University Microfilms International INTERACTIVE THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS SIMULATION OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE HUMAN THUMB A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science by William Leslie Buford, Jr. B.S., United States Air Force Academy, 1968 M.S., California State University Sacramento, 1976 December 1984 © 1985 WILLIAM LESLIE BUFORD, JR. All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my heartfelt thanks to Professor David E. Thompson, whose ideas and guidance as advisor, committee chairman, and mentor have provided invaluable counsel and motivation throughout this research endeavor. The professional and educational environment provided by Professor Thompson's collaborations with Dr. Paul W. Brand must be recognized because without it, and without the approval and encouragement of Dr. Brand, I would not have been able to accomplish this work. I am also very thankful to the other members of Dr. Brand and Dr. Thompson's research team for their help and encouragement in this project. I extend my gratitude to all the members of the Rehabilitation Research Department of the National Hansen's Disease Center, and to all the members of the Computer Graphics Research and Applications Laboratory of LSU for their continuous support and assistance. Without the love, support, and patience of my wife and daughters, I would not be writing these words today. I am most grateful to Elaine, Alice, Valerie, and Carlie for showing me the way. This research was supported by the U. S. Public Health Service under contract number 240-83-0060, By Digital Equipment Corporation's external research program, and by Evans and Sutherland's university gift program. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................... ii LIST OF T A B L E S ......................................... v LIST OF F I G U R E S ...................................... vi ABSTRACT ................................................ ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND 6 2.1 ANATOMY .................................................... 6 2.2 BIOMECHANICS REVIEW ..................................... 17 2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................... 23 2.3.1 Basic A n a t o m y .............................................23 2.3.2 Quantitative Clinical And Surgical Evaluation . 27 2.3.3 Stress Analysis .......................................... 37 2.3.4 Dynamic Analysis ....................................... 45 2.3.5 Models And S i m u l a t i o n s .................................. 60 2.4 EVALUATION OF CMC JOINT MODEL PARAMETERS ............ 67 2.5 DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM 7 3 2.6 SOFTWARE S Y S T E M .............................................75 CHAPTER 3 THUMB SIMULATION 79 3.1 BASIC DATA STRUCTURE ........................................81 3.2 THUMB DATA STRUCTURE PROGRAMMING ..................... 90 3.2.1 B-Spline Data S t r u c t u r e ................................96 3.2.2 Skeletal Arrangement .................................. 100 3.3 FUNCTION NETWORKS ....................................... 102 3.4 INTERACTIVE PROGRAMMING ............................... 119 3.5 INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH DATA ..............................124 3.6 EXAMPLE SIMULATION SESSION ............................. 127 CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 139 4.1 INTERACTIVE DEVICES ..................................... 140 4.2 TENDON DEFORMATIONS .................................... 144 4.3 DATA S T R U C T U R E .............................................. 150 4.4 OTHER A R E A S ................................................ 152 i i i BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 155 APPENDIX A HAND DISPLAY DATA STRUCTURE NODES . ..164 APPENDIX B HAND DISPLAY AND CONTROL FUNCTION NETWORK 169 APPENDIX C SELECT PROGRAM LISTINGS .................... 173 APPENDIX D - PS300 COMMAND AND FUNCTION SUMMARY . .214 APPENDIX E SIMULATION VIDEOTAPE .......................... 227 VITA .......................................................... 228 i v LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Hand Muscles and their Functions ..................... 8 2. Thumb Fiber Lengths and Tension Fractions.... 12 3. Skeletal Translations .............................. 103 4. Thumb Muscle Pulley and Insertion Coordinates . 126 v LIST OF FIGURES Origins and Insertions of the Muscles of the Hand 9 Left Thumb and Axes of Motion 11 Orientation of the Flexion-Extension and Abduction-Adduction directions with respect to the CMC joint model cone of motion 14 Geometry of the Optimized CMC Joint Model 68 Comparison of Model Generated and Experimental Moment Arms 70 Evaluation of CMC Joint Model parameters 71 Simulation Development System 74 PS300 Distributed Graphics System 76 Software Development Environment 77 Complete Simulation Diagram 80 Photograph of Radiograph Fixture With Thumb skeletal specimen in place 84 Radiograph Fixture form X-ray Source Vantage Point 86 X-ray