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The PARI Journal Vol. XIV, No. 2
ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Volume XIV, No. 2, Fall 2013 Mesoamerican Lexical Calques in Ancient Maya Writing and Imagery In This Issue: CHRISTOPHE HELMKE University of Copenhagen Mesoamerican Lexical Calques Introduction ancient cultural interactions which might otherwise go undetected. in Ancient Maya The process of calquing is a fascinating What follows is a preliminary treat- Writing and Imagery aspect of linguistics since it attests to ment of a small sample of Mesoamerican contacts between differing languages by lexical calques as attested in the glyphic and manifests itself in a variety of guises. Christophe Helmke corpus of the ancient Maya. The present Calquing involves loaning or transferring PAGES 1-15 treatment is not intended to be exhaus- items of vocabulary and even phonetic tive; instead it provides an insight into • and syntactic traits from one language 1 the types, antiquity, and longevity of to another. Here I would like to explore The Further Mesoamerican calques in the hopes that lexical calques, which is to say the loaning Adventures of Merle this foray may stimulate additional and of vocabulary items, not as loanwords, (continued) more in-depth treatment in the future. but by means of translating their mean- by ing from one language to another. In this Merle Greene sense calques can be thought of as “loan Calques in Mesoamerica Robertson translations,” in which only the semantic Lexical calques have occupied a privileged PAGES 16-20 dimension is borrowed. Calques, unlike place in the definition of Mesoamerica as a loanwords, are not liable to direct phono- linguistic area (Campbell et al. -
Sinitic Language and Script in East Asia: Past and Present
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 264 December, 2016 Sinitic Language and Script in East Asia: Past and Present edited by Victor H. Mair Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
An Introduction, Phonological, Morphological, Syntactic to The
AN INTRODUCTION, PHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, SYNTACTIC, TO THE GOTHIC OF ULFILAS. BY T. LE MARCHANT DOUSE. LONDON: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1886, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, BED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. THIS book was originally designed to accompany an edition of Ulfilas for which I was collecting materials some eight or nine years ago, but which various con- siderations led me to lay aside. As, however, it had long seemed to me equally strange and deplorable that not a single work adapted to aid a student in acquiring a knowledge of Gothic was to be found in the English book-market, I pro- ceeded to give most of the time at my disposal to the " building up of this Introduction," on a somewhat larger scale than was at first intended, in the hope of being able to promote the study of a dialect which, apart from its native force and beauty, has special claims on the attention of more than one important class of students. By the student of linguistic science, indeed, these claims are at once admitted ; for the Gothic is one of the pillars on which rests the comparative grammar of the older both Indo-European languages in general, and also, pre-eminently, of the Teutonic cluster of dialects in particular. a But good knowledge of Gothic is scarcely less valuable to the student of the English language, at rate, of the Ancient or any English Anglo-Saxon ; upon the phonology of which, and indeed the whole grammar, the Gothic sheds a flood of light that is not to be got from any other source. -
The Truth About Greek Occupied Macedonia
TheTruth about Greek Occupied Macedonia By Hristo Andonovski & Risto Stefov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Truth about Greek Occupied Macedonia Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2017 by Hristo Andonovski & Risto Stefov e-book edition January 7, 2017 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface................................................................................................6 CHAPTER ONE – Struggle for our own School and Church .......8 1. Macedonian texts written with Greek letters .................................9 2. Educators and renaissance men from Southern Macedonia.........15 3. Kukush – Flag bearer of the educational struggle........................21 4. The movement in Meglen Region................................................33 5. Cultural enlightenment movement in Western Macedonia..........38 6. Macedonian and Bulgarian interests collide ................................41 CHAPTER TWO - Armed National Resistance ..........................47 1. The Negush Uprising ...................................................................47 2. Temporary Macedonian government ...........................................49 -
Mesoamerican Lexical Calques in Ancient Maya Writing and Imagery
ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Volume XIV, No. 2, Fall 2013 Mesoamerican Lexical Calques in Ancient Maya Writing and Imagery In This Issue: CHRISTOPHE HELMKE University of Copenhagen Mesoamerican Lexical Calques Introduction ancient cultural interactions which might otherwise go undetected. in Ancient Maya The process of calquing is a fascinating What follows is a preliminary treat- Writing and Imagery aspect of linguistics since it attests to ment of a small sample of Mesoamerican contacts between differing languages by lexical calques as attested in the glyphic and manifests itself in a variety of guises. Christophe Helmke corpus of the ancient Maya. The present Calquing involves loaning or transferring PAGES 1-15 treatment is not intended to be exhaus- items of vocabulary and even phonetic tive; instead it provides an insight into • and syntactic traits from one language 1 the types, antiquity, and longevity of to another. Here I would like to explore The Further Mesoamerican calques in the hopes that lexical calques, which is to say the loaning Adventures of Merle this foray may stimulate additional and of vocabulary items, not as loanwords, (continued) more in-depth treatment in the future. but by means of translating their mean- by ing from one language to another. In this Merle Greene sense calques can be thought of as “loan Calques in Mesoamerica Robertson translations,” in which only the semantic Lexical calques have occupied a privileged PAGES 16-20 dimension is borrowed. Calques, unlike place in the definition of Mesoamerica as a loanwords, are not liable to direct phono- linguistic area (Campbell et al. -
Neubauerova Marketa BP2015.Pdf
Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Bakalářská práce 2015 Markéta Neubauerová Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Bakalářská práce Translation of Texts Dealing With Cultural Studies with a Commentary and a Glossary Markéta Neubauerová Plzeň 2015 Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Katedra anglického jazyka a literatury Studijní program Filologie Studijní obor Cizí jazyky pro komerční praxi Kombinace angličtina – němčina Bakalářská práce Translation of Texts Dealing With Cultural Studies with a Commentary and a Glossary Markéta Neubauerová Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Alice Tihelková, Ph.D. Katedra anglického jazyka a literatury Fakulta filozofická Západočeské univerzity v Plzni Plzeň 2015 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci zpracoval(a) samostatně a použil(a) jen uvedených pramenů a literatury. Plzeň, duben 2015 ……………………… Tímto bych chtěla poděkovat vedoucí své bakalářské práce, PhDr. Alici Tihelkové, Ph.D., za pomoc, rady a veškerý čas, který mi věnovala. Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 2 THEORETICAL PART ............................................................................. 2 2.1 Translation ......................................................................................... 2 2.2 Functional styles of language ............................................................ 6 2.2.1 Publicistic style ............................................................................... 7 3 TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH TEXT -
The Origin and Spread of Locative Determiner Omission in the Balkan Linguistic Area
The Origin and Spread of Locative Determiner Omission in the Balkan Linguistic Area by Eric Heath Prendergast A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Line Mikkelsen, Chair Professor Lev Michael Professor Ronelle Alexander Spring 2017 The Origin and Spread of Locative Determiner Omission in the Balkan Linguistic Area Copyright 2017 by Eric Heath Prendergast 1 Abstract The Origin and Spread of Locative Determiner Omission in the Balkan Linguistic Area by Eric Heath Prendergast Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Line Mikkelsen, Chair This dissertation analyzes an unusual grammatical pattern that I call locative determiner omission, which is found in several languages belonging to the Slavic, Romance, and Albanian families, but which does not appear to have been directly inherited from any individual genetic ancestor of these languages. Locative determiner omission involves the omission of a definite article in the context of a locative prepositional phrase, and stands out as a feature of the Balkan linguistic area for which there are few, if any crosslinguistic parallels. This investigation of the origin and diachronic spread of locative determiner omission serves the particular goal of revealing how the social context of language contact could have resulted in a pattern of grammatical borrowing without lexical borrowing, yielding a present distribution in which locative determiner omission appears in several Balkan languages no longer in direct contact with one another. A detailed structural and historical analysis of locative determiner omission in Albanian, Romanian, Aromanian, and Macedonian is used as a basis for comparison with other Balkan languages. -
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY of EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature Chinese Loans in English Bachelor thesis Brno 2012 Author: Helena Juřicová Supervisor: Mgr. Radek Vogel, Ph.D. Declaration I proclaim that this bachelor thesis was done by my own and I used only the materials that are stated in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in Masaryk University Brno in the library of the Department of English Language and Literature and with the access for studying purposes. In Brno Helena Juřicová ………………………………… Prohlášení „Prohlašuji, že jsem závěrečnou bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, s využitím pouze citovaných literárních pramenů, dalších informací a zdrojů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů.“ V Brně dne Helena Juřicová …………………………………….. Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor Mgr. Radek Vogel, Ph.D., for his valuable advice, time and encouragement that he provided me with during work on this thesis. I would also like to express great thanks to my husband and children for their loving support and help during my studies. Helena Juřicová Abstract This bachelor thesis aims to examine words in English originated in Chinese. Firstly, the theoretical part deals with the process of borrowing in general, introduces terminology and terms. Both languages, English and Chinese, are described on the levels of typology, lexis and other characteristic relating to borrowing. Secondly, the practical part analyzes loanwords assorted from two test corpora: Oxford English Dictionary Online and The Economist. -
English Loanwords in the Chinese Lexicon
ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN THE CHINESE LEXICON Aantal woorden: 30.900 Ruth Vervaet Studentennummer: 01203789 Promotor: Prof. dr. Christoph Anderl Masterproef voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad master in de richting Oosterse Talen en Culturen: China Academiejaar: 2016 - 2017 Foreword My personal interest in language and linguistic exchanges formed the starting point for this thesis. It has always fascinated me how vocabulary flows from one language to another and how this process takes place. That is why I chose to investigate the presence of English loanwords in the contemporary Chinese lexicon as subject for my master thesis in Oriental Languages and Cultures at Ghent University. I tried to investigate the historical and social background of English loanwords, but the main focus is on the several borrowing methods that are used for the translation of English terms into Chinese. This thesis was written under the guidance of Professor Doctor Christoph Anderl, an expert on Chinese (Medieval) language. I want to thank Professor Anderl from the bottom of my heart for all his help and support. He is a wonderful and kind person who always gives feedback in the most positive way imaginable. Sometimes I was really struggling with writing this thesis and with myself. I could not have finished it without the support of my friends who kept believing in me. Thank you Sara, Lore, Tanita, Nele, Laura, Stan, and all the others. And of course my family: thank you Mam, Dad & Mem for making our home a warm place, a comfortable and stable surrounding. All my love for my sweet Inaya, the sunshine in my life, the one person who motivates me on a daily basis to work hard and become a better person. -
The Macedonian “Have” and “Be” Perfects
Chapter 4: Verbal Morphology The Macedonian “Have” and “Be” Perfects Olga Mišeska Tomić Macedonian is the only Slavic language with “have” perfects plus non-inflecting past participles that has reached what Heine and Kuteva would call “a fourth stage” of grammaticalization.1 Yet, alongside the “have” perfect, which developed as a result of language contact with non- Slavic Balkan languages, the “be” perfect inherited from Proto-Slavic, in which “be” auxiliaries combine with l-participles, is still being used in the language. Moreover, along with the “have” perfect plus invariable participles, a “be” perfect in which “be” auxiliaries combine with inflect- ing passive participles has been built up.2 Accordingly, there are three 1 Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva, The Changing Language of Europe (Ox- ford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 146. 2 These participles differ from the passive participles of other Slavic languag- es and Koneski and Friedman refer to them as “verbal adjectives,” while Lunt uses the term “-n/-t participles.” I stick to the term “passive participles” because they behave like the passive participles of many non-Slavic European languages (cf. 4.1 below). Blaže Koneski, Gramatika na makedonskiot literaturen jazik [Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language] (Skopje: Kultura, 1967); Vic- tor Friedman, “The Typology of Balkan Evidentiality and Areal Linguistics,” in Olga Mišeska Tomić, ed., Balkan Syntax and Semantics (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004), pp. 101–134; Horace G. Lunt, A Grammar of the Macedo- nian Literary Language (1952): Reprinted in Ljudmil Spasov, Dve amerikanski gramatiki na sovremeniot makedonski standarden jazik (Skopje: Makedonska Akademija na naukite i umetnostite, 2003), pp. -
Greek Occupied Macedonia (1913-1989)
Greek occupied Macedonia (1913-1989) By Stoian Kiselinovski (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) Greek occupied Macedonia (1913-1989) Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2018 by Stoian Kiselinovski & Risto Stefov e-book edition ********** January 24, 2018 ********** 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ..........................................................................................6 CHAPTER ONE - NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY (1900 - 1913).....................8 1. BULGARIAN STATISTICS ON THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA ...............................................................................9 2. SERBIAN STATISTICS ON THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA ......................................................................................................12 3. GREEK STATISTICS ON THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION IN GREEK OCCUPIED MACEDONIA ......................................................................................................14 CHAPTER TWO - CHANGING THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION -
Transliteration Or Loan Translation: Constraints on English Loanwords' Integration Into Mandarin Chinese
Paper Transliteration or Loan Translation: Constraints on English loanwords’ integration into Mandarin Chinese by Anna Tian & Ad Backus [email protected] [email protected] January 2013 Transliteration or Loan Translation: Constraints on English Loanwords’ Integration into Mandarin Chinese Anna Tian & Ad Backus Abstract----Lexical borrowing deserves serious professional attention because borrowed words can constitute a major part of the lexicon in a language. Chinese loanwords of English origin can be roughly divided into three groups: transliteration, semantic loan and a combination of the two. This paper gives a brief sketch of the three different kinds of loanwords and goes further to point out that semantic loan or loan translation tends to be the eventual form for words borrowed from English, for the reasons that Chinese is monosyllabic, that the Chinese writing system is morphemic, and that it has little to do with its sound system. Direct replication of the pronunciations of English words is not compatible with the coding structure of Chinese, which is why transliterations tend to be replaced by loan translations or semantic loans. To support this hypothesis, this paper presents a data-based analysis of 55 borrowed lexical items as found in 80 articles from a Chinese newspaper and a magazine. The findings show that the token frequency of transliterated loanwords is lower than that of semantic loans. Key words----loanwords, transliteration, semantic loan, loan translation, integration, constraint 1. INTRODUCTION English, an Indo-European language, is the most widely spoken language in the world. Chinese, a Sino-Tibetan language, has the largest number of speakers in the world.