DISTRICT NUTRITION PROFILE Jharsuguda, Odisha DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE Insert map here
Total Population5,79,505(In Lakhs)
51,2% 48,8% MALE FEMALE
39,9% 60,1% URBAN RURAL Jharsugudaranks 216th 18,5% 30,5% 51,45% amongst 599 districts in India SC ST OTHERS (District Development Index)13 THE STATE OF NUTRITION IN JHARSUGUDA
38.2% 82,5
CHILDREN 70,8 STUNTED1
19.4% 38,2 38,2 33,1 34,4 30,3 CHILDREN 27,4 WASTED1 19,4 18,3 18,7 18,9
4,4 2,6
33.1% Children stunted Children wasted Children Children with any Chronic energy Children with Adults who are CHILDREN (%)1,2,^ (%)1,2,^ underweight anemia (%)1,^^ deficiency in birthweight obese in the (%)1,2,^ women (%)1 <2500gms (%)2,3 district (%)1 UNDERWEIGHT1 ^Children aged <5 years; ^^Children aged 0 -59 months Source: Data source provided on Page 4 Jharsuguda Odisha
CHANGES OVER TIME Odisha Jharsuguda THE PREVALENCE OF (Children aged <5 years) (Children aged <5 years) 2005-06 2013-14 2002-04 2014 UNDERWEIGHT HAS (NFHS-3) (RSOC) (DLHS-2) (CAB) INCREASED IN THE Stunting 42.4% 38.2% No Data 38.2% DISTRICT BETWEEN Wasting 20.0% 18.3% No Data 19.4% 2002 AND 2014 Underweight 39.5% 34.4% 7.4% 33.1%
Page 1 4 HOW CAN NUTRITION IMPROVE? WHAT FACTORS CAUSE UNDERNUTRITION? The most crucial period for child nutrition is Optimum fetal and child nutrition and development from pre-pregnancy to the second year of life2 IMMEDIATE CAUSES 100 Breastfeeding, nutrient rich foods, and eating routine 90 Feeding and caregiving practices, parenting stimulation 80 Low burden of infectious diseases 70 60 UNDERLYING CAUSES Food security: availability, economic access and use of food 50 Feeding and caregiving resources (maternal, household and 40 community level) 30 Access to and use of health services, a safe and hygienic environment Window of Too late 20 opportunity
Percentage of child stunting (%) 10 BASIC CAUSES 0 Knowledge and evidence Politics and governance Leadership, capacity and financial resources Social, economic, political, and environmental context Age of child (in months) (national and global) Child undernutrition is caused by inadequacies in food, health and care for infants and young children, especially in thefirst two years of life (immediatecauses). Inadequate food, health and care arise from food insecurity, unsanitary livingconditions, low status of women, and poor health care(underlying causes). These are, in turn, caused by social inequity, economic challenges, poor political will and leadership to address these causes(basic causes). Interventions to address undernutrition must address thesemultiplecausesof undernutritionand do so in an equitable manner. IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF UNDERNUTRITION
INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING2,3 IMMUNIZATION & DISEASE BURDEN 3 SUPPLEMENTATION 3
88,9 87,2 84,3 79,1 78,7 77,4 68,8 68,6 No Data No Data 55,5 58,3 49,3
30,7 25,6 25,8
14,2 14,0
Early initiation of Exclusive Children (6-8 mo) Children who Full immunization Children (6-35mo) Children suffering Children <5 years Women aware of breastfeeding (%) breastfeeding (%) who received any achieve minimum coverage (%) who got vitamin A from diarrhoea (%) with diarrhoea danger signs of solid/semi solid diet diversity (%) supplementation treated with ORS pneumonia (%) food in the last 24 (%) (%) hours (%) Areas for action: ADOLESCENT & MATERNAL HEALTH1,3,5
• Exclusive breastfeeding rates are poor and require urgent 99,7 98,0 100,0 97,6 90,9 attention 78,4 • No district level data available on children’s diets • Alarming levels of anaemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls Data challenges: • Out-dated data; poor availability of data on key immediate determinants of under nutrition from national surveys Women with access to Any anemia among Any anemia among • Where data are available, indicator definitions are non- at least 1 antenatal pregnant women (%) adolescent girls (%) care coverage (%) standardized and often differ from World Health Organisation recommendations Jharsuguda Odisha Page 2 UNDERLYING CAUSES OF UNDERNUTRITION
WOMEN’S STATUS3,6 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE7,8,9
73,4 73,6 73,9 76,6 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
24,6 18,3 12,1 11,9 7,5 1,7 4,4
Girls married when Ever married Women who Women's Access to improved Access to improved Open defecation Child stool disposal Households who <18years old (%) women/mothers completed ownership of land drinking water sanitation facilities (%) in a sanitary washed hands with who completed secondary school (%) sources (%) (%) manner (%) soap before a meal primary school (%) (%) (%)^ ^Data based on rural population only
FOOD SECURITY10 SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS7,1 0,1 1
60,5 50,5 48,5 45,8 42,6 No Data 43,6 42,4 43,0 37,8 34,8 32,9 28,1
14,7
Household share of Household share of Households in the Below Poverty Line Households ownership Households living in a Access to electricity (%) expenditure on food food expenditure on district involved in households (%) of agricultural land (%) permanent house (%) (%) cereals (%) agriculture (%)
Jharsuguda Odisha
Areas for immediate action: • Very high rates of open defecation; critical need to increase awareness about washing hands with soap and ensuring access to using improved sanitation facilities • Very few households live in a permanent house and have access to electricity Data challenges: • Poor availability of data on underlying causes of undernutrition from national surveys • Difficult to compare indicators of water, sanitation and hygiene over time as census data do not provide data on child stool disposal or on hand washing BASIC CAUSES OF UNDERNUTRITION
96,9 100,0 94,6 79,3 80,9 70,0 63,7 70,6 66,9 52,4 56,3 50,8 45,0
3,1
Adult literacy rate (%)7 Births attended by Household has access Household has access Household has access Households who Households availing skilled health personnel to Anganwadi worker to a Sub-Health Centre to primary/middle demanded and received banking services (%)7 (%)6 (%)6 (%)6 school (%)6 work through NREGA (%)10 Jharsuguda Odisha
• Per capita gross district domestic product of Jharsugudaranked 1st amongst 30 districts of Odisha12 • Access to skilled health personnel during child delivery is very limited and few households avail banking services • Action needs to be taken to improve adult literacy which is low • No data available on indicators of governance and political will to address nutrition Page 3 WHAT WILL IT TAKE TO IMPROVE NUTRITION IN JHARSUGUDA? NDO - POSHAN/IFPRI Source:
Possible district-level actions to support nutrition:
Data sources 1. Census of India. 2014. Clinical, Anthropometric & Bio-chemical (CAB) survey. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hh-seri es / HH- 2/Odisha%20CAB%20Sample%20Characteristics%202014.pdf 2. UN ICEF. 2 0 1 3 -2014. Rapid Survey on Children (RSoC). http://wcd.nic.in/RSOC/21.RSOC_Odisha.pdf 3. Census of India. 2012-20 13 . Annual Health Survey. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/AHSBulletins/AHS_Bulletin_2012_13/Odisha/Odisha.pdf 4. Robert E Black, Cesar G Victora, Susan P Walker, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Parul Christian, Mercedes de Onis, Majid Ezzati, Sally Grantham-McGregor, Joanne Katz, Reynaldo Martorell, Ricardo Uauy, and the Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. 2013. “Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries”. The Lancet 382 (9890), 427-451 5. District Level Household Survey on Reproductive and Child Health (DLHS-2), 2002-04, India. International Institute for Population Studies. (IIPS). 2006. District Level Household Survey on Reproductive and Child Health (DLHS-2), 2002-04, India: Nutritional Status of Children and Prevalence of Anemia among Children, Adolescent Girls and Pregnant Women. Mumbai: IIPS. Octo b er 2 8 , 2 01 5, www.rchiips.org/pdf/rch2/National_Nutrition_Report_RCH-II.pdf 6. International Institute for Population Studies (IIPS). 2010. District Level Household Survey and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08 , In di a, Od i sh a . Mumbai: IIPS. Accessed October 28, 2015, www.rchiips.org/pdf/rch3/report/UP.pdf 7. Census of India. 2011. Houselisting an d Ho u si n g C en su s Da ta . Accessed October 28, 2015, www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/HLO_Tables.html 8. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06, India. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Studies. 9. HUNGaMA: Fighting Hunger & Malnutrition : the HUNGaMA Survey Report. 2011. Naandi Foundation. 10. Author’s estimates based on Household Consumption Expenditure, National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 68th Round, 20 11 -12 . Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation. Government of India. 11. Planning Commission. 2013. Press note on poverty estimates, 2011-12. Government of India. Accessed Octo b er 2 8 , 2015. http://planningcommission.nic.in/news/pre_pov2307.pdf 12. Government of Odisha. Economic Survey (2014-15). Accessed Octo b er 2 8 , 2 01 5, http :/ / www.odisha.gov.in/pc/Download/Economic_Survey_2014-15.pdf 13. Us-India Policy Institute. 2015. District Development and Diversity Index. Accessed Octo b er 2 8 , 2015, http://www.usindiapolicy.org/updates/general -news/225- district-development-and-diversity-index-report
This District Nutrition Profile was developed by the Public Health Resource Network (PHRN), Odisha for POSHAN. Version: 23-08-2016