PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Department of Health and Welfare. became the first Deputy Minister of Health for British Columbia’s of Public Health and Preventive Medicine. In 1946, Dr. Amyot Administration at the University of Minnesota’s Department of British Columbia as well as a Professor of Public Health Health Officer and Advisor on Hospital Services for the Province often travelling by canoe. He later became Assistant Provincial Saskatchewan and worked in the northern regions of the province, Toronto, Dr. Amyot joined the Department of Public Health in Profiles This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth
print profiles After graduating in medicine at the University of and theUnitedStates Public HealthContributionstoCanada Gregoire Fere Amyot , June 1963
— in Canada for nearly 40 years. department. Dr. Amyot exercised a wide influence on public health and National Health, he was made Deputy Minister of the new united in 1928 under the name of the Department of Pensions Civil Re-establishment and the Department of Health were authorities throughout Canada. When the Department of Soldiers’ where he secured the co-operation of provincial and local health the first Deputy Minister of the Federal Department of Health, the pasteurization of milk in Canada. In 1919, Dr. Amyot became role in introducing the filtration and chlorination of water and Laboratory, where he served until 1919. Dr. Amyot had a leading was appointed Director of the Ontario Provincial Board of Health in Medicine from the University of Toronto in 1891. In 1900, he Lt.-Col. John A. Amyot was born in Toronto in 1867 and graduated Canadian PublicHealth Journal Council ofHealth of HealthandFirstChairmantheDominion First DeputyMinisteroftheFederalDepartment John A. Amyot , Vol.25,1934 1 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — succeeded in making a national issue of the fluoridation of water. could be banished by using immunization effectively. Dr. Bates also Diphtheria Toxoid Committee in Toronto to show that diphtheria as well as hundreds of municipalities. In 1930, he formed a compulsory pasteurization of milk in Ontario and Saskatchewan, clinics. Dr. Bates’ persistent badgering of health authorities led to for the control of VD as well as the establishment of hundreds of public speeches. His activities led to pioneer legislation in Ontario Canadian physician to use the words syphilis and gonorrhoea in rates in Canada during World War I, Dr. Bates became the first crusader for public health. Alarmed by the syphilis and gonorrhoea Director of the Health League of Canada and a rough-and-tumble This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory MacLeans , November26,1955 Dr. Gordon Bates was the long-serving Founding Canada Founder andDirectoroftheHealthLeague Gordon Bates — international congressonBCGin1950. diphtheria, thatledtohisinvitationrepresent Canadaatan immunization, particularlyforthepreventionoftuberculosisand several centresforexperimentalresearchinmethodsof Montreal. UnderDr.Baudouin’sdirection,Montrealestablished integrated withtheSchoolofHygieneUniversity a trainingschoolforpublichealthnurses,whichwaslater public healthservicewithlocalparishgroups.Healsofounded worked tolowertheinfantmortalityrateinQuebecbyrelating became PresidentofLaSociétéMédicaleMontrealand Officer ofHealththeTownLachinein1909.In1927he Canadian PublicHealthJournal Dr. JosephAlbertBaudouinbecameMedical Established VaccineResearchCentres Advanced PublicHealthinMontrealand Joseph Baudouin Albert , Vol. 50,1959 page 2 2 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Career Development Program. health services devolution and created the Indian and Inuit Health increases for medical research; and sponsored a policy of Indian of 1984; initiated reforms of private pensions; obtained significant legislation; strengthened Medicare through the Supplement for pensioners in need; sponsored the Child Tax Credit 1977 to 1984, when she twice increased the Guaranteed Income in 1972 and served as Minister of Health and Welfare from by training, she was elected to the House of Commons in Ottawa the Status of Women that was published in 1970. A sociologist as the executive secretary-general of the Royal Commission on This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory eng.php http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/media/nr-rp/2004/2004_01bk3- 1936. Early in her career she distinguished herself The Hon. Monique Bégin was born in Rome, Italy in Introduced theCanadaHealthAct Monique Bégin Canada Health Act
— Disease for the province. organized health units and as Nursing Consultant in Venereal including work with crippled children in areas not covered by to several senior public health nursing positions in Manitoba, Nursing Sister in South Africa for three years before being assigned areas. She volunteered with the Canadian Army Medical Corps as a travelling over roads that were hardly more than trails in some to open their homes to children evacuated from war-torn Britain, averaged 1,000 miles a week, searching out suitable families willing in her career as a public health nurse. Ms. Blair and a colleague describes this period as one of the happiest and most rewarding pressed into service as a substitute physician and veterinarian. She central Manitoba in 1937, where in addition to nursing she was She was assigned to the Fisher Branch Nursing Station in north- new Department of Health and Welfare in Manitoba in 1929. Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Lynn Blair was one of the first nurses hired for the for 41Years Peripatetic PublicHealthNurseServedManitoba Lynn Blair , March/April1975 page 3 3 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — of theCanadianInstitutePublicHealthInspectors. Environmental HealthFoundationofCanada,the researcharm It wasrevolutionary.”HenamedHonoraryChair ofthe the workplaceinCanadaandoneoffirstNorthAmerica. achievement wasbringinginthefirstnon-smokingpolicy the movetoabolishsmokinginworkplace.“Ourbiggest living withAIDS,peoplecombatingdrugaddictions,and programs involvingyouth,peoplewithdisabilities, He wasthemovingforcebehindanumberofimportant Officer forVancouverCoastalHealthandtheCityofVancouver. Twenty-three ofthoseyearswereasChiefMedicalHealth Medical HealthOfficerinCanadawhenheretired2007. This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA interview Dr. JohnBlatherwickwasthelongest-serving Smoking Ban Moving ForceBehindCanada’sFirstWorkplace John Blatherwick , June2009 — served on numerous Canadian and international commissions. established the first infant health clinic in Montreal in 1901 and College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec. He Montreal’s Société Médicale and later served as Registrar of the of his achievements. Dr. Boucher was one of the founders of and down to 84 on his retirement. Such results stand as records infant mortality rate when he assumed office was 215 per 1,000 had dropped in 1936 to 10.2 per 1,000, from 21.5 in 1913. The in every field of public health. Montreal’s general death rate in 1938, the City had a highly efficient Department with activities activities limited largely to sanitation. When he retired as Director of Health, the budget was small, the staff inadequate, and the When Dr. Seraphim Boucher first entered Montreal’s Department Advanced andDevelopedMontrealPublicHealth Seraphim Boucher Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol. 29,1938 page 4 4 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — North America. scientific researchstudiesofwaterfluoridationconductedin in Ottawa.There,heorganizedanddirectedoneofthefirst Public HealthintheDepartmentofNationalandWelfare time inprivatepractice,hewasappointedDirectorofDental graduated withaDiplomainDentalPublicHealth.Aftershort University ofToronto’sSchoolHygieneafterthewarand he attainedtherankofLieutenantColonel.Heattended in WorldWarIandtheDentalCorpsIIwhere profession. BorninNovaScotia,heservedasamachinegunner This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth as apublicservantandmemberofthedental Dr. HarryKnowltonBrowndistinguishedhimself Soldier andPublicHealthDentist KnowltonHarry Brown , Vol. 56,1965 — health oftheDepartmentInterior. of healthOntarioin1904,hebecamechiefmedical officerof Upon hisretirementfromthepositionofchiefmedical officer setting upin1883Canada’sfirstpublichealtheducationexhibit. necessity ofpubliceducationiftuberculosiswastobecontrolled, was apioneerinhealtheducationCanadaandstressedthe which becamethemodelforlegislationinotherprovinces.He 1882 andpreparedthecomprehensivePublicHealthActof1884, first secretaryoftheProvincialBoardHealthOntarioin Public HealthAssociationin1919.Dr.Brycewasappointedthe committee appointedattheinauguralmeetingofCanadian Department ofImmigrationandchairmantheorganizing January 1959 Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Dr. BrycewasChiefMedicalOfficerinthefederal Ontario BoardofHealth Public HealthPioneerandFirstSecretaryof Peter Bryce Henderson , Vol.50,No. 1, page 5 5 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — epidemiology towards this end.” and determinants of ill-health, using the rigorous methods of the health of the people by identifying and correcting the causes Her work demonstrated “a passionate commitment to advancing President of the International Epidemiological Association in 1981. Public Health. articles, many of which appeared in the advancement of epidemiology and authored over 80 scientific at the University of Western Ontario. She contributed to the Scholarship, and by 1967, was Chair of Community Medicine from the University of London in England while on a Rockefeller completed a PhD in 1950, received the Diploma in Public Health the ranks during the 1950s. She graduated in medicine in 1947, This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest times—a talented woman who rose rapidly through Dr. Carol Buck was considered to be ahead of her An EpidemiologistAheadofHerTime Carol Buck She gained international recognition when elected , Vol.11,No.3,1987 Canadian Journal of — R.D. Defries Medal from CPHA in 1966 for his lifetime of service. Health Assembly on numerous occasions and received the first Canada as Chief Delegate of the Canadian Delegation to the World served with distinction until his retirement in 1965. He represented Dr. Cameron was Deputy Minister of National Health where he in the Department of Pensions and National Health. By 1946, years later was appointed as Chief of the Laboratory of Hygiene section of the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories and eight production and testing of serums and diphtheria toxoid at the farm University of Toronto. In 1931, he became responsible for the medicine and public health at the School of Hygiene at the during World War I and after the war went on to study preventive Canadian PublicHealthJournal Dr. George Donald West Cameron fought in France First R.D. Defries Medal Recipient Long-time Deputy Minister of National Health and George Donald West Cameron , Vol.57,1966 page 6 6 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Public Health Association and as chair of CPHA’s dental section. in the organization of the Saskatchewan Branch of the Canadian Saskatchewan Department of Public Health and took a leading role for the RCAF. Later, he became Director of Dental Health for the and served as a senior dental officer in various training centres During WWII, Dr. Chegwin enlisted in the Army Dental Corps in the schools, in his practice, and with his professional colleagues. dedicated much of his time and effort to dental health education to be maintained or improved. From that time on, Dr. Chegwin health education was a necessity if general dental health were dental health among school children, he soon realized that dental 1919 and was a part-time school dental officer. Observing the poor This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory C anadian Journal of Public Health up a dental practice in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan in Born in 1895 at Lacombe, Alberta, Dr. Chegwin set Early PromoterofDentalHealthEducation Edward Chegwin Arthur , Vol. 52, August 1961 — first Director General two years later. Commission of the World Health Organization and became its of the Department. In 1946, Dr. Chisholm directed the Interim that he exhibited extraordinary skill in the post-war expansion appointed Deputy Minister of National Health in 1944, it was said and later, as Director General of Medical Services. When he was as Director of Personnel Selection, as Deputy Adjutant General spending some years in private practice. During WWII, he served greatness.” Dr. Chisholm entered the field of psychiatry after planning were characteristic of a leader of inherent and essential experienced psychiatrist; and his vision and courage in program His dealings with individuals were directed by the skill of an the history of public health and of international collaboration. of the World Health Organization closes a notable chapter in with the Interim Commission and five years as Director General time said: “Dr. Chisholm’s retirement after nearly two years Organization, an editorial in an international journal at the Canadian PublicHealth Journal When Dr. Chisholm retired from the World Health Organization First DirectorGeneraloftheWorldHealth G. Brock Chisholm , Vol. 49,1958 page 7 7 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — 1979. Branch ofCPHAin1977andbecamePresident theBranchin Christensen wasafoundingmemberoftheNorthwestTerritories developed andtaughtnutritionmodulesatArcticCollege.Ms. campaigns fortheMcKenzieRegionalHealthServicesand She coordinatedtheHIV/AIDSandtobaccopublicawareness Hospital, whereshedevelopedtheNWTNutritionGuidelines. Health andDirectorofDieteticsattheYellowknifeStanton Nutrition andDieteticsConsultantwiththeDepartmentof and teachinghomenursinginInuitcommunities.Shebecame career intheNWT1975withSt.JohnAmbulance,developing This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest from theUniversityofTorontoandbeganher Jill Christensen graduated with a degree in nutrition Nutritionist DevelopedCPHABranchinNWT Jill Christensen , Vol.16,No.3,Autumn1992 — University. Health PracticeattheFacultyofSciences atSimonFraser of PublicHealth He alsoservedastheScientificEditorof instrumental inthecreationofCPHA’sGlobalHealthProgram. sexually transmitteddiseasesintheAmericas.Dr.Corberwas expertise forthepreventionandcontrolofHIV/AIDSother This PAHOprogramprovidestechnicalcollaborationand Control DivisionforthePanAmericanHealthOrganization. Health DepartmentandasDirectorofDiseasePrevention as theMedicalOfficerofHealthforOttawa-Carleton CPHA HealthDigest health professionalforover30years,serving Dr. StephenJ.Corberhasbeenapractisingpublic A LeadingForceinGlobalHealthPrograms Stephen J. Corber and most , Vol.No.2008
recently hewas
Director ofPublic Canadian Journal page 8 8 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Officer fiveyearslater. in maternalandchildhealthwasappointed Chief Nursing she joinedtheWorldHealthOrganizationasnursing consultant made adecidedimprovementinthepractice.Two yearslater collaboration withDr.J.H.Baillie,recommendations that an intensivestudyandevaluationofpublichealth practicein in Germany.OnherreturntoVancouver1947, sheconducted Rehabilitation AdministrationintheBritishzone ofoccupation she wasappointedChiefNursefortheUnitedNationsReliefand on theinternationallevelbeganimmediatelyafterWWIIwhen specializing inpublichealthnursingadministration.Herwork Columbia University,whereshecompletedamaster’sdegree, and in1938wasgrantedaRockefellerFellowshiptoattend in 1968.LyleCreelmanwasbornandeducatedNovaScotia time,” saidtheJournalofInternationalCouncilNurses for nursingthroughouttheworldthananyothernurseofher Health Organization,LyleCreelmanprobablyachievedmore This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublic Health “In fourteenyearsasChiefNursingOfficer,World Canada andAroundtheWorld Developments ofNursingandPublicHealthin Lyle M. Creelman , Vol. 63,1972 — Canada.” of ProfessionalPracticeintheFieldEnvironmental HealthIn annually toamemberwhohaddisplayed Institute createdtheAlexCrossAwardin1984,to bepresented and inhonourofhislifetimecontributiontopublichealththe Charter MemberoftheCanadianInstituteSanitaryInspectors Assistant ChiefoftheHealthDepartment.Mr.Crosswasa the WinnipegHealthDepartmentwhereheeventuallybecame 5th CanadianArmoredDivision,andondischargereturnedto was postedtothe11thCanadianFieldHygieneSectionof the WinnipegHealthDepartmentin1931.Duringwar,he through educationandexperiencebecameDistrictInspectorat 1923 asapipe-fitterwiththeCanadianNationalRailwaysand Tim Roark,Historian,Basedona1977biography ofAlexCross Alex Crossstartedafive-yearapprenticeshipin Canadian Environmental Health Highest Standard of Professional Practice in Alex Cross “The HighestStandard page 9 9 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Health OrganizationontheMillenniumDevelopment Goals. leaving CPHA,Mr.Dafoewasanadvisorwiththe PanAmerican was alsoveryactiveinresearchandpolicydevelopment. After immunization education,andhumanresourceplanning. CPHA drugs, Aboriginalhealthprograms,reform, childhealth, educational resourcesaboutprescriptionandnon-prescription nutrition, AIDSeducationandawareness,literacyhealth, in areassuchasenvironmentalhealth,fitnessandlifestyle, CPHA implementedhundredsofprojectsduringhistenure respected foritscontributionstothefieldofpublichealth. internationally regardednon-governmentalorganization,highly of his30yearsleadership,CPHAgrewintoanationallyand of PublicHealth to 2003,andwasManagingEditorofthe This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest the CanadianPublicHealthAssociationfrom1973 Gerry DafoeservedastheChiefExecutiveOfficerof Over 30YearsofVisionandCPHALeadership Dafoe Gerry andthe , Vol.28,No.2,Summer 2004 CPHA HealthDigest Canadian Journal . Overthecourse — Department ofHealthandPublicWelfare. Health NursingConsultant,andCivilDefenceConsultant tothe her responsibilitiesasIndustrialNursingConsultant,Public in Italy.UponherreturntoManitoba1946,shetookup for theUnitedNationsRehabilitationandReliefAdministration Second WorldWarservedasPublicHealthNurseSupervisor specialized inindustrialnursingandduringafterthe and thePublicHealthNursingdiploma.Ms.DeBrincat She wentontoearntheRoyalSanitaryInspector’sCertificate from nursingtrainingattheWinnipegGeneralHospitalin1925. in Manitoba.ShewasbornontheislandofMaltaandgraduated Canadian JournalofPublicHealth the developmentofpublichealthnursingservices Josephine DeBrincat’scareeriscloselylinkedwith Developed PublicHealthNursinginManitoba Josephine DeBrincat , Vol. 61,1970 page 10 10 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — outstanding contributionstothebroadfieldofpublic health. to beawardedannuallyintheformofamedaland citationfor CPHA institutedtheR.D.DefriesAwardasitshighest honour epidemiology, andpublichealthadministration. In1965, scientific literatureinthefieldsofbacteriology,immunology, Administration in1941.Hemadenumerouscontributionsto accepted theresponsibilityofDepartmentPublicHealth Laboratories andDirectoroftheSchoolHygienein1940 development. Dr.DefrieswasappointedDirectorofConnaught contributed immeasurablytotheAssociation’sgrowthand stimulation andguidanceovermanyyearsweresaidtohave 1928. In1953hebecamePresidentoftheAssociationandhis Journal ofPublicHealth Dr. RobertDaviesDefriesbecametheEditorof This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Journal ofPublicHealth Hygiene, andWasFirstEditorofthe Led ConnaughtandCanada’sFirstSchoolof Davies Defries Robert when itwaspurchased , Vol. 55,June1965
by CPHAin Canadian Canadian — the medicalestablishmentinMontreal,QuebecCityandLachine. John’s Ambulancefor24yearsandhadexcellentreferencesfrom in MilkTestingandPlumbing.HewasanAssociatewithSt. Lachine HygieneDepartmentandobtainedofficialqualifications Born in1886,hebeganhispublichealthcareer1914withthe Inspection (Canada).HereceivedCertificate#1inOctober,1935. Inspectors Tim Roark,Historian,CanadianInstituteofPublicHealth first persontoreceivetheCertificateinSanitary Mr. ArthurDicaireofLachine,Quebecbecamethe Pioneer inSanitaryInspectionandHygiene Dicaire Arthur page 11 11 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — botulinum the epidemiologically significant hypothesis that a world-wide reputation for his work on botulism and put forward cholera vaccine, diphtheria, influenza and rat-bite fever. He gained range of topics, such as brucellosis, gonorrhoea, typhoid fever, the than 100 contributions to the medical literature, including 36 to at the University of British Columbia. Dr. Dolman made more Head of the Department of Bacteriology and Preventive Medicine Connaught Laboratories. He went on to become Professor and in 1906, he came to Canada in 1931 as Research Assistant at health and academic aspects of bacteriology. Born in England microbiologist and well known for his contributions to both public This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Canadian Journal of Public Health type E is not a marine organism but of terrestrial origin. Dr. Claude Ernest Dolman was a distinguished Recognized BotulismExpert Distinguished Microbiologist,Researcherand Dolman Claude Ernest , Vol. 64,March/April1973 . These papers cover a wide Clostridium — province. much notonlyinManitobabutbeyondtheboundariesof as longaperiod.AsProfessorofPublicHealth,hecontributed with theMedicalCollegeofUniversityManitobaforalmost throughout thecontinent.Dr.Douglaswasintimatelyassociated behalf oftheHealthDepartmentWinnipegwonrecognition diplomacy, andaremarkablememoryfordetail.Hisworkon To thisposthebroughtenergy,versatility,clearthinking, service asMedicalOfficerofHealththeCityWinnipeg. In 1939,Dr.Douglascompletedalmost40yearsofdistinguished Four Decades of Service to Public Health in Winnipeg Alexander Joseph Douglas Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol. 30,1939 page 12 12 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — universal, publicmedicalinsuranceplanenacted in1962. Saskatchewan CCFlaidthefoundationforNorth America’sfirst the for thementallyill,auniversalpublichospitalizationplan,and achievements includedfree cancer treatment, free hospitalization reputation ofthesociallaboratoryNorthAmerica.Hisearly (CCF) in1942andwhenpower,Saskatchewanearnedthe of theSaskatchewanCo-operativeCommonwealthFederation 1904 andraisedinWinnipeg,Mr.Douglasbecametheleader “the poor,theweak,anddispossessed.”BorninScotland Tommy Douglasbecamedeterminedtodowhathecouldhelp and observingthesufferingofthosewhohadlosttheirjobs, This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest, Saskatchewan BillofRights Thomas ClementDouglas the UniversityofChicagoduringDepression While doingpost-graduateworkinsociologyat The FatherofCanadianMedicare Vol.8,No.3,June 1984 . Underhisleadership,the — promotion globally. indeed, inestablishingthewholeconceptandpracticeofhealth Canada toapositionofworldleadershipinthisfieldand, Promotion Directorate,hewasthemajorfactorinbringing Promotion. ThefirstDirectorGeneralofHealthCanada’s in 1986andwhichresultedtheOttawaCharterforHealth International ConferenceonHealthPromotion,heldinCanada Trevor Hancock,HealthPromotionInternational,1998 Ron DraperwastheforcebehindFirst Health Promotion Major ContributionstotheArtandScienceof Draper Ron Adrian page 13 13 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — associated communitywelfareandsocialservices. also creditedwithestablishinglinksbetweenpublic healthand of itskindandwhichreceivedworld-wideacclaim. Ms.Dykewas and decentralizedonadistrictbasis—asystemthatwasthefirst organized toprovideserviceonthebasisoffamilyasaunit child healthcentresandtheDepartment’snursingstaffwas child welfareservicesbecamethenucleusofDepartment’s and pioneeringindividuals.OnMs.Dyke’srecommendation, extremely susceptibletotheeffortsofenthusiastic,energetic the CityofTorontoin1911atatimewhenpublichealthwas in 1905.ShestartedattheDepartmentofPublicHealth Johns HopkinsSchoolforNursesinBaltimore,Maryland Eunice HenriettaDykewasborninToronto1883andentered Services Comprehensive SystemofChildandFamilyHealthWelfare DykeEunice Henrietta This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth , Vol.51,July1960 — contributions to their proceedings were greatly valued. a regular attendant at Dominion Health Council meetings and his Canadian Medical Association. Dr. FitzGerald was for many years on the executive of the Canadian Public Health Association and the a charter member of the Dominion Council of Health and served time to many national, provincial and local organizations. He was Committee of the League of Nations from 1930 to 1936 and gave his at the University of Toronto. He served as a member of the Health great achievement which lies to his credit is the School of Hygiene as one of the country’s most active research laboratories. Another Canada and then developed Connaught Laboratories, which served and Freiburg, he visualized the possibilities of an antitoxin centre inin 1903. While studying at the Pasteur Institutes in Paris, Brussels John Gerald FitzGerald graduated from the University of Toronto Canadian Journal of Public Health Born in Drayton, Ontario on December 9, 1882, Dr. Hygiene, UniversityofToronto Founder ofConnaughtLaboratoriesandSchool John FitzGerald Gerald , Vol. 31, No.
8, August 1940 page 14 14 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — and publichealthnursesinparticularallparts ofCanada. Pragmatics and education,co-authored Canada. Shewroteextensivelyonnursing,health care,ethics appointed PrincipalNursingOfficerforHealthandWelfare at theUniversityofWesternOntario.In1977,Dr.Flahertywas assistant atSt.Michael’sHospital,andthenasDeanofNursing worked forseveralyearsasaGeneralStaffNurseandresearch mines andbushcamps.WhenshereturnedtoToronto, and familiesinthehome,occupationalhealthcareseveral in generalizedcommunityhealth,schoolnursing,careofpatients isolated RedCrossoutpostinthenorth,whereshewasinvolved and earlyinhercareerworkedastheNurse-in-Chargeofan This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest . Dr.Flahertywasaninspirationtonursesingeneral Dr. M.JosephineFlahertywasborninToronto Nurses AcrossCanada Strong NursingLeadershipandanInspirationto M. Josephine Flaherty , Vol.6,No.2,April 1982 Nursing Ethics–Theoriesand — 1945 andservedasitsdeanfor20years. school ofhygieneintheworldatUniversitéde Montréalin infection andimmunity.HefoundedthefirstFrench-language blood substitutes,virusvaccines,andfundamentalaspectsof outstanding contributionsinthestudyofbloodtransfusionsand In additiontoresearchintotheBCGvaccine,Dr.Frappiermade and usefulnessoftheBacillusCalmette-Guérin(BCG)vaccine. Canada andoneofthefirstresearcherstoconfirmsafety Frappier wasinstrumentalinthefightagainsttuberculosis 1975, whenitwasrenamed and HygieneinMontreal1938,servedasdirectoruntil Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Dr. FrappierfoundedtheInstituteofMicrobiology Canada Instrumental intheFightAgainstTuberculosis Frappier Armand Institut Armand-Frappier , Vol. 64,March/April1974 . Dr. page 15 15 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — provision of public health nurses to serve the whole province. family physicians, the organization of child health clinics, and the unnecessary, urging the continued supervision of children by their in newspaper articles, he outlined how much of this suffering was to alleviate the suffering of children. On the public platform and the foundation of an effective public health organization. He fought one of a small group of distinguished sanitarians who helped lay and was appointed Chief Health Inspector in 1928. Dr. Fraser was established the first provincial public health nursing service in 1917 in Brandon until he became the Provincial Epidemiologist. He Edinburgh. For some years he was engaged in general practice of Medicine in 1890 and undertook post-graduate study in Dr. Fraser graduated from the University of Manitoba’s Faculty Children inManitoba Distinguished SanitarianFoughttoAlleviatetheSufferingof M. Fraser Stuart This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol.26,1935 — in thehealthfield. in whichAboriginalyouthcouldbeencouragedto choosecareers raised theprofileofAboriginalhealthissuesand exploredways As amemberoftheCPHABoardDirectors,Ms. Goodwill Canada in1975,wheresheservedasPresidentforsevenyears. Ms. GoodwillhelpedfoundtheAboriginalNursesAssociationof in developinghealthandsocialpoliciesforAboriginalpeople. her 20yearswiththefederalgovernment,shewasinstrumental her eyestothehealthconditionsofFirstNationspeople.During Nurse inChargeoftheLaRongeNursingStation,whichopened the IndianHospitalinFortQu’Appelle.Shewentontobecome in nursingPrinceAlbertandsubsequentlywasemployedat near NorthBattleford,Saskatchewan,Ms.Goodwillgraduated CPHA HealthDigest care. APlainsCreefromLittlePineFirstNation Jean GoodwillwasaleaderinAboriginalhealth Canada’s FirstAboriginalNursingGraduate Jean Goodwill , Vol.24,No.4,Winter 2000 page 16 16 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — appointed ChiefMedicalOfficerofHealthfor through hisworkonvariouscommittees.Dr.Adelard Groulxwas made significantandvaluablecontributionstothe Association of Montreal.Dr.GroulxwasCPHA’sPresidentin 1943and of theInstituteMicrobiologyandHygieneUniversity the InstituteofHospitalAdministration.Hewasalsoadirector Nurses, theFacultyofDentistry,Pharmacy,and School ofHygieneandlecturedatthePublicHealth Health. HeheldanumberofpostsattheUniversityMontreal’s as headofthedivisionchildhealthinDepartment University ofMontrealandenteredcivicservicein in Sainte-Scholastique,hegraduatedmedicinefromthe Officer ofHealthin1965,apositionheheldsince1937.Born This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Dr. AdelardGroulxretiredasMontreal’sMedical Health Nearly 30YearsasMontreal’sMedicalOfficerof Adelard Groulx , Vol. 57,June1966 Expo ’67. — Toronto-based healthfuturesthink-tank. futurism andwasafoundingmemberofParadigm Health,a from 1983 to 1985. Dr. Hancock has written extensively on health and theeconomy.HewasleaderofGreenPartyCanada sustainable developmentbyorganizingaconferenceonhealth determinants withFranPerkinsandpromotedtheconceptof Dr. Hancockdevelopedthe“mandalaofhealth”modelhealth health promotion,sustainabledevelopmentandhealthyfutures. consultant, hehaswrittenandpresentedaroundtheworldon before beginninghiscareerinpublichealth.Asahealth Trevor HancockpractisedmedicineinCanadaforfouryears CPHA HealthDigest Trevor Hancock Trained asafamilyphysicianinBritain,Dr. Visionary Health PublicPolicyandHealthyCommunities , Vol.14,No.3,September1990 page 17 17 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — facilities, and day care centres over a period of five weeks. they visited medical and nursing schools, hospitals, rehabilitation Bégin on the first Canadian Health Study Tour of China when involvement in CPHA in 1972. She accompanied the Hon. Monique regional, provincial, national and international initiatives since her Ms. Harling gave her time, energy and expertise to a number of highly specialized medical care to the children of New Brunswick. specialized pediatric clinics became models for the delivery of the field of maternal and child health, and her general and number of public health programs and services, especially in to the health care of New Brunswickers. She developed a large This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest Ms. Ann Harling devoted her professional career Adults inNewBrunswick Devoted HerCareertotheHealthofChildrenand Ann Harling , Vol.19,No.2,1995 — and prematuredeath.” unnecessary andpreventablediseasewithitsattending suffering Health Departmentwhichwould“reduceinevery possibleway for radicalhealthprograms.HisgoalToronto wastocreatea believing thatrecordssupplyboththedirection and justification the world.Thekeytothisreputationwasaccurate records, a modelofpublichealthadministrationinCanada andaround of 500with114publichealthnursesin1920.Torontobecame from astaffof27withonepublichealthnursein1910,to Under hisdirection,theTorontoHealthDepartmentexpanded in publicschoolsandneighbourhoodbabyclinicsCanada. of healtheducationprograms,medicalanddentalinspection public healthnursingsystem.Dr.Hastingswasaleadingpioneer a safewatersupplyandestablishedaninternationallyrecognized Toronto the firstcityin Canada milk. to pasteurizeHeintroduced of Healthfrom1910to1929.Hewasacrusaderinmaking Janice R.Sandomirsky, Dr. CharlesHastingswasToronto’sMedicalOfficer Health Internationally RenownedMedicalOfficerof Charles John Colwell Hastings Orr Toronto’s PublicHealthPhotography page 18 18 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — programs incommunityhealthareaswithmaster’s degrees. Toronto andwasinstrumentalinreplacingthediploma Health withintheFacultyofMedicineatUniversity of was thefoundingAssociateDeanofDivision ofCommunity Hastings workedonnationalandinternationalprojects. He commissioned bytheConferenceofHealthMinisters. Dr. Building onthiswork,heproducedaseminalreport in1971–72, the organizationofcommunityhealthservicesinCanada. Commission onHealthServiceswithrecommendationsabout 36 years.In1965,hecompletedareportfortheHallRoyal at theUniversityofTorontoin,whereremainedfornext Hastings wasappointedasalecturerintheSchoolofHygiene (Toronto’s MedicalOfficerofHealthfrom1910to1929).John public healthlegacyofhisgreat-uncle,Dr.CharlesHastings educator incommunityhealth.Inmanyways,hecontinuedthe as anadvocateforcommunityhealthservicesandaleading This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest Dr. JohnE.F.Hastingshadadistinguishedcareer Community Health Services A Profound Impact on the Development of John E.F. Hastings , Vol. 16,No.3,Autumn1992 — Medical History in Canada. in 1945. He created his own memorial in his led a comprehensive federal effort to develop the bill, introduced insurance bill presented to a parliamentary committee in 1943. He on Public Health in Canada it has been a long and tiresome journey.” His exhaustive been engaged in fighting disease from generation to generation 7.5 per thousand, in some parts of the country. To all who have have seen the death rate drop from 40 per thousand to as low as workers and an expenditure of many thousands of dollars. We from a part-time physician, who was the sole staff, to armies of Dr. Heagerty wrote: “We have seen our health departments develop Canadian MedicalAssociationJournal health of the federal Department of Health. In 1928, Dr. John J. Heagerty was Canada’s first chief officer of Developed FederalHealthInsuranceLegislation John J. Heagerty formed the basis of the draft health , August 10,1968 Four Centuries of Report page 19 19 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — became averitable“one-manarmy.” it bere-namedas and developed expandedand, with greatforesight,recommended titled Hiebert becameeditorofCIPHI’snationalpublication,then of theCanadianInstituteSanitaryInspectors.In1971,Mr. several communitiesinBCandwasveryactivetheBranch you healthyifitkillsyou.”HeservedasaChiefInspectorin was a24-hour-a-dayprofessionandhismottowas,“We’llkeep career inpublichealth.Mr.Hiebertbelievedsanitaryinspection Inspection No.359in1945andbeganalongdedicated Jacob LenardHiebertreceivedhisCertificateinSanitary This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Inspectors, 2009 Tim Roark,Historian,CanadianInstituteofPublic Health The CanadianSanitarian, Born inWinkler,ManitobaandraisedAlberta, Health Review Dedicated SanitarianandEditorofEnvironmental Len Hiebert Environmental HealthReview which heprofessionalized, , overwhichhe — the University of British Columbia. Hospital and Professor of Bacteriology and Nursing and Health in appointment of Director of Laboratories of the Vancouver General University of Western Ontario, London, and in 1925, accepted the Director of the newly established Institute of Public Health in the taught bacteriology at Harvard Medical School. In 1912 he became he served as Director of the Boston Board of health Laboratory and health methods. During his residency in Boston from 1898 to 1905, of which expressed his keen, critical evaluation of existing public Sanitation for Public Health Nurses, in the United States. He was the author of capacity in Canada and was one of the pioneer epidemiologists NB in 1871 and was the first bacteriologist to serve in a full-time Canadian PublicHealthJournal Dr. Hibbert Winslow Hill was born in Saint John, Bacteriology Pioneering Work,AuthorshipandTeachingin Hibbert Winslow Hill , Vol.26,1935 and The New Hygiene, New Public Health, page 20 all 20 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — health model.” health inequitieswerenotgoingtobeaddressedbythecurative went toIndia,itwasveryevidentthatthedisparitiesand “being involvedininternationaldevelopmentissues.WhenIfirst her twenties.“Thatwasreallyaturningpointforme,”shesays, with CanadianUniversityServicesOverseaswhenshewasin Health Associations.ShetrainedasanurseandwenttoIndia world andservedaspresidentoftheWorldFederationPublic was instrumentalinbuildingpublichealthcapacityaroundthe CPHA establisheditsinternationalhealthsecretariat.Ms.Hilson This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA interview,June2009 Health Programsfor22years,startingin1985when Margaret HilsonwasCPHA’sDirectorofGlobal International HealthandSocialJusticeCrusader Margaret Hilson — 1910, before she could complete this task. schools there and bring back a report. of Education to send working in deplorable conditions. (factories, mills etc.) and more women were entering the work force in technical trades recognized that the roles of women were changing and that more Association, and the Victorian Order of Nurses. Mrs. Hunter the National Council of Women, the Young Women’s Christian Institute movement and is also credited with helping to establish education of girls. She was the visionary behind the Women’s science in the educational curriculum in order to advance the life-long campaign to gain province-wide acceptance of domestic Adelaide HunterHoodlessHomestead take up the cause of domestic reform. She launched a its privations and isolation perhaps inspired her to Ontario. Growing up on a Mrs. Hoodless was born in 1857, near Brantford, Adelaide HunterHoodless
Most were underpaid, under-trained and her to America to examine the technical
She convinced the Minister
Unfortunately she died in
mid-19 th century farm with page 21 21 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — include thatpersonindecisionsabouttheircare. the goalofHealthCentrewastolookatwholepersonand poverty andstrengtheningcommunities.Fromthebeginning, in 1979andprogramstoaddresshealthstatusinequities,child such astheestablishmentofBoyleMcCauleyHealthCentre practitioner oversawmanyinnovativepublichealthinitiatives, extensively onpublichealthandissuesasa contribution topublichealthinAlbertaisunparalleled.Hewrote promotion andprotectionofthehealthpublichis practitioner formorethan30years.Hedevotedhislifetothe Dr. JamesHowellwasapublichealthphysician,educatorand Developed CommunityMedicineinAlberta James Howell This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest , Vol.18,No.2,1994 — establishing health insurance studies. on to assist the Department of National Health and Welfare in services, public health, laboratory and diagnostic services. He went unique and highly effective health program, integrating hospital Due to his vision and untiring efforts, Manitoba developed a renowned Manitoba Health Plan that was introduced in 1945. of Health and Public Welfare. In this position, he developed the and from 1931 to 1948 he served as Manitoba’s Deputy Minister Manitoba as Director of the Division of Disease Prevention in 1928 Dr. Jackson entered the Department of Health and Welfare of Developed andIntroducedRenownedManitobaHealthPlan Frederick W. Jackson Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol. 48,1957 page 22 22 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — president inanyoftheCPHAbranches(1956–58). aspects ofnursing.Ms.Kernenwasthefirstwoman electedas national andprovinciallevelinboththeeducationservice organize andadministerwhilefillingspecialassignmentsatthe next sevenyears,Ms.Kernendemonstratedherabilitiestolead, promotion in1973asDeanoftheCollegeNursing.For of Saskatchewan,arolesheheldforthenext27yearsbeforeher position asProfessorofPublicHealthNursingattheUniversity in NewYork.Withthispreparation,Ms.Kernenaccepteda master’s degreesinnursingeducationfromColumbiaUniversity Public HealthNursingfromMcGillUniversityandbachelor This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest Hospital ofNursingandobtainedacertificatein Hester KernengraduatedfromtheReginaGeneral Inspired DevelopmentofCommunityHealth Hester Kernen , Vol.5,No.2,April1981 — before joiningParticipACTIONtheyearitbegan. National PhysicalEducationDirectorfortheYMCAsofCanada education attheUniversityofSaskatchewan.Hewas groups. HewasborninruralSaskatchewanandstudiedphysical and socialmarketingwithover150professionalcommunity event inCanadaandsharedhisexpertisehealthpromotion ParticipACTION Challenge,thebiggestcommunityparticipation health promotioninitiative.Mr.KisbyinitiatedtheCrownLife through 20yearsofleadershipinParticipACTION,aninnovative CPHA HealthDigest service tohealthpromotionandpublic Russ Kisbygavesustainedanddistinguished Health PromotionthroughParticipACTION Russ Kisby , Vol.15,No.3,Autumn1991 page 23 23 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — determinants ofeatingpractices. community development,andtheeconomic,social andphysical human nutrition,theroleofnutritioninhealthpromotionand School ofNursingatDalhousieUniversity.Shetaughtcourseson addition toteachingnutritionintheFacultyofMedicineand for theProvinceofNovaScotiaasapublichealthnutritionistin the DepartmentofHealthandWelfareinHalifaxworked exemplary. Shebecamethefirstpublichealthnutritionistfor commitment tonutritionandpublichealthwassaidhavebeen career asapublichealthworkerandnutritioneducator,her and programminginCanada.Throughoutherprofessional health nutritionwhosignificantlyinfluencedpublicpolicy Ms. ElizabethMacKinnonLambiewasanationalleaderinpublic National LeaderinNutrition Elizabeth MacKinnonLambie This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest , Vol.21,No.2,Summer1997 — research, practice,andteaching. to developguidelinesonethicalconductofepidemiological led theinitiativeofInternationalEpidemiological Association which isusedbyepidemiologiststhroughoutthe world.Dr.Last and editoroffoureditionsthe Health andHumanEcology of PreventiveMedicine Canada 1990–1998,andinterimeditorofthe the of the domestic andinternationalagencies.Hewasthescientificeditor authored oreditednumerousbooks,articles,andreportsfor community medicineattheUniversityofOttawa.Hehas Edinburgh, Scotlandandasprofessorofepidemiology at theUniversitiesofSydney,Australia,Vermont,USA,and of Adelaidemedicalschoolin1949.Heheldacademicposition Born inAustralia,Dr.JohnLastgraduatedfromtheUniversity CPHA Health Digest Annals Canadian JournalofPublicHealth, oftheRoyalCollegePhysiciansandSurgeons Medicine Professor ofEpidemiologyandCommunity John M. Last , Vol. 30, No, 2, Summer in1988–89.Heistheauthorof and a Dictionary ofEpidemiology, Dictionary ofPublicHealth 1981–1991,editorof American Journal
2006 Public page 24 24 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — a SanitaryInspectorandreceivedCertificate# 254in1942. with theCityHealthDepartment,Ms.Lawsontrainedtobecome Division aswelltheSanitationandHousingDivision.While Office, andlaterfortheCityHealthDepartmentFoodDairy for theT.EatonCompany,laterCityofWinnipegTax from SuccessBusinessCollegein1930.Sheworkedasaclerk Scotland in1907,Ms.WilsonmovedtoWinnipegandgraduated This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Inspectors, 2009 Tim Roark,Historian,CanadianInstituteofPublicHealth Certificate inSanitaryInspection(Canada).Born June Lawsonwasthefirstwomantoreceive Canada’s FirstFemaleSanitaryInspector June Lawson — nursing. active onmanynationalandinternationalcommittees relatedto Nurses asDirectorinChiefforCanada1960.Ms. Leaskwas Nursing Administration,andrejoinedtheVictorianOrderof education attheUniversityofChicago,majoringinPublicHealth observing officialagencyprogramsin1941.Shecontinuedher Foundation, shetravelledintheUnitedStatesandCanada, at theReginaBranch.WithafellowshipfromRockefeller the TorontoBranchandlateracceptedapostasNurseinCharge Leask joinedtheVictorianOrderofNursesasaStaffNursein University ofTorontobeforeenteringtheSchoolNursing.Ms. Saskatchewan in1912andreceivedherBachelorofArtsatthe Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Jean C.LeaskwasborninMooseJaw, Field ofNursing VON Director-in-ChiefServedover30Yearsinthe Jean C. Leask , 1969 page 25 25 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — honour, theR.D.DefriesAward,in1981. Public HealthAssociationsandhereceivedCPHA’s highest international projectsforboththeOntarioand Canadian served asanexpertresourcepersononnumerous nationaland for ageneralaudiencein1982.Dr.WilliamHarding LeRiche and anumberofbooks,including research inCanada.Hehaspublishedmorethan 130articles medical insurancerecordsarelandmarksinhealth-related pioneering workanalyzingthePhysicianServicesIncorporated of epidemiologicissues,includinghospitalinfections.His were hisenduringresearchinterests.Hisworkcoveredarange and developinglocalpublichealthprimarycareservices across Canadatoday.Nutrition,maternalandchildhealth, former studentsarewellrepresentedinthepublichealthfield at theUniversityofTorontoin1957anditissaidthathis Masters ofPublicHealth.Hestartingteachingepidemiology Africa, stoppingatHarvardUniversityalongthewayforhis Dr. LeRichecametoCanadain1952fromJohannesburg,South Nutrition andMaternalChildHealth Professor andResearcherinEpidemiology, William HardingLeRiche This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest , Vol.5,No.2,April 1981 TheChemicalFeast,
written
— development ofpublichealthinCanada. services providedbyqualifiedpersonnelmeantmuch inthe diphtheria. Thisdemonstrationofthevaluefull-timehealth clinics, andgreatlyreduceddeathratesfromtyphusfever accommodation, aneffectiveprogramofvenerealdisease travelling tuberculosisdiagnosticclinics,enlargedsanatorium the fruitionofmuchhiseffortsthroughprovision administration. Onhisretirementin1937,Dr.Lessardsaw in 1922,hegaveearnestconsiderationtoimprovinghealth On assumingthedirectionofProvincialBureauHealth development ofthefull-timehealthunitmovementinQuebec. Dr. AlphonseLessardwasintimatelyassociatedwiththe Units in Quebec Developed and Demonstrated the Value of Full-Time Health Alphonse Lessard Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol.29,1938 page 26 26 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Health NursingSection. Branch intheearly1960sandchairedAssociation’sPublic in theestablishmentofCPHA’sNewfoundlandandLabrador secondary andtertiaryprevention.Ms.Lewiswasinstrumental health caresystematthattime,withmanyrolesinprimary, province’s entirenursingservice—thepointofentryintothe Public HealthNursingfor29yearsandwasresponsiblethe end ofWWII.SheheldthepositionProvincialDirector there beforereturningtoSt.John’s,Newfoundlandatthe nursing inLiverpool,Englandandworkedatamilitaryhospital This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA Health Digest Jean E.C.Lewisstudiedpediatricandgeneral Newfoundland andCanada Instrumental inPublicHealthNursing Jean E.C. Lewis , Vol. 17, No. 2, Summer 1993 — on Arsenic in Yellowknife in 1977. Health Association when he was asked to head up the Task Force environmental pollution was recognized by the Canadian Public from 1967 and its chairman from 1977 to 1982. His expertise in and elsewhere. He was a member of BC’s pollution control board active role in environmental health issues in British Columbia Federation of Canada from 1970–1974. Dr. Mackenzie played an He also was Director and Vice-President of the Family Planning Columbia and served as its president and medical consultant. the guiding forces in the Family Planning Association in British CPHA HealthDigest Dr. Cortlandt John Gordon Mackenzie was one of Pollution Expert inCommunityMedicineandEnvironmental J.G.Cortlandt Mackenzie , Vol.10,No.2,August1986 page 27 27 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — national andinternationallevels. accomplished muchfornursingeducationatthe provincial, Nursing InstitutesforalltheAtlanticprovinces.Ms.MacLennan Among herimportantinnovationswasorganizingtheannual director ofthenewlyorganizedSchoolNursingatDalhousie. Office SupervisorfortheMaritimes.In1949,shebecamefirst of Nurses,firstasasupervisorinMontreal,thanNational enjoyment ofcommunitynursingtookhertotheVictorianOrder MA inPublicHealthSupervisionatColumbiaUniversity.Her the SchoolforGraduateNursesatMcGill,andearnedher the RoyalVictoriaHospitalSchoolofNursinginMontreal, This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Scotia andwaseducatedatDalhousieUniversity, Electa MacLennanwasborninBrookfield,Nova Distinguished Nurse-EducatorforNovaScotia E.A. ElectaMacLennan , Vol. 67,May/June1976 — fields to which her interest has primarily been given. contribution of great value in the advancement of the special of a number of scientific articles and books which were a from this office in 1934, she devoted her time to the preparation International Committee of the Congress of Hygiene. Retiring She was the first woman ever appointed to the Permanent was selected as the Director of the Division of Child Welfare. Department of Pensions and National Health, Dr. MacMurchy child welfare. In 1920, following the organization of the federal and took an active interest in education, public charities and minded in the Department of the Provincial Secretary in Ontario In 1906, Dr. MacMurchy was appointed Inspector of the Feeble- the development of mental hygiene and child welfare in Canada. Canadian PublicHealthJournal Dr. Helen MacMurchy was one of the pioneers in Welfare Pioneering InterestinMentalHygieneandChild Helen MacMurchy , Vol.28,1937 page 28 28 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — institutions. and wasalsoresponsibleforinspectingpenalhumane He conductedtuberculosisclinicsthroughouttheprovince Public Healthwherehestayedfornearlyaquarterofcentury. In 1931,Dr.MacRitchiejoinedtheNovaScotiaDepartmentof by motorboat,sailboat,rowboatandlatterly,automobile. walking, bysnowshoe,horseandbuggyorsleigh, only maninthemedicalprofessionwhoreachedhispatientsby County for20years.Heremarkedthathewasprobablythe University in1911,heenteredprivatepracticeGuysboro Breton. FollowinggraduationinmedicinefromDalhousie Dr. JohnMacRitchiewasbornin1883atEnglishtown,Cape Developed Public Health in Nova Scotia John J. MacRitchie This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol. 47,1956 — improvement. Statistics Council of Canada, dedicated to standardization and His pioneer work resulted in the establishment of the Vital moved to Ottawa and served as assistant Dominion Statistician. and public health nursing services. In 1941, Mr. Marshall well, he set up recording systems for hospitals, welfare agencies deaths and he established registries for adoption and divorce. As number of systems for the registration of births, marriages and supervisor of Medical Records. He invented and introduced a rose from clerk to director of the Vital Statistics Division and the British Columbia Board of Health and from 1916 to 1941, He took up employment with the Vital Statistics Division of England and came to Canada as a boy, settling in Victoria. Canadian JournalofPublicHealth John Thornton Marshall was born in Buckingham, Contributions toPublicHealth Distinguished StatisticianMadeSignificant John Marshall Thornton , Vol. 56,1965 page 29 29 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — on healthreform. Services RestructuringwhichdevelopedCPHA’spositionpaper delivery. Ms.MartinchairedtheWorkingGrouponHealth members andvolunteersinpublichealthprogramsforprogram models, stronglypromotingtheinvolvementofcommunity programs tocommunitydevelopmentandhealthycommunities Vancouver HealthDepartment,helpedshiftthefocusof activities inthemid-1980sandherpositionwith This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest committee thatstarted“HealthyCommunity” Sharon MartinwasinfluentialontheBCsteering Promoted aCommunityModelofPublicHealth Sharon Martin , Vol.20,No. 2,Summer1996 — in the field of public health. Mr. McCrady was considered to be one of the outstanding scientists bacteriological and immunological procedures to meet their needs. and milk, he kept ever in mind practising physicians, adapting bacteriology as relating to municipal problems of water, sewage of American Public Health Association and was a co-author, in 1946, for the Examination of Water, Sewage and Dairy Products He took an active part in the development of foremost authorities in public health bacteriology on the continent. comprehensive diagnostic laboratory service and became one of the Quebec. During his 43 years of service, he laid the foundations of a health laboratory of the Superior Board of Health of the province of In 1910, Mac Harvey McCrady’s job was to reorganize the public Outstanding PublicHealthScientist McCrady Mac Harvey Canadian PublicHealthJournal Water Bacteriology . Although particularly interested in sanitary , Vol. 47,1956 Standard Methods page 30 for the 30 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — organization overseen by a full-time officer of health. establishment of competent health departments with an efficient to advance pubic health in North America, starting with the venereal diseases. In 1923, Dr. McCullough initiated a campaign regulations in 1917 for the Provincial Board of Health to control in 1912 and a stronger boards, a comprehensive revision of Ontario’s health legislation, more transparent and efficient local health issues. Dr. McCullough pressed for more comprehensive public vaccination, venereal disease control and other public health stopped at railway stations around the province, promoting and set up traveling public health exhibits in a train car that reach of everyone in Canada. He promoted public education the provision of essential biological products at prices within public health education and infrastructures and contributed to This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian PublicHealthJournal Ontario, Dr. McCullough strengthened provincial As the long-serving chief officer of health in Ontario’s Long-ServingChiefOfficerofHealth John W.S. McCullough Vaccination Act , Vol.27,1936 . He developed a set of Public Health Act
— findings oncancermortalityattractinginternational attention. trends ofmortalityinCanadafromimportantcauses,withhis Laboratories. Hemademanysurveysandstudiesincludingthe and ResearchMemberintheConnaught Head oftheDepartment appointed asProfessorofEpidemiologyandBiometrics diphtheria toxoidinpreventingdiphtheria.In1944,hewas in Torontoandestablishedunequivocallytheeffectivenessof primarily therecordsofimmunization36,000children he undertookstudiesoftheefficacydiphtheriatoxoid,using associate intheConnaughtLaboratories.WithDr.MaryRoss, Department ofEpidemiologyandBiometricsasresearch Dr. NeilE.McKinnonwasappointedin1925tothestaffof Established theEffectivenessofDiphtheriaToxoid Neil E. McKinnon Canadian JournalofPublicHealth , Vol.53,June1962 page 31 31 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Island Branch of CPHA and served as its first president. instrumental in organizing the New Brunswick-Prince Edward and district medical officer of health. Dr. Melanson was public health in New Brunswick as a tuberculosis diagnostician Statistics for New Brunswick. Dr. Melanson began his work in Department from 1945–65, as well as Registrar General of Vital Brunswick and Chief Medical Officer of the Provincial Health Headquarters. He was Deputy Minister of Health for New rank of Lieutenant Colonel with the Second Canadian Corps During WWII, he was Assistant Director of Hygiene with the at Edinburgh University and the University of Toronto. New Brunswick and completed his medical studies in Scotland This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Dr. J. Arthur Melanson was born in Shediac, Public HealthService New Brunswicker’sDistinguishedMilitaryand J. Melanson Arthur , Vol. 57,June1966 — health nurses in the community. Public Health financing of public health nurses in the Association. Ms. Miner published a series of articles on public 1959 to 1961 was president of the Saskatchewan Public Health of both her provincial and national nursing associations, and from health hazards, for mothers and the newborn. She was president health programs for the underprivileged, for workers exposed to psychologists and physiotherapists. She worked to establish public staff to include dental hygienists, nutritionists, speech therapists, prevention and supported the expansion of community health years involvement. At every opportunity, she promoted primary was a leader in the field of public health throughout her 35 CPHA HealthDigest Eleanore Louise Miner, of Regina, Saskatchewan, Prevention Promoting PublicHealthNursingandPrimary Miner Eleanore Louise , documenting the important contributions of public , Vol. 5,No.2,April1981 Canadian Journal of page 32 32 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — colleagues andhisownstudiesatthecloseof war. gangrene antiserumwassuccessfullymetthrough theworkofhis complex challenge.Similarly,thecallforapotent polyvalentgas of penicillinduringWorldWarII,whichwasan urgent and of ateamthatsuccessfullydevisedmethodsforthe preparation elucidated itsantigenicconstituents.Dr.Moloneywasalsoone toxoid, hedevelopedmethodsforitsassayandpurification “reaction test”fordiphtheriatoxoid.Instudieswithtetanus until 1955andcontributedtothedevelopmentofso-called possible inCanada.HewasAssistantDirectorofConnaught for ConnaughtLaboratoriesin1924,makingitsearlyuse was giventheresponsibilityofpreparingdiphtheriatoxoid research chemistintheConnaughtLaboratories.Dr.Moloney from theUniversityofTorontoandin1919,wasappointed This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Dr. PeterJ.MoloneyearnedanMAinChemistry Developer Distinguished Scientist,TeacherandVaccine Peter J. Moloney , Vol. 53,June1962 — Health Association. Canadian Tuberculosis Association and the Canadian Public Ambulance Association, the Victorian Order of Nurses and the and played a leading part in the organization of the St. John served as Director General of Public Health from 1899 until 1919 Superintendent of Quarantine Services of Canada in 1894. He worked to improve quarantine regulations and became General in this country from typhus fever and cholera, Dr. Montizambert Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Grosse Isle Quarantine Station. As thousands died Superintendent and later as Superintendent of in Quebec City and was appointed Assistant Dr. Frederick Montizambert was born in 1843 Montizambert Frederick , January1959 page 33 33 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — for sevenyears. Public HealthCommitteeoftheInternationalCouncil ofNurses served onmanycommitteesandheldthechairmanship ofthe division in1944,Ms.MoorewasappointedasDirector. She Health Nursing.WhenPublicNursingbecameaseparate the OntarioDivisionofMaternalandChildHealthPublic and in1931,wasappointedChiefPublicHealthNursewith worker withtheCanadianTuberculosisAssociationinOttawa of theOntarioDepartmentHealth.Shebecamefirstfield Civil Re-establishmentandtheDivisionofPreventableDiseases spent severalyearsasasocialservicenursewiththeSoldiers and sawserviceinFrance,Malta,SalonicaEngland.She Royal CanadianArmyMedicalCorpsforfouryearsduringWWI This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth nursing profession.Sheservedoverseaswiththe Edna Moorehadalongandvariedcareerinthe Distinguished LeaderintheNursingProfession Edna LenaMoore , Vol. 53,June1962 — occasions buteachtimehereturnedwithrenewed vigour. with tuberculosis,whichinterruptedhiscareeron anumberof Canada tousethevaccine.Dr.Mortonwagedapersonal battle Vaccine TrialprograminHalifax1954,thefirst areain child healthprogram.HesupervisedtheSalkPoliomyelitis development ofamentalhealthprogram,andmaternal the armedservicesofareaandafterwar,guided Morton servedasChairmanoftheMedicalCommitteefor assembly pointfortroopsduringWWII.Duringthewar,Dr. the early1940s,especiallyasHalifaxwasanembarkationand at DalhousieUniversity.Diphtheriawasaprimeconcernin an appointmentasAssociateProfessorofPreventiveMedicine Medical OfficerofHealthforHalifaxin1940andalsoaccepted Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Dr. AllanReidMortonbecamethefirstfull-time in Halifax Able andHardworkingDeveloperofPublicHealth Allan ReidMorton , Vol. 55,June1964 page 34 34 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — of prospective immigrants to be determined prior to embarking. Service was established, enabling the physical and mental status Due largely to his initiative the Overseas Immigration Medical department, Dr. Pagé was appointed Chief of these divisions. transfer of Immigration Medical and Quarantine Services to this creation of the federal Department of Health in 1919 and the the Immigration Hospital at the port of Quebec. With the Government as Medical Superintendent, and later Chief, of practised medicine for some years before joining the federal in 1861 and graduated in medicine from Laval University. He This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian PublicHealthJournal Dr. J.D. Pagé was born in St. Casimir, Quebec Services First Chief of Immigration Medical and Quarantine J.D. Pagé , Vol. 25,1934 — to theevolutionofCanada’svitalstatisticssystem. provinces, Mr.Pagebuiltconfidenceandunderstanding thatled of Diseases for the8 planning fiveCanadiancensusesandinlayingthegroundwork with distinctionuntilhisretirementin1974.Heparticipated Chief oftheVitalStatisticsSectionin1947—apositionheheld the NationalFamilyAllowancesProgram.Hewasappointed the provinces,NationalBirthIndex—thecornerstoneof and playedaleadingroleindeveloping,collaborationwith the StatisticsDepartmentofHealthandWelfareDivision River, Ontarioin1909.In1942,heacceptedanappointment Canadian JournalofPublicHealth th and9 . Throughdialogueandcommunicationwiththe Joseph HenryGilbertPagewasborninChalk in Canada Development ofVitalStatisticsandPublicHealth Page Joseph Gilbert Henry th Revisionofthe International Classification , Vol. 65,March/April1974 page 35 35 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Health Journal. Canada HealthJournal,DominionSanitaryMan 1892 underavarietyoftitles,including and editedbyEdwardPlayterappearedfromJuly 1874until health appointed inOntario.Thepublicjournalfounded reporting ofdeaths.Hewasonethefirst medicalofficers Ontario passedanimprovedstatutein1875concerningthe responsibility forgeneralhealth.Asaresultofhisefforts, Dr. Playterwasastrongproponentofgovernment’s Edward Playter This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Dictionary ofCanadianBiographyonline Sanitary Journal, , and Public Health Journal ( participation that the Association gained ownership of servingthe from 1910 to 1914. It was through his interest oneand offinancial CPHA’s charter members and its first honorary treasurer,provide sanatorium accommodation for needy patients. Heeverywhere was to organize local anti-tuberculosis societiesanti-tuberculosis and to movement, encouraging and inspiring laymenCanada. He was known from coast to coast as the leader inof Torontothe to devote himself to the control of tuberculosis in — Journal Canadian PublicHealthJournal ) and he assisted generously in its maintenance. In 1908, Dr. Porter left the practice he had established and CPHACharterMember Leader inAnti-TuberculosisMovementCanada George DanaPorter originally published as , Vol. 33,1942 The Public Health Canadian page 36 36 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — of the Ontario Ministry of Health. Hygiene, and Medical Director of the Laboratory Services Branch Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Director of the School of multiple editions. At various times he was Director of the Research definitive textbooks on virus diseases, both which went on through in cooperation with C.E. Van Rooyen, he authored two of the viruses. He had over 140 papers accepted for publication and cultivation of poliovirus in tissue culture and in studies of other of electron microscopy to virus identification, in the of microbiology, particularly virology. He led in the application This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth scientist for nearly four decades in his chosen field Born in 1911, Dr. Andrew Rhodes was a research Applied Electron Microscopy to Virus Identification Andrew J. Rhodes , Vol. 66,March/April1975 in vitro
— Office inGeneva. the HealthProtectionandPromotionDivisionat theWHOHead the WorldHealthOrganizationandsubsequently asDirectorof Dr. RochonalsoservedasDirectorofProgramManagement foundation fortheinternationally-recognizedreforminitiatives. Social ServicesfortheGovernmentofQuebec,whichlaid served aschairoftheCommissionInquiryintoHealthand of the32communityhealthdepartmentsinQuebec1973.He member oftheMacDonaldCommitteethatledtocreation he servedasadvisortotheCastonguayCommissionanda “father ofcommunityhealthinQuebec.”Intheearly1970s, and publichealth,Dr.JeanRochonwasknownbymanyasthe CPHA HealthDigest University andHarvardinlaw,medicine A graduateoftheUniversityMontreal,Laval Father ofCommunityHealthinQuebec Jean Rochon , 1994 page 37 37 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — providing services in Mexico, Indonesia, Hong King and elsewhere. less affluent countries and directed Project Concern Incorporated, became increasingly interested in the provision of health care to the petrochemical industry. After leaving political life, Dr. Ross programs of environmental protection, especially in relation to programs, developed services in occupational health, and initiated into the National Medicare Plan. He expanded preventive health Alberta Health Plan, which paved the way for Alberta’s entry Minister of Health. Dr. Ross was responsible for developing the candidate in the Alberta Legislature and for 12 years served as Chairman of the Board. In 1952, he was elected as a Social Credit Alcoholism Foundation of Alberta, and served as President and This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth British Columbia in 1911. In 1951, he founded the Dr. Joseph Donovan Ross was born at Waldo, Alberta MinisterofHealth Joseph Donovan Ross , Vol. 66,March/April1975 — with suchslogansas“Donotspit”and“Swatthe fly.” February. Hemadepublichealthsimpleandeasy tounderstand, November andDecember,typhoidduringJanuary against diphtheriainSeptemberandOctober,smallpoxduring sanatorium. Underthe“SeymourPlan,”doctorsimmunized its firstphysiciananddirector,chosethesitefor organized theSaskatchewanAnti-tuberculosisLeague,hired municipal hospitalsandfreetuberculintestingofcattle.He by draftingground-breakinglegislationformunicipaldoctors, Association. Hereactedquicklytolocalandprovincialneeds from 1905andin1906organizedtheSaskatchewanMedical University of Regina and Canadian Plains Research Centre, 2007 health inthenewprovinceofSaskatchewan Dr. MauriceM.Seymourwasinchargeofpublic Early PublicHealthLeaderinSaskatchewan MacdonaldSeymour Maurice page 38 38 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory —suite101.com first womantoreachthisrankintheCanadianarmy. the CWACdivisionin1942andpromotedtoColonel in1944,the and teletypeoperators.Ms.Smelliewasplacedin commandof and administrativetodriving,sail-making,assupplyassistants The CWACsperformedavarietyofwar-timeduties,fromclerical helped organizetheCanadianWomen’sArmyCorps(CWACs). Ms. SmellierejoinedtheCanadianarmyinWorldWarIIand expand theVictorianOrderofNursesacrossCanada.In1940, was appointedChiefSuperintendentshortlyafter,helpingto Corps. In1924,shejoinedtheVictorianOrderofNursesand Nursing SisterduringWWIwiththeRoyalCanadianMedical Training SchoolforNursesinBaltimore,shesignedupasa This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Arthur, Ontario.AfterattendingtheJohnsHopkins Elizabeth LaurieSmelliewasbornin1884Port Service toVONandFirstFemaleMilitaryColonel Elizabeth L. Smellie — any publicagencyinCanada. first comprehensiveaccidentpreventionprogram conductedby investigate correctionalpractice.In1952,Mr.Smith setupthe secretary ofaSaskatchewan-appointedRoyalCommissionto gave histimetotheJohnHowardSocietyandin1946,became venereal diseaseeducationprogramofitskindinCanada.He the earlyyearsofWorldWarII,hewasengagedinfirst tuberculosis, mentalhealth,andnarcoticdrugtraffic.During his newspaperdays,Mr.Smithwroteaseriesofarticleson Health EducationintheDepartmentofPublicHealth.During paper for21years.In1944,heacceptedthepostofDirector the staffofSaskatoonDailyStarandremainedwiththis Canadian JournalofPublicHealth moved toCanadain1910.In1922,hejoined Christian SmithwasborninAmsterdamand Journalist andSocialReformerinSaskatchewan Smith Christian , Vol. 57,June1966 page 39 39 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — chairman of CPHA’s Task Force on Fluoride. and contact tracing methods, and occupational health. He was disease, heart disease, family planning, epidemiology, reporting hypertension, smoking, alcohol, traffic accidents, venereal including rehabilitation, poliomyelitis, rabies, cancer, accidents, Health. Dr. Smith wrote over 30 publications on areas of concern of Epidemiology for Alberta Social Services and Community in the Sturgeon Health Unit and he went on to be the Director service began in Alberta in 1953 as Medical Officer of Health fellowships at universities in Canada and abroad. His public health Dr. Edward Stuart Orford Smith earned 11 academic degrees and Years ofServicetoPublicHealthinAlberta E.S.O. Smith This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest , Vol.2,No.3,June1978 — of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University in 1946 and later Dean epidemiology, he was appointed Professor of Epidemiology in the Commander. After postgraduate training in public health and in the Canadian Armed Forces, retiring with the rank of Wing from early 1940 to mid-1945, pursued aviation research activities in the first program of research in aviation medicine in Canada and under the chairmanship of Sir Frederick Banting. He was involved on Medical Research of the National Research Council in Ottawa, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Associate Committee Island. Following graduation as Gold Medalist in Medicine in 1938, Canadian JournalofPublicHealth Chester Bryant Stewart was born in Prince Edward Dalhousie University Researcher, AdministratorandDeanofMedicine, Chester B. Stewart , Vol. 67,May/June1976 page 40 40 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — of Public Health Inspectors. founding member of the Atlantic Branch of the Canadian Institute Labrador Branch of CPHA and became its first president. He was a Committee leading to the formation of the Newfoundland and Emergency Health Services. In 1967, he chaired the Steering retired from government service in 1981, he was Director of receive a certificate in public health inspection. When Mr. Strong Newfoundland. In 1949, he was the first Newfoundlander to in his 27-year tenure as Provincial Chief Health Inspector in This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory CPHA HealthDigest outstanding public servant and community leader Douglas Anderson Strong was said to be an Chief PublicHealthInspectorforNewfoundland Douglas A. Strong , 1993 — appointed Lieutenant Governor in 1948. Saskatchewan became a leader in cancer control. Dr. Uhrich was an increase in rural hospitals, in medical and health services, and tuberculosis mortality rate in the Dominion. As well, there was administration, with the result that Saskatchewan had the lowest treatment of all who had tuberculosis was introduced under his the province, in spite of pressing economic concerns. Free was marked by a great expansion of health services throughout almost 20 years under Dr. Uhrich’s direction, public health work appointed Minister of Public Works and Public Health. For Minister in Charge of the Bureau of Public Health. He was later Provincial Legislature and appointed Provincial Secretary and Canadian PublicHealthJournal in Saskatchewan. In 1921, he was elected to the Dr. Uhrich was the first Minister of Public Health First SaskatchewanMinisterofPublicHealth John M. Uhrich , Vol. 31,1940 page 41 41 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — the improved clinical uses of modern antibiotics in the area. laboratory in the Atlantic Region and was responsible for many of in the Yarmouth area of Nova Scotia. He developed the first virus Canada and directed the first trial of Sabin Poliomyelitis Vaccine Public Health. He was a leader in the fight against poliomyelitis in the Division of Public Health Laboratories at the Department of of Bacteriology at Dalhousie Medical School, and Director of and in 1956 was appointed Professor and Head of the Department Dr. Sabin and Dr. Paul of Yale University. He moved to Canada work on poliomyelitis led to the development of polio-vaccine by in Egypt on This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth smallpox, Ceylon and received numerous honours for his work Dr. Clennel Evelyn van Rooyen was born in 1907 in Pioneer intheDevelopmentofPolioVaccine Clennel E. van Rooyen typhus, plague, and , Vol. 67,May/June1976 poliomyelitis. His early — Statistics. officers. Dr.WarwickalsoservedasRegistrarGeneral ofVital physicians withspecialtrainingintuberculosisas districthealth provision ofadditionalhospitalsandbytheappointment the controloftuberculosisweregreatlystrengthenedby Medical inspectionofschoolswasprovidedandtheeffortsfor districts, eachunderthedirectionofafull-timemedicalofficer. health, whichledtothesubdivisionofprovinceinto10health Under hisleadership,therewasincreasedsupportforpublic Warwick becameChiefMedicalOfficerfortheprovincein1932. in federalhealthworkandserviceFranceduringWWI.Dr. New Brunswickin1920afterextensivepublichealthexperience Canadian PublicHealthJournal William Warwick Dr. WarwickjoinedtheDepartmentofHealthin Brunswick Developed PublicHealthDepartmentofNew , Vol. 33,1942 page 42 42 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — Public Health Inspector until her retirement in the mid 1980s. Peel Public Health in Brampton, Ontario where she worked as a of Etobicoke Department of Health. Ms. Whelan later moved to stores, beauty parlours and restaurants, working for the Township a career as a SI. Ms. Whelan began with the inspection of food professionals at Connaught, which raised her interest in pursuing immunization research. She encountered many public health Research Laboratories, doing technical work on antibiotic and worked in the Bacteriology Department at Connaught Medical female Sanitary Inspector (SI) in Ontario. She originally This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Dennis Persaud,PublicHealthInspector,Peel Health Buffalo, New York and became the first qualified Margaret Isobel Whelan was born in 1919 in First FemaleSanitaryInspectorinOntario Margaret Isobel Whelan —Klaus Seeger program. America, Britain and Europe subsequently copied this successful to the best maintained can and a number of other cities in North large numbers of houseflies. The Award was presented weekly garbage cans in order to reduce the health hazards related to “Golden Garbage Can Award” to encourage citizens to clean their eggs to enlarge the population. Whittaker also created the the male mosquito, the female would not be able to lay fertilized male mosquito to enter a fog of poisonous spray. By eliminating Ontario developed a recording of female mosquitoes to lure the In 1961, Norton Whittaker, a health inspector in Pembroke, Health InspectorDevelopedCreativeCommunitySolutions Norton Whittaker page 43 43 PROFILES
PROFILESThis isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory — in Newfoundland. requested by the Canadian Red Cross to serve as its Commissioner training. In 1940, Ms. Wilson was given a leave when she was education, and arranged for the first dental hygienists to receive smallpox vaccination, developed the school health program, health children. Ms. Wilson inaugurated clinics for immunization and health and evolved a project for the treatment of handicapped Junior Red Cross as an in-school aid for the development of better 1922, Ms. Wilson was the Chief Red Cross Nurse. She organized the health program. When PEI’s Department of Health was formed in became the moving spirit behind the development of its public Albania. She then set off for Canada’s smallest province where she volunteered for duty in WWI in France, Siberia, Montenegro and After Mona Gordon Wilson took her nurse’s training, she Dedicated NurseandPioneerinPEIHealth Mona Gordon Wilson This isPublic Health: ACanadianHistory Canadian JournalofPublicHealth , Vol. 51,July1960 — of gratitudetohimforhisinterestandsupport. Canadian NationalCommitteeforMentalHygiene alloweadebt the CanadianWelfareCouncil,HealthLeague ofCanada,the service inCanada.ItissaidthattheVictorianOrder ofNurses, Saanich in1921anddirectedthefirstpublichealthnursing Dr. YoungorganizedthefirstcountyhealthunitinCanadaat province toprovideasystemofschoolmedicalinspection. his keeninterestineducation,BritishColumbiawasthefirst of HealthandRegistrarGeneralVitalStatistics.Because Dr. Youngandin1916hewasappointedSecretaryoftheBoard developing ProvincialBoardofHealthclaimedtheinterest Minister ofEducationandProvincialSecretary.Therapidly the LegislatureofBritishColumbiain1906andwasappointed As DeanofCanadianofficershealth,Dr. H.E.Youngentered United States Effective LeadershipinPublicHealthBC,Canadaandthe H.E. Young Canadian PublicHealthJournal , Vol.29,1938 page 44 44