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Page 1 Openlearnworks Unit 16: Scots Abroad Bbyy Bbillllyy Kkaayy OpenLearn Works Unit 16: Scots abroad by Billy Kay Copyright © 2019 The Open University 2 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 Contents Introduction 4 16. Introductory handsel 5 16.1 Two stories of Scots language taken abroad 8 16.2 Scots in Scandinavia 11 16.3 Scots in Mainland Europe 15 16.4 Scots in North America 19 16.5 Scots in the Southern Hemisphere 24 16.6 What I have learned 27 Further research 28 References 29 Acknowledgements 29 Appendices 30 3 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 Introduction Introduction For centuries before the modern linguistic tension between Scots and English developed, Scots was simply the mother tongue of the vast majority of Scots who lived outside the Gaidhealtachd, the area of Scotland – mainly the Scottish Highlands and Islands – in which Scottish Gaelic was the vernacular speech. Scots was also the langage of Scottis natioun in which their laws, literature and history were written. As such, people who spoke Scots took it wherever they went throughout their lives. This unit will give you examples from all across the world – but I am sure there are many more awaiting rediscovery in aw the airts the wind blew the Scots in the 19th century. In this unit, I, Billy Kay give a personal account of examples of Scots language abroad, which I have come across on my travels and in my research. When studying the unit, you will be introduced to examples for how Scottish people took the Scots language abroad, the different forms in which Scots language had an influence abroad, and what impact the use of Scots by emigrants in exile had on the Scots language as a whole. You will learn that the Scots language was key to many exile communities’ sense of identity and belonging. This unit will also provide examples of Scots language abroad in different parts of the world and highlight that the Scots language was shaped by other languages, examples of which can be seen in many contexts today. Important details to take notes on throughout this section: ● how links with Scandinavia have influenced the Scots language ● the ties of Scots with countries across Europe ● the lasting impact of the Scots language on North America and Canada as well as the Southern Hemisphere ● how Scots abroad was shaped by other languages ● the role of song and poetry and carrying Scots around the globe. Activity 1 Before commencing your study of this unit, you may wish to jot down some thoughts on the important details we suggest you take notes on throughout this unit. You could write down what you already know about each of these points, as well as any assumption or question you might have. When going through this unit, it might be particularly useful to compile a list of Scots words to ‘take away’ from this unit, as these are often still in use and show Scots’ close links with other languages, which strongly underlines the nature of Scots as a language in its own right. Provide your answer... 4 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 16. Introductory handsel 16. Introductory handsel A Scots word and example sentence to learn: Thrang Definition: Of persons, or a group of persons: Pressed closely against each other; crammed tightly together. ○ Example sentence: “The city streets wir far ower thrang wi fokk.” ○ English translation: “The city streets were far too full of people.” Activity 2 Click to hear the sentence above read by a Scots speaker. You can then make your own recording and play it back to check your pronunciation. Voice Recorder is not available in this format. Go to the Dictionary of the Scots Language for a full definition of the word Related word: Stravaig Definition: 1. intr. To roam, wander idly, gad about in an aimless casual manner ○ Example sentence: “Byde hame an clean yer room – nane ae this gaun stravaigin aboot toon…” ○ English translation: “Stay at home and tidy your room – none of this moseying around in town..” 5 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 16. Introductory handsel Activity 3 Click to hear the sentence above read by a Scots speaker. You can then make your own recording and play it back to check your pronunciation. Voice Recorder is not available in this format. Go to the Dictionary of the Scots Language for a full definition of the word Language Links Yelp's Gallery of Glasgow launch party @ Stravaigin! You might have come across the well-known Glasgow restaurant Stravaigin, wondered why the restaurant advertises international food nights as its specific feature and has the motto ‘Wandering since 1994’. Well, the restaurant’s name gives us a clue as it is related to the Old Scots verb vage – to wander, or roam. You can find other forms of stravaig in stravag(e), stravague, -vaeg-, -vayg-, -veig, -vaug-; strayvagg-, streveg; stravog – all meaning to roam or wander idly, to traverse and 6 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 16. Introductory handsel importantly going beyond the usual bounds. Straviag is linked to the Latin language where you can find the noun vagary, which is much more recent and may be a reduced form of vaigabone – the noun we all know ‘vagabond’. And you will come across the word in the French language where it is vaguer, to wander. 7 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 16.1 Two stories of Scots language taken abroad 16.1 Two stories of Scots language taken abroad There have been strong links between Poland and Scotland for a very long time, with Scots emigrating to Poland and Poles to Scotland. From as far back as the mid-15th century there were Scots trading and settling in Poland. […] Along with the protection offered by King Stephen in the Royal Grant of 1576 a district in Krakow was assigned to Scots immigrants. Records from 1592 reveal Scots settlers being granted citizenship of Krakow giving their employment as trader or merchant. […] By the 1600s there were an estimated 30,000 Scots living in Poland. Many came from Dundee and Aberdeen and could be found in Polish towns from Krakow to Lublin. Settlers from Aberdeenshire were mainly Episcopalians or Catholics, but there were also large numbers of Calvinists. As well as Scottish traders there were also many Scottish soldiers in Poland. (#Scotland is Now (2014)) Activity 4 In this activity, you will learn about Scots settling in Poland and evidence of their use of the Scots language there. One example of the use of Scots language in Poland is the will of wealthy Scots merchant Patrick Orem, who lived in Lublin, from 1609. This is a beautifully written document in Scots and preserved in the ancient Jagiellonian library of Krakow. Part 1 Read the first section of the will and try to follow what Orem expresses in this text. As always, consult the DSL for help with vocabulary you are not familiar with and remember to focus on the DSL entries pre-1700. Also note that there are spellings with double consonants such as ‘tt’, ‘vv’ or ‘ss’, which in the DSL entries would only feature one consonant. That is why, should you not be able to locate a dictionary entry immediately, try out different spellings and spellings of the words without their endings, i.e. search for servand instead of servvandis. 01. In dei nomine Amen ~ 02. Att Lublynn the sevvint day of Julii anno domini 160 & nyne 03. ʒeiris, I thocht guid, remembering now I am passand eftir his ma- 04. iesteis court and campe, with servvandis & gier to uss merchand- 05. yce, quhar his hienes and hors sall remaine, And knawing 06. be experiens and money examplis, the suddane change and 07. alteration, of manie estaitt upone the earthe, quhen almytie 08. god pleasis to suffer man to be uesertt for his offensis; & I be- 09. ing suirlie perswaiditt that I am ane sinner, & subiect to sick 8 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 16.1 Two stories of Scots language taken abroad 10. Infirmiteis as uthirris ar, bott god of his mercye dois spare me 11. heirfoir to god almytie father, sone, and halye gaist, be all honor 12. praiss & glorie for all his benefeittis bestowed, now & ever, Amen. (The Jagiellonian Library, Krakow. Ms 927, ff 2r-3v. Patrick Orem’s Testament, Lublin, 1609. A full transcript of the document can be read in the Appendix.) Part 2 This part of the activity will help you develop a better understanding how the dialect of Scots spoken in Lublin at the time is reflected in the spelling idiosyncrasies as seen in the extract you have read. Match the English words/phrases below with their Scots equivalents as mentioned the text. the seventh day I am way beyond/ it is far behind me / it is long passed I thought it wise wherever / in what place when/ on what occasion I know from experience many examples I am absolutely convinced ask God for mercy Holy Ghost Match each of the items above to an item below. the sevvint day I am passand eftir I thocht guid qhuar quhen knawing be experiens 9 of 32 https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=4190 Thursday 23 January 2020 16.1 Two stories of Scots language taken abroad money examplis I being suirlie persuaiditt bott god of his mercye halye gaist Please note: the verb ‘to ask’ is the Scots bott in the text, listed in the DSL as bode, bod – to bid for, aim at.
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