Quick viewing(Text Mode)

Sugar Syrup: the New Energy Feed for Poultry

Sugar Syrup: the New Energy Feed for Poultry

Particulars T able 1 - Energy availability of starch and sugarEnergyavailabilitystarchand - of 1 able

nutrition

GE GE (kcal/kg) 3960 3760 as starch. are chains are Oligosaccharides starch. as with the same to glucose disaccharide a is milk. in found is ) + (glucose . to bonded glucose of molecule a is which sucrose, is plants in disaccharide abundant most The plants. in found commonly most simple the are fructose and Glucose contents. cell the in found are and NDF in included not are they because (NSC) non-structural as well as (NFC) drates are non-neutral detergent fibre carbohySugars ethanol. 80% in their by mono-saccharides) of chains (long from separated are carbohydrates These oligosaccharides. and disaccharides sugars), (simple rate. inclusion low a at asa binder, dust reducer and sweetener used often is it although considered, not was feed animal in source energy an as of use the recently Until molasses. of digestibility the depresses which polysaccharides, and glue like substances, organic the to bound and caramelised is the stages boiling multiple its of Because ash. 20% than more and sugar 48% with viscous highly is Molasses Syrup. Sugar AKS called sugar 70% with molasses quality high a of production began company the defined were parameters process the Once ingredient. feed suitable a it make to molasses of quality the improving of possibility the company’sdevelopment team examined The technology. new this adopt to manufacturers feed encouraging is poultry feed producers. Itsto qualityprice affordable an at syrup sugar assurance supplying is world, the in producers I poultry for energyfeed new the Sugarsyrup: By Dr P.Dr By John, KunjuGeorge feed. poultry for energysource effective and economical an be to found been has syrup sugarrising, grainsis of cost the where East Middle the In Sugarsare defined as mono-saccharides Co. Dubai, one of the largest sugar largest the of one Dubai, Co. Sugar Khleej Al increasing, is grains of cost the where East Middle the n

ME ME (kcal/kg) 3900 2918-3396

Metabolisability (%) Metabolisability Al Khaleej Sugar Co, Dubai, United Arab Emirates ArabUnited Dubai, Co, Sugar Khaleej Al 98 78-90 WORLD POULTRY α -linkage

-

- Vol. 24 No 2. 2008 www.WorldPoultry.net by mammalian . mammalian by oligosaccharides,sugars are digestible of exception the With content. generallyhave a large not do Plants soybeans. in found and include They long. units twenty approx. to two are that of Glucose+Fructose Lysine (%) (%) Sodium (%) Potassium (%) Magnesium (%) Phosphorous Starch (%) ADF (%) NDF (%) Ash (%) Fat (%) Fibre (%) Protein Crude (%) Dry matter (%) Particulars Calcium (%) Calcium MJ/kg Met.Energy (%) Sugars and sugarsyrup and T able 2 - Comparison analysis of corn ofComparison analysis - 2 able

Corn Corn 89 75 14.5 13 0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 2.6 2.5 0.8 0.1 4.1 9.6 0 1.5

Sugar syrup 65 80 70 14 0.1 0.85 0.17 0.2 0 0 0 0.02 0.92 6 0.2 4.6 0

12

proventriculus gizzard. The of digestion The gizzard. proventriculus and crop the in demonstrated been has some The saliva and crop of the chicken contain poultry in Sugardigestion . during consumed largely fructose or sucrose as they will have beenglucose, remaining little have should grains brewers or grains distillers silages, including feeds Fermented source material can lead to great variation.and methods processing the However, content. sugar high a have to tend hulls almond and pulp, citrus waste, bakery molasses, as such feeds By- polysaccharides. storage to converted been has it of most because sugar little very contain may oats, or corn as such grains, Mature greatly. vary Fat Protein T able 3 - 3 able

α -,but little starch digestion he feed:egg relationshipfeed:egg The

Feed Feed (105 g) 18 63 6

feedstuffs can feedstuffs

content of content The sugar The Egg Egg (52 g) 18 1.5 14

Advantages of sugar syrup in Table 4 - Carbohydrate digestion in poultry feed GI Tract Region (or secretion) Substrate End Product pH • Increases the palatability of feed Mouth Saliva Lubricates and softens • Improves dry matter digestibility Amylase (ptyalin) Starch Dextrin Glucose • Reduces dustiness of feed Crop Mucus Lubricates and softens food 4.5 Stomach HCI Lower stomach pH 2.5 • Inhibits mould formation on feed Duodenum Amylase (amylopsin) Starch Dextrin Maltose Glucose 6.0 to 6.8 • Stops insect infestation during storage Jejunum Maltase Glucose Glucose 5.8 to 6.6 • Used as a binder for feed pelleting Isomaltase Isomaltase Glucose Fructose • Increases energy density of the ration Sucrose Glucose Galactose Lactose • Masks less palatable ingredients Ceca Microbial activity , Polysaccharides, Volatile fatty acids, 5.7 to 6.9 • Substitutes grain in feed formula (limited) , Sugars Vitamin K, B Vitamins • Sugar syrup is free of aflatoxin Source: (S. Leeson and A.K. Zubair) • Decreases the viscosity of digesta in gut. most carbohydrates (poly saccharides) calculations. Today, nutritionists specify including starch and some fibre compo- into monosaccharides and their 2 kg feed for 1 kg meat and 4 kg feed nents are subsequently degraded to subsequent absorption take place in for 1 dozen eggs (Table 3). Most poultry simple sugars that are absorbed in the small intestine. Alpha-amylase is rations contain around 60% grain. Out the jejunum (Table 4). Alpha amylase secreted from the pancreas into the of 2900 kcal ME, 2000 kcals come from from duodenum hydrolyses the 1.2’ duodenum and this hydrolyses the 1,4’ grain or starch. Therefore, glucose is α-linkages on both sides of the 1.6’ α-linkages on both sides of the 1,6’ a vital in the ration. branching points of the starch molecule, branching points in starch, producing It is observed that around 63 g carbo- producing mainly maltose and some mainly maltose and some branched hydrate, particularly starch, is fed to a branched oligosaccharides. Maltose oligosaccharides (). The enzyme laying hen per day (252 kcals). However and other disaccharides are subsequently maltase, also called α-glucosidase, splits the egg contains only 1.5 g carbohydrate, degraded to monosaccharides that are maltose while oligo- 1,6’-glucosidase whilst 6 g fat is fed and 14 g fed is potentially absorbed. About 65% of (isomaltase) produced by the intestinal secreted in the egg. This shows that starch is digested in the duodenum, mucosa hydrolyses the branched glucose is largely oxidised for liponeo- while starch disappearance is as high oligosaccharides into glucose. The genesis and oxidative energy. The as 97% at the terminal ileum. There is brush border membrane of the jejunum feeding of oil can reduce liponeogenesis; considerable variance in reported values contains other that however, the requirement of oxidative for amylase activity in the duodenum complete the digestion of complex energy is very high for egg synthesis. and jejunum, although there is good dietary polysaccharides into mono- The bottom line is that birds require evidence for a significant increase in saccharides. Sucrose is hydrolysed significant levels of glucose in the diet. enzyme production as the bird gets by sucrase into glucose and fructose, The supply of glucose in the form of older. while lactase converts any lactose sugar syrup would certainly alleviate The feeding of grain has an effect into glucose and galactose. the digestive load, making it more on the viscosity of the gut. Most studies Sugars have been accepted as better efficient in energy conversion. have reported that a reduction in energy donors than starch in the Research data supports that plasma digesta viscosity is associated with animal system. The greatest maltase glucose controls feed intake in poultry. improved performance. It has also activity occurs in the jejunum, followed Therefore, dietary glucose has a vital been suggested that it is the viscosity by the ileum, while the lowest value role in poultry nutrition. There is a of the arabinoxylans that impart their was seen in the duodenum. It is seen trend to add fatty acids to poultry rations anti-nutritional activities, manifested that the metabolisability of sucrose is to increase ME. The fat deposition by depressed nutrient absorption and significantly higher than starch (Table 1). increases the body weight of chickens. poor growth in poultry. It is thought Sugar syrup is a rich energy feed that Practical type diets containing a high that the highly viscous digesta from could be well incorporated into feeds. concentration of corn are very effective wheat, barley and oat-based diets inhibit Since its energy value is equal to corn in improving the available carbohydrate the access of the digested to it could be an economical substitute in status of very young poults. There is the gut epithelial cells. The incorporation poultry feeds (Table 2). This could bring only minimal amylase activity in the of sugar syrup in the ration may a change in poultry feed formulations saliva and crop, so most carbohydrates alleviate the gut viscosity problem. ■ because sugar syrup contains no indi- gestible material and is therefore an instant energy feed. It also adds aroma and palatability to the feed. Since the syrup contributes energy without the addition of , the formation of cholesterol in egg and meat could be minimised. Even though sucrose is considered a food additive for humans, sugar syrup could be used as a major feed item for poultry. Glucose in chickens Chickens need glucose for tissue multi- plication, egg production and maintenance. Instead of glucose, metabolisible energy (ME) was used in nutritional requirement

WORLD POULTRY - Vol. 24 No 2. 2008 www.WorldPoultry.net 13

Top View