Korean Games :With Notes on the Correspo
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QJotttell Unitteraity Ethtarg CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT OF CHARLES WrULIAM WASON CLASS OF 1876 1918 UBRARYAHNEX DATE DUE Cornell University Library GV 133.K8C96 Korean games :with notes on the correspo 3 1924 023 272 424 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023272424 ^^^^^44i:% 'V PLATE I. KOREAN OFFICIALS IN MILITARY COURT DRESS. KOREAN GAMES WITH NOTES ON THE CORRESPONDING GAMES OF CHINA AND JAPAN BY STEWART CULIN Director of the Museum of Archasology and Pateontolegy, University of Pennsylvania :-^ fZD PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Copyright, 1895, by Stewart Culin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Owing to unusual stress of work and continued illness, Mr. Gushing has been unable to complete the commentary on this work announced in the prospectus. The material for the proposed commentary has grown to such proportions that it is his intention to expand it from a mere running com- parison of the games of the two continents, as was originally intended, into a volume more or less like the present, on Ameri- can Games in general. STEWART CULIN. University of Pennsylvania, October, 1895. PREFACE. This work is intended not only as a survey of the games of Korea, but as a practical introduction to the study of the games of the world. It is based upon a collection of games made by the writer, and exhibited by him at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, and now contained in the Museum of Archaeology of the University of Pennsylvania; and upon information obtained from natives of Eastern Asia residing in the United States, the author never having visited the East. The description of the Korean games was furnished to me orally by Mr. Pak Young Kiu, the accomplished Secretary of the Korean Commis- sion to the Columbian Exposition, and at present Charge d'affaires of the Korean government at Washington. The illustrations are almost entirely by native artists. The Korean plates are faithful copies of part of a series of colored pictures made by Ki San, an artist in the little Korean village of Tcho-ryang, back of Fusan. They represent the people of that locality. They were executed in 1886 upon the order of Miss Shufeldt, daughter of Rear Admiral R. W. Shufeldt, U. S. N., who visited Korea upon the King's repeated invitation just four years after Admiral Shufeldt had negotiated the treaty between Korea and the United States. The sketches in the text are in part by Teotiku Morimoto of Tokyo ; in part reproduced from native books, and in part drawn from specimens in the collection of games in the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. The incentive to the preparation and publication of this work was pri- marily the inspiration drawn from suggestions based upon his studies of the institutions and games of primitive American peoples, made to me by my friend and collaborator, Mr. Frank Hamilton Cushing, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, of Washington. In his suggestions as to the object and origin of American games, I recognized a means of removing the study .of games and allied customs from the uncertain domain of so-called Folk- lore into the realm of true scientific investigation. I have left the direct comparison of the games of the two continents to Mr. Cushing, while I have carried forward the investigation of the Asiatic games upon the in- trinsic evidence they themselves have afforded. vi PREFACE. I desire to express my obligations and thanks to W. H. Wilkinson, Esq., late H. B. M. Acting Consul-General in Seoul, Korea, who placed at my disposal the accounts of Korean chess and playing-cards which are incor- porated in this book, and in addition sent me, for the purposes of exhibition and study, his very perfect and unique collection of Chinese playing-cards. I also desire to acknowledge the assistance I have received from many sources in direct contributions of information and gaming material, and in critical suggestions, as well as in perfecting the artistic and mechanical details of this volume. My thanks are especially due to those whose names appear below. Mr. Saburo Arai, Toyama, Ichigo, Japan. Dr. Daniel G. Brinton, Philadelphia. Hon. Sir Charles Todd Crosthwaite, K. S. I., Calcutta, India. Mr. C. Hachiro Kajiwara, Aidzu, Japan. Lieut. Tatsuzo Kosugi, I. J. N., Tokyo, Japan. Li Ch'un Shan, Sinshang, Hoh Shan, Kwangtung, China. Mr. Benjamin Smith Lyman, Philadelphia. Mr. Kumpei MA-fsuMOTO, Shidzuoka, Japan. Mr. Jumatsu Matsuo, Nagasaki, Japan. Hon. Dato Meldrum, Johore, S. S. Mr. Kintaro Sato, Tokyo, Japan. Syed Mohammed Hadi, Sultanpur, India. SwAMEE Bhaskara Nand Saraswatee, Jodpur, India. Lieut. H. L. Scott, Third Calvary, U. S. A., Fort Sill, O. T. Count Seyichiro Terashima, Kagoshima, Japan. Mr. Yasujiro Yamagi, Bingo, Japan. artists. Robert G, Leinroth, Philadelphia. Teotiku Morimoto, Tokyo, Japan. William S. Rice, Philadelphia. Wells M. Sawyer, Washington, D. C. MANUFACTURERS. Franklin Printing Company, Philadelphia, Printers. Ketterhnus & Company, Philadelphia, Lithographers. Levytype Company, Philadelphia, Photo-engravers. PREFACE. vii AUTHORITIES CITED. John D. Champlin, Jr., and Arthur E. Bostwick, The Young Folks' Cyclopedia of Games and Sports. New York, 1890. E. J. EiTEL, Handbook for the Student of Chinese Buddhism. London, 1870. Edward Falkener, Games Ancient and Oriental, and how to play them. London, 1892. Duncan Forbes, The History of Chess. London, i860. Alice Bertha Gomme, The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Vol. I. London, 1894. John Henry Gray, China. London, 1878. M. DE GuiGNES, Dictionnaire Chinois, Frangais et Latin. Paris, 1813. Anton Huber, Uber das Meisir genannte Spiel der heidnischen Araber. Leipzig, 1883. Thomas Hyde, De Ludus Orientalibus. Oxford, 1694. James Legge, The Sacred Books of China, The Texts of Confucianism, Part II, The Yi King. Part III, The Li Ki. Oxford, 1882, 1885. William Frederick Mayers, The Chinese Reader's Manual. Shang- hai, 1874. W. H. Medhurst, English and Chinese Dictionary. Shanghai, 1847. A. B. Mitford, Tales of Old Japan. London, 1871. Robert Morrison, A Dictionary of the Chinese Language. Macao, 1815-1823. Albert Norman, Ungdomens Bok. Stockholm, 1878. T. A. Purcell, Our Neighborhood. Yokohama, 1874. M. l'Abbe de Savigny, Le Livre des Ecoliers. Paris. Z. Volpicelli, Wei-Ch'i, Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XXVI, 1891-92. Shanghai, 1894. W. H. Wilkinson, A Manual of Chinese Chess. Shanghai, 1893. Chess in Korea, Pall Mall Budget, December 27, 1894. Chinese Origin of Playing-Cards, American Anthropologist, January, 1895. A. Wylie, Notes on Chinese Literature. Shanghai, 1867. , Wah Kan san sai dzu e. " Japanese, Chinese, Three Powert (Heaven, Earth, Man), picture collection.'' Osaka, 1714- KuN Mo dzu e tai sei. " Very Complete Collection of Pictures to teach the unenlightened." Kiyoto, 1789. The Japanese Months. Printed by the Kokubunsha, Tokyo. PREFACE. TRANSLITERATION. The orthography and transliteration of tlie Korean words is in accord- ance with the Dictionnaire Coreen Frangais, Yokohama, 1880. The Chinese is transHterated in the Canton dialect, following Dr. S. Wells Williams' Tonic Dictionary, Canton, 1856. The Japanese-English Dictionary of Dr. J. C. Hepburn, Tokyo, 1888, has been taken as a standard for Japanese orthog- raphy. Stewart Culin. University of Pennsylvania, August, iSg^. Publications on Chinese Games, by Stewart Culin : Chinese Games with Dice. Philadelphia, 1889. The Gambling Games of the Chinese in America. Fan t'an : the Game of Repeatedly Spreading Out. Pak kop piu ; or, the Game of White Pigeon Ticket. Philadelphia, 1891. Chinese Games with Dice and Dominoes. Report of U. S. National Museum, 1893. " Tsz' Fa j or Word Blossoming." A Lottery among the Chinese in America. Overland Monthly, September, 1894. —— CONTENTS. PAGE Praface, V Introduction, xvii I. Htal-teung—Toys and Lanterns 3 II. NOUN-MI-RYEK SnOW-MAN, 8 III. Kak-si-no-reum—Doll Play, 9 IV. Keu-rim-tja—Shadows 9 V. Nyen—Kites, 9 VI. Nyen-e-oul-ni-ki—Kite Fighting 20 VII. El-neng-tjil, 21 VIII. .Syok-koptjil-ha-ki—Playing House, 21 IX. Koang-tai— Rope-walker Toy, 21 X. To-REu-RAK-i Wind-mill, 21 XI. Seu-ram-i—The Buzz, 22 XII. Tjouk-pang-oul —Z>zoi/^, 23 XIII. Hpaing-i—Tops, 24 XIV. Mai-am-tol-ki—Spinning Round, 29 XV. Tak-tchong —Pop-guns, 29 XVI. Na-koui—Squash-donkeys, .... 29 XVII. Mu-teung—Turnip-lanterns, 30 XVIII. Ssi-teu-ki—Cat's Cradle, 30 XIX. Kem-eui-tjyoul-tchai—Spider-web (Net) Bat 31 XX. Ryou-kaik-tjyo—Ring Puzzle, 31 XXI. Mal-nong-tjil-ha-ki—Playing Horse, 32 XXII. Nyang-pan-no-ram—Nobleman Play, 32 XXIII. Hyeng-ka-rai-tjil-tchi-ki, 32 XXIV. Aing-keum-tjil—Hopping, 33 XXV. Ttoui-em-ttoui-ki—Jumping, 33 XXVI. Ttoui-ye-nem-ki—Leap Frog, 33 XXVII. Tjoul-nem-ki—Jumping Rope 33 XXVIII. Nel-ttoui-ki—See-saw, , .... 34 XXIX. Tchyou-tchyen or keu-neui—Swinging, 34 XXX. Tjoul-ta-ri-ki—Tug of War, 35 XXXI. Ssi-reum-ha-ki—Wrestling, . 36 XXXII. Htaik-kyen-ha-ki—Kicking (5'at'3/^), 39 XXX [II. Tjye-ki-tcha-ki—Shuttlecock-kicking, 39 XXXIV. Moul-htaik-kyen-ha-ki—Water-kicking 43 XXXV. Syeng-ssa-hom—Dam-combat, 43 XXX V^. Tjou-MEK-TCHi-Ki —Fist-striking, 44 XXXVII. Syou-pyek-tchi-ki—Hand-clapping 44 ix — X CONTENTS. PAGE XXXVIII. Mek-kouk 49 XXXIX. SONG-TJANG-TCHAT-KI—CoRPSE-SEARCHING, 5° XL. KO-NO TTEU-KI, ... 5° XLI. MOUT-KO-TCHAT-KI— HiDE AND FlNU, 5° XLll. Neung-kyen-nan-sa, 51 XLIII. Syoum-pak-kkoum-tjil-ha-ki— Hide.and Seek, 5^ XLIV.