MS BANTING (FREDERICK GRANT, SIR) PAPERS COLL Papers 76 Chronology Correspondence, research notes and papers, articles, speeches, travel journals, drawings, and sketches, photographs, clippings, and other memorabilia, awards and prizes. Includes some papers from his widow Henrietta Banting (d. 1976). 1908-1976. Extent: 63 boxes (approx. 8 metres) Part of the collection was deposited in the Library in 1957 by the “Committee concerned with the Banting Memorabilia”, which had been set up after the death of Banting in 1941. These materials included papers from Banting’s office. At the same time the books found in his office (largely scientific and medical texts and journals) were also deposited in the University Library. These now form a separate collection in the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library. The remainder of the collection was bequeathed to the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library by Banting’s widow, Dr. Henrietta Banting, in 1976. This part of the collection included materials collected by Henrietta Banting for her projected biography of F.G. Banting, as well as correspondence and memorabilia relating to her won career. Researchers who wish to publish extensively from previously unpublished material from this collection should discuss the question of literary rights with: Mrs. Nancy Banting 12420 Blackstock Street Maple Ridge, British Columbia V2X 5N6 (1989) Indicates a letter of application addressed to the Director, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, is needed due to fragility of originals or confidential nature of documents. 1 MS BANTING (FREDERICK GRANT, SIR) PAPERS COLL Papers 76 Chronology 1891 FGB born in Alliston, Ont. To Margaret (Grant) and William Thompson Banting. 1910 Graduated from Alliston High School 1910-1912 Attended Victoria College, training for the ministry. Left at Easter, 1912. 1912-1916 Attended University of Toronto’s Medical School. 1915 Feb. Joined Canadian Army Medical Corps. Obtained leave to finish medical training. 1916 Dec. M.B. granted. Reported for military duty Engaged to Edith Roach (possibly early 1917) 1917 Mar. Sailed from Halifax to Britain. May Posted to Granville Canadian Special Hospital (Orthopedic), Ramsgate, Kent. Worked under C.L. Starr. Hospital later moved to Buxton, Derbyshire. 1918 Began studying for fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons. Passed exams for Royal College certification June Sent to France. No. 3 Canadian General Hospital, then No. 13 Canadian Field Ambulance in Amiens-Arras sector. Aug. Posted as medical officer to the 44 th Battalion, 4 th Division. Sept. Working in front lines at Arras, then Cambrai. Wounded in arm at Cambrai. Sept. 27 Recommended for and warded an M.C. for valour. Evacuated to England. Recuperated in hospital at Manchester Dec. Resumed duties at Granville Canadian Special Hospital. July Moved to London and set up in practice on his own. Oct. Demonstrator at University of Western Ontario Medical School. Research assistant to F. R. Miller. Oct. 30 Read article on pancreas by Moses Barron in Journal of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics (Oct. 1920). Nov. 6 First approached J.J.R. Macleod, Head of the Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto, with request for lab space and assistance in carrying out experiments to isolate pancreatic extract and discover if such extract could arrest diabetes. 1921 April Resigned from London Practise. Came to Toronto. 2 MS BANTING (FREDERICK GRANT, SIR) PAPERS COLL Papers 76 Chronology May 17 Began experiments in space lent by Macleod, with assistance of Charles Best, just graduated with a B.A. from Physiology and Biochemistry. July 30 First breakthrough with diabetic dog (no.410) responding to injection of extract made from degenerated pancreas Aug. 14 Produced first case of hypoglycemia in diabetic dog (Dog no. 92). Sept. Appointed “special lecturer” in Dept. of Pharmacology under V. Henderson Nov.-Dec. Continued experiments using pancreas from foetal calves, then using beef pancreas By the end of year engagement to Edith Roach broken off. 1921 Nov. 14 FGB and C. Best delivered first paper on their discovery to the Journal Club of the Dept. of Physiology. Published as “The internal secretion of the pancreas”, by F.G. Banting and C.H. Best, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine Nov. 18 Depancreatized dog “Marjorie” (test dog 33) Dec. FGB and C. Best administered insulin to each other by injection Dec. 11 Successful treatment of depancreatized dog 35 using extract from its own pancreas and alcohol. Proved that extract could be madeusing alcohol and whole adult pancreas. No need for degenerated or foetal pancreas. Dec. ? J.B. Collip joined the group under Macleod working on the purification of the extract. Began testing potency of extract using normal rabbits. Also working on depancreatized dogs. Dec. 20 Banting and Best administered extract to Joe Gilchrist, classmate of banting’s who was diabetic. No beneficial result. Dec. 30 Banting delivered paper: “The beneficial influences of certain pancreatic extracts on pancreatic diabetes” to session of the annual conference of the American Physiological Society held at Yale University. Macleod chaired meeting. Paper published as “The internal secretion of the pancreas”, by F.G. Banting, C.H. Best, and J.J.R. Macleod, in American Journal of Physiology , 59 (1922). 1922 Jan. Banting, Best, Collip and others working on refining the pancreatic extract under J.J. Macleod, using equipment and resources of Connaught Laboratories. 1922 Jan. 11 First clinical test of extract on hospitalized patient. Pancreatic extract prepared by Banting and Best administered to Leonard Thompson, diabetic boy in Toronto General Hospital. Clinical test under direction of W.R. Campbell and R.R. Fletcher. Unsuccessful. 3 MS BANTING (FREDERICK GRANT, SIR) PAPERS COLL Papers 76 Chronology Jan. 17 Collip succeeded in producing a purified extract. Jan. 23 First successful clinical test. Collip’s extract administered to Leonard Thompson by Walter Campbell. Blood sugar dropped. Treatment continued and Thompson recovered. Jan 27. Dog “Marjorie” chloroformed. She had lived for 70 days after her pancreatomy. Feb. Clinical texts continued. 6 patients treated in Campbell’s and A.A. Fletcher’s clinic. Feb. 7 Banting and Best read a paper to the Toronto Academy of Medicine. Published in the Academy’s bulletin as “The Internal Secretion of the Pancreas”, by F.C. Banting and C.H. Best. Feb. Collip directing large-scale insulin manufacture using resources of Connaught Anti-Toxin Laboratories. Mar. Method of producing insulin failed. Collip, Best and others working throughout spring to regain procedures. Insulin famine for those who had been receiving it. Macleod discussing collaboration on manufacture in Clowes of Eli Lilly Laboratory. April Death of diabetic child in T.G.H. due to lack of insulin Patent taken out on process under names of Best and Collip and then immediately assigned to the Board of Governors of University of Toronto. 1922 April Dr. G.H.A. Clowes of the Eli Lilly Company offered the resources of that company for the large scale production of insulin. Clinical research unit to test insulin on diabetic patients at Christie St. Veterans’ Hospital was set up under the direction of J.A. Gilchrist. May Second joint paper by FGB and C. Best published: “Pancreatic extracts”, Journal of Labaoratory and Clinical Medicine, 7, 8 (May 1922) FGB, C. Best, J.B. Collip, J.J.R. Macleod, and others of research team presented papers at the meetings of the Royal Society of Canada held in Ottawa. Papers published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada , Series 3, 16, Section 5 (1922). 4 MS BANTING (FREDERICK GRANT, SIR) PAPERS COLL Papers 76 Chronology May 3 J.J.R. Macleod presented paper on insulin at the Association of American Physicians at Washington. Published as “The effect produced”, by F.G. Banting, C.H. Best, J.B. Collip, W.R. Campbell, A.A. Fletcher, J.J.R. Macleod, E.C. Noble, Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 37 (1922). Following a period from Feb. to May, when little insulin was available due to the difficulties of transferring a small scale process to a large scale operation, C. Best, in mid May, succeeded in discovering a method for obtaining large quantities of purified extract. Best had been made director of insulin production at the Connaught Laboratories by the end of this period. Spring C. Best granted his M.A. in physiology. Summer FGB had opened a private practice at 160 Bloor St. W. with Dr. F. Hipwell. July 3. Eli Lilly lab. sent first shipment of insulin. July 10 treated Teddy Ryder , received first injection of insulin. 1922 Aug. 15 First treatment of Elizabeth Hughes. late Aug. FGB had begun treating diabetic children with insulin at Sick Children’s Hospital under D.E. Robertson. Sept. FGB began treating patients at the Diabetic Clinic at the Toronto General Hospital which had been set up under the direction of Dr. Duncan Graham. FGB given appointment “Senior Demonstrator” in Faculty of Medicine, U. of T., to satisfy regulations. C. Best enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine, U of T. Oct. Reeve prize for medical research awarded FGB and Best First honour received. 1923 June Appointed to staff of Sick Children’s Hospital. Canadian Parliament voted FGB a life long annuity of $7500. July Appointed first professor of the new Banting and Best Chair of Medical Research at U of T, established by the Government of Ontario. Resigned from TGH staff, but retained an honorary post as Consultant in Medicine at TGH. Travelled to London to attend the British Medical Association Congress. Attended International Physiological Society . Travelled abroad during rest of summer. Aug. Opened the Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto. Oct. 25 FGB and J.J.R. Macleod announced as Nobel Prize winners. 1924 June FGB married Marion Robertson. July Cruise through the Carribean to attend International Conference on Health Problems in Tropical America at Kingston, Jamaica.