Boeing's Commercial Jetliners Make an Ideal Platform for a Variety Of
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Boeing 737-300, 9H-ABT
Boeing 737-300, 9H-ABT AAIB Bulletin No: 5/98 Ref: EW/C97/8/3Category: 1.1 Aircraft Type and Registration: Boeing 737-300, 9H-ABT No & Type of Engines: 2 CFM56 turbofan engines Year of Manufacture: 1993 Date & Time (UTC): 1 August 1997 at 0943 hrs Location: On approach to Manchester Airport Type of Flight: Public Transport Persons on Board: Crew - 7 - Passengers - 93 Injuries: Crew - None - Passengers - None Nature of Damage: Nil Commander's Licence: Airline Transport Pilot's Licence Commander's Age: 49 years Commander's Flying Experience: 11,765 hours (of which 7,500 hours were on type) Last 90 days - 255 hours Last 28 days - 96 hours Information Source: AAIB Field Investigation History of flight The crew were operating a scheduled flight, as AMC 202, from Maltato Manchester. For the first part of the flight, the first officerwas the handling pilot. However, the forecast weather at Manchesterindicated that Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) would be requiredand, in accordance with company procedures, this would requirethe commander in the left seat to be the handling pilot. Therefore,towards the end of the cruise, the commander took over the handlingduties and the first officer assumed the normal non-handling dutiesincluding the radio monitoring and response. Prior to flight,the commander had confirmed the serviceability of the aircraftand noted that there were no 'Carried Forward Defects' in theTechnical Log; additionally, he had also confirmed that both thefirst officer and himself were qualified to carry out the expectedLVP approach. Throughout the flight, the aircraft was fully serviceable. Before descent, the crew obtained the airport weather informationand the commander briefed for the expected approach to Runway24 at Manchester. -
ICCT Aircraft Efficiency Design Public Draft
TRENDS IN AIRCRAFT EFFICIENCY AND DESIGN PARAMETERS Mazyar Zeinali, Ph.D. Daniel Rutherford, Ph.D. International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) ABSTRACT Developing an aircraft CO2 candidate metric and subsequent compliance assessment requires an understanding of practices and trends in aircraft design. Historically, fuel burn has been an important consideration for airlines, and manufacturers have responded by developing technologies to improve the efficiency of new aircraft designs. However, market forces also demand improvements in aircraft performance beyond reduced fuel burn. As a consequence, some portion of efficiency gained through improved technology has been devoted to increasing other aircraft design parameters such as range, maximum payload, and speed rather than to reducing emissions on a constant mission. In this paper, we discuss some initial ICCT work on sales‐weighted historical trends in new aircraft design attributes and their influence on aircraft efficiency, using design range as a first area of inquiry. We show that aircraft design parameters that influence fuel efficiency have changed over time, both in aggregate and for specific replacement designs, and therefore need to be taken into account when developing a CO2 certification requirement and stringency scenarios for further consideration. We also present evidence that commercial aircraft are not typically operated near their maximum performance points (i.e. design range and max payload), and therefore setting a CO2 certification requirement and standard at those points may overestimate improvements in future designs. 1. INTRODUCTION Developing an aircraft CO2 candidate metric and stringency scenarios will require knowledge and understanding of a complex system. Proper design choices will not only result in a policy that underscores environmental performance accurately, but also one that minimizes costs, undesirable impacts on competitiveness, and potential standard gaming. -
NTSB-AAR-72-18 TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD Title PAGE
SA-424 FILE NO. 1-0002 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT WESTERN AIR LINES, INC. BOEING 720-047B,N3166 ONTARIO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ONTARIO, CALIFORNIA MARCH 31, 1971 ADOPTED: JUNE 7, 1972 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD Washington, 0. C. 20591 REPORT NUMBER: NTSB-AAR-72-18 TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TiTLE PAGE . Report No. 2.Government Accession No. 3.Recipient's Catalog No. NTSB-AAR-72-18 I. Title and Subtitle 5.Report Date Aircraft Accident Report - Western Air Lines, InC., Sune 7, 1972 Roeing 720-047B, N3166, Ontario International Airport, 6.Performing Organization Ontario. California, March 31, 1971 Code '. Author(s) 8.Performing Organization Report No. I. Performing Organization Name and Address IO.Work Unit No. Bureau of Aviation Safety 11 .Contract or Grant No. National Transportation Safety Board Washington, D. C. 20591 13.Type of Report and Period Covered 12.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Aircraft Accident Report March 31, 1971 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD Washington, 0. C. 20591 14.Sponsoring Agency Code 15.Supplementary Notes I6.Abstract Flight 366, a Boeing 720B, on a proficiency check flight, yawed and rolled out of control, and crashed while in the process of executing a 3-engine missed- approach from a simulated engine-out ILS instrument approach. The five crew- members and only occupants died in the crash. The weather conditions at Ontario were 600 feet overcast, with 3/4-mile visibility in fog, haze, and smoke. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the aircraft rudder hydraulic actuator support fitting. The failure of the fitting resulted in the inapparent loss Of left rudder control which, under the conditions of this flight, precluded the pilotk ability to maintain directional control during a simlated engine-out missed- approach. -
Ntsb/Aas-64-Aa
, I (j (. .1 u!) \J _l'·,· ~ABLE OF CONTENTS A. INT~ODUCTION 1 . Rcvie1-1 u f in;1'tents 2. T11,pl·:::r:cn ta ti on of Requirements b., Re.so luUoI~ of Conflicts c <· Consider a t,iorJ rif Avc:.ilable Research J, Considerat icn of Past Di.fficultie:3 et Aircraft CcckFits Accide~i/Incia2nt Re2ord 6 Conclusions C .. CREd COMP.LEHZ!~T l.. Review of 11.eq1.iirements ;::i, Views of the Industry a. Ma~uf2cturers ~~ Air Carriers c. 1·'!.:.:Uu.:·:J.l Avi at.ion Agency cL. .Pilot Organization e., Flisht Eng:inc:er Organization h. Conclusions .D. cnn·.r DUTIE.S 1. Review of ~equirements 2. Views of the Industry a. Manufacturers b .. Air Carriers c. FBricral Aviation Agency d, Military e, Flight Engi.near On.;..n] za ti on f. Pilot Organization 000002 Evalua 1:.ion Conclusions I l. e.. Fi..-:.. J.\.FI?ENDI CES II. TJ, S. J.._i-:: C:::.2'.'rie~ l~:.r..:i.Je'."'_t.s f'::.r 1J 1~riod cfo.:,.;:-::1v .July =...> ~964 - 'L-;_:rbcjet Aircr:;.ft J.11' r.·;.:;:: ~·=-:·:~-= B·::a_-l.:'..::::"~'.:':":. ~Tr: s -:~:; te1--,lis:-~:::d by BAC-ll.~. n:.:;. 9 E\r~.:il·;,s.T ~.or, Com~tr~:.t-_:.se- ::i.s p:cs.:_::,s~1ted by ..L;n~ pj_j_ot Org~r.. iz:-.. -.·. .ior; IV. Limi t:a·:::i..c:".::: f::i::.· T:·-cr:.1.::;por r:: Ai:t-::::.a.f~ Op.:::::-·:;.-:-.~~::.·":; w:i rh 1.;.r:..> '.!V:"':L!."1 crew ~L: p~~0:etJ.t:::l ty ~~1E: Fligl1t E11ginc('=Y O:t;ar,j_zg.-,l..Jn v. -
KFP067 22Gb.Pdf
, , , " beginning as "The Boe ing Clipper". the opment of Model 294, the Air Corps "Pro word was not a Boeing model name like ject X" that was to become the XB-15, "Flying Fortress" (Model 299) or "Strat the Model 299 that was the ill-fated proto oliner" (Model 307). The word "Clipper", type of the B-17, and was cu rrently con made famous by the famous line of fast, tinuing XB-15 work and redesigning the square-rigged sailing ships developed by B-17 for production when the Pan Am re Donald McKay in the late 1840s, was ac quest was received on February 28, 1936. tually owned by Pan Ameri ca n. After ap With so much already in the works, it wa s The Boeing 314 Clipper was a marvelous machine plying it as part of the names on individ felt that the company couldn't divert the even by today's standards. She was big, comfort· ual airplanes, as "China Clipper", "Clip engineering manpower needed for still a able and very dependable. At 84,000 Ibs. gross per America", etc., the airline got a copy nother big project. weight, with 10 degrees of flap and no wind, she right on the word and subsequently be The deadline for response had passed used 3,200 ft. to take off, leaving the water in 47 came very possessive over its use. I t is re when Wellwood E. Beall, an engineer di seconds. At 70,000 Ibs. with 20 degrees of flap ported to have had injuncions issued verted to sa les and service work , returned and a30 knot headwind, she was off in just 240 h., against Packard for use of the work " Clip from a trip to Ch ina to deliver 10 Boeing leaving the water in only eight seconds. -
Cpnews May 2015.Pmd
CLIPPERCLIPPER PIONEERS,PIONEERS, INC.INC. FFORMERORMER PPANAN AAMM CCOCKPITOCKPIT CCREWREW PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT & SECRETARY TREASURER / EDITOR HARVEY BENEFIELD STU ARCHER JERRY HOLMES 1261 ALGARDI AVE 7340 SW 132 ST 192 FOURSOME DRIVE CORAL GABLES, FL 33146-1107 MIAMI, FL 33156-6804 SEQUIM, WA 98382 (305) 665-6384 (305) 238-0911 (360) 681-0567 May 2015 - Clipper Pioneers Newsletter Vol 50-5 Page 1 The end of an Icon: A Boeing B-314 Flying Boat Pan American NC18601 - the Honolulu Clipper by Robert A. Bogash (www.rbogash.com/B314.html) In the world of man-made objects, be they antique cars, historic locomotives, steamships, religious symbols, or, in this case - beautiful airplanes, certain creations stand out. Whether due to perceived beauty, historical importance, or imagined romance, these products of man’s mind and hands have achieved a status above and beyond their peers. For me, the Lockheed Super Constellation is one such object. So is the Boeing 314 Flying Boat the Clipper, (when flown by Pan American Airways) - an Icon in the purest sense of the word. The B-314 was the largest, most luxurious, longest ranged commercial flying boat - built for, and operated by Pan Am. It literally spanned the world, crossing oceans and continents in a style still impressive today. From the late 1930’s through the Second World War, these sky giants set standard unequalled to this day. Arriving from San Francisco at her namesake city, the Honolulu Clipper disembarks her happy travelers at the Pearl City terminal. The 2400 mile trip generally took between 16 and 20 hours depending upon winds. -
Pan Am's Historic Contributions to Aircraft Cabin Design
German Aerospace Society, Hamburg Branch Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series Dieter Scholz Pan Am's Historic Contributions to Aircraft Cabin Design Based on a Lecture Given by Matthias C. Hühne on 2017-05-18 at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences 2017-11-30 2 Abstract The report summarizes groundbreaking aircraft cabin developments at Pan American World Airways (Pan Am). The founder and chief executive Juan Terry Trippe (1899-1981) estab- lished Pan Am as the world's first truly global airline. With Trippe's determination, foresight, and strategic brilliance the company accomplished many pioneering firsts – many also in air- craft cabin design. In 1933 Pan Am approached the industrial designer Norman Bel Geddes (1893-1958). The idea was to create the interior design of the Martin M-130 flying boat by a specialized design firm. Noise absorption was optimized. Fresh air was brought to an agreea- ble temperature before it was pumped into the aircraft. Adjustable curtains at the windows made it possible to regulate the amount of light in the compartments. A compact galley was designed. The cabin layout optimized seating comfort and facilitated conversion to the night setting. The pre-war interior design of the Boeing 314 flying boat featured modern contours and colors. Meals were still prepared before flight and kept warm in the plane's galley. The innovative post-war land based Boeing 377 Stratocruiser had a pressurized cabin. The cabin was not divided anymore into compartments. Seats were reclining. The galley was well equipped. The jet age started at Pan Am with the DC-8 and the B707. -
A Study of Vehicle Structural Layouts in Post-WWII Aircraft
A Study of Vehicle Structural Layouts in Post-WWII Aircraft Mark D. Sensmeier* Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona, 86301 Jamshid A. Samareh† NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681 In this paper, results of a study of structural layouts of post-WWII aircraft are presented. This study was undertaken to provide the background information necessary to determine typical layouts, design practices, and industry trends in aircraft structural design. Design decisions are often predicated not on performance-related criteria, but rather on such factors as manufacturability, maintenance access, and of course cost. For this reason, a thorough understanding of current “best practices” in the industry is required as an input for the design optimization process. To determine these best practices and industry trends, a large number of aircraft structural “cutaway” illustrations were analyzed for five different aircraft categories (commercial transport jets, business jets, combat jet aircraft, single- engine propeller aircraft, and twin-engine propeller aircraft). Several aspects of wing design and fuselage design characteristics are presented here for the commercial transport and combat aircraft categories. A great deal of commonality was observed for transport structure designs over a range of eras and manufacturers. A much higher degree of variability in structural designs was observed for the combat aircraft, though some discernable trends were observed as well. Nomenclature Frames = Circumferential fuselage structures which help maintain fuselage shape and prevent skin buckling Longerons = Lengthwise fuselage structures which carry bending loads Ribs = Chordwise wing structures which maintain wing shape, carry shear, and prevent skin buckling Spars = Spanwise wing structures which provide primary wing resistance to aerodynamic bending loads I. -
Re-Engining a Boeing 727-200 (Advanced) Versus Buying a New Boeing 757-200
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research Volume 4 Number 1 JAAER Fall 1993 Article 1 Fall 1993 A Cost Analysis: Re-Engining a Boeing 727-200 (Advanced) Versus Buying a New Boeing 757-200 Peter B. Coddington Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/jaaer Scholarly Commons Citation Coddington, P. B. (1993). A Cost Analysis: Re-Engining a Boeing 727-200 (Advanced) Versus Buying a New Boeing 757-200. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.15394/ jaaer.1993.1110 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Coddington: A Cost Analysis: Re-Engining a Boeing 727-200 (Advanced) Versus B A COSTANALYSIS: RE-ENGINlNG A BOEING 727-200 (ADVANCED) VERSUS BUYING A NEWBOEING 757-200 Peter B. Coddington The Boeing 727-200 and 757-200 are both narrowbody aircraft designed for short- to medium-range flights carrying 164 to 214 passengers. Until recently, when overtaken by the Boeing 737, the 727-200 program was the most successful aircraft program in history. The 727 airplane has carried 2.3 billion passengers, equivalent to half the world's population (Sterling, 1992). More than half of all 727s sold were advanced 200s and as late as 1990 an incredible 50% of all U.S. passenger traffic had flown on 727-200s since the advanced model was launched in 1971. -
Canada Aviation and Space Museum
CANADA AVIATION AND SPACE MUSEUM BOEING MODEL 720B PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA FLYING EXPERIMENTAL TEST BED REGISTRATION C-FETB Introduction The practical era of jet-age passenger transport aircraft officially dawned when the British de Havilland Company D.H.106 Comet made its premiere flight to great acclaim from the Hatfield, Hertfordshire aerodrome in England on 27 July 1949. Catering to British and mid to long-range routes to European, Middle Eastern and overseas destinations, the Comet series of airliners carried their passengers aloft in luxurious opulence for more than twenty years. Military and test derivatives followed suit and these continued flying for many decades, including two Comets for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Just 14 days later, across the vast Atlantic Ocean, in the small town of Malton, Ontario, Canada, a new aviation company called Avro Canada successfully accomplished the same task with much less fanfare and accolades. Avro sent its small, medium-range, turbo-jet transport, called the C-102 Jetliner, aloft for its first flight, inaugurating the dreamed potential for such a unique travel experience for the public on the North American continent. United States Air Force personnel found the aircraft favourable when they tried it out on flights at Wright Field, Ohio in March 1951. However, this Canadian dream didn’t last for long. The modestly successful Comet-series didn’t shine as brightly as its popular name when a series of tragic, fatal accidents to production civil aircraft nearly snuffed out its very existence. Following design rectification’s, the Royal Air Force continued to employ Comets in versatile roles, such as modifying the design into the Nimrod. -
Download This Issue (PDF)
03 Jeppesen Expands Products and Markets 05 Preparing Ramp Operations for the 787-8 15 Fuel Filter Contamination 21 Preventing Engine Ingestion Injuries QTR_03 08 A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION BOEING.COM/COMMERCIAL/ AEROMAGAZINE Cover photo: Next-Generation 737 wing spar. contents 03 Jeppesen Expands Products and Markets Boeing subsidiary Jeppesen is transforming its support to customers with a broad array of technology-driven solutions that go beyond the paper navigational charts for which Jeppesen 03 is so well known. 05 Preparing Ramp Operations for the 787-8 Airlines can ensure a smooth transition to the Boeing 787 Dreamliner by understanding what it has in common with existing airplanes in their fleets, as well as what is unique. 15 Fuel Filter Contamination 05 Dirty fuel is the main cause of engine fuel filter contamination. Although it’s a difficult problem to isolate, airlines can take steps to deal with it. 21 Preventing Engine Ingestion Injuries 15 Observing proper safety precautions, such as good communication and awareness of the hazard areas in the vicinity of an operating jet engine, can prevent serious injury or death. 21 01 WWW.BOEING.COM/COMMERCIAL/AEROMAGAZINE Issue 31_Quarter 03 | 2008 Publisher Design Cover photography Shannon Frew Methodologie Jeff Corwin Editorial director Writer Printer Jill Langer Jeff Fraga ColorGraphics Editor-in-chief Distribution manager Web site design Jim Lombardo Nanci Moultrie Methodologie Editorial Board Gary Bartz, Frank Billand, Richard Breuhaus, Darrell Hokuf, Al John, Doug Lane, Jill Langer, -
Fuel Consumption Fc (SFC) PERFORMANCE of CIVIL AIRCRAFTS in 1960S
Inspired by Physics – Just How Big is Disruptive? Design a FlyingJumbo Jet in Just One Hour ESADE Executive Program, Markus Nordberg November 15, 2017 Development & Innovation Unit (CERN) WHY ARE WE DOING THIS EXERCISE? • Like the experiments at CERN, the aerodynamic design of aircraft are also much determined by the was of physics • We wish to give an example of physics-driven experimentation process, requiring cross-disciplinary collaboration • Here, we wish to bring in business management, engineering and design • They all contribute, even if emphasis is here on aerodynamics • Prototyping is a good way to start to learn about the design process (even if incremental) • If I am able to design a stupid jumbo, well, then I can …. • Physics and Design Thinking is Fun PLEASE REMEMBER THAT … • … Modern aircraft designers are not taught like this • (The difference between this intro and designing real airliners is only about 10 000 hours … But make no mistake, our jumbo will fly) • … Modern aircrafts are not designed by beginners • … You will not be a certified aircraft designer after this course • … Folks at CERN can’t do anything • (Alas - but they do know how far the laws of physics will take you) WHO DESIGNED THIS? OR THIS? NATURE SEEMS TO KNOW ITS SHAPES WELL ALL YOU NEED TODAY TO KNOW ABOUT FLYING Finesse F = L/D Aspect Ratio Ar = b²/S b S Shape (F) Performance (engines) codecogs Well, Almost … F = ma or, in terms of pressure (assuming air ~ fluid) W/S ~ 0.3 x σ x v² Where: W = weight of the object (N) S = wing area (m²) σ = density of