Style Guide for Publications of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
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Style Guide for Publications of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Fourth Edition Published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Salt Lake City, Utah This document is subject to revision. Send comments and suggestions to: Editing 50 East North Temple Street, Room 2390 Salt Lake City, UT 84150-3222 © 1972, 1978, 1996, 2009 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America English approval: 2/06 Contents Preface . v. Em Dash Parentheses 1 . Style Reference Sources . 1. Brackets Slash 2 . Writing for Church Publications . 2. Quotation Marks Lists Determine the Document’s Purpose Define the Audience 7 . Spelling and Distinctive Treatment Gather Information of Words . 21. Create a Preliminary Outline Standard for Spelling Compose Effective Paragraphs Ligatures Compose Effective Sentences Plurals 3 . Manuscript Preparation . 7. Possessives Word Division General Guidelines Italics Heading Levels in Manuscripts Compound Words 4 . Copyrights, Permissions, and 8 . Names and Terms . 25. Publishing Information . 9. General Principles of Capitalization Intellectual Reserve, Inc. Church Positions and Offices The Intellectual Property Office Church Buildings Determining Whether Permission Is Required Temples Responsibilities of Originators Places and Historic Sites Selecting from Available Sources General Church Funds Use of Church-Sponsored Materials Church Organizations Use of Privately Owned Materials Church Meetings Publishing Information Awards English Approval Date Time Zones Copyright Notices Kinship Names Bar Code Names and Titles of Deity Church Logotype Distinguished Religious Persons Registered Trademarks Saint(s) Church 5 . Grammar and Usage . 13 Priesthood Nouns Used as Modifiers Religious Writings Use of Gender-Specific Pronouns Religious Terms Agreement of Pronouns and Antecedents 9 . Titles of Works . 39. O and Oh That and Which Italics and Quotation Marks in Titles Who and Whom Punctuation and Capitalization in Titles Usage and Spelling of Church Terms Titles of Artwork in Church Publications 6 . Punctuation . 17. 10 . Computer and Internet Terms..............43 Typographic Considerations Spellings of Computer Terms Comma Names of Computer Software Colon Web Site Addresses Question Mark Web Site Navigation Instructions Hyphen Web Site and E-Mail Addresses in Text En Dash 11 . Quotations . 47. 16 . Source Citations, Notes, and Bibliographies . .63 Integrity in Quoting Permissible Changes Editions and Printings Relationship to Text Form of Source Citations Initial Capital or Lowercase Letter Specific Source Citation Issues Introducing Quotations Full and Shortened Citations Ellipses Punctuation of Parenthetical Source Citations Italics Added Cross-References Phrases Ending with Amen Block Quotations Scripture References 12 . Numbers . 51. Quoting the Words of Church Presidents Sample Citations: Scriptures Numerals or Words Sample Citations: Leadership Materials Physical Quantities Sample Citations: Curriculum Manuals Fractions and Percentages Sample Citations: Pamphlets and Booklets Money Sample Citations: Hymnbooks Parts of a Book Sample Citations: Books Dates Sample Citations: Magazines, Newspapers, and Telelphone Numbers Journals Inclusive Numbers Sample Citations: Documents Published Online 13 . Letters and Notices . 53. Sample Citations: Works Not Formally Published Letters from the Presiding Councils Sample Bibliographic Entries Signature Blocks for Letters from the Presiding Quotations Frequently Misattributed Councils Notices from Church Headquarters 17 . Scouting Terminology . 73. Addressee Lines for Correspondence from Cub Scouting Terms Church Headquarters Terms Relating to Scouts 14 . Use of Latter-day Saint Titles . 57. Varsity and Explorer Terms General Scouting Terms 15 . Abbreviations . 59. List of Names and Terms . 75 Punctuation of Abbreviations Names and Titles Terms No Longer Current in Geographical Terms Church Usage ............................85 Designations of Time The Standard Works Preface Effective communication and high quality in printed concern, Chicago’s policy has been restated in this materials depend on conformity to established writ- guide. Cross-references in this guide also direct the ing principles. Endnotes, for example, should be set reader to appropriate sections in the 15th edition of in a certain form; punctuation is governed by a num- Chicago for further information. ber of principles; italics have particular purposes and The principles presented in this style guide and The should not be used indiscriminately. Although style Chicago Manual of Style are recommended as guide- guidelines are subject to change, the consistent use of lines for maintaining clarity and consistency. Although such principles provides clarity, high quality commu- variations from these standards should not be based nication, and minimal confusion. merely on personal preference, specific documents or The Style Guide is not intended to answer all ques- passages may call for a style different from that rec- tions of style. Because Church publications generally ommended. The needs of the particular document or follow the principles suggested in the 15th edition of context must be considered, and the principles must The Chicago Manual of Style (published by the Univer- be applied judiciously. sity of Chicago Press and herein referred to as Chi- In the examples, parentheses are used to enclose addi- cago), this guide is concerned primarily with matters tional forms or combinations of the specific example. in which Church style differs from that of Chicago or Brackets are used to enclose information about the is more specific than Chicago’s suggestions. Occasion- example. ally, when a matter of style seems to be of particular v Style Reference Sources 1 1.1 Except for the variations specified in this guide, Roy H. Copperud, American Usage and Style: The the style in Church publications follows the Consensus (Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1980) guidelines given in the most recent edition H. W. Fowler, A Dictionary of Modern English of The Chicago Manual of Style (University of Usage, 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press, 1965) Chicago Press), currently the 15th edition. Bergen and Cornelia Evans, A Dictionary of 1.2 The standard reference for the spelling and Contemporary American Usage (Random House, meaning of words and for end-of-line divisions 1957) is the latest edition of the Collegiate dictionar- Theodore M. Bernstein, The Careful Writer: A ies of Merriam-Webster, currently Merriam- Modern Guide to English Usage (Atheneum, Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th edition). 1968) In case of discrepancies between Chicago and Wilson Follett, Modern American Usage (Hill Merriam-Webster’s (especially in capitalization, and Wang, 1966) hyphenation of compounds, or end-of-line breaks), follow the principles recommended H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, The Little, in Chicago. If further help is needed, consult Brown Handbook, 10th ed. (Pearson Longman, Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 2007) (Merriam-Webster). In case of discrepancies be- William Zinsser, On Writing Well, rev. ed. tween the Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate and the (HarperCollins, 2006) Third International, follow the Merriam-Webster’s Strunk and White, The Elements of Style, 4th ed. Collegiate; it represents the latest thinking on (Allyn and Bacon, 2000) the matter (see Chicago 7.1). 1.3 For information about vocabulary, correct us- age, and general principles of grammar, con- sult the following works: Roget’s International Thesaurus, 6th ed. (Harper- Collins Publishers, 2001) 1 Writing for Church Publications 2 Determine the Document’s Purpose problems and be meaningful to people from different cultures. 2.1 Before you begin writing, determine the pur- pose of the document you are preparing. State Gather Information this purpose clearly in the first paragraph. To help you determine the purpose, ask questions 2.5 After determining the document’s purpose and such as: defining the audience, gather the information What do we want this document to accomplish? you will need to write the document. Make sure that all the information supports the pur- What do we want the reader to know? pose and will be useful to the readers. What do we want the reader to do? How do we want the reader to feel? Create a Preliminary Outline The purpose or thesis statement should help 2.6 After gathering information, organize it into a the reader understand what the document will preliminary outline. Most writing employs one say. It should predict and control everything of the methods of organization listed below. that will follow in the document. Choose the method that best suits the docu- ment’s purpose and audience: Define the Audience Chronological 2.2 Before you begin writing, clearly define the au- Most important to least important dience that will read the document. To help do Cause and effect this, ask questions such as: Comparison and contrast What is the reader’s level of knowledge and experience? 2.7 Make sure that main and subordinate ideas What is the reader’s age? are clearly distinguished and that they relate clearly to the main ideas they support. Main What is the reader’s attitude toward the subject? ideas should relate to the main purpose of the What level of formality does the reader expect? entire document. What will the reader do with the information? 2.8 Make sure that the most important information 2.3 The audience for Church publications often in a document is in the most accessible