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"A Fine Field": Rio De Janeiro's Journey to Become a Center of Strength for the LDS Church

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Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2016-03-01 "A Fine Field": Rio de Janeiro's Journey to Become a Center of Strength for the LDS Church Garret S. Shields Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Religion Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Shields, Garret S., ""A Fine Field": Rio de Janeiro's Journey to Become a Center of Strength for the LDS Church" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 6213. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6213 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. “A Fine Field”: Rio de Janeiro’s Journey to Become a Center of Strength for the LDS Church Garret S. Shields A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Alonzo L. Gaskill, Chair Mark L. Grover Jared Ludlow Department of Religious Education Brigham Young University March 2016 Copyright © 2016 Garret S. Shields All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT “A Fine Field”: Rio de Janeiro’s Journey to Become a Center of Strength for the LDS Church Garret S. Shields Department of Religious Education, BYU Master of Arts The purpose of this work is to chronicle the growth of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from its earliest beginnings in the late 1930s to the events surrounding the revelation on the priesthood in 1978. This thesis will show that as the Church in Rio became less American and more Brazilian, Church growth accelerated. When missionaries first began working in the city, its membership, leadership, culture, and even language was based on North American society and practices, and the Church struggled to establish itself. Only as these aspects of the Church became more Brazilian did it begin to have greater success in the area. This survey history of the Church in Rio de Janeiro will begin in 1935 with the influential work of Daniel Shupe—a North American Church member who lived and worked in Rio and translated the Book of Mormon into Portuguese. We will then examine the work of the missionaries both before and after World War II, the growth of Brazilian Church leadership in the city, and how the Church established itself as a center of strength for the Church. Finally, our study will conclude with the 1978 revelation extending the priesthood to all worthy male members regardless of race and the immediate influence of that shift on the Church inthe city. The focus of this work will be on the major factors and most influential individuals that affect Church growth and stability in Rio, thereby providing an in-depth study of the effects of language, culture, leadership, and race on the Church in this intriguing and influential city. Keywords: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, missionary work, growth of the international Church, Book of Mormon translation, native Church leadership, blacks and the priesthood ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When I started this graduate program almost four years ago, I had the ambitious idea to write the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As a member of the Church who served his two-year mission in Rio, it would be a dream come true. Over the course of this graduate degree, it has taken help from many people to turn my dream into a reality. I would like to start by thanking my wonderful thesis committee: Alonzo Gaskill, Mark Grover, and Jared Ludlow. Without their help and guidance, this project would never have become a quality academic work. Additionally, Alonzo Gaskill has become a close personal friend and mentor. Also, Mark Grover, who has been the expert in this field his whole career, has been so generous with his time, materials, and counsel. I would not have even known where or how to start this project without his help and assistance. I have also received great help from the wonderful missionaries and staff at the Church History Library. I spent hours there every week for almost a year, and owe them my great thanks. I especially received great counsel and guidance from two staff members with expertise on Church history in Latin America: Matt Geilman and Mike Landon. I was also very fortunate to become acquainted with some wonderful men and women who served missions in Rio de Janeiro in the past. These great people invited me into their homes and shared their photos, mission materials, and memories with me. Working with them was one of the great privileges of this whole project. I also feel to thank the wonderful professors that helped me through this whole graduate program. I learned a great deal from each of them. Richard Bennett planted in me a love for research in primary sources and taught me that writing the history is the price we pay for the privilege of researching these fascinating topics. Richard Cowan and J.B. Haws first guided me through the challenging waters of Church history research in the twentieth century. The list of wonderful teachers that have mentored me through this program goes on and on. Additionally, my fellow cohort members became some of my very best friends. They helped me through the difficult challenges my family has experienced during this program and inspired and encouraged me to become the best scholar I can be. Additionally, I could not have accomplished this project without the help and support of my wonderful family. My parents, Scott and Kim Shields, instilled in me a love for education. My parents-in-law, Kevin and Cindy Eppich, have been some of my biggest supporters through this whole program. My greatest appreciation, however, goes to my heavenly wife, Karli. Before I started this degree, I asked a friend for advice on how to successfully get a graduate degree. His response was: “Have a great wife!” Well, Karli is the greatest. I feel inadequate attempting to describe in a few sentences all that Karli has done for me and for our little family during these last few years. Approximately two years into this graduate program, we were blessed with an adorable little girl, Sarah. Karli has, at times, acted as a single parent while I have spent late nights, early mornings, and long weekends on this thesis. I know that I could not have hoped and dreamed for a more amazing spouse to have at my side through all the experiences of this life and beyond. More than anything else, this work is a tribute to the greatness of my beautiful, wonderful wife. Lastly, I feel to thank my Father in Heaven who first gave me the inspiration to start this project and then empowered and encouraged me every step of the way. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: “A Fine Field” ..................................................................................................................... 1 A Brief History of the Expansion of the LDS Church ............................................................................. 2 Rio de Janeiro ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Race, the Priesthood, and Rio de Janeiro ................................................................................................. 7 Historiography and Relevance .................................................................................................................. 11 Thesis Overview and Methodology ......................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: Initial Establishment of the Church (1935-45) ................................................... 19 Daniel G. Shupe and the Portuguese Translation of The Book of Mormon ............................... 21 Missionaries Arrive in Rio de Janeiro ..................................................................................................... 31 The Missionaries Leave ............................................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 3: Reestablishment of the Church (1945-1958) ...................................................... 53 Missionaries Return to Rio de Janeiro ................................................................................................... 55 Attempting Brazilian Leadership ............................................................................................................. 67 Chapter 4: Significant Growth (1958-1968) .............................................................................. 80 Member Organizations ................................................................................................................................ 83 Missionary Work ............................................................................................................................................ 95 Chapter 5: Center of
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