Turkey's Engagement with Modernity, Edited by Celia J
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Turkey’s Engagement with Modernity Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century Edited by Celia Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins St Antony’s Series General Editor: Jan Zielonka (2004–), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford Recent titles include: Celia Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins TURKEY’S ENGAGEMENT WITH MODERNITY Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century Paradorn Rangsimaporn RUSSIA AS AN ASPIRING GREAT POWER IN EAST ASIA Perceptions and Policies from Yeltsin to Putin Motti Golani THE END OF THE BRITISH MANDATE FOR PALESTINE, 1948 The Diary of Sir Henry Gurney Demetra Tzanaki WOMEN AND NATIONALISM IN THE MAKING OF MODERN GREECE The Founding of the Kingdom of the Greco-Turkish War Simone Bunse SMALL STATES AND EU GOVERNANCE Leadership through the Council Presidency Judith Marquand DEVELOPMENT AID IN RUSSIA Lessons from Siberia Li-Chen Sim THE RISE AND FALL OF PRIVATIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY Stefania Bernini FAMILY LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL WELFARE IN POSTWAR EUROPE Britain and Italy Compared Tomila V. Lankina, Anneke Hudalla and Helmut Wollman LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Comparing Performance in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Russia Cathy Gormley-Heenan POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS Role, Capacity and Effect Lori Plotkin Boghardt KUWAIT AMID WAR, PEACE AND REVOLUTION Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Taiwan eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-01 eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect Taiwan - licensed to www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright Paul Chaisty LEGISLATIVE POLITICS AND ECONOMIC POWER IN RUSSIA Valpy FitzGerald, Frances Stewart and Rajesh Venugopal (editors) GLOBALIZATION, VIOLENT CONFLICT AND SELF-DETERMINATION Miwao Matsumoto TECHNOLOGY GATEKEEPERS FOR WAR AND PEACE The British Ship Revolution and Japanese Industrialization 10.1057/9780230277397 - Turkey's Engagement with Modernity, Edited by Celia J. Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins 9780230_233140_01_prexxii.indd i 12/28/2009 8:35:57 AM Håkan Thörn ANTI-APARTHEID AND THE EMERGENCE OF A GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Lotte Hughes MOVING THE MAASAI A Colonial Misadventure Fiona Macaulay GENDER POLITICS IN BRAZIL AND CHILE The Role of Parties in National and Local Policymaking Stephen Whitefield (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND POST-COMMUNISM José Esteban Castro WATER, POWER AND CITIZENSHIP Social Struggle in the Basin of Mexico Valpy FitzGerald and Rosemary Thorp (editors) ECONOMIC DOCTRINES IN LATIN AMERICA Origins, Embedding and Evolution Victoria D. Alexander and Marilyn Rueschemeyer ART AND THE STATE The Visual Arts in Comparative Perspective Ailish Johnson EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES AND SUPRANATIONAL GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL POLICY Archie Brown (editor) THE DEMISE OF MARXISM-LENINISM IN RUSSIA Thomas Boghardt SPIES OF THE KAISER German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era Ulf Schmidt JUSTICE AT NUREMBERG Leo Alexander and the Nazi Doctors’ Trial Steve Tsang (editor) PEACE AND SECURITY ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT James H.S. Milner REFUGEES, THE STATE AND THE POLITICS OF ASYLUM IN AFRICA St Antony’s Series - 2011-03-01 eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect Taiwan - licensed to www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–333–71109–5 (hardback) 978–0–333–80341–7 (paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. 10.1057/9780230277397 - Turkey's Engagement with Modernity, Edited by Celia J. Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins 9780230_233140_01_prexxii.indd ii 12/28/2009 8:35:57 AM Turkey’s Engagement with Modernity Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century Edited by Celia Kerslake University Lecturer in Turkish and Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford University, UK Kerem Öktem Research Fellow, St Antony’s College, Oxford University, UK Philip Robins University Lecturer in Middle East Politics and Faculty Fellow, St Antony’s College, Oxford University, UK Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Taiwan eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-01 eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect Taiwan - licensed to www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright In association with St Antony’s College, Oxford 10.1057/9780230277397 - Turkey's Engagement with Modernity, Edited by Celia J. Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins 9780230_233140_01_prexxii.indd iii 12/28/2009 8:35:57 AM Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Celia Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins 2010 All other chapters © respective authors 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978–0–230–23314–0 hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Printed and bound in Great Britain by - 2011-03-01 eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect Taiwan - licensed to www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne 10.1057/9780230277397 - Turkey's Engagement with Modernity, Edited by Celia J. Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins 9780230_233140_01_prexxii.indd iv 12/28/2009 8:35:57 AM Contents List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Notes on Orthography and Pronunciation x Acknowledgements xi Editors’ Preface xii Synopsis xiv Tensions of Modernity: Looking Back to a Century of Nationalism Kerem Öktem Notes on Contributors xvii Introduction: Atatürk and Kemalism throughout the Twentieth Century 1 Andrew Mango Part I The State, Its Politics and International Relations Nation Building and Its Challenges 1 The Ottoman Educational Legacy 15 Benjamin C. Fortna 2 Genç Kalemler and Turkish Nationalism 27 Murat Belge 3 Nation Building and Feminism in Early Republican Turkey 38 Yes¸im Arat Islam, the Military and the State 4 The Importance of Being Secular: Islam in the Service of the National and Pre-National State 55 Erik-Jan Zürcher Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Taiwan eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-01 eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect Taiwan - licensed to www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 5 Transformation of Sufi-Based Communities in Modern Turkey: The Naks¸ibendis, the Nurcus, and the Gülen Community 69 Elizabeth Özdalga 6 Military and Politics in Turkey 92 Feroz Ahmad v 10.1057/9780230277397 - Turkey's Engagement with Modernity, Edited by Celia J. Kerslake, Kerem Öktem and Philip Robins 9780230_233140_01_prexxii.indd v 12/28/2009 8:35:57 AM vi Contents Institutions and Public Policy 7 The Turkish Grand National Assembly: New Challenges and Old Problems 119 Ersin Kalaycıog˘lu 8 University Governance in Turkey 142 . Ilter Turan 9 Opportunities, Freedoms and Restrictions: Women and Employment in Turkey 165 Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat 10 Poverty, Social Policy and Modernity in Turkey 190 Sencer Ayata 11 Forgotten Campaigns: A History of Disease in Turkey 210 Halis Akder Turkey as International Actor 12 Turkey and the Great Powers 239 Henri J. Barkey 13 The Evolution of Turkish National Security Strategy 258 Ian Lesser 14 Turkey’s Engagement with Europe: A History of Mutual Management 277 Nuri Yurdusev Part II Society and Culture in Flux The Republic in Culture and Arts 15 “Westernisation against the West”: Cultural Politics in the Early Turkish Republic 305 Orhan Koçak 16 The Turkish Novel: From Model of Modernity to Puzzle of Postmodernity 323 Nüket Esen 17 The Turkish Music Reform: From Late Ottoman Times to Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Taiwan eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-01 eBook Consortium - PalgraveConnect Taiwan - licensed to www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright the Early Republic 336 Emre Aracı Media and Popular Culture 18 Fashioning the Turkish Body