Um Estudo Sobre As Pinturas De Montanhas-E-Águas E Outras Tópicas Do Mundo-Flutuante, Em Cem Vistas Do Monte Fuji, De Hokusai

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Um Estudo Sobre As Pinturas De Montanhas-E-Águas E Outras Tópicas Do Mundo-Flutuante, Em Cem Vistas Do Monte Fuji, De Hokusai UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA, LITERATURA E CULTURA JAPONESA GABRIELA ROCHA ITOCAZO Um estudo sobre as pinturas de montanhas-e-águas e outras tópicas do mundo-flutuante, em Cem Vistas do Monte Fuji, de Hokusai. (versão corrigida) São Paulo 2018 GABRIELA ROCHA ITOCAZO Um estudo sobre as pinturas de montanhas-e-águas e outras tópicas do mundo-flutuante, em Cem Vistas do Monte Fuji, de Hokusai. (versão corrigida) Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa, do Departamento de Letras Orientais, da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção de título de Mestre em Letras. Área de concentração: Cultura Japonesa. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Michiko Okano São Paulo 2018 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Itocazo, Gabriela Rocha Ii88ee Um estudo sobre as pinturas de montanhas-e-águas e outras tópicas do mundo-flutuante, em Cem Vistas do Monte Fuji, de Hokusai. / Gabriela Rocha Itocazo ; orientador Michiko Okano. - São Paulo, 2018. 195 f. Dissertação (Mestrado)- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Orientais. Área de concentração: Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa. 1. Hokusai. 2. sansuiga. 3. ukiyo-e. 4. pintura de paisagem. 5. Cem vistas do Monte Fuji. I. Okano, Michiko, orient. II. Título. Nome: ITOCAZO, Gabriela Rocha Título: Um estudo sobre as pinturas de montanhas-e-águas e outras tópicas do mundo-flutuante, em Cem Vistas do Monte Fuji, de Hokusai. Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Aprovado em __________________________________ Banca Examinadora Presidente da Banca___________________________________________ Instituição ___________________________________________________ Assinatura___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. ____________________________________________________ Instituição ___________________________________________________ Assinatura___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. ____________________________________________________ Instituição ___________________________________________________ Assinatura___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. ____________________________________________________ Instituição ___________________________________________________ Assinatura___________________________________________________ Agradecimentos Agradeço profundamente À Michiko Okano, por todos aprendizados no caminho, cheios de ternura e sabedoria, e por sua paciente orientação na reta final, iluminando o caminho que deveria seguir. Madalena Cordaro, pela abertura das portas, por me ensinar a ver e pelo caminho trilhado. Meu pai, Jair Itocazo, por segurar as minhas quedas com tamanha devoção e amor, permitindo-me sustentar os inquietos sonhos. Meus irmãos, Jardel, Fernando, e irmã, Carolina Pedrosa, por serem meus parceiros nessa vida. Meu sobrinhos, Dante, Arthur e Lucas, pela alegria que trazem à minha vida. Ana Paula Fiorotto, por me acompanhar e ajudar, pacientemente, na fase mais difícil dessa pesquisa, tornando o caminho mais dócil e praticando, comigo, o melhor do amor. Patrícia Rocha, Ana Paula Soida, Andrea Rocha e Aline P. Hellin, pelas conversas e companheirismo. Rafael Malagoli, por encher minha vida de poesia. Thais Oyola, pela amizade sagrada e as infinitas conversas iluminadas. Roberta Carbone e Déborah Penafiel, pelas trocas e companheirismo inabalável. Bárbara Dantas, pela parceria durante todo mestrado e, sobretudo, na reta final. Juliana Kase, Ana Chiesa, Keiko Nishie, Liliana Morais, Simonia Fukue, Karina Takiguti, pela parceira nos estudos e sonhos. Wataru Kikuchi, pela espírito receptivo e dedicação, sem os quais não teria conseguido continuar. Koichi Mori, pelos ensinamentos durante o estágio. Bruno Caetano, Renata Grazzini e Gael, pela amizade antiga e pela compreensão durante o caminho. A todos os professores do Centro de Estudos Japoneses da USP, por nos ajudarem a descobrir esse misterioso universo da pesquisa, com tamanha dedicação. Todos estudantes e professores do grupo de estudo GEAA. Amigas e amigos, por continuarem por perto e entenderem minha ausência. Cassia Castro, por me apresentar o universo de Hokusai. Todas pessoas que, por ventura, mereceriam ser agradecidas, mas minha memória desesperada deixa escapar... Professores que se dispuseram a participar da Banca de defesa. Consulado do Japão no Brasil, pela realização de um sonho. Professores que se dedicaram à realização da banca de defesa. Capes, pela bolsa de estudos. Para duas grandes primaveras: minha amada mãe, Neuza Rocha Itocazo e minha preciosa Obā-chan, Haru Ganiko Itocazo que nos deixaram tantas saudades RESUMO ITOCAZO, Gabriela Rocha. Um estudo sobre pinturas de montanhas-e-águas e outras tópicas do mundo-flutuante, em Cem Vistas do Monte Fuji, de Hokusai. 2018. 195f. Dissertação (Mestrado em língua, literatura e cultura japonesa) – Departamento de Línguas Orientais, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. Esta dissertação dedica-se ao estudo da obra “Cem Vistas do Monte Fuji” (Fugaku Hyakkei) (1834-47?), de Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), pintor japonês do século XVIII-XIX. Trata-se de um livro-imagem (ehon), com cento e duas estampas impressas em preto-e-branco (sumizukuri) e tons de cinza (em sua 1ª edição), produzidas com a técnica da xilogravura japonesa, dentro do estilo ukiyo-e (pinturas do mundo-flutuante). O foco da pesquisa está em (1) estudar os assuntos presentes nas estampas, reconhecendo suas categorias dentro de tópicas tradicionais da pintura japonesa, suas referências temáticas, literárias, mitológicas, religiosas e particularidades; (2) analisar os aspectos temáticos e estéticos, em relação à espacialidade, perspectivas e composições, para identificar e refletir acerca das influências ocidentais, chinesas e da tradição japonesa presentes na obra. Ao final do projeto propõe-se uma revisão de nomenclatura para as vistas do mundo natural (shizen), produzidas por Hokusai, em sua última fase de criação (século XIX) – comumente chamadas, pelos especialistas, de sansuiga (pinturas de montanhas-e-águas), no Japão, ou “pintura de paisagem”, no Ocidente. Para tanto, na primeira parte contextualiza-se a vida e obra do pintor, apresentando brevemente características da sociedade japonesa, do período Edo (1603-1868), o estilo artístico ukiyo-e, a técnica utilizada, os sistemas tradicionais de transmissão de saberes nas artes e os nomes de artistas (gō) do pintor, para então realizar um estudo sobre os gêneros “pintura de paisagem”, da tradição ocidental, e “pinturas de montanhas-e-águas”, da tradição chinesa (shanshuihua) e japonesa (sansuiga), a fim de compará-los e reconhecer as influências estéticas e temáticas presentes nas estampas do pintor. Na segunda parte analisa-se a obra “Cem vistas do Monte Fuji”, elencando-se assuntos dentro de tópicas da tradição pictórica japonesa, para que assim fosse possível reconhecer as camadas e composições das estampas, tal como suas referências formais e temáticas, debatidas no primeiro capítulo. Foi realizado, para fins metodológicos, uma classificação em sete categorias, para cada uma delas foram selecionadas algumas imagens que melhor exemplificam temas e tratamentos formais que se pretendeu discutir: (i.) Cenas históricas, figuras mitológicas e lendárias; (ii.) Pinturas de montanhas-e-águas e de flores-e-pássaros; (iii.) Cenas de homens-letrados, de contemplação e de lugares-famosos; (iv.) Cenas de assuntos religiosos; (v.) Cenas de usos-e-costumes, de viajantes e trabalhadores; (vi.) Os disfarces e as linhas do Mt. Fuji; (vii.) Geometria, carpintaria e arquiteturas. Palavras-chaves: Hokusai; sansuiga; ukiyo-e; pintura de paisagem; Cem vistas do Monte Fuji. ABSTRACT ITOCAZO, Gabriela Rocha. A study of mountains-and-waters and other floating-world’ topicals paintings, in Hundred Views of Mount Fuji, Hokusai. 2018. 195f. Dissertation (Master in Language, Literature and Japanese Culture) – Department of Eastern Languages, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. This dissertation is dedicated to the study of "Hundred Views of Mount Fuji" (Fugaku Hyakkei) (1834-47?), by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), a 18th-19th century Japanese painter. It is a picture- book (ehon), with one hundred and two prints in black-and-white (sumizukuri) and shades of gray (in its 1st edition), produced with the Japanese woodcut technique, in the style of ukiyo-e (floating-world paintings). The focus of the research is to (1) study the subjects present in the prints, recognizing their categories within traditional Japanese painting topics, their thematic, literary, mythological, religious, and particular references; (2) to analyze the thematic and aesthetic aspects, in relation to spatiality, perspectives and compositions, to identify and reflect on the Western, Chinese and Japanese influences present in the work. At the end of the project is proposed a review of nomeclature for the views of the natural world (shizen), produced by Hokusai, in their last phase of creation
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