Symbiosis - the Relationship Between Two Different Individual Species That Live Together in a Close Relationship (Living Together)

Sept. 9, 2020

Welcome to science class!

Wednesday, Sept. 9, 2020

I can explain how organisms can survive when the external environment is unfavorable

I can compare the symbiotic and competitive relationships in organisms within an ecosystem

Big Ideas 1. Endothermic organisms maintain their own body temperature. 2. Ectothermic organism’s body temperatures are the same as their environment. 3. Organisms develop symbiotic relationships to survive.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

REVIEW: What is homeostasis? How do endothermic and ectothermic organisms maintain homeostasis?

1. What is a symbiotic relationship? 2. What is the difference between mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism? 3. What are examples of each?

AGENDA ✔ Vocabulary

✔ Notes - video and ppt ✔Exit Ticket

Vocabulary ✔organism - living individual, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus; a body made up of organs, organelles, or other parts that work together to carry on the various processes of life

What happens if stability is disrupted?

Homeostasis: the physical process that maintains a stable internal environment. Endotherms • Animals that can generate and regulate their own body heat. • Their body temperature stays at a relatively constant level by balancing heat loss with heat production. • Sometimes referred to as "warm-blooded" Ectotherms • Animals that rely on environmental sources of heat.

• Sometimes called “cold blooded” animals, are poorly insulated and produce heat at a low rate compared with endotherms. They also lose heat to cooler surroundings quickly.

• Regulate their body temperatures by behaviors. Regulate Body Temperature

• Many ectotherms are able to regulate their body temperature behaviorally, by moving into and out of sunlight. • burrowing under ground /seeking shade • Moving in and out of water. Symbiotic Relationships Symbiotic Relationships

▪ symbiosis - the relationship between two different individual species that live together in a close relationship (living together)

▪ The word symbiosis can be broken down into two parts to determine its meaning

▪ sym means together ▪ bio means life

Symbiosis Symbiosis

Symbiosis • A type of close and long-term biological interaction between two different species. • Three types of symbiosis: 1. Commensalism 2. Parasitism 3. Mutualism Types of Symbiosis

▪ There are three types of symbiotic ▪ Each relationship relationships can be shown using ▪ Mutualism (+, +) + , - , or 0 ▪ Commensalism (+, 0) ▪ Parasitism (+, -)

Symbiosis

Mutualism • A type of symbiosis occurring between individuals of two species • Each of the organisms benefits the other. Symbiosis Mutualism Oxpeckers • Oxpeckers and zebras or and Rhino rhinos – The birds live on the animal and eat all the bugs and parasites.

Flower and • Flowers and bees – Bees Bee get food and plants are pollinated.

• Sea anemones and clownfish – Clownfish have a safe place to live and Sea anemones are protected Anemone from their predators, the and butterfly fish. Clownfish

Mutualism ▪ mutualism - a relationship where both organisms benefit

▪ A + / + relationship

▪ Think of a normal friendship where both friends gain something from the The acacia galls are homes to stinging friendship ants and the ants defend acacia from other insects that would harm tree leaves. Mutualism Flowers and their Pollinators

(Example: Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen.) Mutualism

The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal. Mutualism Birds and mammals eat berries and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds. The oxbird Mutualism gets rid of the parasites on the antelope and allows the oxbird to have a meal.

Mutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin of animals.

Mutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the fungus gets food from the algae.

Mutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to break down the plant material. Mutualism The corals get food and the algae are protected. Symbiosis

Commensalism • A type of symbiosis occurring between individuals of two different species • One species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter.

Remora • Cattle egrets and cattle – The cattle’s movements stir up insects on which the egrets feed.

• Epiphytes are plants that grow Epiphytes on woody plants. They get nutrients from the air, so they only use the plant for support and access to the sun. Commensalism

▪ commensalism – a relationship where one species benefits while the other species remains unaffected

▪ A + / 0 relationship

▪ Think of a friendship where one of the friends benefits while the other Barnacles adhering to the skin of a doesn’t change whale Commensalism One species uses a second organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in holes in trees or orchids which live in trees.

Orchid in rainforest Venezuela Commensalism Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass and the egrets hang around and eat insects. Commensalism

Clown fish get their protection from the sea anemone and the anemone is unaffected.

Commensalism Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by the shark. Symbiosis

Parasitism • A type of symbiosis occurring between individuals of two species. • One organism is harmful to the other but may not kill the other organism. • The organism being harmed is called the host. Symbiosis

Parasitism Pin Worm • Pinworm – A small, thin, white roundworm that can negatively affect people. • Head Lice – A small, Head Lice wingless, blood-sucking insect that lives in the hair and feeds off the scalp. • Scabies – A skin Scabies infestation caused by a mite, which causes a rash.

Parasitism

▪ parasitism – a relationship where one organism benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) is harmed

▪ host – an organism on which a parasite lives

▪ A + / - relationship

▪ Think of a friendship where Parasitic isopod on fish you might feel used by your friend

Parasitism Ticks and fleas that live in a host animal's fur bite the animal and drink its blood are parasites. Parasitism Mistletoe takes moisture and nutrients from the plant while the woody plant has to support itself and the mistletoe.

Parasitism Insects such as mosquitoes feeding on a host are parasites. The tick eats Parasitism the blood of a human and the human receives Lyme disease from the tick.

Parasitism Vines such as Kudzu growing on Trees Parasitism Tomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs The Parasitism tapeworm attaches itself to the intestines of a dog and the tapeworm takes nutrients from the dog. Parasitism Tapeworm or Hookworms living in Host's Gut

Symbiosis – Brain Pop Quick Action – Symbiosis Matching the words with the picture and explain how the organisms interact in each relationship

A 1. Parasitism 2. Mutualism 3. Commensalism B

C Check for Understanding

Can you… identify the basic characteristics of a symbiotic relationship, including mutualism, commensalism and parasitism? give examples of each of the three types of symbiotic relationships? Exit Ticket Explain the difference between the symbiotic relationships.