DOCSLIB.ORG

The Boeing 737 Max: Examining the Federal Aviation Administration's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Boeing 737 Max: Examining the Federal Aviation Administration's THE BOEING 737 MAX: EXAMINING THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION’S OVERSIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT’S CERTIFICATION (116–46) HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION DECEMBER 11, 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( Available online at: https://www.govinfo.gov/committee/house-transportation?path=/ browsecommittee/chamber/house/committee/transportation U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 40–697 PDF WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:44 Jun 26, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\HEARINGS\116\FULL\12-11-~1\TRANSC~1\40221.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon, Chair ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, SAM GRAVES, Missouri District of Columbia DON YOUNG, Alaska EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas ERIC A. ‘‘RICK’’ CRAWFORD, Arkansas RICK LARSEN, Washington BOB GIBBS, Ohio GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky STEVE COHEN, Tennessee MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania JOHN GARAMENDI, California RODNEY DAVIS, Illinois HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia ROB WOODALL, Georgia ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana JOHN KATKO, New York DINA TITUS, Nevada BRIAN BABIN, Texas SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New York GARRET GRAVES, Louisiana JARED HUFFMAN, California DAVID ROUZER, North Carolina JULIA BROWNLEY, California MIKE BOST, Illinois FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida RANDY K. WEBER, SR., Texas DONALD M. PAYNE, JR., New Jersey DOUG LAMALFA, California ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California BRUCE WESTERMAN, Arkansas MARK DESAULNIER, California LLOYD SMUCKER, Pennsylvania STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands PAUL MITCHELL, Michigan STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts BRIAN J. MAST, Florida SALUD O. CARBAJAL, California, Vice Chair MIKE GALLAGHER, Wisconsin ANTHONY G. BROWN, Maryland GARY J. PALMER, Alabama ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York BRIAN K. FITZPATRICK, Pennsylvania TOM MALINOWSKI, New Jersey JENNIFFER GONZA´ LEZ-COLO´ N, GREG STANTON, Arizona Puerto Rico DEBBIE MUCARSEL-POWELL, Florida TROY BALDERSON, Ohio LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas ROSS SPANO, Florida COLIN Z. ALLRED, Texas PETE STAUBER, Minnesota SHARICE DAVIDS, Kansas CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia ABBY FINKENAUER, Iowa GREG PENCE, Indiana JESU´ S G. ‘‘CHUY’’ GARCI´A, Illinois ANTONIO DELGADO, New York CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire ANGIE CRAIG, Minnesota HARLEY ROUDA, California CONOR LAMB, Pennsylvania (II) VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:44 Jun 26, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\HEARINGS\116\FULL\12-11-~1\TRANSC~1\40221.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER CONTENTS Page STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Hon. Peter A. DeFazio, a Representative in Congress from the State of Or- egon, and Chair, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 1 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 4 Hon. Sam Graves, a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri, and Ranking Member, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 7 Hon. Rick Larsen, a Representative in Congress from the State of Wash- ington, and Chair, Subcommittee on Aviation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 7 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 8 Hon. Garret Graves, a Representative in Congress from the State of Lou- isiana, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Aviation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 8 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 10 Hon. Eddie Bernice Johnson, a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas, prepared statement .............................................................................. 153 Hon. Frederica S. Wilson, a Representative in Congress from the State of Florida, prepared statement ................................................................................ 153 WITNESSES PANEL 1 Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, accompanied by Earl Lawrence, Executive Director, Aircraft Certification Service, Federal Aviation Administration: Oral statement of Hon. Dickson ...................................................................... 11 Prepared statement of Hon. Dickson .............................................................. 13 Matthew Kiefer, Member, Technical Advisory Board: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 16 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 18 PANEL 2 Edward F. Pierson, Former Senior Manager, Boeing, appearing in his indi- vidual capacity: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 72 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 74 G. Michael Collins, Former Aerospace Engineer, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, appearing in his individual capacity: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 113 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 114 Mica R. Endsley, Ph.D., appearing on behalf of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 118 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 120 John M. Cox, Chief Executive Officer, Safety Operating Systems: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 133 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 135 (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:44 Jun 26, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\HEARINGS\116\FULL\12-11-~1\TRANSC~1\40221.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER IV Page SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Slides, Submitted by Hon. DeFazio: Slide based on FAA’s post-Lion Air ‘‘Quantitative Risk Assessment,’’ Dec. 3, 2018 ............................................................................................................ 20, 62 Slide based on United Airlines flight 232 crash of DC–10 on July 18, 1989, in Sioux City, IA ................................................................................. 22 Slide based on crashes of 1989 USAir flight 5050 and 2008 Continental Airlines flight 1404 ....................................................................................... 22 Slide based on Boeing’s MCAS ‘‘Coordination Sheet,’’ dive recovery, June 11, 2018 .......................................................................................................... 59 Slide of letter from then-FAA Acting Administrator Dan Elwell to Chair DeFazio regarding 737 MAX AOA Disagree Alert, July 11, 2019 ............ 66 Slide based on Boeing’s MCAS ‘‘Coordination Sheet,’’ 10 seconds cata- strophic, June 11, 2018 ................................................................................. 68 Lists A and B, Submitted by Hon. DeFazio: 9/11/2015 EASA letter to FAA ......................................................................... 155 3/21/1997 Issue Paper ...................................................................................... 157 2/11/2015 FAA Letter to Boeing ...................................................................... 162 FAA-DeFazio—28834–28842 TAD Corrective Action Review Board (CARB) Presentation Form .......................................................................... 165 FAA-DeFazio—28843–28860 Safety Review Board information .................. 174 FAA-DeFazio—32891–32938 Presentation: BCA Airplane Programs, Or- ganization Designation Authorization Technical Review Board ............... 192 Article of October 7, 2019, ‘‘Airline Went Into Records After MAX Crash, Engineer Says,’’ by Bernard Condon, Submitted by Hon. Perry ...................... 34 APPENDIX Questions from Hon. Peter A. DeFazio for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Adminis- trator, Federal Aviation Administration ............................................................ 241 Questions from Hon. Frederica S. Wilson for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Ad- ministrator, Federal Aviation Administration ................................................... 253 Questions from Hon. Andre´ Carson for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Adminis- trator, Federal Aviation Administration ............................................................ 255 Questions from Hon. Brian K. Fitzpatrick for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration .............................................. 256 Questions from Hon. Paul Mitchell for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Adminis- trator, Federal Aviation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nysba Spring 2020 | Vol
    NYSBA SPRING 2020 | VOL. 31 | NO. 2 Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Journal A publication of the Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section of the New York State Bar Association In This Issue n A Case of “Creative Destruction”: Takeaways from the 5Pointz Graffiti Dispute n The American Actress, the English Duchess, and the Privacy Litigation n The Battle Against the Bots: The Legislative Fight Against Ticket Bots ....and more www.nysba.org/EASL NEW YORK STATE BAR ASSOCIATION In The Arena: A Sports Law Handbook Co-sponsored by the New York State Bar Association and the Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section As the world of professional athletics has become more competitive and the issues more complex, so has the need for more reliable representation in the field of sports law. Written by dozens of sports law attorneys and medical professionals, In the Arena: A Sports Law Handbook is a reflection of the multiple issues that face athletes and the attorneys who represent them. Included in this book are chapters on representing professional athletes, NCAA enforcement, advertising, sponsorship, intellectual property rights, doping, concussion-related issues, Title IX and dozens of useful appendices. Table of Contents Intellectual Property Rights and Endorsement Agreements How Trademark Protection Intersects with the Athlete’s EDITORS Right of Publicity Elissa D. Hecker, Esq. Collective Bargaining in the Big Three David Krell, Esq. Agency Law Sports, Torts and Criminal Law PRODUCT INFO AND PRICES 2013 | 539 pages Role of Advertising and Sponsorship in the Business of Sports PN: 4002 (Print) Doping in Sport: A Historical and Current Perspective PN: 4002E (E-Book) Athlete Concussion-Related Issues Non-Members $80 Concussions—From a Neuropsychological and Medical Perspective NYSBA Members $65 In-Arena Giveaways: Sweepstakes Law Basics and Compliance Issues Order multiple titles to take advantage of our low flat Navigating the NCAA Enforcement Process rate shipping charge of $5.95 per order, regardless of the number of items shipped.
    [Show full text]
  • The Boeing Company 2012 Annual Report at Boeing, We Aspire to Be the Strongest, Best and Best-Integrated Aerospace- Based Company in the World— for Today and Tomorrow
    The Boeing Company 2012 Annual Report At Boeing, we aspire to be the strongest, best and best-integrated aerospace- based company in the world— for today and tomorrow. The Boeing Company Contents Boeing is the world’s largest aerospace Operational Summary 1 company and leading manufacturer Message From Our Chairman 2 of commercial airplanes and defense, space and security systems. The top The Executive Council 7 U.S. exporter, Boeing supports airlines and U.S. and allied government cus- Financial Results 8 tomers in more than 150 countries. Our Form 10-K 9 products and tailored services include commercial and military aircraft, satel- Selected Programs, lites, weapons, electronic and defense Products and Services 122 systems, launch systems, advanced Shareholder Information 129 information and communication sys- Cover photo: The liquid tems, and performance-based logistics Board of Directors 130 hydrogen–powered high- and training. With corporate offices in Company Officers 130 altitude long-endurance Chicago, Boeing employs more than Phantom Eye unmanned 174,000 people across the United aircraft system States and in 70 countries. In addition, Photo above: The new our enterprise leverages the talents of 737 MAX—designed for hundreds of thousands of skilled people maximum efficiency, reliabil- working for Boeing suppliers worldwide. ity and customer appeal Financial Highlights U.S. dollars in millions except per share data 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 Revenues 81,698 68,735 64,306 68,281 60,909 Net earnings 3,900 4,018 3,307 1,312 2,672 Earnings per share* 5.11 5.33 4.46 1.87 3.65 Operating margins 7.7% 8.5% 7.7% 3.1% 6.5% Operating cash flow 7,508 4,023 2,952 5,603 (401) Contractual backlog 372,355 339,657 303,955 296,500 323,860 Total backlog† 390,228 355,432 320,826 315,558 351,926 * Represents diluted earnings per share from continuing operations.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF} Miracle on the Hudson Kindle
    MIRACLE ON THE HUDSON PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Bill Prochnau | 254 pages | 28 Dec 2010 | Random House USA Inc | 9780345520456 | English | New York, United States MIracle on the Hudson PDF Book Where is it now? Diane Higgins. Elizabeth Davis. Sullenberger retired in March At p. Emerging technology may provide other tools. New Jersey. Sanchez at gabriel. Passengers got out on the wings and inflatable rafts as commuter ferries raced to the rescue. Ad Choices. Sullenberger and the rest of the crew received multiple awards and accolades for their feat. Alternate Versions. Language: English. And it should be an important part of teamwork training. What became known as the Miracle on the Hudson was hardly that. That crash made experts worry that a similar disaster could happen to a large civilian airplane. The sound was like an explosion. Technical Specs. A handful of passengers had serious injuries, but most were treated for minor ones. Harris has also never forgotten what that day taught him about what really mattered: his wife and thenyear-old son. The smoke filling the cabin. Amy Tikkanen Amy Tikkanen is the general corrections manager, handling a wide range of topics that include Hollywood, politics, books, and anything related to the Titanic. The importance of training a team is loud and clear during a crisis. The aircraft was moved to Kearney, New Jersey, where analysis of the accident continued. This site uses cookies. Clint comes through in breath-taking fashion. There aren't necessarily that many more strikes occurring, he said. Oops Looks like your browser doesn't support JavaScript.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoar Named Senior VP; Several New Vps Appointed
    VOLUME 52 NUMBER 1 JANUARY 1.5, 1989 Hoar Named Senior VP; Several New VPs Appointed J. William Hoar has been named abethtown College in senior vice president, employee rela­ Pennsylvania and served tions. He will keep offices at TWA seven years with the U.S. headquarters in Mt. Kisco and in Navy. J. William Hoar Gary Bowring J. J. McCarthy Joseph Nemecek Steve Slade Kansas City. C. Gary Bowring has been promoted John J. McCarthy has been pro- Nemecek, who has served almost 30 Hoar will be responsible for the de­ to vice president, engineering and rooted to vice president, maintenance years with TWA, also has held various velopment and implementation of quality assurance, headquartered in operations, headquartered in Kansas management positions in electronics employee relations policies and pro­ Kansas City. Bowring has headed the engineering and jet aircraft engine pro- City. He had served as staff vice presi- · grams. He will retain duties in hotel engineering and quality assurance areas dent, maintenance operations, MCI, duction scheduling. administration, the Travel Academy since 1986 when he joined TWA since 1985. He is co-inventor and a patent holder and as chairman of TWA' s task force Prior to that, Bowring was vice presi­ McCarthy has worked in various on the automatic throttle control system on on-time performance. e dent, engineering and maintenance for capacities for TWA for more than 30 used by TWA on its Boeing Mod l 707 Hoar had served as vice president, Ozark Air L�es. He has served in years. Prior to 1985, he was director, and 727 aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Boeing 737-300, 9H-ABT
    Boeing 737-300, 9H-ABT AAIB Bulletin No: 5/98 Ref: EW/C97/8/3Category: 1.1 Aircraft Type and Registration: Boeing 737-300, 9H-ABT No & Type of Engines: 2 CFM56 turbofan engines Year of Manufacture: 1993 Date & Time (UTC): 1 August 1997 at 0943 hrs Location: On approach to Manchester Airport Type of Flight: Public Transport Persons on Board: Crew - 7 - Passengers - 93 Injuries: Crew - None - Passengers - None Nature of Damage: Nil Commander's Licence: Airline Transport Pilot's Licence Commander's Age: 49 years Commander's Flying Experience: 11,765 hours (of which 7,500 hours were on type) Last 90 days - 255 hours Last 28 days - 96 hours Information Source: AAIB Field Investigation History of flight The crew were operating a scheduled flight, as AMC 202, from Maltato Manchester. For the first part of the flight, the first officerwas the handling pilot. However, the forecast weather at Manchesterindicated that Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) would be requiredand, in accordance with company procedures, this would requirethe commander in the left seat to be the handling pilot. Therefore,towards the end of the cruise, the commander took over the handlingduties and the first officer assumed the normal non-handling dutiesincluding the radio monitoring and response. Prior to flight,the commander had confirmed the serviceability of the aircraftand noted that there were no 'Carried Forward Defects' in theTechnical Log; additionally, he had also confirmed that both thefirst officer and himself were qualified to carry out the expectedLVP approach. Throughout the flight, the aircraft was fully serviceable. Before descent, the crew obtained the airport weather informationand the commander briefed for the expected approach to Runway24 at Manchester.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report Volume I (2012) Appendices
    APPENDIX Appendix A. Glossary A A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL: The sound pressure level which has been filtered or weighted to reduce the influence of low and high frequency (dBA). AC: Advisory Circular published by the Federal Aviation Administration. ADPM: Average Day of the Peak Month AFB: Air Force Base AGL: Above Ground Level AIA: Annual Instrument Approaches AICUZ: Air Installation Compatible Use Zones define areas of compatible land use around military airfields. AIP: Airport Improvement Program of the FAA. AIR CARRIER: The commercial system of air transportation, consisting of the certificated air carriers, air taxis (including commuters), supplemental air carriers, commercial operators of large aircraft, and air travel clubs. AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR: The main landing gear consists on a single wheel under each wing. Single-wheel landing gear typically used on a single-engine aircraft that weighs less than 20,000 pounds. 91 APPENDIX AIRCRAFT MIX: The relative percentage of operations conducted at an airport by each of four classes of aircraft differentiated by gross takeoff weight and number of engines. AIRCRAFT OPERATION: The airborne movement of aircraft in controlled or non-controlled airport terminal areas and about a given en route fix or at other points where counts can be made. There are two types of operations - local and itinerant. An operation is counted for each landing and each departure, such that a touch-and-go flight is counted as two operations. AIRCRAFT TYPES: An arbitrary classification system which identifies and groups aircraft having similar operational characteristics for the purpose of computing runway capacity. AIR NAVIGATIONAL FACILITY (NAVAID): Any facility used for guiding or controlling flight in the air or during the landing or takeoff of an aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • “Where-To-Land” Decision Function for an Expert Piloting System (EPS) for Piloted and Autonomous Air Vehicles (Phase II)
    Development of a “where-to-land” decision function for an expert piloting system (EPS) for piloted and autonomous air vehicles (Phase II) Principal Investigator: Jinu Idicula (NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center) Abstract: High Level Overview “We can’t do it... We’re gonna be in the Hudson.” Capt. Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger. These words were spoken just minutes before Flight 1549 ditched into the Hudson River only minutes after takeoff from LaGuardia Airport on January 15th, 2009. The aircraft, an Airbus A320, had struck a flock of Canadian geese disabling both of its engines and rendering the aircraft a glider during initial climb-out. After a quick assessment of the situation and analyzing the options for his crippled aircraft, Capt. Chesley Sullenberger, or “Sully”, a veteran pilot of 40 years and 19,000 flying hours, made a decision to attempt a water landing in Hudson. His decisions remarkably saved all 155 passengers on-board his aircraft as well as many other potential victims on the ground. In general, the commercial airline industry depends on expert pilots like Sully to make critical decisions in complex emergency situations. However, there are many situations which either the pilots are not as experienced as Sully, lack his exceptional situational awareness, or are encumbered by technological limitations (such as in a UAV). In these circumstances, a system that automatically makes the decision as to where to land, ditch, or even crash an air vehicle in order to minimize the amount of damage which occurs to the aircraft and the amount of damage and/or loss that occurs on the ground is needed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collapse of DOHSA's Historic Application to Litigation Arising from High Seas Commercial Airline Accidents, 65 J
    Journal of Air Law and Commerce Volume 65 | Issue 4 Article 7 2000 Flying over Troubled Waters: The olC lapse of DOHSA's Historic Application to Litigation Arising from High Seas Commercial Airline Accidents Jad J. Stepp Michael J. AuBuchon Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc Recommended Citation Jad J. Stepp et al., Flying over Troubled Waters: The Collapse of DOHSA's Historic Application to Litigation Arising from High Seas Commercial Airline Accidents, 65 J. Air L. & Com. 805 (2000) https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol65/iss4/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Air Law and Commerce by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. FLYING OVER TROUBLED WATERS: THE COLLAPSE OF DOHSA'S HISTORIC APPLICATION TO LITIGATION ARISING FROM HIGH SEAS COMMERCIAL AIRLINE ACCIDENTS JAD J. STEPP* MICHAEL J. AUBUCHON** TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................. 807 II. D O H SA ............................................ 809 A. THE STATUTE ................................... 809 B. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY ........................... 810 III. TRANS WORLD AIRLINES FLIGHT 800 LITIGATIO N ....................................... 811 A. INTRODUCTION ................................. 811 B. BACKGROUND ................................... 811 C. MOTION TO DISMISS NONPECUNIARY DAMAGES- SDNY's DECISION ............................... 811 D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fond Farewell to Ve Fantastic Eets
    NEWS RELEASE A fond farewell to ve fantastic eets 4/30/2020 Last month, American Airlines announced plans to accelerate the retirement of some older, less fuel-ecient aircraft from its eet sooner than originally planned. As ying schedules and aircraft needs are ne-tuned during this period of record low demand, American will take the unique step of retiring a total of ve aircraft types. American has ocially retired the Embraer E190 and Boeing 767 eets, which were originally scheduled to retire by the end of 2020. The airline has also accelerated the retirement of its Boeing 757s and Airbus A330-300s. Additionally, American is retiring 19 Bombardier CRJ200 aircraft operated by PSA Airlines. These changes remove operating complexity and will bring forward cost savings and eciencies associated with operating fewer aircraft types. It will also help American focus on ying more advanced aircraft as we continue receiving new deliveries of the Airbus A321neo and the Boeing 737 MAX and 787 family. American’s narrowbody eet also becomes more simplied with just two cockpit types – the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737 families. This benets American’s operational performance through training eciency and streamlined maintenance. American continues to evaluate its schedule and remains committed to caring for customers on life’s journey. These changes will help American continue to provide a reliable travel experience around the world, even during these uncertain times. Here’s a snapshot of the aircraft exiting American’s eet: Airbus A330-300 — Blue Sky News/Pittsburgh International AirportAirbus A330-300 1 Joined the US Airways eet in 2000 prior to joining American’s eet in 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • © All About Planners 1
    PEN COMPARISON PILOT SAKURA STAEDTLER ZEBRA PAPERMATE Fineliner Pilot Frixion Fineliner Pen Sakura Pigma Micron Pen Triplus Fineliner 0.3mm Zebra Zensations Sarasa Flair UF (Ultra Fine) Pilot Drawing Pen 0.8mm Fineliner Pen 0.8mm Flair M (Medium) Zebra Mackee Care Refillable Double-Sided Marker Extra Fine/Fine Gel Pen Pop’Lol 0.7mm Gelly Roll Maxum Gel Ink Pens 0.4, Sarasa Clip 0.5mm Inkjoy Gel 0.7 Juice Up 0.4mm Ballsign 0.5mm 0.5mm G2 Gel Pen 0.7mm Ballpoint Pen Acroball 0.5mm, S20 ballpoint Grasso Ball Ballpoint 0.7mm Concrete Ballpoint Pen - Retractable - 0.7mm Inkjoy 100 Ball 1.0M 0.7mm medium point 1mm Mini Ballpoint pen - 0.7mm Kilometrico Emulsion Ink - 0.7mm InkJoy 300RT Ballpoint Dual Tip Pen Futayaku Double-sided Brush No Twin-tip handwriting pens 3mm Mildliner Double-Sided No Pen Fine/Medium & 0.8mm Highlighter Brush Needle Tip Hi-Tec C Maica 0.4mm Sakura Pigma Micron No Liquid Rollerball Needle Pen - No 0.5mm Marker Pen Pilot Lettering Pen Sakura Pigma Calligrapher Pen Triplus Broadliner 0.8mm Sarasa Fineliner No Erasable Frixion Erasable 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, No No No Replay Erasable Gel Pen (but I 0.5, 0.7 & 0.9mm don’t recommend) Refillable Frixion Erasable No No No No Colors available Does it have a white Pop’Lol 0.7mm Gelly Roll No Yes No pen? Bright Pop’Lol 0.7mm Gelly Roll Moonlight Bright Triplus 0.3mm Fineliners Yes Yes Fluorescent Pastel Pop’Lol 0.7mm Gelly Roll Souffle Triplus 0.3mm Fineliners Yes Yes Neon Pop’Lol 0.7mm Gelly Roll Triplus 0.3mm Fineliners Yes No Metallic G2 Gel Pen 0.7mm Gelly Roll Metallic, Stardust Metallic Markers Yes PM300 Gel Performance Prone to ghosting or No Light ghosting Light ghosting No No bleed through? (Based on majority of pens from this brand) How long does the ink Depends how often you use Have had for 3+ years and ink Have had for 3+ years and ink Have had for 3+ years and ink Have had gel & ballpoint pens last? them.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: Changing the Balance of Power
    Volume 39 Issue 3 Article 1 1994 Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: Changing the Balance of Power Katharine F. Nelson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Katharine F. Nelson, Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: Changing the Balance of Power, 39 Vill. L. Rev. 525 (1994). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol39/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Villanova Law Review by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Nelson: Resolving Native American Land Claims and the Eleventh Amendment: VILLANOVA LAW REVIEW VOLUME 39 1994 NUMBER 3 RESOLVING NATIVE AMERICAN LAND CLAIMS AND THE ELEVENTH AMENDMENT: CHANGING THE BALANCE OF POWER KATHARINE F. NELSON* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................... 526 II. INDIAN TITLE AND THE NONINTERCOURSE ACT ........... 530 III. THE HISTORY OF TRIBAL ACCESS TO THE FEDERAL COURTS ................................................... 533 A. Before Oneida I and II. ....................... 533 B. O neida I .......................................... 542 C. O neida II ......................................... 543 IV. NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENTS ............................... 546 A. Land Claims ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • New Summary Report - 26 June 2015
    New Summary Report - 26 June 2015 1. How did you find out about this survey? Other 17% Email from Renaissance Art 83.1% Email from Renaissance Art 83.1% 539 Other 17.0% 110 Total 649 1 2. Where are you from? Australia/New Zealand 3.2% Asia 3.7% Europe 7.9% North America 85.2% North America 85.2% 553 Europe 7.9% 51 Asia 3.7% 24 Australia/New Zealand 3.2% 21 Total 649 2 3. What is your age range? old fart like me 15.4% 21-30 22% 51-60 23.3% 31-40 16.8% 41-50 22.5% Statistics 21-30 22.0% 143 Sum 20,069.0 31-40 16.8% 109 Average 36.6 41-50 22.5% 146 StdDev 11.5 51-60 23.3% 151 Max 51.0 old fart like me 15.4% 100 Total 649 3 4. How many fountain pens are in your collection? 1-5 23.3% over 20 35.8% 6-10 23.9% 11-20 17.1% Statistics 1-5 23.3% 151 Sum 2,302.0 6-10 23.9% 155 Average 5.5 11-20 17.1% 111 StdDev 3.9 over 20 35.8% 232 Max 11.0 Total 649 4 5. How many pens do you usually keep inked? over 10 10.3% 7-10 12.6% 1-3 40.7% 4-6 36.4% Statistics 1-3 40.7% 264 Sum 1,782.0 4-6 36.4% 236 Average 3.1 7-10 12.6% 82 StdDev 2.1 over 10 10.3% 67 Max 7.0 Total 649 5 6.
    [Show full text]