THE BOEING 737 MAX: EXAMINING THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION’S OVERSIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT’S CERTIFICATION (116–46) HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION DECEMBER 11, 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( Available online at: https://www.govinfo.gov/committee/house-transportation?path=/ browsecommittee/chamber/house/committee/transportation U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 40–697 PDF WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:44 Jun 26, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\HEARINGS\116\FULL\12-11-~1\TRANSC~1\40221.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon, Chair ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, SAM GRAVES, Missouri District of Columbia DON YOUNG, Alaska EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas ERIC A. ‘‘RICK’’ CRAWFORD, Arkansas RICK LARSEN, Washington BOB GIBBS, Ohio GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky STEVE COHEN, Tennessee MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania JOHN GARAMENDI, California RODNEY DAVIS, Illinois HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia ROB WOODALL, Georgia ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana JOHN KATKO, New York DINA TITUS, Nevada BRIAN BABIN, Texas SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New York GARRET GRAVES, Louisiana JARED HUFFMAN, California DAVID ROUZER, North Carolina JULIA BROWNLEY, California MIKE BOST, Illinois FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida RANDY K. WEBER, SR., Texas DONALD M. PAYNE, JR., New Jersey DOUG LAMALFA, California ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California BRUCE WESTERMAN, Arkansas MARK DESAULNIER, California LLOYD SMUCKER, Pennsylvania STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands PAUL MITCHELL, Michigan STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts BRIAN J. MAST, Florida SALUD O. CARBAJAL, California, Vice Chair MIKE GALLAGHER, Wisconsin ANTHONY G. BROWN, Maryland GARY J. PALMER, Alabama ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York BRIAN K. FITZPATRICK, Pennsylvania TOM MALINOWSKI, New Jersey JENNIFFER GONZA´ LEZ-COLO´ N, GREG STANTON, Arizona Puerto Rico DEBBIE MUCARSEL-POWELL, Florida TROY BALDERSON, Ohio LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas ROSS SPANO, Florida COLIN Z. ALLRED, Texas PETE STAUBER, Minnesota SHARICE DAVIDS, Kansas CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia ABBY FINKENAUER, Iowa GREG PENCE, Indiana JESU´ S G. ‘‘CHUY’’ GARCI´A, Illinois ANTONIO DELGADO, New York CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire ANGIE CRAIG, Minnesota HARLEY ROUDA, California CONOR LAMB, Pennsylvania (II) VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:44 Jun 26, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\HEARINGS\116\FULL\12-11-~1\TRANSC~1\40221.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER CONTENTS Page STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Hon. Peter A. DeFazio, a Representative in Congress from the State of Or- egon, and Chair, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 1 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 4 Hon. Sam Graves, a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri, and Ranking Member, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 7 Hon. Rick Larsen, a Representative in Congress from the State of Wash- ington, and Chair, Subcommittee on Aviation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 7 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 8 Hon. Garret Graves, a Representative in Congress from the State of Lou- isiana, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Aviation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 8 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 10 Hon. Eddie Bernice Johnson, a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas, prepared statement .............................................................................. 153 Hon. Frederica S. Wilson, a Representative in Congress from the State of Florida, prepared statement ................................................................................ 153 WITNESSES PANEL 1 Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, accompanied by Earl Lawrence, Executive Director, Aircraft Certification Service, Federal Aviation Administration: Oral statement of Hon. Dickson ...................................................................... 11 Prepared statement of Hon. Dickson .............................................................. 13 Matthew Kiefer, Member, Technical Advisory Board: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 16 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 18 PANEL 2 Edward F. Pierson, Former Senior Manager, Boeing, appearing in his indi- vidual capacity: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 72 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 74 G. Michael Collins, Former Aerospace Engineer, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, appearing in his individual capacity: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 113 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 114 Mica R. Endsley, Ph.D., appearing on behalf of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 118 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 120 John M. Cox, Chief Executive Officer, Safety Operating Systems: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 133 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 135 (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 15:44 Jun 26, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\HEARINGS\116\FULL\12-11-~1\TRANSC~1\40221.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER IV Page SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Slides, Submitted by Hon. DeFazio: Slide based on FAA’s post-Lion Air ‘‘Quantitative Risk Assessment,’’ Dec. 3, 2018 ............................................................................................................ 20, 62 Slide based on United Airlines flight 232 crash of DC–10 on July 18, 1989, in Sioux City, IA ................................................................................. 22 Slide based on crashes of 1989 USAir flight 5050 and 2008 Continental Airlines flight 1404 ....................................................................................... 22 Slide based on Boeing’s MCAS ‘‘Coordination Sheet,’’ dive recovery, June 11, 2018 .......................................................................................................... 59 Slide of letter from then-FAA Acting Administrator Dan Elwell to Chair DeFazio regarding 737 MAX AOA Disagree Alert, July 11, 2019 ............ 66 Slide based on Boeing’s MCAS ‘‘Coordination Sheet,’’ 10 seconds cata- strophic, June 11, 2018 ................................................................................. 68 Lists A and B, Submitted by Hon. DeFazio: 9/11/2015 EASA letter to FAA ......................................................................... 155 3/21/1997 Issue Paper ...................................................................................... 157 2/11/2015 FAA Letter to Boeing ...................................................................... 162 FAA-DeFazio—28834–28842 TAD Corrective Action Review Board (CARB) Presentation Form .......................................................................... 165 FAA-DeFazio—28843–28860 Safety Review Board information .................. 174 FAA-DeFazio—32891–32938 Presentation: BCA Airplane Programs, Or- ganization Designation Authorization Technical Review Board ............... 192 Article of October 7, 2019, ‘‘Airline Went Into Records After MAX Crash, Engineer Says,’’ by Bernard Condon, Submitted by Hon. Perry ...................... 34 APPENDIX Questions from Hon. Peter A. DeFazio for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Adminis- trator, Federal Aviation Administration ............................................................ 241 Questions from Hon. Frederica S. Wilson for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Ad- ministrator, Federal Aviation Administration ................................................... 253 Questions from Hon. Andre´ Carson for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Adminis- trator, Federal Aviation Administration ............................................................ 255 Questions from Hon. Brian K. Fitzpatrick for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration .............................................. 256 Questions from Hon. Paul Mitchell for Hon. Stephen M. Dickson, Adminis- trator, Federal Aviation