Religious and Secular Correlates of the LDS Family Home Evening Program

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1969-08-01

Gordon E. Mauss Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Mauss, Gordon E., "Religious and Secular Correlates of the LDS Family Home Evening Program" (1969). Theses and Dissertations. 4915. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4915

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. RELIGIOUS AKD SECULAR correlates LDS FAMILY horhoriehodleHOME1eae EVENING PROGRAM

thesis presented department child development

family relationships brigham young university

partial fulfillment requirements degree master science

gordon E mauss august 1969 acknowledgementsACKNOWLEDGE MENTS

tg gr&afulGroatgroatfulgreatgroanfulfulfui knowledgementacacknowledgement extended members advisory committee offered support valuable suggestions refinement thesis recognition especially accorded my brother arnandarn L mauss provided data keenkeon insight analysis problem studied together opportunities development presentation research fond appreciation expressed my lovely wife barbara gave generously time talents lending assistance encouragement just crucial moments finally profound tribute my parents sought instill me appreciation love truth

iii TABLE CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE I1 STATESTATEMENTMEENT PURPOSE 1

PROBLEM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

RATIONALE STUDY 0 0 0 4

hypotheses 0 0 0 5

definition TERMS 0 0 0 0 5

family 0 0 0 5 family home evening 6 family home eveningprogramevening program 6

family ritual 0 0 0 0 0 6

LDS lormanslormonsMormormonsI mons latter day saisalsaintsntsants 0 0 0 6

religious tiunitmentcommitment 41 0 6 II11 REVIEW literature 8

FAMILY HOME EVENING HISTORIhistoricalCAL REVIEW 0 9

church publications 0 0 0 13

audiovisualaudio visual encouragement 0 15

role home teacher 0 0 0 15

summary 0 0 0 0 18 FAMILY HOME EVENING theoreticalORETICAL REVIEW 19

family ritual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21

family life cycle 0 0 24 iv CHAPTER PAGE

social class 0 0 0 0 25 urban rural origin 26 sex 27 RELIGIOUS commitment theoretical FRAMEWORK 28 religion family 29 nature religious commitment 30

SUMMARY 0 0 ID 0 33 liiIII111 RESEARCH methodology 35 RESEARCH DESIGN 35

VARIABLES 36 DATA collection 38 instruments 40 ANALYSIS DATA 41

SUMMARY 42 IV FINDINGS discussion 44 FINDINGS 44 nature LDS religious commitmentcommitment4444 LDS participation family home evening 46 qualatitive analysis respondentsnonrespondentsnon resdondenaents 50 family home evening correlates 56 secular 56

religious 0 0 0 1 57

discussion FINDINGS 0 73

SUMMARY 75

v CHAPTER PAGE

V SUMMARY conclusions 78 purpose 78 methodology 78 findings 79 conclusions 80 limitations STUDY 85 suggestions FURTHER RESEARCH 86 bibliography 88 appendices 95

vi LIST OP TABLES

TABLE PAGE 1 intercorrelation among dimensiondimensions religious commitment 0 0 0 0 47 2 mean standard deviation religious wnitmentcommitment 47 3 frequency participation family home

evening 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 494 9 4 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample belief 52 5 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample practice 52 6 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample experience 53 7 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample knowledge 0 0 53 8 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample personal pietism 0 54 9 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample predisposition secularism 54 10 family home evening participation disposition secularism 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 0 0 55 11 family home evening participation belief 59 12 religious belief family home evening participation 0 0 4 0 0 60 13 family home evening participation practice 0 0 62 14 religious practice family home evening participation 63 TABLE PAGE 15 family home evening participation experience 0 0 0 0 64 16 religious experience family home evening participation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 65 17 family home evening participation religious knowledge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 18 religious knowledge family home evening frequency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 19 family home evening participation religious personal pietism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71 20 religious pietism family home evening participation 0 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 21 statistical comparison religious secular variables family home evening participation 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 115 22022 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample occupation 0 0 0 116 23 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample sex 0 0 0 116 24024 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample community size origin 117 25 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample education 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 26 comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample age 0 0 49 0 0 118 27 sacrament meeting attendance family home evening frequency 0 0 0 0 0 119 28 family prayer family home evening

frequency 0 0 0 0 1.1 1 10 0 120 29 temple going family home evening frequency 0 e 1.1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 121 30030 comparison family home evening participation religious belief different levels predisposition secularism 122 viii lableIABLETABLE PAGE 31 comparison family home evening participation religious practice within different levels predisposition secularism 123 32 comparison family home evening participation religious experience within different levels predisposition secularism 124 33 comparison family home evening participation religious knowledge within different levels predisposition secularism 125 34 comparison family home evening participation religious knowledge within different levels predisposition secularism 126 35 family home evening participation socio- economic status 127 36 family home evening participationpar-l iciicipationpationpatlon age 128 37 family home evening participation community size rearing 129

ix CHAPTER I1

STATEMENT PURPOSE

impact religion upon social institutions mankind obvious significance allport 1952 lenski 1961 further inquiry nature impact upon family scarcely need justification burgess cottrell 1939 hill becker 1942 yet survey empirical research reveals few exceptions very little research undertaken study impact religious commitment upon family practices allport 1952 observed similar chenopheno menon among modern intellectuals especially universities subject religion seems gone hiding whatever reason may persistence religion modern world appears embarrassment scholars today plp 1 literature dealing relationship religion family primarily limited study de- nominationalnomi national influence degree activity participation burgess cottrell 1939 appp 122 124 stark glock 1968 p 2 however nature ones commitment religion found greater predictive value either denominationalism participation stark glock 1968 appp 183 203 smith 1 2 suggested church religious society important avenues socia- lizationlization hillhilihill & becker 1942 p 470 re- lationlationshipship religion family interdependent least four areas follows 1 religious rite establishment marriage family institutions esse- ntially religious nature 2 socialization religious fellowship religious organization provides important avenues socialization members 3 religious bellefbelief through family ireligious norms values inculcated family members 4 non reliqiousrellglousreligious differences church affiliation ones social class urban rurarural differences purposes church exists etc delimit family religious associations appp 470 478 considering lip service social scientists given premise religion important social institutions prevailing lack empirical research seems deepened already existent gap important area knowledge hence state field stark clockglock 1968 p 2 both provides opportunities limitations upon present study opportunity work substantial body empirical data hardly fall make contributions field yet limited doing naivete previous research theory setting research problem introduced PROBLEM

fall 1964 church jesus christ latter day saints introduced family home evening program designed 11 assist parents teaching gospel home lee 1964 p 1080 subsequently parents urged adopt practice weekly meeting under direction parents purpose discussing religious principles participating joint activities family home evening manual 1964 p v since time very little undertaken way empirical research feedback assess degree program adopted membership church kind variance among participants involved aim study then describe explore three fundamental questions 1 nature religious commitment among sample members church jesus christ latter day saints 2 degree participation family home evening among those sampled 3 relationship religious commitment predisposition secularism among those sampled degree participation family home evening

RATIONALE STUDY

realizing nature ones religious commitment undunderlieerlieerile attempt religious institution 4

initiate program amilyfamily14 home evening larson 1967 appp 989998 99 rationale undertaking study seems inherent nature problem studied nevertheless suggested reasons asking research questions two general kinds intellectual based desire know understandtandunde satisfaction knowing understanding practical based desire know sake being able do something better efficiently selltiz jahoda deutsch cook 1959 p 4 anticipated present study make con tributions both intellectual practical intellectually study makes much needed effort contribute lack body theory research sociology religion family study intrinsic interest researcher involved practically since family home evening widely adopted church membership anticipated study useful those involved family home evening formulativeformulative levels examining how best respond peoples religious needs family setting value those study re ligion through examining nature dimensions mans religiosity particularly LDS sub culture neither study family relationships ignore variable may prove significant assessing pre dictingdichting influencing human interaction family set ting religious influence especially significant understanding latter day saint family 5 hypotheses

author proposes following hypotheses tested purposes study hypothesis 1 greater ones pre disposition secularism less frequent ones participation family home evening hypothesis 2 greater ones religious belief frequent ones participation family home evening hypothesis 3 greater ones religious practice frequent ones participationparticlpation family home evening hypothesis 4 greater ones religious knowledge frequent ones participation family home evening hypothesis 5 greater ones religiousexperiencereligious experience frequent ones participation family home evening hypothesis 6 greater ones personal piety frequent ones participation family home evening

definition TFTFRMSTERMSRMS following definitions essential meaningful interpretation purposes study 1 family unity interacting personalities 6 burgess 1926 appp 393 9 however purposes study term ex- panded include those necessarily linked biological relationship ie groups linked social interests college students elderly couples young marriedsmarri eds etc 2 family home evening official designation family night ritual conceived defined church jesus christ latter day saints larson 1967 p 7 3 family home evening program official designation program undertaken church order initiate family home evening larson 1967 p 7 4 family ritual pattern prescribed formal behavior pertaining specific event occasion situation tends re- peated again bossard boll 1950 p 9 5 LDS Morcormonsmormonsmons latter daysaintsday saints terms used interchangeably designate church jesus christ latter day saints members larson 1967 appp 787 8 6 religious commitment degree ones belief knowledge practice experience consequent behavior institution 7 doctrine measured modified stark & glock 1968 instrument used present study 7 predisposition secularistssecularismsecularisms extent orientationorlentatlonalorientationalal experiences life versus extent ones orlenorienorientationtation next life CHAPTEECHAPTERIR ilII11

REVIEW literature

selection literature studies impact religious commitment upon family life especially studies scientific orientation virtually nonexistentnon existent king 1967 appp 1881903881901.88190188388 190igo literature deals re ligion degree kind available these limited purpose scope study under consideration thesis see porter 1963 selections dealing influence religion upon family degree kind several reasons may suggested explain phenomenon 1 study sociology religiobeligioreligiousus commitment relatively recent origin 2 study family tended highly specialized emphasisanemphasis upon family interaction 3 perhaps absence interest among qualified researchers do inter- correlated study 4 may thought religious commitment significant influence upon family life while latter statement may true basestcasestcases profound influence religious commitment waywa y life mormon subculturesub culture demands attention given phenomenon significant factor study LDS family 8 9 therefore intention writer pursue study anticipation contribu- tion provide initial effort toward filling existing void

FAMILY HOME EVENING historical REVIEW

due comprehensive review literature pertaining family home evening 1967 writer attempt duplicate previous research rather refer reader larson 1967 succinct summary however family home evening 1967 together review literature 1967 present order larson 1967 suggested LDS philosophy preeminencepre eminence home elucidated two fundamental teachings church 1 home important influence training children 2 family basic unit eternal government p 11 hugh B brown first counselor president church stated church itself exists exalt family fact very concept heaven itself projection home eternity brown 1966 p 1095 these statements make clear LDS philosophy family mormondom basic institution both earth heaven reason church places great emphasis upon responsibility parents training 10 children made unmistakably clear doctrine covenants official volumes scripture mormon church follows again inasmuch parents children zion stakes organizeorganizeddl teach them understand doctrine repentance faith christ son living god baptism gift holy ghost laying hands eight years old sin upon heads parents doctrine covenants 1956 p 112 summary philosophy larson states church assumes function strengthening family leading men greater individual goodness endeavors assist parents fulfillment trust succorancesuccorance gave birth family home evening program 1967 p 14 family home evening concept new beginnings traced back biblical times even adam eve commanded god teach children gospel did pearl great price 1956 p 11 historical precedent supported professor lewis sherriSherrlsherrillll dean louisville presby- terian seminary professor religious education writes hebrews intensely aware kinship family ane bonds life itself them ZAh significant aspect relation between family church fact family primary agency teaching parents regarded normal teachers children later reference role church pertains assisting parents resresponsiresponseponsi bilityability professor sherriSherrlsherrillll comments 11 ideals family shown parents assisted christian rearing children being shown how deal important issues home biblical idea primarily parent educated church parent turn educate child bible religion normally touch child first through family appp 8087 within mormon culture family home evening concept brought fruition 50 years ago following several pilot programs various wards stakes salt lake valley larson 1967 appp 141714 17 president joseph F smith inaugurated practice church wide larson 1967 appp 171917 19 following inception 1915 family home evening successively endorsed presidents church followed during these years family home evening official program church concept practice recommended church frequently publicized various LDS periodicals sermons official statements larson 1967 appp 172017 20 then 1964 president david 0 mckay said talked thing fifty years now time going do something appp 202120 21 pursuant official declaration family home evening program emerged central element larger innovative effort church larson 1967 p 21 known correlation program objective program correlate coordinate efforts 12 church auxiliaries under direction priesthood innovate new practice assist parents teaching gospel home proprogramgrami family home evening then inaugurated church ideeldeeidewide 1965lee1965 lee 1964 p 1080 family home evening program described itaila weekly meeting family under direction parents purpose discussing religious principles participating joint activities family home evening manual 1964 p v larson 1967 isolated four essential objectives program followfollows 1 assist encourage parents take initiative teaching children 2 increase spirituality conformity christian principles 3 improve quality interaction within home 4 strengthen solidarity family P 21 continued point church followed these objectives prescribing essential procedures family home evening emerged norms briefly stated these 1 home evening clearly intended members church including adults without children family home evening manual 1967 p vilVII 2 families encouraged hold home evening regular basis bradforbradford 396519653.965 p 29 3 father should preside home evenings 4 each member should bo given opportunity 13 participate actively each home evening 5 family home evening should time prayer singing hymns participating musical instruments uplifting activities 6 home evenings should follow lessons outlined manual particularly central truth elaborated each lesson 7.7 leaders urge families adapt home evening ages needs family appp 24 25 review literature subsequent 1967 reveals church primarily interested following inauguration program intensive effort assist membership implement practice families three major efforts may identified churcchuocchurch publications sermons b audiovisualaudio visual encouragement c emphasis upon theroleuhe roleroie home teacher church publications january 1967 issue improvement era official church periodical entire issue dedicated assisting parents initiating improving home evenings family home evening committee church sought provide valuable insightinsights suggestions help membership succeed program typical inquiries revolved around questions how find time add home evening our crowded schedule how older couples use lessons planned families how interest our children home evening age span two eighteen how avoid 14 home evenings becoming just another lesson period should two families meet together home evening question answer article followed article entitled home evening elder harold B lee chair- man church correlation committee reviewed philosophy objectives norms family home evening culminating referring promise made president joseph F smith smith 1919 302 child inalna hundred go astray home environment example training harmony truth gospel christ revealed taught lat ter day saints another article followed family home evening committee entitled needs home evenings stressed application principles embodied manual dallydailydaliyliving articles contained testimonials members various stages life cycle found family home evening successful meeting needs 1968 69 family home evening manual stressed flexibility meeting needs individual families you consider moment great variation exists families church throughout world you realize family units consisting young couples without children older couples whose children grown longer live them families children still home representing several different ages single persons living alone together example college students persons little education persons college education advanced degrees persons live remote rural areas persons live large cities family home evening manual 1968 691 appp vlvi viivil 15 obviously church faced problems detail cannot solve membership rather ha 5 sought provide general principles guidelines individual families church may adapt particular needs circumstances audiovisualaudio visual encouragement spring 1967 correlation committee produced presented throughout church filmstripfilm strip entitled eternal family church improvement era july 1967 appp 666766 67 objective film- strip explain basic concepts how church program set strengthen home

role home teacher channel through church sought give individualized assistance encouragement member families through home teacher ecclesiastical representatives church through local wards individual families key effort church train lay leadership function providing vital channel representation feedback individual homes major responsibility assist families under jurisdiction teaching living gospel home concept elucidated follows home teaching monthly social visit home teachers sacred responsibility preparing assigned families 16 worthy enter presence god preparation take place priesthood holders must grapple urgent problems parents face every home must done now priesthood lrjrenbrethren enagedengaged sic what president david 0 mckay called divine service home teacher improvement era sept 1967 p 81 perhaps pointed directive date regaregardingrdlng family home evening program relationship home teaching found address given general con ference 0 L church elder marion G romney member council twelve apostles priesthood home teaching committee church stated objective

point things done home through home teaching inspire andencourageencourage members church hold conduct home evenings home stake presidents ecclesiastical leader several local congregations 1 under leadership stake president every stake evening sunday designated exclusively reserved home evening 2 let each stake president see lielleile himself regularly conducts weekly home evening own family inspires each counselors clerks high councilorscouncillorscounci lors members stake council do likewise 3 monthly oral evaluations stake presidents motivate bishops branch presidents implement family home evening program own homes wards branches bishops ecclesiastical leader congregation local 17 4 let every bishop branch president conduct weekly home evening own family teach exhort inspire counselors clerks ward council members follow example 5 monthly oral evaluations priesthood leaders bishops branch presidents accomplish three things inspire these leaders conduct home evenings own families two motivate inspire home teachers hold home evenings own families encourage families visit hold home evenings three bishops should these interviews receive report each priesthood leader status home evening families whom responsible 6 let every home teacher regularly conduct own family kind home evening droudproud families visits use example b carry in-0 o homes families assigned visit teachings encouragement spirit inspire them observe home evening home teacher should render complete report each families priesthood leader each month interviews romney 1969 p 96 efforts made newspapers church make home teacher aware role responsibility layhayilaymayIliay loth 1969 issue church news article appeared heading home teachers should promote home evenings written presiding bishop church another article released church information service appeared california inter- mountainmountalnain news january 9 1969 stressing home teaching answer establishing channel communication family church 18 summary reviewing literature pertaining historical development implementation family home evening program church several aspects emphasized 1 LDS philosophy pre eminence home provided succorancesuccorance gave birth family home evening program designed assist parents fulfilling responsibility teach gospel children 2 precursors family home evening rooted biblical tradition emergence program modern mormon culture process social evolution meet needs church members families time wide variety activities seeks draw children home where secondary groups assumed role inculcating values church feels rightfully be- longs family under responsibility parents 3 subsequent formal delineation family homehoinehorne evening program objectives norms church intensive effort follow implementation emphaampha sized role church leadership showing way adopting practice own homes motivating those under jurisdiction do likewise assignment home teacher given vital role play church sought provide via periodicals audiovisualsaudio vlsualsvisualswritten spoken sermons every aid encouragement possible motivate members 19 adopt family practice successfully conclusion appropriate emphasize importance placed upon program church may succinctly accomplished through following two quotations family primary social unit lord through revelation given parents responsibility teaching gospel home hoped each family church give program top priority improvement era vol 68 p 38 success compensate failure home improvement era june 1964 p 445 concludes review literature pertaining history family home evening church jesus christ latter day saints

FAMILY HOME EVENING theoretical REVIEW

due recency formal establishment family home evening program church very little empirical research data available writers knowledge two studies presented research area larson 1967 crane 1969 addition present study progress time miller 1969 larson 1967 studied effects planned inter- vention external agency upon LDS family acceptance adoption family home evening program relevant questions under consideration thesis larsonlarsons 20 conclusions may outlined i followsfo llowsallows 1 religious institution undertakes establishsta bilshblish innovationinnovhinnov ionlon among member familiesainiarni ileslies nature familysfamilys com- mitmentm itmentfitment t institution abe major determinant adoption innova- tion 2 regardless source ritual crucial element Paintemaintenancenance priority commitment 3 absence external sanction painmaintainpaintaintain priority13r loylor ity commitment must arise successful experience ritual itself appppp 96 97 independent variables larson studied orthodoxy dimendimensionslonsion religious commitment signi ficantficano predictor family home evening adoption ronenone11sone independent oarlvarivariablesiblesables dealt religious commitment nor did varvariablelablejablejabie prove significant xi predictorpredictor family homehorne eveningEvenin cj adoption amonaamongmono larsonsLarsonlarsonlsls k19671967 suggestions further research need eludy fafamilymily home iveninglvenlngevening based upon random sample further pursue several differences encountered between rural suburban sub- samples disparity church orthodoxy family home evening adoption suggesting evaluation these differences possible determinants per- tinent 102103102.103102 103 study seeks pursue these sug- gestionsgest ionsionelone further cranesgranesgrones study 1969 concerned mainly dependence family home evening participation upon effeceffect tivetyegivegyegime communication patterns within family while killermiller 21 1969 studying att-attitudesi tudesaudes LDS teenagersteen agers ward family home evening program

FAMILY RITUAL

larson 1967 appp 35 43 provided rather comprehensive justification defining family home evening what bossard boll 1950 termed family ritual present study seeks further justify focus attention upon family ritual rather de finitive method whereby ones commitment religious institution may perpetuated through use ol01 family ritual bossard boll perceived function family manismantsmans naturnatureselsets gods device perpetuation race civilization family connecting link between successive generations serves reproduce mankind culturally present time believed important remaining functions family transmission culture successive generations family rituals just family engineered canals through culture flowed generation next dynamic processes family interaction affected groups themselves 1950 appp 7 16 39 perceiving family ritual framework value family ritual perpetuating agent religious culture obvious commenting upon value ritual development transmission religious values knight states faith develops ritual rather ritual faithfalth development faith ritual 2222 interpretation ritual further progressive re interpretationsinterpretations obviously con sonant fact ritual group product 1946 appp vlvi viivil kagan 1960 p 158 suggested religion dis covering much needed faith best strengthened home these insights point oft heard learning theory principal ways learning takes place doing however learns doing develops strong attachments behavior patterns satisfactorily nurtured emotional learning experiences family significance ritual therefore within family setting conducive development behavior patterns well concepts normal individual passage through various stages social development shows strong attachment experiences situations earlier stages development strength attachments varying satisfactory nature experience situation bossard boll 1950 p 196 rationale behind foregoing theory do control develops through family integration ritual contributes meaningfully behavior family members subscribe ritual emphasized follows 1 existence well established ritual implies considerable amount likeilke mindedness among members family 2 rituals developed cooperatively stimuseimu lating sense group participation sharing satisfaction 23 3 common participation ceremony carries sense rightness makes family pride 4 flanyplanymany rituals involve refinements living adheranceadherenceadherance them implies stimulates common interest refinements bossard bollboilboii 1950 p 200 likewise klapp study quantifying amounts kinds family ritual found support hypothesis natural relationship exists between ritual solidarity family 1959 p 213 natural relationship exists between family ritual family solidarity provides ideal avenue inculcation transmission religious values place then family ritual framework family study prove fruitful church external agent seeking use establish ritual means maintaining inculcating perpetuating religious culture bossard bollboilboii attested vie come result present study think ritual may best starting point study family culture patterns just long recognized best point begin study religion ritual obviously comprises much behavior conscious definitely approve 1950 p 192 summary then see obvious value family ritual process family interaction favorable transmission religious concepts behavior through family culture however role depends upon content manner utilization ritual appealing content manipulated wisely becomes powerful construcconstrue 24 tive tool family culture ill adapted ritual good ritual misused may opposite effect sussman 1963 p 280

FAMILY LIFE CYCLE

well recognized fact family life family progresses through successive stages development moves youth old age brings successive changes family relationships needs ac- tivitiestivities social dynamic process come outgrowth classifications describing family life cycle various stages number classifications varies according subject study writer selected vallsduvallsduvalisduvalesDu eight classifications relevant present study I1 beginning families married couple without children II11 childbearing families oldest child birth 30 months illIII111 families preschoolpre school children oldest child 2 six years IV families school children oldest child 6 13 years V families teen agers oldest child 13 20 years VI families launching centers first child gone childs leaving home VII families middle years empty nest retirement VIII aging families retirement death both spouses duvall E 1962 p 9 25 bossard boll 1950 p 152 suggested family rituals develop change degree kind different stages family life cycle thus participation family ritual family home evening may positively related family life cycle stage another depending upon fam ilys perceived value need program indeed larson1967Larson 1967 p 127 determined family home evening participation tended increase steadily beginning families through adolescence then decline sharply children reach maturity left home family life cycle then may provide valuable insight need perceived family ritual family home evening

SOCIAL CLASS

larsons study 1967 p 74 showed virtually relationship between family home evening adoption social status usingholllngsheadshollingsheads Holling sheads 1958 appp 387397387 397 scale however hollingshead 1950 appp 39 46 established fact family instability greater among lower classes higher classes positive relationship between family solidarity family ritual demonstrated bossard bolls 1950 appp 132 133 studywherestudy where family ritual increases higher classes lower classes phenomenon may worthy further exploration perhaps using different 26 scale determining signilsignificanceficancefinance social class relates participation family home evening

URBAN RURAL ORIGIN

larsons study 1967 p 126 showed significant difference rural sub urban family home evening adoption rural sample having considerably higher rate non adopters several differences encountered between rural suburban sub samples dis parity church orthodoxy home evening adoption p 103 burgess locke commented upon rather interesting effects rural urban living upon family follows marked divergences between rural urban families rural family under leadership head economic unit members participating occupation farming urban family members work away home generally different occupations urban families like rural families vary widely each example pro- gressiongres sion smaller larger city increase secularization activities burgess locke 1945 p 24 increase secularization urban setting impact upon family home evening participation subject further exploration study view larsons 1968 findings rural nonadoptionnon adoption description impact rural vs urban living upon family discussed cavan 1942 stresses urban situation non 27 family activities competing groups loss service functions social training personality development wife employment lower birth rate mention few p 520 wide divergence style tempo theme handel 1967 appp 171917 19 exist without affecting cohesion network family spoken bott 1957 thompson steib 1963

SEX

larson1967larson 1967 p 102 stressed limitations study data reflected single point view wife mother further found several differences relationship family home evening frequency husband wife authority adopting ritual particular interest relative sex role differentiation normative characteristic family home evening church husband father should lead preside home evenings p 24 tradition masculine domination stronger place mormon sub culture modern ethical conception equality ought 11 characterize relationships tween sexes porter 1963 p 137 indeed sacred society hill becker 1942 p 8 mormon family role expectation somewhat rigidly defined description social roles family home evening ritual explicit place 28 function traditional mormon partlpartipartlarchalpartiarchalarchal order consequences ambivilenceambivhenceambivalence toward these cultural mores may create problem family home evening adopter treatment effects role expectations family relations see burgess locke 1945 appp 288290288 290

RELIGIOUS commitmentCOMMITreentMEENT theoretical FRAMEWORK

influence religion major social in- stitstitutionution long object study social scientists however study impact religion upon institutions family recent origin until nearly twentieth century seriously sustained sociological research field religion came forth prior time sociology primarily committed positivist view religion modern world merely survival mans primitive past doomed disappear era science general enlightenment near turn twentieth century however challenge raised destined open way sociological study dealing place religion human society german sociologist max weber french contemporary emile durkheimwurkheimDurkheim each published major work concerned place religion human society brought them sharp conflict older sociological viewpoints famous essay protestant ethic 29 spirit capitalism weber sought overthrow over- simplified theory economic determinists suggesting social changes occur response economic forces especially emphasized role impact religion major innovator social change Lenlenskiskilskie 1961 appp 353 5 durkheimDurwurkheimkheim hand opposed positivist point view provocative analysis argued roots religious belief practice lie fabric society itself nature human interrelationsinter relations ignorance superstition positivists maintained religious man feels dependent upon external moral power victim hallucination short religious institutions embody symbolic form profound insights man far being unfortunate survival past integral necessary element stable social system lenski 1961 p 5

RELIGION FAMILY

study influence religious commitment basis predicting individual behavior religious secular setting comparatively modern origin bultena 1949 demerath 19652196571965 fichter 1951 glock stark 1965 1966 lenski 1953 1955 1961 naussmauss 1966 1969 stark glock 1968 study religion family life lenski 1961 appp 192233192 233 suggested 30 commitment socioreligioussocio religious group commitment religious orientationsorientationsactions very predictive strength ones loyalty kin groups parental attitudes values toward child rearing family size divorce another subsequent study found family religious background primary significance individuals religious commitment confronted conflicting secular decisions choices mauss 1969b appp 101 6 ones religious commitment major influence force governing life cannot underestimated study factors predict family life behavior

NATURE RELIGIOUS commitment

stark glock suggested meaning what religious varies tremendously church membership belief religious doctrines attendance church services acts devotion philosophies life denote religious commitment however different meanings associated term religious synonomoussynonymous example areactivepreactiveara active churchchurchgoersgoers do believe vice versa simply person religious way guarantee religious others therefore becomes clear term religiousness used number different wayvaysways connote many different things thus becomes necessary study religious commitment determine different things meant term distinguish ways indi 31 duals religious stark glock 1968 appp 111311 13 curiously enough past research part tended avoid study variety ways individual may religious concentrated instead upon another manifestation religiosity ignoring others particular aspect religion being studied rarely considered relation expressions religiousness hence measurement religious commitment extremely limited scope perhaps valid prediction religious variables writers knowledge single research study examines various manifestations religiosity simultaneously clockglock stark studies 196511965 1966 1968 glock stark suggested seems considerable consensus among religions general ways religiousness ought manifested propose these general ways provide set core dimensions religiousness distinguished five dimensions suggesting within another them many diverse religious prescriptions classified follows 1 belief dimension comprises expectations religious person hold certain theological outlook acknowledge truth tenets religion every religion maintains set beliefs adherantsadherentsadherants expected ratify however content scope beliefs i32 vary between religions often within same religious tradition 2 religious practice includes acts worship devotion things people do carry religious commitment religious practices fall two important classes ritual refers set rites formal religious acts sacred practices religions expect ad herantsheranus perform devotion somewhat akin impo- rtantly different ritual while ritual aspect commitment highly formalized typically public known religions value personal acts worship contemplation relatively spontaneous informal typically private 3 experience dimension takes account fact religions certain expectations however imprecisely may stated properly religious person time achieve direct subjective knowledge ultimate reality achieve sense contact J however fleeting supernatural agency sure marked contrasts the varieties experiences deemed proper different religious traditions institutions religions vary degree encourage type encounter nevertheless every religion places least nominal value variety subjective religious experience sign individual religiousness 4 knowledge dimension refers expectation religious persons possess minimum information basic tenets faith rites scrip tures traditions knowledge belief dimensions clearly related since knowledge belief necessary pre- condition acceptance however lief need follow knowledge nor does religious knowledge bear belief fur- therthermore man may hold belief without really understanding belief exist basis very little knowledge 33 5 consequence dimension religious commitment differs four identifies effects religious belief practice experience knowledge persons day day lives although religions prescribe much how ad herantsheranus ought think act every day life entirely clear extent religious consequences part religious commitment simply follow 1968 appp 141614 16 purposes study consequences dimension described stark glock 1968 p 14 16 termed pietism limited measure consequential attitude toward matters religious behavior proposed theoretical frame reference expressed above provide basis examining LDS family membership participation family home evening program

suiesureSUPISUMMARYUMARY

basic philosophy LDS family home evening program seen role church agent assist family achieving religious goals role responsibility parents channel through religious values transmitted generation next origin biblical tradition formal establishment family ritual may viewed effort church strengthen solidarity family study impact religious commitment upon family vital understanding effect 34 religious values upon family life found predictive inculcation religious values family life family life cycle social class rural urban origin sex playing significant part degree kind religious values inte- grated family nature ones religious commitment found predictive certain aspects family life study religious commitment may thought five core dimensions 1 belief 2 practice 3 experience 4 knowledge 5 pietism CHAPTER III111

RESEARCH methodology

purpose chapter familiarize reader methodology study chapter discuss research design variables data colecbolec tion instrument

RESEARCH DESIGN

previously writer stated purpose study explore describe religious secular characteristics those do do participarticlpartial pate family home evening well define relationship exists between characteristics those sampled participation program present study therefore meets assumptions

4 exploratory correiacorrelacorrelationalL ionallonailonal descriptive study selltiz et al 1959 p 50 exploratory correlational study seeks gain familiarity phenomenon through testing hypotheses relationship between variables descriptive seeks report characteristics particular group determining frequency group participation specific family ritual associated variables 35 36

VARIABLES dependent variable frequency participation familyhomefamily home eveninevening defined LDS church therefore constitute main dependent variable studied however order research relationship assumed exist between variables each variable presented both independent dependent position felt method reporting establish total perspective relationship between variables essential reader understand data available does make possible establishment cause effect relationship rather concomitant variation relationship purpose study therefore designation dependent inde pendent variable largely methodological clarity independent variables present study independent variables show concomitant relationship dependent variable investigation primarily concerned six major independent variables these summarily reviewed follows 1 religious belief variable comprising expectation religious person subscribe basic tenets religion adapted LDS sample stark glock 1968 chap 2 index dealing 37 supernatural belief items latter day saints cludedquestionscludedclouded questions relating divinity jesus christ belief existence ol01r god modern revelation through living prophet 2 religious eraprapracticec ice included variable acts worship devotiondevotioniloni designed measure what people do carry religious commitment variable adapted glock stark studies 1968 chsachs 454 5 modified LDS sample scale based upon frequency attendance church services family private prayer blessings meals temple attendance 3 religious experience variable see stark glock 1968 ch 6 takes account fact properly religious person sometime receive sense contact divinity scalar items included feeling being gods presence sure testimony through holy ghost restored gospel feeling being punished sins feeling being visited departed loved receiving direct answer prayer 4 religious knowledge reference here possession minimum information ones religion scalar items included six questions fact three each new testament book mormon 5 personal pietism variable corresponds stark clocks consequence dimension 38 designeddesignedto estimate effects religious belief practice experience knowledge upon ones behavioral attitudes aiso seeks determine degree seriousness respondent viewed religious infractions following kind violations various parts word wisdom violation sabbasabbatariantarlantarian code pre marital sex relations praying irregularly taking lords name vain 6 predisposition secularism developed L mauss 1969a index based upon research demonstrated certain factors secularsecularizingizing influence upon individuals scalar items include sex age urban rural origin degree kind education index particular interest realizes LDS church now having predominantly urban popu lation base apparently elected strive main- tenance traditional anti secular religious ethos indeed family home evening program may represent deliberate attempt part LDS church stem secularsecularizingizing tide influence being encountered LDS members urban environment scalar items each independent variable may found appendix B

DATA collection

data provide basis study collected armand L mauss associate professor sociology washington state university study 39 beliefs attitudes people LDS background hold variety religious secular questions method collection carried through comprehensive questionnaire administered mallmailmalimaii during late 1967 early 1968 homes each ten 10 mormon wards congregations salt lake valley area questionnaire going alternately husband wife successive addresses well unma- rried heads households wards selected among those greater salt lake city area system random numbers weighted wards chance being included sample according membership size tween 1600 1700 questionnaires mailed 958 returned return rate 60 individual identity protected asking respondent return finished questionnaire pre addres sed stamped envelope without putting name address either envelope questionnaire respondent then asked mallmailmalimaii separately stamped pre addressed post card indicating finished questionnaire order protect against influence non particlparticipartial pants respondents requested discuss questionnaire anyone until completed follow studies respondentsnonrespondentsnon indicate resulting sample somewhat under represents lower sociosocioeconomiceconomic strata religiously nonactivenon active still large numbers these underrepresented 40 categories sample questionnaire modeled used glock stark studies covers many phases religious secular life five IBM cards required hold data each questionnaire subsequently due volume data information recorded computer tape future analysis five decks cards computer tape now stored survey research center university california berkeley while investigation cannot considered study entire LDS church large salt lake valley area mormonism may considered typical indeedindeedjndeed area optimum conditions favorable participation family home evening may exist short sample entire LDS church then present study may justified basis investigating sample church members area may considered ideal church large

instruments

previously author discussed development instrument charles glock rodney stark explore measure religious beliefs practices political attitudes behavior prejudice leisure time use like stark glock 1968 p 6 questionnaire asked 500 different questions dealing subjects listed above mauss study mlormonscormonsmormons salt lake 41 valley modeled glock stark study used northern california catholics protestants instrument therefore modified version glock stark instrument adapted use mormon sub culture reliability validity present instrument appears appendix B where tables showl ig internal consistency concurrent validity presentedpresentedi tests temporal consistency predictive validity possible however content validity glock stark studies 1968 may suggest confidence present instrument where possible mormon scales validated demonstrating concomitant variation glock stark scales

ANALYSIS DATA

information available raw data L mauss 1969a questionnaire made thesis study possible raw data researcher extracted items suitable construction scales made possible measurement participation FHE degree kind religious secular commitment subsequently data programmed processed computer analysis researcher reporting results follow method employed glock stark studies 1965 1966 1968 1 nature religious commitment sample LDS 42 appear table form showing intercorrelation various dimensions religious commitment 2 frequency distribution present findings participation FHE among general sample 3 contingency table each variable tested presented accompanying percents show direction extent concomitant variation among variables each variable reported independent dependent relationship show total dimension variation method reporting selected two reasons 1 modeled glock stark studies thus maintaining consistent co- ntinuity method employed similar studies 2 determined contingency table method report comprehensive review findings summary correlation method chi square x 2 coefficient contingency c computed test significance variable these precautions felt method provide best analysis view large size sample frequency distributions make possible li qualitativeliqualitative analysis FHE respondentsnonrespondentsnon report data does show relationship between variables

SUMARYSUMMARY

research design present study then 43 seeks explore describe religious secular characteristics those do do 1101 participate family home evening program defined LDS church investigation concomitant relationship family home evening participation variables belief practice experience knowledge pietism predisposition secularism reported contingency tables frequency distributions significance demonstrated use chi square coefficient contingency statistics instrument modeled used thetthem glock stark studies adapted random sample 958 members LDS church salt lake valley area raw data made available researcher permission provided basic source information researcher designed carried study CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS discussion

present chapter presents highlights research findings associated each three purposes study 1 I1 describe nature religious commitment among representative sample latter day saints 2 describe degree participation family home evening among those sampled 3 explore relationship secular religious correlates family home evening participation section report findings section two discuss findings within framework each hypotheses tested section three present summary findings discussion

FINDINGS

nature LDS religious commitment having developed tested five measures religious commitment among LDS sample question may asked these really necessary fact while religious commitment occur dis- tinctivetinctive dimensions may possible reality pair dimensions highly 44 45 correlated another may empirical ly distinct religiousness kind may always occur connection another kind never without section empirical correlations among measures religious commitment examined order determine magnitude relationship between dimen sions religious commitment LDS sample stark glock 19681968 ch 9 verified religious commitment multidimensionalmulti dimensional phenomenon among catholics protestants order determine question how postu- lated distinctions religious commitment fit reality analysis covariancecovarlance subsequently converted pearson product moment correlation coefficient r computed measure cheehe dimensions findings appear tables 1 2 implications these data reported follows 1 various aspects religious commitment belief best single measure criterion calling beliefbellefbelieff best highest intercorrelation dimensions provides best single estimate how persons score aspects commitment 2 answer question whether religious commitment empirically multidimensional phenomenon confirmed relatively low inter correlations average intercorrelation belief dimensions commitment 449449.449 clearly these dimensiondimensions religious commitment much I1independentticilcric orondonioroncorondonienononon dontdoni 0 ono another measures same thing 46 means prediction score practice score belief very accurate these empirical findings therefore require dimensions religious commitment treated related distinct man- feifestationsstations religiosity 3 belief best single measure religious commitment then knowledge poorest suggests knowledge religion especially religious phenomenon largely part knowledge general 4 number less important findings appear tables 1 2 noteworthy here lowest correlation between knowledge ex- periperienceence while highest correlation between belief pietism these correlations particular interest study reader may wish examine comb-comb inations tables means standard deviations table 1 appear table 2 relation range belief highest mean smallest standard deviation tend support findings table 1 sum findings reported section initial assumption ligiouslegiousreligiousre commitment among church member sample latter day saints gives support multidimensional phenomenon religious commitment

LDS participation famicamifamily home evening frequency distribution table 3 shows number families participation non participartica pation family home evening 47

TABLE 1 Interintercorrelationscorrelations among dimensions religious commitment LDS sample dimensions belief practice Experienceexperience knowledge pietism belief x 631631.631 507507.507 474474.474 636636.636 practice 631.631 X 468468.468 552552.552 564564.564 experience 507507.507 468468.468 x 316316.316 531531.531 knowledge 474474.474 552552.552 316316.316 x 365365.365 pietism 636636.636 564564.564 531.531 365365.365 X

TABLE 2 mean nd standard deviation religious commitment LDS sample dimensions mean standard deviation range belief 45532 21342.134 060 6 practice 104969 57405.740 0180 18 experience 401774.0177 23432.343 0100 10 knowledge 23058 14881.488 060 6 pietism 990409.9040 52065.206 0140 14 48 although official church norm calls participation family home evening weekly basis each family even those children 11 sample claimed weekly participation another 909 claiming almost weekly since those participating almost weekly may considered adopters program may say 20 fifth sample approaches official church norm actual behavior compared 5858y sample claimed similar participation

sunday sacrament services 46460 0 likewise claimed similar participation sunday school family home evening level regular participation seem relatively low occasional category observe approximately 21 participate non normative basis group may represent those participate family homehoine evening convenient special family occasions activity does constitute family home evening prescribed defined church again 30 may classified total non participants com- bining non participants those failed respond question family home evening whom may assume non participants find approximately 59 do participate

represents disproportionate lack acaactivityL ivityivirty compared programs church given equal priority large percentage non-nonrespondentsrespondents 49

rablePABLETABLEr 3

frequency participation family home evening general sample

frequency number N percent weekly almost weekly 192 20 occasionally 204 21 seldom never 283 30 response 279 29

totals 958 100

includes categories once twice month several times year 50 inquiry pertaining family home evening participation surprising phenomenon discussed appropriate detail following section

qualitative analysis respondentsnonrespondentsnon surprising findings table 3 rather large proportion sample failed respond question pertaining family home evening participation few items questionnaire did nonresponsenon response rate approach figure 29 observation prompted writer program qualitative analysis secular religious factors may influenced nonresponsenon response results analysis reported tables 494 9 comparison non repondentsrespondentsrepon dents general sample reveal t1ta two variables show discrepancy between two groups religious knowledge table 7 predisposition secularism table 9 difference knowledge may partially accounted 0 correlation between knowledge practice see table 1 where low knowledge tends associated low church activity assuming general sample may constitute norm study variation respondentsnonrespondentsnon norm predisposition secularism reveals respondentsnonrespondentsnon considerably below norm levels except low category where 21 above norm 51 should reported terms religious belief table 9 respondentsnonrespondentsnon relatively high 66 still below general sample significant difference religious practice experience tables 505 0 except very high category where non respondents rank rather low slightly terms general sample personal pietism table 8 non respondents do show marked degree difference secularly nearly half non respondents rep resented professional business craftsman categories while somewhat evenly distributed rural vs urban origin low vs high educational experience however differences do exist sex age where nearly two thirds respondentsnonrespondentsnon female half above 55 years age see appendix C tables 222622 26 together these factors identify interesting trend marked tendency respondentsnonrespondentsnon elderly women relatively high belief low knowledge tvotwo possible explanations may suggested view finding 1 perhaps many otherwise devout respondents did feel question family home evening applicable them since single childless children grown gone inspiteinsplteinspirespite church expectation did feel bound take part family home eveningevening program 2 perhaps many participated regularly church programs 52

TABLE 4

comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample belief

score belief scale comparative 0 1 2 3 nonresponsenon response 11C 12 12 66 general sample 12 8 9 71

TABLE 5

comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample practice

rank practice scale low medium high very comparative high nonresponsenon response 25 34 29 11 general sample 22 26 35 18 53

TABLE 6

comparisonComp arlsonarison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample experience

rank experience scale comparison low medium high very high

nonresponsenon response 28 46 24 3

general sample 26 47 25 2

TABLE 7

comparison non respondents general sample knowledge

rank knowledge scale comparative loviovlow medium high

1 respondentsnonrespondentsnon 42 41411 0 17 general sample 23 44 31 54

TABLE 8

comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample personal pietism

rank personalpersonalpietismpietism scale comparative very very low low med high high respondentsnonrespondentsnon 8 19 23 18 26 general sample 28 25 23 24

TABLE 9

comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample predisposition secularism

rank predisposition secularism comparative jwlow medium high very high non respondents 49 252 5 0 18y18 2 general sample 28 29 31 9 55 family home Eveneveningingi felt guilt admitting even themselves preferred skip question alto- gether these inferences however cannot considered findings

FAMILY HOME EVENING correlates report secular religious variables relation FHE frequency follows statistical data showing relation variables presented table 21 appendix C

secular number strictly secular independent variables introduced simultaneously through use nominal scale predisposition secularism table 10 factors built scale include sex age alurbanruralurbanrur origin education level college major greater weight scale being assigned male sex younger age urban origin college education college majors social science life science physical science humanitiesartshumanities arts businesseducationbusiness education majors descen- ding order weight scale thus high extreme scale young man urban origin college degree social science low extreme older woman rural origin less high school education applying scale independent variable against family home evening participation shows those high secular tendencies slightly 56

TABLE 10

family home evening participation predisposition secularism

rank scale predipredlpredissposipositionspositiontion total FHE frequency secularism NsnbsNIS low medium high weekly almost weekly 32 292 9 212 1 188 occasionally 28 31 31 20120 1 seldom never 40 40 48 273

total NsNIS 100 129 456 78 662 non response percents total N 52 21 8 926

x2xa2 101010.10 df 9 p 5050.50 C oiol01.01 57 less frequent participatorsparticipatory normitavenormltavenormi tave basis slightly inclined non participation however relationship negligible evidenced low contingency coe-c7ca fficient oi0101.01 significant 5050.50 level confidence thus predisposition secularism does appear re lated family home evening participation study tables shoshowinging intervening effect different dimensions religious commitment within different levels predisposition secularism shown appendix C should noted high religious commitment required levels predisposition before FHE participation occurs examination individual secular characteristics relation participation stated purposes paper however reader may wish consult tables 353735 37 appendix C where socioeconomicsocio economic status age community size rearing reported FHE particlpartialpartici- pation these three variables age showed correlation religious correlates each variable reported independent de pendent position previously explained use these terms methodological clarity predicting cause effect relationship anticipated method reporting give broader perspective each variable under consideration belief relationship religious belief family home evening participation seen tables 11 12 4343.43 coefficient contingency significant ooi001001.001 level confidence shows correlation 58

TABLE 11

family home evening participation belief

FHE frequency score belief scale total 0 1 2 3 Nsnis

weekly almost weekly 2 16 14 37 192 occasionally 13 14 40 34 204 seldom never 85 70 46 29 283

total 11Ns loo100 117 37 70 455 679 x2xa 15692156.92 df 9 p ooi001001.001 C 4343.43

respondentsnonrespondentsnon FHE omitted 59

TABLE 12

rellreilrelireligiousalousglousI1 belief family home evening participation

FHIFHE frequencyfreafrequen y rank belief weekly & almost occilyoccbocc ly never response

0 1 8 35 18

1 3 2 9 7

2 5 14 11 17 3 91 76 44 58

total Ns 100 192 204 283 279 x2xa 15692156.92 df 9 p oolooi001.001 C 4343.43 60 two variables whwhile11 e tcheehe level participation increases belief might expect should observed even among those exhibit greatest degree belief table 11 weekly almost weekly level reaches 37 considering 80 sample study married apparent high level compliance church norm family home evening participation even among high believers motivation apart belief itself seem necessary compliance furthermore non response rate item even orthodox fairly high table 12 reveals 58 non respondents ranked high belief lends credence guilt avoidance hypothesis suggested qualitative analysis non respondents explanation high nonresponsenon response rate item table 12 shows normative participartica pants 91 rank high belief compared 111 1 low mavmay indication independent power family home evening participation upon belief however tested must considered in- ference practice clearly dimension strongest relation family home evening participation evidenced 5555.55 contingency coefficient sign-significantificant ooi001001.001 confidence level tables 13 14 participation increases consistently higher practice table 13 shows those vervvermvery hiahi5high 61

TABLE 13

family home evening participation religious practice

rank religious practice scale FHE frequency very total lowow medium high high Ns weekly almost weekly 1 10 36336 61 192 occasionally 7 29 42 32 204 seldom never 92 61 22 7 283

total Ns 100 137 150 253 139 679 x2xay2 30958309.58 dtdf 9 p oolooi001.001 C 5555.55

respondentsnonrespondentsnon FHE omitted 62

TABLE 14

religious practice family home evening participation rank FHE frequency practice weekly occlyoccleoccily never response

low 1 5 45 25 medium 8 21 33 34 high 46 52 19 29 very high 44 22 4 11

total Ns 100 192 204 283 279

Xx2xa 30958309.58 df 9 p oolooi001.001 C 5555.55 63 practice syndrome 61 participate normative basis family home evening compared 7 never participate likewise probability normative participation low practice syndrome virtually non existent 1 these findings supported table 14 even though appearsbyappeappearsarsby percentage ranges family home evening participation dependent upon practice reverse however finding perhaps too surprising family home evening itself regarded religious well family ritual nonresponsenon response rate compared practice table 14 shows opposite trend belief whereas belief nonresponsenon response rate increased higher belief decreases practice finding rather difficult explain fairly high correlation practice belief table 1 may indicative dependence two dimensions perhaps high rate family home evening participation among those high prac tice reduced nonresponsenon response high category relation family home evening specific practice sacrament meeting attendance family prayer temple going strong may found tables 272927 29 appendix C experience religious experience expectation properly religious person sometime another establish contact superhuman agency 64

TABLE 15

family home evening participation religious experience

FHE frequency rank religious experience scale totalpetalpotal low medium high NsN weekly almost weekly 3 12 31 103 occasionally 24 53 44 293 seldom never 73 35 25 283

total Ns 100 172 322 185 679

2 Xx2xa 14438144.38 df 9 p ooi001001.001 C 4242.42

respondentsnonrespondentsnon omitted 65

TABLE 16

religious experience family home evening frefrequencyquency rank experience weekly occilyboccocc ly never response low 5 18yo18 45 45 medium 52 54 40 54 high 43 29 15 1

total Ns 100 192 204 283 279 x2xa 14438144.38144038 df 9 p ooi001001.001 C 4242.42 66 contingency coefficient 4242.42 ooiool001.001 level sig- nificnificanceance family home evening participation

table 15 reveals thalthaethawt1 those high ex- periperienceence ten times likely hold rfamilyamily home evening normative basis those leviobiovlow low experience shows virtually associatassociateassociationiondon 3 normative family home evening participation those medium experience appear inclined occasional family home evening participation finding somewhat supported belief practice table 11

13 though t clearly associational trend moder ate religious commitment occasional family home evening participation might inferred here turning table 16 interesting observe normative family home evening participation tends associated medium rather high religious experience supports findings table 15 how ever non participation appears strongly associateassociatedd medium experience does normative participation should noted 15 those never participate high experience another interesting finding table 16 shows

lc1 0 respondentsnonrespondentsnon may considered high experience thus nonresponsenon response family home evening 67 participation may associated high experience knowknowledgeledge presumptive manifest functions family home evening program LDS church instruction scriptures christianity mormonism however dimensions religious commitment under consideration thesis knowledge appears least relation family home evening participation coefficient contingency 3333.33 significant ooi001001.001 level confidence perhaps family home evening program operational long enough these data gathered expect evidence effectiveness instruction tables 17 18 provide basis assess relationship table 17 reveals consistent increase participation increasing knowledge those high knowledge three times likely participate normatively within low syndrome knowledge range great between normative non participation family home evening dimensions table 18 shows normative family home evening participants likely medium knowledge knowledge does increase participation non responcespon dents decrease increasing knowledge con sistentsistena findings practice experience relation knowledge practice shown table 1 higher correlation these two dimensions 68

TABLE 17

family home evening participation religious knowledge

rank knowledge scale total FHE frequency low medium high NsNIS weekly almost weekly 11 33 38 192 occasionally 22 32 36 204 seldom never 67 35 26 283

total NsNIS 100 195 296 188 679 x2xa 7868378.683 df 4 p ooi001001.001 C 3333.33

respondentsnonrespondentsnon omitted 69

TABLE 18

religious knowledge family home evening frequency rank knowledge weekly occlyoccleoccily never response low 12 21 46 42 medium 51 46 37 41 high 37 33 18 17

total Ns 100 192 204 283 279 x2xa 7868378.683 df 4 p ooi001001.001 C 3333.33 70 llLDS11 DS members contrast catholics protestants item interest stark & clockglock 1968 appp 177178177 178 may explain relatively positive relation knowledge family home evening participation venevene though correlation high personal pietism dimension indication persons behavioral conformity certain religious prescriptions prescriptionsproscriptproscriptionsions correlation pietism belief highest correlation table 1 may somewhat indicative extent behavioral attitudes consequences adherence doctrinal beliefs coefficient contingency 3939.39 significant ooiool001.001 level confidence shows relation dimension family home evening participation normative participation family home evening increases consistently levels pietism table 19 likewise occasional category participation increases levels exception small decrease between high very high categories may lend support hypothesis suggested previously moderate religious commitment may associated occasional family home evening participation low pietism category 8 participate normatively family home evening compared 71 never participate table 20 shows pietism inclusion sabbatarianSabbatarlantarian index family home evening participation addition another category pietism scale shows 71

TABLE 19

family home evening participation religious personal pietism

rank personal pietism scale total FHE frequency 0lowo medium high very high Nsnis weekly almost weekly 8 30 34 46 192 occasionally 21 31 42 28 204 seldom never 71 39 24 26 283

total Ns 100 199 161 162 157 679 x2xa 12418124.18 dfd 9 p oolooi001.001 C 3939.39

scale does include sabbatarian index respondentsnonrespondentsnon omitted 72

TABLE 20

religious pietism family home evening frequency rank pietism weekly occlyoccley never response

very low 2 8 27 808 0 low 13 17 21 19 medium 21 22 15 23 high 24 29 12 18 very high 39 22 14 26

total Ns 100 192 204 283 279 x2xa 12418124.18 df 9 p ooi001001.001 C 3939.39

scale includes sabbatarian index 73 broader range commitment weekly family home evening participants considerahleyconsideraklsy likely very high pietism occasional syndrome however family home evening participation decreases slightly high very high categories consistent decreasing association shown group never participates particular attention should drawn nonrespondents table 20 note increase nonresponsenon response increasing pietism dimension relig iosityrosity shows trend belief religious practice experience knowledge show opposite trend

discussion FINDINGS

purposes study six hypotheses developed tested discussion findings pertain each hypotheses follows hypothesis greater ones predisposition secularism less frequent ones participation family home evening findings study reveal significant difference exists family home evening predisposition secularism studied direct relationship C oiol01.01 significant 5050.50 level confidence hypothesis therefore rejected potheshypotheshypothechypothesisHy two greater ones religious belief frequent ones participation family home evening hypothesis confirmed contingency coefficient 4242.42 significant ooi001001.001 level confidence 74 discovered nexttonext practice belief strongest predictor family home evening participation hypothesis three greater ones religious practice frequent ones participation family home evening dimension proved best pre dictor family home evening participation efficient conticontlgencycontigencycontingencygency 5555.55 significant ooi001001.001 level confidence hence hypothesis confirmed mention should made however fact family home evening itself may considered religious practice thus accounting high correlation hypohypothesiscesishesis four greater ones religious knowledge frequent ones participation family home evening though dimension showed least relationship family home evening participation positively related evidenced 3333.33 coefficient contingency significant ooi001001.001 level confidence hypothesis confirmed while relationship knowledge practice highly correlated among catholics protestants see stark glock 1968 appp 177178177 178 considerably higher relation does exist LDS sample shown table 1 hypothesis five greater ones religious ex- periperienceence frequent ones participation family home evening hypothesis confirmed correlation 4242.42 significant ooi001001.001 level confidence religious experience proved related 75 family home evening participation like religious lief Lypohypothesisthesis six greater ones personal pietism

frequezfrequenfrequentL ones participation family home evening 3939.39 coefficient contingency significant ooiool001.001 level confidence confirms hypothesis noted table 1 pietism highly correlated dimension religious commitment belief while obvious independence between two dimensions does exist do tend similar relation family home evening participation normative level participationnonparticipationnon well

SUMMARYSUMNARY

relative purposes study findings chapter may summarized follows 1 nature religious commitment among repre- sentativesentative sample latter day saints shoisthatshows exists high degree religious commitment belief however commitment each dimensions consider ably lower dimensions belief general sample tended rank moderate category commitment furthermore each dimension shown relatively independent others thus confirming theory stark glock 1968 ch 9 religious commitment multidimensional rather unidimensional phenomenon 76 2 qualitative analysis large number respondentrespondentsrespondentsetoseto item dealing family home evening participation reveals majority respondentsnonrespondentsnon aging state life cycle tended female exception knowledge significant difference between non respondents general sample religious commitment 3 dimensions religious commitment practice related highly participation family home evening program belief experience pietism knowledge following order range correlation between family home evening participation dimensions religious commitment 3333.33 5555.55 4 regardless relationships do exist between family home evening participation religious secular variables important aware fact none variables correlated strongly table 3 reveals 20y20 general sample participate normatively finding suggest aside religious secular variables researched study must variables fairly weighty influence family home evening participation 5 consideration variables tested predisposition secularism showedci ro direct relationship family home evening participation although high religious 77 commitment required each level predisposition secularism before FHE occurred see appendix C tables 303430 34 moderate religiously committed inclined associated occasional FHE participation relative respondentsnonrespondentsnon high commitment belief pietism associated high nonresponsenon response while high commitment practice experience knowledge reverse effect CHAPTER V

SUMMARY conclusions

chapter summarizes study presents writers conclusions together discussion limitations study suggestions further research

purdpurposepurrose purpose study describe explore three phenomenon family home evening program church jesus christ latter day saints 1 nature religious commitment among representative sample LDS members 2 degree participation family home evening program among those sampled 3 relationship between certain religious secular variables participation family home evening LDS church

Methomethodologmethodologydolog data study made available researcher L Imauss1 associate professor sociology washington state university part larger study designed measure impact urbanization mormonism 78 79 mauss 1969a instrument modeled used glock stark studies 1965 adapted random sample 958 members LDS church salt lake valley area available data writer study undertook investigation re- lationlationshipship between family home evening participation religious secular variables religious variables included belief practice experience knowledge pietism secular variables included age sex urban rural origin education coefficient contingency computed determine relationship each variable family home evening participation chlchiachl square test determined significance relationship study intercorrelation each religious variables undertaken assess independence each dimension specific relationships family home evening participation determined analysis covariance showed intercorrelation each dimension religious commitment others

Finfindingsdinas nature religious commitment among LDS sample found multidimensional relatively independent manifestation normative participation family home evening found low compared church programs activities each dimension religious commitment found positively associated 80 family home evening participation though highly associated practice providing best index religious commitment predisposition secularism showed direct relation family home evening participation

conclusions

study relation family home evening participation certain religious secular variables among probability sample members LDS church salt lake valley area presented since data collected under circumstances guaranteeing anonymity location where LDS church influence may assumed strongest figures probably indicative maximal levels compliance family home evening program analysis data made possible several conclusions reference stated purposes study 1 nature religious commitment low correlationsinterintercorrelatlonsintercorrelations among dimensions religious commitment demonstrate heuristic value glock stark 1965 distinctions among dimensions religiosity LDS sample religious belief dimension sample ranked high 71 fact general sample ranked moderate dimensions may suggest performance need follow belief however compared catholics protestants 81 stark glock 1968 appp 177178177 178 LDS sample may considered higher commitment nature degree kind familysfamilys religious commitment important determinant family home evening participation found commitment practice dimension far important factor commitment dimensions studied participation increased consistently higher commitment dimensions 2 degree participation average rate compliance church norm ie weekly almost weekly participation sample 20 although figure increased higher religious commitment exceeded 40 dimension religious practice words those regular participation church activities meetings aiso regular participants family home evening hence cannot take too seriously time honored plea being too busy church activities highest level participation sample precisely amongst those busy point confirmed larson 1967 earlier study suggested participation absence strong church sanctions felt church members expected occur regularly extent found successful satisfying participants themselves fact still remains however compared church programs family home evening cannot 82 considered successfully adopted general church membership non participants those may classified non participants family home evening constitute large portion sample comparison family home evening participation predisposition secularism leads conclusion relationship exists however low religious commitment related non participartica pation correlation strong i suggests factors influencing participationnonparticipationnon b nonvon respondents another conclusion concerns rather large number non respondents otherwise conscientious filling lengthy questionnaire skipped item family home evening participation group comprising 29 sample generally tended composed largely those low secularsecularizingizing experiences ie poorly educated old ladies rural origin relatively high religious commitment since non response family home evening showed slight inverse relationship predisposition secularism might infer generally these wer e deoppeoplepeop knew church norm felt guilty non- compliance andor felt applicable them present phase life cycle perhaps lends confidence suggested internal vs external motivation family home evening participation implying those reason right combination 83 secularsecularizingizing experiences religious commitment perceive need value family home evening program constitute likely participants 3 correlates family home evening participation secular correlates predisposition secularism does appear bear direct relation family home evening participation however compared degree kind religiosity observed family home evening participation levels predisposition secularism occurs among those relatively high religious commitment hppendixappendixappendix C tables 293429 34 relation ffinding predisposition secularism family home evening supported tables 353735 37 appendix C show community size rearing related FHE participation age positively related older categories 11 younger11younger ones however altruistic sources both motivation satisfaction may different two groups likewise socioeconomicsocio economic status related b religious correlates while each dimension religious commitment positively related family home evening participation none correlations suffici- ently high establish strong relationship religious practice related participation belief ex- periperienceence pietism knowledge following order should observed family home evening may possibly independent influence religious belief knowledge pietism although tested validity observation questionable due recency establishment family home evening program 84 4 possible conclusions light evidence suggested above appears factors may bear weight upon family home evening participation those tested study quantity sample participate highly church programs activities left inquire why family home evening participation low perhaps likely explanation particularly view kind respondent tended avoid family home evening question thathae church yet succeeded designing adap- tation family home evening program seems relevant applicable cogent single childless elderly factors may suggested however perceived need program part church members may restrictive influence upon ones willing- ness try program although larson 1967 found those participated program goygox90 reported improved quality family life b ability parents implement program successfully may serious drawback perhaps members feel inadequate establishing adap- ting program family needs c present program obviously geared families children perhaps emphasis placed upon improving dyad relationship addition lesson material readily available sunday school classes d development family home evening manual deals 85 functional aspects marriage family living may motivate families interested developing greater family inte gration solidarity vast number implications factors may related family homeflome evening participation may suggested however purpose study provide inexhaustibleinexhaustable list factors suggest few emerged considering problems herein under study

limitations STUDY

1 undertaking specific study family home evening program helpful design questionnaire particular study rather adapt study data already available although data used did provide excellent sample source information 2 available data made provision qualitative study family home evening practice among families sampled however while qualitative study important broad conclusions somewhat difficult until program met wider adoption participation 3 present study investigated family home evening participation salt lake valley area church although area may represent church typically sample geographical areas may significantly different hence sample itself considered limitation study program church large 0686

suggestions FURTHER RESEARCH

1 family home evening qualifies family ritual larson 1967 appp 35 43 vehicle immense value religious institution seeks inculcate religious values family setting further research may seek determine how external religious institution may succeed using family ritual vehicle transmission religious culture 2 research based large random sample using instrument specifically designed measure family home evening participation kind needed determine spe cificcefic patterns adoption family home evening norms focus study may quality parti- cicipationpation performance 3 study family home evening based upon wider geographical sample needed assess value program church members outside utah 4 research should undertaken determine need value family home evening program childless single elderly explore variables associated participation these groups 5 experimental study control group provide valuable insights factors associated adoption implementation family home evening program 6 since family home evening program comp- ratarativelyively recent origin longitudinal study participation 87 reveal changes extent participation time 7 inasmuch none factors present study found highly correlated family home evening participation future research may wish examine relationship variables suggested these avenues may prprovideprovideaprovidedovidea framework future study since little research pertaining study family home evening undertaken thus far these suggestions represent few many areas imaginative researcher may explore bibliography bibliography

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american book 1 1945 cavan R fainfarnfamily new york thomas crowell 1942 christensen H T ed handbook marriage family chicago rand mcnally 1964 coser R L famfamily structure function new york st martins press 1964 council twelve apostles family home evening manual salt lake city deseret netisneinevisnewsnev press 1964 1969 crane communication variables within LDS family influence development family home evening program unpublished masters thesis utah state university 1969 demerath N J social class american protestantism chicago rand mcnally 1965 doctrine covenants church jesus christ latter day saints salt lake city author 1956 dornbusch N & schmid C F primer social statistics new york mcgraw hill 1955 downie N M & heath R W basic statistical methods new york harper row 1965 duvall E family development philadelphia J P lippincott 1962 90 faulkner J E & dejong G F religiosity ad5d empirical analysis social forces 1966 XLV 2 246 254 fichter J H dynamics citychurchcity church southern parrish chicago university chicago press 1951 frank L K dynamics family interaction marriage family living 1948 10 3 52 fukuyama Y major dimensions church membership review religious research 1961 glock C Y & stark R religion society tension chicago rand mcnally 1965 glock C Y & stark R christian beliefs anti semi tismcism new york harper row 1966 granite stake home evening bulletin salt lake city 1927 cited R E larson factors acceptance adoption family home evening LDS church study planned change unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1967 hall ff moramoralmorai1 religious training children adolescence cited stark R & glock C Y american piety nature religious commitment berkeley university california press 1968 handel G ed psychpsycpsychosocialasocialosocial interior family chicago adeline publishing 1967 hays W D basic statistics belmont california brooks- cole publishing 1967 91 hill R & becker H ed marriage familyF boston heath 1942 hollingshead B class differences family stability annals american academy political social science 1950 394639 46 hollingshead B & redlich F C social class mental illness community study new york willey

& sons 1958 improvement era church jesus christ latter day saints salt lake city author january july

september 1967 y june 1969 kagan H E teaching values our children children youth 1960s cited larson RE factors acceptance adoption family home evening LDS church study planned chancechange unpublished masters thesis brigham young university 1967 kimballkimbail W home training cure evil improvement era 1965 66 512515512 515 king M none factoriallyFactor lally derived dimensions journal scientific studstudyy relreireligionigionigdon 1967 62 173190173igo190 klapp 0 E ritual family solidarity social forces 1959 37 212 214 knight D reliRellreligioneionaionelon function human life new york mcgraw hlllhill 1946 92 larson R E factors acceptance adoption family home evening LDS church study planned change unpublished mastermasters thesis brigham young university 1967 lee H B priesthood correlation home evening improvement era 1964 67 107710811077 1081 lenski G social correlates religious interestk erest american sociological review 1953 28 533544533 544 lenski G & stouffer communism conformity civil liberties garden city doubleday 1955 lenski G religious factor garden city doubleday 1961 mauss L mormonlsmmormonism secular attitudes toward negroes american sociological review 1966 9 91 99 mauss L mormonlsmmormonism urbanism dissertation progress university california berkely 1969a mauss L seminary salvation religious instruction religiosity among Morcormonsmormonsmons paper presented meeting pacific sociological association seattle 1969 mauss G E & mauss L faith fundamentalism famelyfamily night religious secular correlates participation LDS family home evening program proceedingsproce utah academy science arts letters 1969 46 1 I press 93 mckay D 0 blueprint family livinglivingslivingy improvement era 1963 66 252253252 253 miller D L factors may influence attitudes LDS teenagers toward family home evening masters thesis progress brigham young university 1969 parsons T & bales R family socialization interaction process new york free press 1955 pearl great price church jesus christ latter day saints salt lake city author 1956 porter B R selected readings latter day saint family dubuque iowa vimwm C brown book 1963 rokumototokumotoRok umoto hiroko factor analysis religious commitment unpublished paper department sociology university california berkeley romney M G home teaching family home evening improvement era 1969 72 759775 97 sherriSherrlsherrillll L J familyandFamilfamilyyandyond church new york abington press 1937 smith J lund H & penrose C W home evening improvement era 1915 18 733734733 734 smith 0 gospel doctrine salt lake city deseret book 1919 stark R & clockglock CY american piety nature religious commitment berkeley university california press 1968 94

strodtbeck F C family action child studstudy 1958 34 141814 18 sussman 14 ed Sourcesourcebookbook marriage family boston houghton mifflin 1963 thompson W E & streib G F meaningful activity family context cited sussman M ed sourcebookSourcebook marriage Ffamily boston houghton mifflin 1963 vernon G M inquiry scalability church orthodoxy sociology social research 1955 39 324237324 237 waller W & hill R familyfamllyfamely dynamic interpretation new york holt nehartrinehartRl winstonWl nston 1938 winch R F modern family new york henry holt & 1952 appendices APPENDIX

quesmonnaire

items pretalnlngpretainingpretrainingpreta ining particularly study under consideration extracted original questionnaire appear here modified format

instructions

1 questions answered simply making check mark x space best indicates your feeling belief items ask you instead circle number ex ample 2 wherever you feel need qualify elaborate upon answer you may do margins 2 you should pay attention extra numbers written parentheses next each question these provided IBM1.1 tabulating respondents answers 3 order insure opinions you express questionnaire influenced others you earnestly requested discuss anyone else until you completed 4 you finished questionnaire please mail back stamped pre addressed envelope provided do put your name address envelope questionnaire separately you should mail post card indicating you finished questionnaire krotecprotecprotectL your identity while still making possible followfollowup those yet mailed questionnaire

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ID r 24 25 26 27 N r c 28r APPENDIX B

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0 definitely true responses 18180 0

1 6

2 12 3 64

total looxloolooy100 c validation mormon bellebeilebeliebeliefbellefbelleeE scale points scale 0 1 2 3 1 percents high christian 4 23 63y63 88 belief scale adapted glock stark 109 110 2 percents feeling church 13 26 36 535 member should accept faith try carry even those church policies does agree 2 religious practice scale range 0180 18 component items scale based upon fre quency attendance sacramentsa clamentcrament services frequency family prayer frequency private prayer frequency blessings meals frequency temple going since each component several levels frequency scale 19 categories collapsed four categories low medium high very high scale validated showing predict regularity attendance priesthood meeting relief society frequency scripture reading b validation practice scale score practice scale low medium high very high 040 4 5115 11 121612 16 171817 18 1 percents attending 6 35 68 85 priesthood meeting relief society weekly almost

2 percent reading 2 5 14 0 27 scriptures dailydallydaliy almost

total Ns 208 246 335 169

3 religious experience scale range 0100 10 component items illiliiii 1 feeling being saviors presence 2 sure testimony through holy ghost gospel 3 feeling being punished lord sins 4 feeling being visited heavenly perso- nage 5 feeling receiving direct answer prayer b scoring two points yes im sure point yes I11 think c validation experience scale score experience scale low mediumI high very high 020 2 353 5 686 8 9109 10 1 percents answered 11yesyes im sure ive 11 tempted devil 11 46 75 80 2 percents answered yes I1 think 23 35 17 14 4 religious knowledge scale range 060 6 scale derived respondents answers six questions fact three each new testament book mormon since scale deals factual recall validation scale necessary following distribution entire sample scale 0 151 5yay low 1 2 correct answers 3838y medium 3 4 correct answers 41 high 5 6 correct answers 6 112 5 religious pietism scale range 0140 14 scale derived giving respondent 2 points saying very serious 1 point saying fairly serious asked how serious regarded certain infractions smoking premaritalpre marital sex drinking coffee drinking beer drinking liquor praying irregularly taking lords name vain subsequent scale including sabbatarian index added following items poor attendance sacrament services going ball games movies sunday going shopping sunday watching ball games TV sunday original resulting scale collapsed categories low medium high very high scale validated showing predict tendency regard infractions piety very serious b validation religious pietism scale score pietism scale low medium high very high 050 5 696 9 101210 12 131413 14 1 percent saying 7 29 56 89 very serious pay incomplete tithing 2 percent saying 19 50 71 93 very serious par- take sacrament unworthily

1 Ns 1001000 0 265 241 225 227 percents sample 28 25 23 24 113 6 predisposition secularism scale range 0150 15 scale based upon social background items research shown secularsecularizingizing influence individuals component items 1 male sex 2 young age 3 urban origin rearing 4 high educational level science major college b distributionpistributiondistribution sample scale low 28 medium 6060 high 9 c classification since items several categories each scale total 16 categories collapsed three categories low medium high d validation predisposition secularism scale rank predisposition secularism validation very low medium high high 030 3 464 6 7107 10 11 15 1 belief divinity 90 80 84 70 jesus def true 2 belief literal 74 74 74 64 devil def true 3 LDS prophet 81 72 75 61 loreslords spokesman def true 114 4 negroes should 80 69 75 50 present hold priesthood def true 5 belief carwinsdarwinsDarwins 7 12 24 50 theory evolution certainly true 6 church should adapt 29 32 34 44 modern scientific changes

Nsnis 100 266 280 297 83 e validation prediction secularism 1 component items secularism scale belief carwinsdarwinsDarwins theory evolution sodrescore point certainly probably true b LDS church places too much emphasis next world should done solve social problems world score point definitely somewhat true c LDS church should adapt itself modern scientific changes score point definitely true somewhat true rank predisposition secularism scale score very secularism low medium high high Nsnis

0 69y69 69 61 44440 C 616 1 26 21 21 25 222 2 3 5 10 18 31 120

Nsnis 100 266 280 297 83 958 APPENDIX C

TABLE 21

statistical comparison religious secular variables family home evening participation

FHE participation variables x2xay2 df p C predisposition secularism lololoio101010.10 9 5050.50 oiol01.01 religious belief 15658156.58 9 oolooi001.001 4343.43 religious practice 30958309.58 9 ooiool001.001 5555.55 religious experience 14438144.38 9 oolooi001.001 4242.42 religious knowledge 786878.68 4 ooi001001.001 33 religious pietism 12418124.18 9 oolooi001.001 3939.39

115 ilg116

TABLE 22

comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample occupation

clerical crafts service professional comparative sales labor household business operatives respondentsnonrespondentsnon 17 23 5 33 general sample 18 22 5 45

TABLE 23

comparison respondentsnonrespondentsnon general sample sex comparative male female respondentsnonrespondentsnon 39y39 61 general sample 51 49 0 0

degree eiamilewa en E fm D 1 2 Q

1 Q Q 7 Q 0 college cr 18 29 0 4 rtr t CM 0 0 21H 28CD 0 0 0300000 N rs 0 tit i r0ra 0v 3 4 generalQ general0 C C 0 0 D Q 0 0 U 0 0 U 100000 c 10 r Q D college 0 dhedho 0 7 ono X romeer cr 0 34ro 38 origin 0 P 0 0 n i 4 W 0 0 0 P 0 4 n 0 M P 0 0 C C r l c 500000 0 rl 1 QJ 0 0 0O N 3 5 tj size V school0 0 education C C 0 24 0 u U P nonrespondents 25 respondents00 f Q CM respondentsnonrespondents0 3 n M v 0 p i o graduate3 6s W Q 0 u JG 0 M y 0 1800 1800 CM C cn faf0 f 1 150000 9 12 high TABLECQ 1 C TABLEOQ 1 i C community3 C 0 E zoczonnon zonzoanon0 Z06E Z 0 0 r 1 u 1 r l u sample rl ucoumeJC oroomoX 6 0 aj4j 0 msp 4j faf3 i Y aj school0 25000 cr 23ro 19 cn C 4 0 N 4 414 1 U Q r v 0 0 lessmoosmoom p 1 0 0 r- c sample c cr in cn rim27 15 0 E 0 highmaon U 0 1 U E NP6 0

comparison rd comparison farm 23n 21 faf3 faf0 OJ M 3 Q L Q e 6 u0 u0

U P 0 u C c D sample0 0 sample 0 0o e G t5ta 6 C 0 C 3 0 U 0 0 J respondentsnonrespondents0 aj4j respondentsnonrespondents0 0 U HI U rlr l comparative Q r3ra comparativeH 1 r3ra r3ra r3ra 0 1 generalQ I1 generalU e C C e C C 0 zoazonnon0 D 0 zoczonnon0 Q u 2 0 u Z 0 c0ca

600 0 0 CN 42 25 M r QJ 0

600 oo 13n 800 5560i 55

p 0 55 cn 13 9 5155maomi rlr l 1 51r

10 4 C 0 Q 500 8 100 0 Q 4650domo1 C ageagomgoCP VD 0 46 respondentsnonrespondents

M 1 Q

2 N 45t 1 I1 0 5 11r C 4145 rtr t D zonzoanon r i 0 sample ri 26N Z 6 41 faf3 M 0 u5ua ozoomo

TABLECQ sas9 P 0 r0ra 400 414 1 3640t 4 8 0 generalU 36D c G n 0 u 0 p U 35 & bhooxe ro cr comparisonKC n 9 1 3 3 441 3135rammpammI1 0 rlr l e 0 31n u0

n9na 0 300 0 below rir i n 1800 Q 8 r 1 CQ

n P 1l C

sampleen 0 T e C 0 0 W J respondentsnonrespondents fo 10 comoarativecomparativeH Q 3 Q 1 generalU 6 C C 0 zoznoznon0 U U Z 0 119

TABLE 27

sacrament meeting attendance amilyfamilyI home evening frequency sacrament meeting FHE frefrequencyquency attendance weekly occilyboccocc ly never response weekly 70 48 17y17 30 almost weekly 20 31 12 23 occasionally 10 23 25 25 seldom never 1 1 46 23

NsNIS 100 192 204 283 279

includes categories twice month once month several times year 120

TABLE 28

family prayer family home evening frequency

FHE uency family prayer frequencyfree bency weekly occiloccbocc lyy never response daily 62 36 11 22 almost daily 16 19 6 6 occasionally 12 31 13 11 seldom never 2 8 56 11

response 9 6 14 50

NsN loo10010 000.0 192 204 283 279

includes categories once week twice month several times year 121

TABLE 29

temple going family home evening frequency

going FHE frequency temple weekly occilyoccbocc ly never response weekly 4 2 1 4 once twice month 24 11 5 8 several times year 54 55 18 26 rarely never 15 28 71 25 response 4 4 6 37

Ns 100 192 204 283 279 7 Q ro 19 53 28 43 c 3FQ m CM i 0 1J M p 0 4 t7ta CN r i U belief high 2 21ri 0 r i 11i r78 9 ri rir oj predisposition0 1 Q 10 i 1rh 0 500 500 6vd H veryn 0 3 0 y 0 e en r Q 0 0 17 83n 1800 religiouscn H 4 1 4 ro p r secularism y G l ro 0 188amm rlr 3 19 o 3 m56 25N rtr t U e Q i U 43 2800 1 W 25 CM r 1 n 2 4 aj4j CP C 4 C 0 secularism3 high 0 P r 14 0 14sl 0 C 86 4 U 3 1 0 rir i consistently J C u 10 1 0 0 0 commitmentaj4j cn en U 1 i 0 25 participation 0 0 24 76 oj CM u P r C 6 0 vp o 0 5 0 p 0 0c U 0 PQ CM P predisposition0 3 18 52 30 u Q G m0 146awo Q 030 ro cj 0 0 10 n 0 4 6sp os r3ra 3 M tat3 4 CM r 00 Q 2 17 28 55 18 decrease 0 1 cn U r r4ra t TABLECQ C H 0 T U religioust C medzoemoe YO 0 predisposition0 0 OS 0 E eveningC 1 12 88 17 rh Q 4 n 0 r 4 00 f 1 Q 0 4 p K sp muo M V OS mdt3 0 Q r ro 4 0 0 7 93 2800 Q H cr fn 0 e Q home levels0 vp 0 OS OS V 0 u ro cr f 3 23 48 29 0 C CM CM 107pobpon0 0 omittedaj4j t sp OS I U P 1 dimensions C OJ r- g family 2 0 17 83n 60 c e 0 rir i 00oo 0 U 0 n low0 E fc differentQ t 3 10 4 1 0 0 0 11 8 aj4j T m IM 100 c ra0 r 4 0 1l sp r4 0 Q OS 0 caamam r Q c 0 0 13 87 8 C 0 P C r 1 0 0 nonrespondents M 3 0 1000 respondentsQ C r4ra 10 4 u comparison r0ra rt 1 e r4ra i I1 10 participation M e weekly c 0 u 0 1 Ns zoznoznon0 QJ ra 0 4 fo H z Z secularismr3 P C 0 r 1 03 1 occasionally0 r 3 4 r3ra ip g H u Q & 1 U U 0 totalaj4j 0 0 V belief weekly almost0 seldom 0 U 0 E U rtr t never 0 FHE0 0 U Q 0 0 CQ fa 0 en z p NP 0 4r 28 54 11 0 CNJ rir i fh 0

aj4j FQ opiopt practice tp high 3 1800 63 19 r u 27CM 0 9 M 0 OH CM 1 2 5 32r 63n 19tt 6 downverynowyn m r 4 n 10 Q 1 NA 3 0 U 0 rd 0 10090 0 20 4 0 CM0 secularism rir i ot religiouscrcrlcyl i cri3 M U r 00oo r 1 4 35 58 7 0 m 600D U vp ro en iai0 3 14 66 020 93 p rlr l D OJ T 6 c c highcn 0 CNJ ro 0 0 2 3 400 57f 57 p 2 secularism0 vp 0 t 0 Q 0 r participation 1 0 5 95 37 predisposition0 U ot m u Q 31 U en 4 4 44r 500 6io 34 H T 0 en U r0ra 0 tj 1 CH U vp TABLEOQ c 3 160 64 020 81 cn 0 CM 00 C 4 vp t 0 P e 0 evening i rs y CM C 3 29 T Q U U H 2 2 CM 69 42 medium 0

predisposition0 y u Q sp levels 0 & u r 1 CD CM CM 1 8 92 D 0 0 ot 52 homemomoe 0 na 0 G n90 M r r CM j 4 37 56 7 32 c CU m en i

i different D family 3 1 020 54 260 46 e 414 CM lu CM 11 faf0 444 4 t low003 OS Q 1 CM r oo 2 11r 32 57 2800 414 1 n 10 CM 0 C C 10000 c r01 within 1 0 0 4 CM en 0 aj4j 4 4 92c 23CM 3 TJ Q comparisonn M 0 participationH y Ns weekly U ajqj Z 6 HO r3ra 0 0 aj4j C 0 U 1 02 r 1 u occasionally0 3 i4j e e3ea 4 04 1 U U 1 total4j practice r 011 aj U faf3 01oii weekly almost0 seldom00 0 r3ra M 0 U rir i never FHE53 0 r 1 U Q 0 &4 frialilai 0 en 2 p & Q U 4 0 0 0 0 C sp 0 high 0 CQ r experience 3 33n 0 27 M E m 40 N 15r l 0 rl NP D 1 6 x verymory CM 00 borm 2 100 45 45 38 0 f FQ 5 U U t 3 1 0 33 67 24 0 m CM 1 secularismoecularismrt p religious i tet fc trtriteiH U 4 0100 0 0 4 U 0 0 sp 0 Q rn 3 31 46 23 68 i ko0o ro N D k e hightp YP U H 0 c 1 c 2 11ch 590 030 r 0 0 rir i m 121161CM r3ra 1 secularism 4 P positionP 6 r3ra r 00oo 0 U 1 2 28 r700 54 participationl 0 0 1 Q U &9 U ro 4 17r 500 33 6D P 1l p0 rlr l ro 01 predis 32 G P ro d 0 D 1 r c 3 33 37 30 00 M P 0 E- m ro FQ0 48 1 cn H 3 dammeTABLECQ C htH t 43 mediumri 10 i T CM r evening 2 10 55 35 97 C U 1 r0i ro tt r 0 ri predisposition0 2 i Q 60 M 0 u5ua r 1 cr 00oo levels 1 3 19 78 58 rlr l 1 0 Q tat3 Q homeE 0 0 H sr aj4j Q 4 25CM 500 25CM 4 c sp 0 r4raiu ro cr ro ro U 3 39en 43 18 33 family differeddifferen rir i ro e 444 4 0 4 t CK low cr m 11 2 19 38 43 53 Q 3 rlr l n 414 1 0 C 0 1 C ro y ro c within 3 24 73 0 290 0 P 0 CM r 100 CM 10 H 1 0 4

comparison rt i fl r4ra t participation1 V & weekly4 r4ra b U 0 rtr t Ns 0 u 0 0 2 U c p OS G 0 G 1 r occasionally0 4 1 f3 D experience fa i e t 1 & 1 0 totalaj4j 5 0 weekly40almost seldom 0 c M 0 U r001 zonernever x FHE 0 r 4 U Q U M 2 0 V Z CT high 1 sp 3 0 ro M 3 13 52 35 31 0 i rir i n en 3 6 normnoryvery 0 f Q 4 1 apnp religiouscn 0 M i M r secularism3 2 rir 1 21 42 37 24 r r4ra 01 n CM Q 3 U 0 9 hilhllilo110llo OS 1 r CM 0 23n 77 22 0 M r CM C P 0 1 C p P 0 OS r3ra CT CM m i e high 3 25 52 23 84 gipgiolpP L M CM participation u H 6s 1 ra CM ID CM predisposition0 secularismr5 12 56 32 4 oi oj rir i en 106moo 1 U 2 0 0 1I 0 en Q y vp 33 OS en cn r l CM rior-run 1rl 3 32 65 57 C & 0 FQ in y 4 aj4j i eveningc sp hableOQTABLE 1 & y3ya 0 c 26 56 1800 390 0 ro CM en M t 3 4 P G D r i CM levels0 ri U 14 45 41 102mom homee medium r G 2 0 0 predisposition0 r4ra K 0 sp OS l 2 r CD ipi P 1 7 25 68 68 C T 1 CM D G G family 0 e OS1 faf0 differentG CQ en 3 861271 33 30 1 400 0 latalt 414 CM r en en 4 4 0 Q fm en 0 11 21 53 26o 57 C 4 low 2 CM CM 0 0 3 sp r 0 OS cn CM CM comparison c 12 260 3 CN 62 1000 CM 0 0 42 u d r 1 e knowledge p 0 0 1 U 0 en 1 1l participation 4 l cn c i weekly rlr u 1 G Q r3ra cn aj4j 0 C 0 na 3 l occasionally0 rlr 1 r3ra la14l4 6 r3ra rdknowledge 0 1 0 M 0 totalJ r0ra D weekly almost0 seldom 0 0 M 0 U fif i never E c FHErc 0 U 1 G fa 2 0 Z f r D 500 33 17 6 5 m m r t 29G 57 14 7 4 r rir i high rqaq ro r 23 53 24j- 17 c 3 n CN r4ra 1 VD withinc i 500 500 16 4 c rlr l d dolynolyvery 2 0 24 76 21 CNJ r- CM e e 1 0 10 0 ro CM cr 15in 63 22 4 1 1 fm 49 pietism 5 0 P dindio 0 secularism0 1 030y 45 25 56 rlr l CM 3 4 u en ra high 0 CM r4 0 i 3 17r 56o 27 52 0 U 3 c 4 oj c 0 FM D 00 ID CM personal0 0 4 6 58 36 0 4 M 2 ro 52 faf3 secularism C 1 CM 0 r 1 0 18 33ro & 0 3 rlr l 82 en 4 U p Q r r 1 37 37 26 W 5 m ro r 51

cn r r 34 predisposition0 0 76 17 4 en C Q 43 4 t r4ra 41 4 10 medium eveningC 4 FQ D U c 3 3 5 24 25 86 0 t5ta 0 Q M CM TABLECQ Q OQ M P 2 100 26 64 31rlr l 0 r 4 N D n y U r i CM homee predisposition0 1ri 0 18 82 28 0 0 en 4 CM 10 10 t t 27 46 27 00 5 fm CM 48 r U 4 levels 0 1 r l 0 familymcewan 4 21rl 500 29 34 e Q c CM CM ro 0 r 4 &4 p low 3 0 20 40 4 0 0CM 400 0 15 N C r 4 ra 0 0 2 11 2800 61r4 18 rlr l CM 0 11 r 4 C differentfl 4 r 0 0 27 73m 11rir i M 1 CM r r 4 100 t 4 0

comparison Q c 10000 ro e 0 0 10 p r 4 0 pietism4 r3ra U 0 cn 1 4 participation4 10 G U Ns 4 faf3 2 rir i 43 0 C 0 faf0 r 4 occasionally0 G rt i g r 1 U U total personal0 0 0 4 10 n3na 1 weekly almost0 seldom0 0 M u e u rir i zevernever U FHEK Q r 1 U Q 0 c fa 3 0 en Z 127

TABLE 35

family home evening participation socioeconomicsocio economic status

SES FFHE participation rank total low medium high Ns weekly almost 38 26 31310 0 192 occasionally 25 28 32 204 seldom never 37 46 37 283

total Ns 100 0 66 272 341 679 x2xa 6746.74 df 4 p 2020.20 C io1010.10

composite items range occupation 0 3 education 0 4 income 0 6 T 0 13 11 128

TABLE 36

family home evening participation age

FHE participation rank age totaltot al 20- 26- 36- 46 564- NsN 25 35 45 55 weekly almost 18 27 32 26 34 189 occasionally 19 30 41 29 28 201 seldom never 63 43 29 45 40 274

total Ns loolooxloov10ov100 69 160 160 121 154 664

2 xx2xa 370337.03 df 12 p oolooi001.001 C 2323.23 129

TABLE 37

family home evening participation community size rearing

community size FHE participation total rural small city urban Ns weekly almost 31 26 27 185 occasionally 32 27 31 203 seldom never 37 47 42 2692069

total Ns 100 247 168 242 657 x2xa 4154.15 dfd 4 P 5050.50 C 0808.08

community size rearing rancerange

rural farm 2500J small city 15000150000 1000001001000 urban 1000001001000 10000001000 000ooo ABSTRACT

purpose study describe explore three phenomenon LDS family home evening program 1 nature religious commitment LDS samplesampiesampiersampler 2 degree participation 3 relation certain religious secular variables data study made available researcher L flaussblaussmauss part larger study designed measure impact urbanism upon mormonism instrument modeled clockglock stark studies adapted random sample 958 members LDS church utah nature religious commitment found multidimensionalmulti dlmenslonaldimensional normative participation program low compared similar church programs none variables showed high correlation participation concluded church yet succeeded designing program meet needs church members weightier factors must account participation andor participationnonparticipationnon program those tested